CN115180951A - Pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115180951A CN115180951A CN202210622212.8A CN202210622212A CN115180951A CN 115180951 A CN115180951 A CN 115180951A CN 202210622212 A CN202210622212 A CN 202210622212A CN 115180951 A CN115180951 A CN 115180951A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube and a processing method thereof, wherein the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube comprises 50-80% of silicon carbide micro powder, 0-20% of zirconia micro powder, 3-9% of carbon black, 3-7% of titanium diboride, 2-6% of adhesive, 0.5-2% of lubricant and 8-25% of deionized water by mass percent; the particle size of the silicon carbide micro powder is 0.45-0.5 micron, and the particle size of the carbon black is 1-25 nanometers; the purity of zirconia miropowder be 4n, the specification is 5um, the specification of titanium diboride is 1um. The pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube improves the high thermal shock resistance of the ceramic heat exchanger tube, the processing method has the advantages of simple preparation process, high production efficiency and low cost, and the produced heat exchanger tube has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good thermal shock resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic preparation, and particularly relates to a pressureless sintering high-thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube and a processing method thereof.
Background
The heat exchanger tube is a core part of the heat exchanger, the heat conductivity of the heat exchanger tube determines the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the corrosion resistance of the heat exchanger tube determines the corrosion resistance of the heat exchanger, the high temperature resistance of the heat exchanger tube affects the high temperature resistance of the heat exchanger, and the thermal shock resistance of the heat exchanger tube directly affects the service life of the heat exchanger.
Ceramics are favored by people with the advantages of high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, good chemical stability and the like, and particularly have wide application in the field of high-temperature engineering, such as high-temperature kiln furniture, engine turbine blades, high-temperature bearings, gas nozzles, high-temperature filters, ceramic heat-insulating tiles, ceramic heat exchangers and the like, wherein the ceramic materials mainly comprise ionic bonds, covalent bonds or mixed bonds of the ionic bonds and the covalent bonds. The ceramic material is influenced by certain temperature change in the reproduction and use processes, only the degree of temperature shock is different, and the capability of the material for bearing the temperature shock without being damaged is called thermal shock resistance or thermal shock resistance. The most obvious weakness of the ceramic material is that the brittleness is high, namely the thermal shock resistance is poor, the heat conductivity is poor, the elastic modulus is high, and the material is easy to lose efficacy or damage.
At present, the material of the heat exchanger tube is stainless steel, carbon, ceramic material and the like. The stainless steel heat exchange tube has the service temperature lower than 800 ℃ and poor acid and alkali corrosion resistance; the graphite has good corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, low strength and poor oxidation resistance, so that the carbonaceous material heat exchange tube has low heat exchange efficiency and is easy to damage, can not be used in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere, and is generally applied in a low-temperature environment or a high-temperature environment in a protective atmosphere. The ceramic heat exchange tube has the advantages of high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance, long service life and the like, thereby being widely applied to the industries of metallurgy, petrifaction, food, pharmacy and the like. The ceramic materials for manufacturing the ceramic heat exchange tube mainly comprise cordierite, mullite, bauxite, flint clay, silicon carbide and the like at present, and the heat exchanger tube prepared from the cordierite, the mullite, the bauxite, the flint clay and the like has the problems of poor thermal shock resistance and poor corrosion resistance.
Therefore, the research on a heat exchanger tube with thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance is a technical problem to be solved by the existing ceramic heat exchanger tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube, which improves the high thermal shock resistance of the ceramic heat exchanger tube.
The invention also provides a processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube, the processing method has the advantages of simple preparation process, high production efficiency and low cost, and the produced heat exchanger tube has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good thermal shock resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient.
According to the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube disclosed by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is made of 50-80% of silicon carbide micro powder, 0-20% of zirconia micro powder, 3-9% of carbon black, 3-7% of titanium diboride, 2-6% of adhesive, 0.5-2% of lubricant and 8-25% of deionized water in percentage by mass; the particle size of the silicon carbide micro powder is 0.45-0.5 micron, and the particle size of the carbon black is 1-25 nanometers; the purity of the zirconia micro powder is 4n, the specification is 5um, and the specification of the titanium diboride is 1um; the adhesive is one or a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, phenolic resin and methyl cellulose; the lubricant is one or a mixture of glycerol, boron nitride, oleic acid or vegetable oil.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the materials of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is as follows: 55.5 to 64 percent of silicon carbide micro powder, 12 to 16 percent of zirconia micro powder, 3 to 5 percent of carbon black, 4 to 5 percent of titanium diboride, 3 to 5 percent of adhesive, 0.5 to 1 percent of lubricant and 9 to 17 percent of deionized water.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the materials of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is as follows: 65 to 77 percent of silicon carbide micro powder, 3 to 6 percent of carbon black, 4 to 6 percent of titanium diboride, 3 to 5 percent of adhesive, 0.5 to 1.3 percent of lubricant and 12 to 24 percent of deionized water.
