CN115180923A - Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material - Google Patents

Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN115180923A
CN115180923A CN202210999814.5A CN202210999814A CN115180923A CN 115180923 A CN115180923 A CN 115180923A CN 202210999814 A CN202210999814 A CN 202210999814A CN 115180923 A CN115180923 A CN 115180923A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
parts
stirring
ceramic tile
raw material
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202210999814.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN115180923B (en
Inventor
麦文英
王礼
叶建明
黄大泱
丁海洋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Oubrunei Ceramics Co ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Oubrunei Ceramics Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Oubrunei Ceramics Co ltd filed Critical Guangdong Oubrunei Ceramics Co ltd
Priority to CN202210999814.5A priority Critical patent/CN115180923B/en
Publication of CN115180923A publication Critical patent/CN115180923A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN115180923B publication Critical patent/CN115180923B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1324Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/1305Organic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/131Inorganic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/24Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/46Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
    • C04B41/47Oils, fats or waxes natural resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/82Coating or impregnation with organic materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3436Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
    • C04B2235/3454Calcium silicates, e.g. wollastonite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422Carbon
    • C04B2235/425Graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/444Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/448Sulphates or sulphites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • C04B2235/483Si-containing organic compounds, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5284Hollow fibers, e.g. nanotubes
    • C04B2235/5288Carbon nanotubes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9607Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/963Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a ceramic tile with a fine surface by taking recycled waste as a raw material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding the ceramic tile waste into 4-8 times of 6-10% hydrochloric acid solution by mass, stirring for reaction at 55-65 ℃ at a stirring speed of 350-450r/min for 20-30min, washing and drying after stirring; then adding the mixture into 5-9 times of modifying treatment agent for ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min. According to the product, the ceramic tile waste is treated and activated by hydrochloric acid solution, and then is modified by the modifying treatment agent, the optimized waste can be cooperatively combined with mullite, burnt talc and modified wollastonite, and the prepared ceramic tile has excellent fine and smooth feeling, low heat conductivity coefficient, no ice-cold feeling when being touched and high-efficiency cooperative effect performance.

Description

Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic tiles, in particular to a method for preparing a ceramic tile with a fine surface by taking recycled waste as a raw material.
Background
The ceramic tile is made up by using refractory metal oxide and semimetal oxide through the processes of grinding, mixing, pressing, glazing and sintering, and is a kind of acid-and alkali-resistant porcelain or stone material for building or decorative material, so-called ceramic tile.
The ceramic tile prepared by the prior art adopts waste materials, is easy to cause a rough phenomenon on the surface of the ceramic tile, is not smooth enough, and reduces the use efficiency of the ceramic tile.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a ceramic tile with a fine surface by taking recycled waste as a raw material, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the invention provides a method for preparing a ceramic tile with a fine surface by taking recycled waste as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding the ceramic tile waste into 4-8 times of 6-10% hydrochloric acid solution by mass, stirring for reaction at 55-65 ℃ at a stirring speed of 350-450r/min for 20-30min, washing and drying after stirring;
step two: then adding the mixture into 5-9 times of a modifying treatment agent, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min at the ultrasonic power of 400-500W, and performing water washing and drying after the ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated ceramic tile waste;
step three: adding 35-45 parts of pretreated ceramic tile waste, 5-10 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of calcined talc and 4-6 parts of modified wollastonite into a stirrer, and fully mixing to obtain a premix;
step four: then the ceramic tile is sent into a mould for compression molding, then is sintered for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of 1100 to 1200 ℃, and then is polished and waxed to obtain the ceramic tile.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified treating agent comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 10-15 parts of graphene into 20-30 parts of deionized water, then adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, then adding 1-5 parts of chitosan and 0.2-0.6 part of lanthanum sulfate, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a first graphene solution;
s02: adding the carbon nano tube into 2-3 times of nitric acid solution, stirring and fully dispersing, washing with water, drying, and mixing with nano silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 3;
s03: adding 5-10 parts of carbon nanotube complexing agent into 10-20 parts of sodium alginate solution, then adding 2-6 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate and 1-3 parts of silane coupling agent, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain carbon nanotube composite second liquid;
s04: and (3) fully stirring and mixing the carbon nanotube composite second liquid and the graphene first liquid according to the weight ratio of 1.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 5-10%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 8-12%.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent is a coupling agent KH560.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the S03 for stirring and mixing fully is 600-800r/min, and the stirring time is 20-30min.