According to the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube provided by the embodiment of the invention, silicon carbide micro powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and zirconium oxide are uniformly dispersed, so that the uniformity of the volume density, hardness, strength, thermal conductivity and other properties of the fired ceramic material is ensured, the uniformly dispersed carbon black provides reliable and stable shrinkage rate for reducing an oxide film on the surface of silicon carbide powder to sinter the heat exchanger tube, and the deformation of the heat exchanger tube is reduced. The binding agent plays a role in binding powder and carbon, and the titanium diboride and the zirconia can reduce the sintering temperature and improve the sintering density in the sintering process of the heat exchanger tube. Deionized water serves to increase the fluidity of the mixture, facilitating extrusion. The lubricant plays a role in lubricating in the mixture extrusion process, so that the extrusion efficiency is improved, and the die wear is reduced. The silicon carbide ceramic sintered under no pressure has high density due to high sintering temperature and fine granularity of silicon carbide powder, and the addition of the zirconium oxide and the titanium diboride causes the ceramic material to have high density, so that thermoelastic strain energy of the material when the material is subjected to thermal shock is dispersed and consumed, and pores caused by the fine granularity of the powder are favorable for relaxation of stress, thereby improving the high thermal shock resistance of the ceramic heat exchanger tube to a great extent.
The processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises the following steps: s1, mixing materials: taking the raw materials according to the proportion and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed pug A; s2, refining mud: refining the mixed pug A obtained in the step S1 for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 10-60 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.1MPa to obtain refined pug B; s3, aging: s3, aging the refined pug B in a sealing way for 45-50 hours under an anaerobic condition; s4, extruding: filling the pug aged in the step S4 into an extruder, and performing vacuum extrusion molding to obtain a heat exchanger tube green body, wherein the extrusion pressure of the extruder is 12MPa, and the vacuum degree of the extruder is 0.09MPa; s5, drying: putting the heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S4 into microwave drying equipment for medium and low temperature drying, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 hours; s6, sintering: and (5) placing the dried heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step (S5) in a sintering furnace for sintering, introducing argon gas as protective gas in the sintering process, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the pressureless sintered high-thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the step S1 comprises: s11, filling silicon carbide micro powder, zirconia powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and an adhesive into a mixer for dry mixing for 1-3 hours; s12, adding the lubricant and the deionized water in batches into a mixer, and continuously mixing for 6-8 hours.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the step S6, the sintering furnace is a pressureless sintering furnace, and the step S6 includes: s61, placing the dried heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S5 into a pressureless sintering furnace for sintering; and S62, heating the sintering temperature of the pressureless sintering furnace to 2170 ℃, preserving the temperature for 120min, and cooling to obtain the silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube with high thermal shock resistance.
According to the processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube, on one hand, silicon carbide mud is used as a preparation raw material, and the high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube prepared by dry mixing, wet mixing, mud refining, extrusion, drying and sintering is high in production efficiency, low in cost and low in price and can be produced continuously, on the other hand, the silicon carbide mud is used as the preparation raw material, an extrusion molding machine is selected for molding instead of slip casting molding, the efficiency is obviously improved, the method is suitable for continuous production, the prepared heat exchanger tube is uniform in wall thickness, and uniform in density, hardness, strength, thermal conductivity and other properties, the volume density of the silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube obtained by the processing method is more than 3.05g/cm < 3 >, the thermal shock resistance (1600 ℃ and air cooling) is more than 10 times of circulation, and the silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is light, high in density and good in heat exchange performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing a pressureless sintered high thermal shock resistant silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A pressureless sintered high thermal shock resistant silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube and a method of manufacturing the same according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1.
According to the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube of the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the raw materials of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube comprise: the silicon carbide powder, the zirconia powder, the carbon black, the titanium diboride, the adhesive, the lubricant and the deionized water are all commercially available raw materials.
The raw materials comprise, by mass, 80-90% of silicon carbide micro powder, 10-20% of zirconia micro powder, 0-9% of carbon black, 1-10% of titanium diboride, 2-9% of adhesive, 0.5-2% of lubricant and 8-25% of deionized water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.
The mass ratio of the materials of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube can also be set as follows: 80 to 90 percent of silicon carbide micro powder, 8 to 15 percent of zirconia micro powder, 2 to 9 percent of carbon black, 1 to 10 percent of titanium diboride, 2 to 9 percent of adhesive, 0.5 to 2 percent of lubricant and 8 to 20 percent of deionized water.