The inventor finds that the product has excellent fine and smooth performance, and meanwhile, the product has excellent low heat conductivity coefficient and does not feel cool;
the inventor of the invention finds that the thermal conductivity coefficient of a product without adding the modifying treatment agent is obviously improved, the product is rough and not fine, in addition, the carbon nano tube complexing agent is not added into the modifying treatment agent, and the nano silicon dioxide is not added into the carbon nano tube complexing agent, so that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the product is deteriorated.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified wollastonite comprises the following steps:
s11: adding 5-10 parts of wollastonite into 35-45 parts of ethanol solvent for uniform dispersion to obtain wollastonite dispersion liquid;
s12: 4-8 parts of silica sol, 3-6 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and 10-15 parts of deionized water are stirred and mixed fully, added into wollastonite dispersion liquid, stirred and reacted, washed and dried to obtain the modified wollastonite.
The inventor of the invention finds that the modified wollastonite is not added, the heat conductivity coefficient of the product tends to be poor, the modified wollastonite can generate a synergistic effect with the waste ceramic tile treated by the modifying treatment agent, the heat conductivity coefficient improvement effect of the product is enhanced, the problem of cool touch of the product is solved, and the product is fine and smooth and has good performance.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the stirring reaction treatment is 300-350r/min, the stirring time is 20-30min, and the stirring temperature is 55-65 ℃.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution is 10-15%.
Preferably, the rotation speed for fully stirring and mixing in the third step is 1000-1500r/min, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
Preferably, the pressure of the compression molding is 15-20MPa, and the compression time is 20-30min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the product disclosed by the invention, the ceramic tile waste is treated and activated by hydrochloric acid solution, then modified by the modifying treatment agent, the optimized waste can be cooperatively combined with mullite, calcined talc and modified wollastonite, and the prepared ceramic tile has excellent fine and smooth feeling, low heat conductivity coefficient, no ice-cold feeling when being touched and high-efficiency cooperative effect performance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for preparing the ceramic tile with the fine surface by taking the recycled waste as the raw material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding the ceramic tile waste into 4-8 times of 6-10% hydrochloric acid solution by mass, stirring for reaction at 55-65 ℃ at a stirring speed of 350-450r/min for 20-30min, washing and drying after stirring;
step two: then adding the mixture into 5-9 times of a modifying treatment agent, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400-500W, and performing ultrasonic treatment, water washing and drying to obtain pretreated ceramic tile waste;
step three: adding 35-45 parts of the pretreated ceramic tile waste, 5-10 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of calcined talc and 4-6 parts of modified wollastonite into a stirrer to be fully mixed to obtain a premix;
step four: then the ceramic tile is sent into a mould for compression molding, then is sintered for 1-2 hours at 1100-1200 ℃, and then is polished and waxed to obtain the ceramic tile.
The preparation method of the modification treatment agent of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 10-15 parts of graphene into 20-30 parts of deionized water, then adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, then adding 1-5 parts of chitosan and 0.2-0.6 part of lanthanum sulfate, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a first graphene solution;
s02: adding the carbon nano tube into 2-3 times of nitric acid solution, stirring and fully dispersing, washing with water, drying, and mixing with nano silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 3;
s03: adding 5-10 parts of carbon nano tube complexing agent into 10-20 parts of sodium alginate solution, then adding 2-6 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate and 1-3 parts of silane coupling agent, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain carbon nano tube composite second liquid;
s04: and (3) fully stirring and mixing the carbon nanotube composite second liquid and the graphene first liquid according to the weight ratio of 1.
The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in the embodiment is 5-10%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 8-12%.
The silane coupling agent of the present example is a coupling agent KH560.
In the embodiment, the rotation speed of the S03 for stirring and mixing is 600-800r/min, and the stirring time is 20-30min.
The preparation method of the modified wollastonite in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s11: adding 5-10 parts of wollastonite into 35-45 parts of ethanol solvent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain wollastonite dispersion liquid;
s12: 4-8 parts of silica sol, 3-6 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and 10-15 parts of deionized water are stirred and mixed fully, added into wollastonite dispersion liquid, stirred for reaction treatment, washed and dried to obtain the modified wollastonite.
The rotation speed of the stirring reaction treatment in the embodiment is 300-350r/min, the stirring time is 20-30min, and the stirring temperature is 55-65 ℃.
The mass fraction of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution in this example is 10-15%.
In the third step of this embodiment, the rotation speed for stirring and mixing is 1000-1500r/min, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
The pressure of the compression molding of the embodiment is 15-20MPa, and the compression time is 20-30min.
Example 1.
The method for preparing the ceramic tile with the fine surface by taking the recycled waste as the raw material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: feeding the ceramic tile waste into 4 times of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 6% for stirring reaction treatment, wherein the stirring reaction temperature is 55 ℃, the stirring rotation speed is 350r/min, the stirring time is 20min, and after stirring, washing and drying;
step two: then adding the mixture into 5 times of a modifying treatment agent, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 400W, and performing ultrasonic treatment, washing and drying to obtain pretreated ceramic tile waste;
step three: adding 35 parts of the pretreated ceramic tile waste, 5 parts of mullite, 2 parts of calcined talc and 4 parts of modified wollastonite into a stirrer, and fully mixing to obtain a premix;
step four: then the ceramic tile is sent into a mould for compression molding, then is sintered for 1 hour at 1100 ℃, and then is polished and waxed to obtain the ceramic tile.
The preparation method of the modification treatment agent of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 10 parts of graphene into 20 parts of deionized water, then adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, then adding 1 part of chitosan and 0.2 part of lanthanum sulfate, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain a first graphene solution;
s02: adding the carbon nano tube into 2 times of nitric acid solution, stirring and fully dispersing, washing with water, drying, and mixing with nano silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 3;
s03: adding 5 parts of carbon nanotube complexing agent into 10 parts of sodium alginate solution, then adding 2 parts of sodium alkylsulfonate and 1 part of silane coupling agent, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain carbon nanotube composite second liquid;
s04: and (3) fully stirring and mixing the carbon nanotube composite second liquid and the graphene first liquid according to the weight ratio of 1.
The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in this example was 5%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 8%.
The silane coupling agent of the present example is a coupling agent KH560.
In the embodiment, the rotation speed for fully stirring and mixing S03 is 600r/min, and the stirring time is 20min.
The preparation method of the modified wollastonite in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s11: adding 5 parts of wollastonite into 35 parts of ethanol solvent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain wollastonite dispersion liquid;
s12: 4 parts of silica sol, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and 10 parts of deionized water are stirred and mixed fully, added into wollastonite dispersion liquid, stirred and reacted, washed and dried to obtain the modified wollastonite.
In the present example, the rotation speed of the stirring reaction treatment was 300r/min, the stirring time was 20min, and the stirring temperature was 55 ℃.
The mass fraction of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution in this example was 10%.
In the third step of this embodiment, the rotation speed for sufficient stirring and mixing is 1000r/min, and the stirring time is 30min.
The pressure for press molding in this example was 15MPa, and the pressing time was 20min.
Example 2.
The method for preparing the ceramic tile with the fine surface by taking the recycled waste as the raw material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding the ceramic tile waste into 8 times of 10% hydrochloric acid solution by mass, stirring and reacting at 65 ℃ for 30min at a stirring speed of 450r/min, and washing and drying after stirring;
step two: then adding the mixture into 9 times of a modifying treatment agent, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 500W, and performing water washing and drying after the ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated ceramic tile waste;
step three: adding 45 parts of the pretreated ceramic tile waste, 10 parts of mullite, 5 parts of calcined talc and 6 parts of modified wollastonite into a stirrer, and fully mixing to obtain a premix;
step four: then the ceramic tile is sent into a mould for compression molding, then is sintered for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and then is polished and waxed to obtain the ceramic tile.
The preparation method of the modifying treatment agent of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 15 parts of graphene into 30 parts of deionized water, then adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, then adding 5 parts of chitosan and 0.6 part of lanthanum sulfate, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain a first graphene solution;
s02: adding the carbon nano tube into 3 times of nitric acid solution, stirring and fully dispersing, washing with water, drying, and then mixing with nano silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 3;
s03: adding 10 parts of carbon nano tube complexing agent into 20 parts of sodium alginate solution, then adding 6 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate and 3 parts of silane coupling agent, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain carbon nano tube composite second liquid;
s04: and (3) fully stirring and mixing the carbon nanotube composite second liquid and the graphene first liquid according to the weight ratio of 1.
The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in this example was 10%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 12%.
The silane coupling agent of the present example is a coupling agent KH560.
In the embodiment, the rotation speed of the S03 for sufficient stirring and mixing is 800r/min, and the stirring time is 30min.