Wherein the particle size of the silicon carbide micro powder is 0.45-0.5 micron, and the particle size of the carbon black is 1-25 nanometers; the purity of zirconia miropowder be 4n, the specification is 5um, the specification of titanium diboride is 1um.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the binder is one or a mixture of two or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and methyl cellulose, for example, the binder may be polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose, or a mixture of any two of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and methyl cellulose, or a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and methyl cellulose.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the lubricant is one or a mixture of two or more of glycerol, boron nitride, oleic acid, or vegetable oil, that is, the lubricant may be one of glycerol, boron nitride, oleic acid, or vegetable oil, or a mixture of multiple materials of glycerol, boron nitride, oleic acid, or vegetable oil. The vegetable oil can be soybean oil or edible soybean oil directly purchased in the market, the edible soybean oil is low in cost and easy to obtain, the production cost is reduced, and the difficulty of a processing process can be simplified.
According to the pressureless sintering high-thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, silicon carbide micro powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and zirconium oxide are uniformly dispersed, so that the uniform uniformity of the volume density, hardness, strength, thermal conductivity and other properties of the sintered ceramic material is ensured, the uniformly dispersed carbon black provides reliable and stable shrinkage for the sintering of the heat exchanger tube by reducing an oxide film on the surface of silicon carbide powder, and the deformation of the heat exchanger tube is reduced. The binding agent plays a role in binding powder and carbon, and the titanium diboride and the zirconia can reduce the sintering temperature and improve the sintering density in the sintering process of the heat exchanger tube. Deionized water serves to increase the fluidity of the mixture, facilitating extrusion. The lubricant plays a role in lubrication in the mixture extrusion process, so that the extrusion efficiency is improved, and the die abrasion is reduced. The silicon carbide ceramic sintered under no pressure has high density due to high sintering temperature and fine granularity of silicon carbide powder, and the addition of the zirconium oxide and the titanium diboride causes the ceramic material to have high density, so that thermoelastic strain energy of the material when the material is subjected to thermal shock is dispersed and consumed, and pores caused by the fine granularity of the powder are favorable for relaxation of stress, thereby improving the high thermal shock resistance of the ceramic heat exchanger tube to a great extent.
The processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises the following steps: s1, mixing materials: taking the raw materials according to the proportion and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed pug A; s2, refining mud: refining the mixed pug A obtained in the step S1 for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 10-60 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.1MPa to obtain refined pug B; s3, aging: s3, aging the refined pug B in a sealing way for 45-50 hours under an anaerobic condition; s4, extruding: filling the pug aged in the step S4 into an extruder, and performing vacuum extrusion molding to obtain a heat exchanger tube green body, wherein the extrusion pressure of the extruder is 12MPa, and the vacuum degree of the extruder is 0.09MPa; s5, drying: putting the heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S4 into microwave drying equipment for medium and low temperature drying, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 hours; and S6, placing the dried heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S5 in a sintering furnace for sintering, introducing argon as protective gas in the sintering process, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the pressureless sintered high-thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube.
According to the processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube provided by the embodiment of the invention, the preparation process is simple, the production efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the produced heat exchanger tube has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good thermal shock resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the step S1 comprises: s11, filling silicon carbide micro powder, zirconia powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and an adhesive into a mixer for dry mixing for 1-3 hours; s12, adding the lubricant and the deionized water in batches into a mixer, and continuously mixing for 6-8 hours.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S6, the sintering furnace is a pressureless sintering furnace, and step S6 includes: s61, placing the dried heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S5 into a pressureless sintering furnace for sintering; and S62, heating the sintering temperature of the pressureless sintering furnace to 2170 ℃, preserving the temperature for 120min, and cooling to obtain the silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube with high thermal shock resistance.
According to the processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube, on one hand, silicon carbide mud is used as a preparation raw material, and the prepared high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube is high in production efficiency, low in cost, low in price and capable of being produced continuously through dry mixing, wet mixing, mud refining, extrusion, drying and sintering, on the other hand, the silicon carbide mud is used as the preparation raw material, an extrusion molding machine is selected for molding instead of slip casting molding, the efficiency is obviously improved, the heat exchanger tube is suitable for continuous production, the wall thickness of the prepared heat exchanger tube is uniform, the density, the hardness, the strength, the thermal conductivity and other properties are uniform, the volume density of the silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube obtained through the processing method is more than 3.05g/cm < 3 >, the thermal shock resistance (1600 ℃ and air cooling) is more than 10 times of circulation, and the silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is light in weight, high in density and good in heat exchange performance.