The preparation method of the modified wollastonite in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s11: adding 10 parts of wollastonite into 45 parts of ethanol solvent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain wollastonite dispersion liquid;
s12: and (3) stirring and mixing 8 parts of silica sol, 6 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and 15 parts of deionized water fully, adding the mixture into the wollastonite dispersion liquid, stirring for reaction treatment, washing with water, and drying to obtain the modified wollastonite.
In the present example, the rotation speed of the stirring reaction treatment was 350r/min, the stirring time was 30min, and the stirring temperature was 65 ℃.
The mass fraction of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution in this example was 15%.
In the third step of this example, the rotation speed for sufficient stirring and mixing is 1500r/min, and the stirring time is 40min.
The pressure for press molding in this example was 20MPa, and the pressing time was 30min.
Example 3.
The method for preparing the ceramic tile with the fine surface by taking the recycled waste as the raw material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding the ceramic tile waste into 6 times of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 8%, stirring and reacting at the temperature of 60 ℃, the stirring speed of 400r/min for 25min, and finishing stirring, washing and drying;
step two: then adding the mixture into 7 times of a modifying treatment agent, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 450W, and performing water washing and drying after the ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated ceramic tile waste;
step three: adding 40 parts of the pretreated ceramic tile waste, 7.5 parts of mullite, 3.5 parts of calcined talc and 5 parts of modified wollastonite into a stirrer, and fully mixing to obtain a premix;
step four: then the ceramic tile is sent into a mould for compression molding, then is sintered for 1.5 hours at 1150 ℃, and then is polished and waxed to obtain the ceramic tile.
The preparation method of the modifying treatment agent of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 12.5 parts of graphene into 25 parts of deionized water, then adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, then adding 3 parts of chitosan and 0.4 part of lanthanum sulfate, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a first graphene solution;
s02: adding the carbon nano tube into 2.5 times of nitric acid solution, stirring and dispersing fully, washing with water, drying, and mixing with nano silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 3;
s03: adding 7.5 parts of carbon nanotube complexing agent into 15 parts of sodium alginate solution, then adding 4 parts of sodium alkylsulfonate and 2 parts of silane coupling agent, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain carbon nanotube composite second liquid;
s04: and (3) fully stirring and mixing the carbon nanotube composite second liquid and the graphene first liquid according to the weight ratio of 1.
The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in this example was 7.5%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 10%.
The silane coupling agent of the present example is a coupling agent KH560.
In the present example, the rotation speed of the S03 for sufficient stirring and mixing is 700r/min, and the stirring time is 25min.
The preparation method of the modified wollastonite in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s11: adding 7.5 parts of wollastonite into 40 parts of ethanol solvent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain wollastonite dispersion liquid;
s12: and (3) stirring and mixing 6 parts of silica sol, 4.5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and 12.5 parts of deionized water fully, adding the mixture into wollastonite dispersion liquid, stirring for reaction treatment, washing with water, and drying to obtain the modified wollastonite.
The rotation speed of the stirring reaction treatment in this example was 320r/min, the stirring time was 25min, and the stirring temperature was 60 ℃.
The mass fraction of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution in this example was 12.5%.
In the third step of this embodiment, the rotation speed for sufficient stirring and mixing is 1250r/min, and the stirring time is 35min.
The pressure for press molding in this example was 17.5MPa, and the pressing time was 25min.
Comparative example 1.
Unlike example 3, no modifying treatment agent was added.
Comparative example 2.
The difference from example 3 is that no carbon nanotube complexing agent was added to the modifying treatment agent.
Comparative example 3.
The difference from example 3 is that no nano-silica is added to the carbon nanotube composite.
Comparative example 4.
The difference from example 3 is that no modified wollastonite was added.
Comparative example 5.
The difference from example 3 is that wollastonite was used instead of the modified wollastonite.
Comparative example 6.
The difference from example 3 is that no sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution is added in the modification of the modified wollastonite.
Comparative example 7.
In contrast to example 3, no calcined talc was added.