The method for processing the pressureless sintered high thermal shock resistant silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the specific embodiment.
Example one
A pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is prepared by taking silicon carbide pug as a raw material, wherein the silicon carbide pug comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 55.5% of silicon carbide micro powder, 15% of zirconia powder, 4% of titanium diboride, 5% of carbon black, 3% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5% of glycerol and 17% of deionized water.
The processing method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: filling silicon carbide micro powder, zirconia powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and adhesive into a mixer for dry mixing for 1.5h; adding the lubricant and the deionized water into a mixer in batches, and continuously mixing for 6 hours;
s2, refining mud: transferring the mixed pug into a pug mill, and refining for 1.5h under the vacuum condition, wherein the refining temperature is 20 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.08MPa;
s3, aging: putting the refined pug into a charging bucket, sealing and aging for 3 days;
s4, extruding: putting the aged pug into an extruder, and carrying out vacuum extrusion molding under the extrusion pressure of 10MPa and the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa;
s5, drying: transferring the extruded silicon carbide heat exchanger tube to a microwave dryer for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours;
s6, sintering: and placing the dried silicon carbide heat exchanger tube blank in a vacuum reaction sintering furnace, heating to a sintering temperature of 2180 ℃, preserving the heat for 120min, introducing argon gas as protective gas in the sintering process, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain the high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube, wherein the bulk density is 3.05g/cm & lt 3 & gt, and the thermal shock resistance (1600 ℃, air cooling) is not cracked after 20 cycles.
Example two
A pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is prepared by taking silicon carbide pug as a raw material, wherein the silicon carbide pug comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 63% of silicon carbide micro powder, 12% of zirconia powder, 5% of titanium diboride, 4% of carbon black, 4% of polyethylene glycol, 0.9% of glycerol and 11.1% of deionized water.
The processing method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: filling silicon carbide micro powder, zirconia powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and an adhesive into a mixer for dry mixing for 2 hours; adding the lubricant and the deionized water into a mixer in batches, and continuously mixing for 8 hours;
s2, refining mud: transferring the mixed pug into a pug mill, and refining for 2 hours under the vacuum condition, wherein the refining temperature is 30 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.09MPa;
s3, ageing: putting the refined pug into a charging bucket, sealing and ageing for 48 hours;
s4, extruding: putting the aged pug into an extruder, and carrying out vacuum extrusion molding under the extrusion pressure of 12MPa and the vacuum degree of 0.09MPa;
s5, drying: transferring the extruded silicon carbide heat exchanger tube to a microwave dryer for drying at 70 ℃ for 2.5 hours;
s6, sintering: placing the dried silicon carbide heat exchanger tube blank in a vacuum reaction sintering furnace, heating to the sintering temperature of 2170 ℃, preserving the temperature for 120min, introducing argon as protective gas in the sintering process, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube with high thermal shock resistance, the volume density is 3.04g/cm & lt 3 & gt, the thermal shock resistance (1500 ℃, air cooling) is 16 cycles without cracking
EXAMPLE III
A pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is prepared by taking silicon carbide pug as a raw material, wherein the silicon carbide pug comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 64% of silicon carbide micro powder, 16% of zirconia, 3% of carbon black, 4% of titanium diboride, 3% of methyl cellulose, 1% of oleic acid and 9% of deionized water;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: filling silicon carbide micro powder, zirconia powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and an adhesive into a mixer for dry mixing for 2 hours; adding the lubricant and the deionized water into a mixer in batches, and continuously mixing for 8 hours;
s2, refining mud: transferring the mixed pug into a pug mill to be refined for 2 hours under the vacuum condition, wherein the refining temperature is 45 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.09MPa;
s3, ageing: putting the refined pug into a material tank, sealing and ageing for 48 hours;
s4, extruding: putting the aged pug into an extruder, and carrying out vacuum extrusion molding under the extrusion pressure of 12MPa and the vacuum degree of 0.09MPa;
s5, drying: transferring the extruded silicon carbide heat exchanger tube to a microwave dryer for drying at 70 ℃ for 2.5 hours;
s6, sintering: and (3) placing the dried silicon carbide heat exchanger tube blank in a pressureless sintering furnace, heating to the sintering temperature of 2100 ℃, preserving the heat for 90min, introducing argon as protective gas in the sintering process, wherein the heating rate is 6 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain the high-heat-conductivity, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube, wherein the volume density is 3.06g/cm < 3 >, the thermal shock resistance (1400 ℃, air cooling) is 15 times of circulation without cracking.
Example four
A pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is prepared by taking silicon carbide pug as a raw material, and the silicon carbide pug is the same as that in the first embodiment, except that: the raw material components and the weight percentage thereof are as follows: 65% of silicon carbide micro powder, 5.88% of carbon black, 4.71% of titanium diboride, 3.53% of adhesive, 0.59% of lubricant and 20.29% of deionized water (namely, in the embodiment 1, no zirconia powder is added, and the corresponding addition amount of each component is added).
EXAMPLE five
A pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is prepared by taking silicon carbide pug as a raw material, and the silicon carbide pug is the same as that in the second embodiment, except that: the raw material components and the weight percentage thereof are as follows: 71.50% of silicon carbide micro powder, 4.55% of carbon black, 5.68% of titanium diboride, 4.55% of adhesive, 1.02% of lubricant and 12.7% of deionized water (namely, in the embodiment 2, zirconium oxide powder is not added, and the corresponding addition amount of each component is not added).
EXAMPLE six
A silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube with high thermal shock resistance is prepared by taking silicon carbide pug as a raw material, and the silicon carbide pug is the same as that in the third embodiment, and has the following difference: the raw material components and the weight percentage thereof are as follows: 76.19% of silicon carbide micropowder, 3.57% of carbon black, 4.76% of titanium diboride, 3.57% of adhesive, 1.19% of lubricant and 24% of deionized water (namely, in the embodiment 3, no zirconia is added, and the corresponding addition amount of each component is added).
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube is characterized in that: the material of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube comprises 50-80% of silicon carbide micro powder, 0-20% of zirconia micro powder, 3-9% of carbon black, 3-7% of titanium diboride, 2-6% of adhesive, 0.5-2% of lubricant and 8-25% of deionized water by mass percentage;
the particle size of the silicon carbide micro powder is 0.45-0.5 micron, and the particle size of the carbon black is 1-25 nanometers;
the purity of the zirconia micro powder is 4n, the specification is 5um, and the specification of the titanium diboride is 1um;
the adhesive is one or a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, phenolic resin and methyl cellulose;
the lubricant is one or a mixture of glycerol, boron nitride, oleic acid or vegetable oil.
2. The pressureless sintered high thermal shock resistant silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube of claim 1, wherein: the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube comprises the following materials in percentage by mass: 55.5 to 64 percent of silicon carbide micro powder, 12 to 16 percent of zirconia micro powder, 3 to 5 percent of carbon black, 4 to 5 percent of titanium diboride, 3 to 5 percent of adhesive, 0.5 to 1 percent of lubricant and 9 to 17 percent of deionized water.
3. The pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube of claim 1, wherein: the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube comprises the following materials in percentage by mass: 65 to 77 percent of silicon carbide micro powder, 3 to 6 percent of carbon black, 4 to 6 percent of titanium diboride, 3 to 5 percent of adhesive, 0.5 to 1.3 percent of lubricant and 12 to 24 percent of deionized water.
4. The method for processing the pressureless sintered high thermal shock resistant silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing materials: taking the raw materials according to the proportion and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed pug A;
s2, refining mud: refining the mixed pug A obtained in the step S1 for 1-4h at the temperature of 10-60 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.1MPa to obtain refined pug B;
s3, aging: s3, aging the refined pug B in a sealing way for 45-50 hours under an anaerobic condition;
s4, extruding: filling the pug aged in the step S4 into an extruder, and performing vacuum extrusion molding to obtain a heat exchanger tube green body, wherein the extrusion pressure of the extruder is 12MPa, and the vacuum degree of the extruder is 0.09MPa;
s5, drying: putting the heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S4 into microwave drying equipment for medium and low temperature drying, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 2-3 hours;
s6, sintering: and (5) placing the dried heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step (S5) in a sintering furnace for sintering, introducing argon gas as protective gas in the sintering process, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the pressureless sintered high-thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube.
5. The processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: the step S1 includes:
s11, filling silicon carbide micro powder, zirconia powder, carbon black, titanium diboride and an adhesive into a mixer for dry mixing for 1-3 hours;
s12, adding the lubricant and the deionized water in batches into a mixer, and continuously mixing for 6-8 hours.
6. The processing method of the pressureless sintering high thermal shock resistance silicon carbide ceramic heat exchanger tube according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step S6, the sintering furnace is a pressureless sintering furnace, and step S6 includes:
s61, placing the dried heat exchanger tube green body obtained in the step S5 into a pressureless sintering furnace for sintering;
s62, heating the sintering temperature of the pressureless sintering furnace to 2170 ℃, preserving the temperature for 120min, and cooling to obtain the silicon carbide composite ceramic heat exchanger tube with high thermal shock resistance.
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