The results of measuring the properties of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are as follows
Figure 430447DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
From examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7, it can be seen that the product of example 3 of the present invention has excellent fine and smooth properties, and at the same time, the product of the present invention has excellent low thermal conductivity and does not feel cool;
it can be seen from comparative examples 1-3 that the thermal conductivity of the product without the addition of the modifying treatment agent is significantly improved, and the product is rough and not fine, and in addition, the carbon nanotube complexing agent is not added to the modifying treatment agent, and the nano-silica is not added to the carbon nanotube complexing agent, so that the thermal conductivity of the product is deteriorated;
compared with the comparative examples 4-7, the modified wollastonite has no addition, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the product tends to be poor, the modified wollastonite can generate a synergistic effect with the waste ceramic tile treated by the modifying treatment agent, the improvement effect of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the product is enhanced, the problem of cool touch of the product is solved, and the product is fine and smooth and has good performance.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing ceramic tiles with fine surfaces by taking recycled waste as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding the ceramic tile waste into 4-8 times of 6-10% hydrochloric acid solution by mass, stirring for reaction at 55-65 ℃ at a stirring speed of 350-450r/min for 20-30min, washing and drying after stirring;
step two: then adding the mixture into 5-9 times of a modifying treatment agent, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30min at the ultrasonic power of 400-500W, and performing water washing and drying after the ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated ceramic tile waste;
step three: adding 35-45 parts of pretreated ceramic tile waste, 5-10 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of calcined talc and 4-6 parts of modified wollastonite into a stirrer, and fully mixing to obtain a premix;
step four: then the ceramic tile is sent into a mould for compression molding, then is sintered for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of 1100 to 1200 ℃, and then is polished and waxed to obtain the ceramic tile.
2. The method for preparing a ceramic tile with a fine surface using the recycled waste as a raw material according to claim 1, wherein the modifying treatment agent is prepared by:
s01: adding 10-15 parts of graphene into 20-30 parts of deionized water, then adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 4.5, then adding 1-5 parts of chitosan and 0.2-0.6 part of lanthanum sulfate, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a first graphene solution;
s02: adding the carbon nano tube into 2-3 times of nitric acid solution, stirring and dispersing fully, washing with water, drying, and mixing with nano silicon dioxide according to the weight ratio of 3;
s03: adding 5-10 parts of carbon nano tube complexing agent into 10-20 parts of sodium alginate solution, then adding 2-6 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate and 1-3 parts of silane coupling agent, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain carbon nano tube composite second liquid;
s04: and (3) fully stirring and mixing the carbon nanotube composite second liquid and the graphene first liquid according to the weight ratio of 1.
3. The method for preparing the ceramic tile with the fine surface by taking the recycled waste as the raw material according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution is 5-10%; the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 8-12%.
4. The method for manufacturing a ceramic tile with a fine surface using the recycled waste as a raw material according to claim 2, wherein the silane coupling agent is a coupling agent KH560.
5. The method for preparing tiles with fine surfaces by using the recycled waste as the raw material according to claim 2, wherein the rotation speed of the S03 stirring and mixing is 600-800r/min, and the stirring time is 20-30min.
6. The method for preparing tiles with fine surfaces by using the recycled waste as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the modified wollastonite comprises the following steps:
s11: adding 5-10 parts of wollastonite into 35-45 parts of ethanol solvent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain wollastonite dispersion liquid;
s12: 4-8 parts of silica sol, 3-6 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and 10-15 parts of deionized water are stirred and mixed fully, added into wollastonite dispersion liquid, stirred and reacted, washed and dried to obtain the modified wollastonite.
7. The method for preparing fine surface tiles from recycled waste as a raw material according to claim 6, wherein the stirring reaction treatment is performed at a rotation speed of 300-350r/min, a stirring time of 20-30min and a stirring temperature of 55-65 ℃.
8. The method for preparing tiles with fine surfaces by using the recycled waste as the raw material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution is 10-15%.
9. The method for preparing tiles with fine surfaces by using the recycled waste as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed for sufficient stirring and mixing in the third step is 1000-1500r/min, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
10. The method for preparing tiles with fine surfaces by using the recycled waste as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the press forming is 15-20MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30min.
CN202210999814.5A 2022-08-19 2022-08-19 Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material Active CN115180923B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210999814.5A CN115180923B (en) 2022-08-19 2022-08-19 Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210999814.5A CN115180923B (en) 2022-08-19 2022-08-19 Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115180923A true CN115180923A (en) 2022-10-14
CN115180923B CN115180923B (en) 2023-03-31

Family

ID=83522759

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210999814.5A Active CN115180923B (en) 2022-08-19 2022-08-19 Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115180923B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115975400A (en) * 2022-12-07 2023-04-18 吉安豫顺新材料有限公司 Ball-milling modification method for silicate filler for PCB
CN116161946A (en) * 2022-12-28 2023-05-26 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 Method for preparing ceramic tile with antifouling effect by taking recycled waste as raw material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015086345A (en) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-07 堺化学工業株式会社 Hydrophobic stress light-emitting material, method of producing hydrophobic stress light-emitting material, stress light-emitting coating composition, resin composition and stress light-emitting body
CN105273556A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-01-27 桂林市和鑫防水装饰材料有限公司 Preparation method of polyacrylate/nano silicon dioxide composite emulsion coating material
CN111410424A (en) * 2020-04-25 2020-07-14 福建省德化县合和陶瓷技术开发有限公司 Domestic ceramic product not prone to being stained and preparation method thereof
CN113307604A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-08-27 东莞市唯美陶瓷工业园有限公司 Preparation method of dark granite ceramic tile and dark granite ceramic tile
CN114644515A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-06-21 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 High-color-rendering-permeability fine matte ceramic tile and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015086345A (en) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-07 堺化学工業株式会社 Hydrophobic stress light-emitting material, method of producing hydrophobic stress light-emitting material, stress light-emitting coating composition, resin composition and stress light-emitting body
CN105273556A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-01-27 桂林市和鑫防水装饰材料有限公司 Preparation method of polyacrylate/nano silicon dioxide composite emulsion coating material
CN111410424A (en) * 2020-04-25 2020-07-14 福建省德化县合和陶瓷技术开发有限公司 Domestic ceramic product not prone to being stained and preparation method thereof
CN113307604A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-08-27 东莞市唯美陶瓷工业园有限公司 Preparation method of dark granite ceramic tile and dark granite ceramic tile
CN114644515A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-06-21 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 High-color-rendering-permeability fine matte ceramic tile and preparation method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115975400A (en) * 2022-12-07 2023-04-18 吉安豫顺新材料有限公司 Ball-milling modification method for silicate filler for PCB
CN116161946A (en) * 2022-12-28 2023-05-26 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 Method for preparing ceramic tile with antifouling effect by taking recycled waste as raw material
CN116161946B (en) * 2022-12-28 2023-12-15 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 Method for preparing ceramic tile with antifouling effect by taking recycled waste as raw material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115180923B (en) 2023-03-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN115180923B (en) Method for preparing ceramic tile with fine surface by taking recycled waste as raw material
CN102515767B (en) Method for preparing silicon carbide-aluminum nitride (SiC-AlN) solid solution ceramic powder
CN106673553B (en) A kind of low cost ceramic tile adhesive and preparation method thereof
CN110745827B (en) Preparation method of two-dimensional flaky SiC material
CN112573874A (en) Preparation method of high-strength self-compacting concrete
CN112430001A (en) Artificial granite waste residue based cement mortar reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof
CN117342832B (en) Water stable layer material based on recycled aggregate and preparation method thereof
CN116143461B (en) C50 self-compaction shrinkage-compensating concrete and preparation method thereof
CN114988899B (en) Ceramic sheet capable of releasing anions
CN111647115A (en) Polycarboxylate superplasticizer mother liquor and preparation method thereof, and polycarboxylate superplasticizer and preparation method thereof
CN114644515B (en) High-color-rendering-permeability fine matte ceramic tile and preparation method thereof
CN113968695B (en) Method for manufacturing viscosity-reducing dispersive concrete
CN115070939A (en) Preparation method of dry-mixed mortar
CN115093752A (en) Metal ink for ceramic tiles
CN114230271A (en) Masonry mortar and preparation method thereof
CN107128925A (en) A kind of method that non-hydrolytic sol-gel combination carbothermic method prepares SiC powder
CN113773110A (en) Preparation method of carbon nano tube/leucite porous ceramic composite material converted from alkali-activated fly ash
CN115677368B (en) Method for preparing high-strength ceramic tile by taking recycled waste as raw material
CN116874225B (en) Glue-reducing type concrete water reducer and preparation method and application thereof
CN117362077B (en) Antifouling Yi Jiechao wear-resistant rock plate and preparation method thereof
CN116283041B (en) Building composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN117342821A (en) Magnetized graphene-nano silicate gel and preparation method thereof
CN116621498A (en) Preparation method of graphene powder capable of being redispersed in 3D printing material
CN116409978B (en) Preparation of environment-friendly autoclaved aerated concrete block
CN110937841A (en) Terrazzo with high bending strength

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant