CN115178697B - Heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming - Google Patents
Heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN115178697B CN115178697B CN202210815066.0A CN202210815066A CN115178697B CN 115178697 B CN115178697 B CN 115178697B CN 202210815066 A CN202210815066 A CN 202210815066A CN 115178697 B CN115178697 B CN 115178697B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
- H05B6/08—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power using compensating or balancing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
- H05B6/40—Establishing desired heat distribution, e.g. to heat particular parts of workpieces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming, which comprises the following steps: preparing a mixed material blank, processing a steel material into a steel sleeve shell, processing an aluminum material into an aluminum inner core, sleeving the steel sleeve shell outside the aluminum inner core in a cold state for assembly, and keeping a certain air gap between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core; and placing the assembled mixed material blank in the central position of a lower die of a press machine, sleeving an induction heating coil on the steel sleeve shell, controlling the induction heating coil to heat the steel sleeve shell by adopting an equal-expansion balance heating method, and carrying out radiation heating on the aluminum inner core in a radiation conduction mode of the steel sleeve shell under the limitation of electromagnetic shielding of the steel sleeve shell. Due to the presence of the air gap, contact conduction heating is avoided, and the aluminum inner core is almost completely heated by surface radiation of the steel jacket shell. The aluminum can not melt when the steel reaches the initial forging temperature, so that the steel and aluminum materials can obtain respective optimal initial forging temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing processes, in particular to a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming.
Background
At present, lightweight materials are adopted to replace original part materials, and the lightweight materials become one of main measures for lightweight design and manufacture, and the lightweight materials are adopted to replace steel, so that the weight of vehicles, aerospace machinery and power transmission and transformation hardware fittings can be reduced to a great extent. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good plasticity and the like, and the density of the aluminum alloy is only about 30 percent of that of steel, so that the aluminum alloy is used as a replacement steel for body parts of new energy automobiles to reduce the weight of the body.
Gears and toothed pulleys are one of basic core parts in transmission machinery. Because of the large bearing torque and load, steel is generally used for manufacturing. Because the steel density is higher, the rotational inertia of the gear and the toothed belt pulley is also higher, and the light weight and the improvement of the agility of a transmission system are hindered. Therefore, technicians want to use aluminum alloy instead of steel to manufacture rotary transmission parts, but the technical indexes of the contact fatigue strength of the gear pair cannot be met, because the damage of the tooth surface is the main failure mode of the gear. In order to reduce the weight of the gear and reduce the strength of the gear, a technician manufactures the gear by using two metals, wherein the gear teeth which are engaged with each other are made of steel, and the supporting parts except the gear teeth are made of aluminum alloy materials. The bimetal gear manufactured in this way can meet the requirements for light weight and strength of the gear at the same time.
The steel-aluminum mixed (Hybrid) forging is to assemble a steel piece and an aluminum piece into a blank and carry out cold forging or hot forging forming, and aims to realize the advantage complementation of specific materials so as to meet the mechanical property requirement of parts. The aluminum core is used as an internal material, the outer layer of the aluminum core is used as a steel shell, the aluminum core is called as a steel-aluminum mixed blank, and forging and combination of different materials are realized through heating. The heating improves the plastic forming capability of the steel shell, and simultaneously, the problems of melting of the aluminum core and how to control different shrinkage amounts of different materials are avoided.
The conventional heating furnace radiation heating method cannot be controlled to ensure that the steel shell and the aluminum core respectively reach respective initial forging temperatures, and the problem of how to control different shrinkage amounts of different materials cannot be solved. Therefore, a heating method is urgently needed to be developed, the steel shell and the aluminum core can respectively reach the required initial forging temperature, and the key for realizing the forging forming of the mixed material is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming, which heats an aluminum inner core by utilizing the radiant heat of a steel sleeve shell and adopts gradient temperature distribution to realize that aluminum cannot be melted when steel reaches the initial forging temperature, so that steel-aluminum materials all obtain respective optimal initial forging temperature, and the equivalent expansion or equivalent contraction of the two materials of steel and aluminum can be achieved, thereby meeting the forging heating process requirements of mixed material blanks.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a mixed material blank, processing a steel material into a steel sleeve shell, processing an aluminum material into an aluminum inner core, sleeving the steel sleeve shell outside the aluminum inner core in a cold state, and assembling to keep a certain air gap between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core;
s2, placing the assembled mixed material blank in the central position of a lower die of a press machine, sleeving an induction heating coil on a steel sleeve shell, controlling the induction heating coil to heat the steel sleeve shell by adopting an equal-expansion-amount balanced heating method, wherein the induction heating coil is limited by electromagnetic shielding of the steel sleeve shell, the energy received by an aluminum inner core through induction heating is lower, the temperature rise rate of the steel sleeve shell is far higher than that of the aluminum inner core, the temperature difference between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core is larger, and the radiation conduction mode of the steel sleeve shell is mainly used for raising the temperature of the aluminum inner core;
s3, the equal expansion amount balance heating method comprises the following steps:
step S31, calculating and deducing a temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core through experimental data to obtain the temperature range of the forging forming of the steel sleeve shell under the condition that the aluminum inner core is not melted, and calculating to obtain the corresponding heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core to obtain the forming temperature range of the preliminarily selected mixed material blank and the constraint condition of a process window:
step S32, processing a linear relation curve of thermal expansion of the steel material of the steel sleeve shell and a linear relation curve of thermal expansion of the aluminum material of the aluminum inner core to obtain a corresponding curve of equal thermal expansion relation of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same expansion value;
step S33, on the basis of preliminarily selecting the forming temperature range of the mixed material blank and the constraint condition of the process window, selecting the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core according to the corresponding curve of the equal thermal expansion relation of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same expansion value;
and S4, monitoring the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core in real time, stopping heating when the temperature of the steel sleeve shell reaches a set temperature, removing the induction heating coil, returning, pressing down by a press slide block, forming a mixed material blank in a die, welding a steel-aluminum joint surface at high temperature and pressure, removing the die after welding, forming the mixed material blank without deforming, and cooling to obtain a steel-aluminum mixed forging-pressing formed part.
Further preferably, the calculation formula of the temperature function relationship between the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core is as follows:
Ta＝a 1 ×Ts 6 +a 2 ×Ts 5 +a 3 ×Ts 4 +a 4 ×Ts 3 +a 5 ×Ts 2 +a 6 ×Ts+a 7 wherein a is 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,a 4 ,a 5 ,a 6 ,a 7 Ta is the temperature of the aluminum inner core and Ts is the temperature of the steel jacket shell.
Further preferably, the parameter a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,a 4 ,a 5 ,a 6 ,a 7 A cubic polynomial of the sheet thickness S is as follows:
a 1 ＝-1.6901E-14×S 3 +1.2676E-13×S 2 +0×S-2.2817E-13；
a 2 ＝6.4789E-11×S 3 -4.6092E-10×S 2 +0×S+8.6840E-10；
a 3 ＝-1.4648E-07×S 3 +9.9859E-07×S 2 +0×S-1.9525E-06；
a 4 ＝1.8028E-04×S 3 -0.0011×S 2 +0×S+0.0020；
a 5 ＝-0.0941S 3 +0.5361×S 2 +0×S-1.0136；
a 6 ＝23.9044×S 3 -136.0075×S 2 +0×S+264.3604；
a 7 ＝-2.4715E+03×S 3 +1.4064E+04×S 2 +0×S-2.7997E+04；
wherein, the parameter S is the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell, and the parameter E is an engineering parameter.
Further preferably, when the gap a =0.5mm and the plate thickness S =1.5/2.5/3.5mm, the temperature function of the heating temperature of the steel jacket and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum core is calculated by the formula:
wherein, ta3.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core of the mixture with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell of 3.5mm, ta2.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core of the mixture with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell of 2.5mm, ta1.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core of the mixture with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell of 1.5mm, ts is the temperature of the steel sleeve shell, and E is an engineering parameter.
Preferably, in the cooling process, the cooling temperatures of the steel jacket shell and the aluminum inner core are controlled by an equal shrinkage cooling method, the optimal cooling temperature range of the steel jacket shell and the optimal cooling temperature range of the aluminum inner core are selected according to the equal shrinkage relation corresponding curve of the steel jacket shell and the aluminum inner core under the same cooling shrinkage value, the optimal cooling rate is calculated, and linear shrinkage is kept.
Further preferably, when the steel jacket shell is made of a TS4CrNi18 steel material and the aluminum inner core is made of a 6061 aluminum material, the optimal heating temperature range of the steel jacket shell is as follows: 973-1010 ℃; the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core is 352-455 ℃.
Further preferably, the wall thickness of the steel jacket shell is less than 5mm.
The invention also provides a device applied to a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming, which comprises a steel sleeve shell, an aluminum inner core, a steel temperature detection device, an aluminum temperature detection device, an induction heating coil, a control system and a press machine, wherein the steel sleeve shell is sleeved outside the aluminum inner core for assembly, a certain air gap is kept between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core, the steel temperature detection device is used for detecting the real-time heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell, the aluminum temperature detection device is used for detecting the real-time temperature of the aluminum inner core, the induction heating coil is sleeved on the steel sleeve shell, the control system adopts an equal expansion amount balanced heating method to control the induction heating coil to heat the steel sleeve shell, then utilizes the skin effect of electromagnetic induction to heat the aluminum inner core, and the press machine is used for forging forming the heated mixed material blank.
Further preferably, the steel temperature detection device monitors the temperature by using a contact thermocouple, and the aluminum temperature detection device monitors the temperature by using an infrared heat sensor.
Preferably, the steel sleeve shell is cylindrical, and the aluminum inner core is cylindrical.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes that the induction heating of the steel sleeve shell reaches the initial forging temperature of steel through a structure that a certain gap is reserved between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core, the preset gap prevents the contact heat conduction of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core, the heating source of the aluminum inner core mainly comes from the radiation of the steel sleeve shell, the initial forging temperature and the heating time of the aluminum inner core to the aluminum material can be controlled through different gap settings, and the balanced heating method optimally meets the forming temperature of steel and simultaneously avoids the melting temperature of aluminum.
2. Without an air gap, the required temperature difference between the aluminum core and the steel shell cannot be achieved. In view of the deformability of the material and the melting temperature of the aluminum, shrinkage gaps must also be avoided. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of steel and aluminum, shrinkage may occur during cooling to change the gap. Therefore, the air gap is arranged between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core, contact conduction heating is avoided due to the air gap, and the aluminum inner core is almost completely heated through surface radiation of the steel sleeve shell. Because radiation heating replaces contact conduction heating, the heating rate of the aluminum is reduced, and the temperature distribution of the whole aluminum inner core is almost in a uniform state.
3. The invention can selectively realize the heating of different temperature gradient changes of symmetrical parts with geometric structures through the structural design of the blank and the special process for controlling the induction heating of the mixed material blank, establishes the heating rule for realizing the forging process requirement of the mixed material, obtains the temperature range of the forging forming of the steel sleeve shell under the condition that the aluminum inner core is not melted, and obtains the corresponding heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core through calculation, thereby obtaining the constraint condition of preliminarily selecting the forming temperature range and the process window of the mixed material blank.
4. The invention processes the linear relation curve of the thermal expansion of the steel material of the steel sleeve shell and the linear relation curve of the thermal expansion of the aluminum material of the aluminum inner core, selects the intersection point of the heating temperatures of the steel and the aluminum on the oblique line through a thermal expansion coefficient process window established based on the experimental data of the thermal expansion of the materials, ensures the node for controlling the synchronous expansion amount of the steel and the aluminum materials in the heating process, obtains the corresponding curve of the equal thermal expansion relation of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same expansion amount value, and then obtains the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core under the constraint condition of primarily selecting the forming temperature range and the process window of the mixed material blank.
5. The invention is opposite to the gap control required by heating, and the cooling rate also needs to be controlled in the forming and cooling process, namely the gaps of the forged piece product are eliminated by controlling the cooling shrinkage of the forged piece, in order to prevent the occurrence of the gaps in the cooling process, a corresponding linear relation needs to be selected in a defined process window to ensure that the thermal expansion amounts of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core are equal, so the heating process specification considers a proper initial forging temperature, controls the cooling temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core by an equal shrinkage cooling method, selects an optimal cooling temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and an optimal cooling temperature range of the aluminum inner core according to an equal shrinkage relation corresponding curve of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same cooling shrinkage value, calculates the optimal cooling rate, and keeps linear shrinkage, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the gaps of the forged piece product.
6. The invention obtains the following through experimental data: because the air gap between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core is small, the temperature difference between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core in the heating process is mainly radiation conduction. At a given steel jacket shell temperature, the temperature change of the aluminum core is almost linear as the wall thickness of the steel jacket shell increases. However, as the initial heating temperature increases, the temperature of the aluminum core increases more rapidly than that at a lower temperature, mainly the radiation conduction rate increases after the radiation temperature difference increases. As the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell increases, the increase of the wall thickness and the temperature rise rate form a nonlinear relation, so that the heating design and control are more complicated, and therefore, the range of the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell is designed to be less than 5mm, and the range can meet the requirements.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of an induction heating coil of the present invention with a hybrid material billet;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the temperature gradient of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the temperature effect of different heating temperatures on an aluminum core for steel jacket shells of different wall thicknesses of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the steel and aluminum of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an assembled hybrid material blank of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a heated hybrid material blank of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a forged part of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a steel jacket shell; 2. an aluminum inner core; 3. an air gap; 4. an induction heating coil; s1, contacting a thermocouple; s2, an infrared heat sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1-8, the present invention provides a technical solution: a heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a mixed material blank, processing a steel material into a steel sleeve shell 1, processing an aluminum material into an aluminum inner core 2, processing the steel sleeve shell 1 into a cylindrical shape, and processing the aluminum inner core 2 into a cylindrical shape.
In a cold state, the steel sleeve shell 1 is sleeved outside the aluminum inner core 2 for assembly, a certain air gap 3 is kept between the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2, the preset gap 3 prevents the contact heat conduction of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2, the heating source of the aluminum inner core 2 mainly comes from the radiation of the steel sleeve shell 1, the aluminum inner core 2 can be controlled to reach the initial forging temperature and the heating time of the aluminum material through different gap settings, and the balanced heating method is a balanced heating method which optimizes the forming temperature of steel and avoids the melting temperature of aluminum.
For a hybrid billet of cylindrical geometry, the temperature gradient is directed towards the center of the hybrid billet due to the outer layer being at a higher temperature than the inner layer. The key technology is to determine the geometric dimension relation of the steel jacket shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2, and the main parameters are the thickness S of the steel jacket shell 1, the air gap a and the radius R of the mixed material blank (actually, the outer radius of the steel jacket shell 1). Under the specific induction heating frequency and the electromagnetic induction intensity, the proper mixed forming metal temperature and expansion rate are obtained.
Without the air gap 3, the required temperature difference between the aluminum inner core 2 and the steel jacket shell 1 cannot be achieved. The shrinkage gap must also be avoided in view of the deformability of the material and the melting temperature of the aluminium. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of steel and aluminum, shrinkage may occur during cooling to change the gap.
Due to the presence of the air gap 3, contact conduction heating is avoided, and the aluminum inner core 2 is almost completely heated by surface radiation of the hot steel jacket shell 1. Since radiation heating replaces contact conduction heating, the heating rate of the aluminum is reduced, and the temperature distribution of the whole aluminum inner core 2 is almost in a uniform state.
Step S2, as shown in figure 2, the assembled mixed material blank is placed in the center of a lower die of a press machine, then an induction heating coil 4 is sleeved on a steel sleeve shell 1, the induction heating coil 4 is controlled to heat the steel sleeve shell 1 by adopting an equal expansion balance heating method and is limited by electromagnetic shielding of the steel sleeve shell 1, the energy received by the aluminum inner core 2 through induction heating is lower, the temperature rise rate of the steel sleeve shell 1 is far higher than that of the aluminum inner core 2, the temperature difference between the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 is larger, and the radiation conduction mode of the steel sleeve shell 1 is mainly used, so that the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 rises.
Step S3, the equal expansion amount balance heating method comprises the following steps:
step S31, calculating and deriving a temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum core 2 according to experimental data (fig. 3 and 4 are experimental data according to the present invention), obtaining a temperature range for forging and forming the steel sleeve shell 1 under the condition that the aluminum core 2 is not melted, and calculating to obtain a corresponding heating temperature range of the aluminum core 2, thus obtaining a forming temperature range of a preliminarily selected mixed material blank and a constraint condition of a process window.
The temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core is as follows:
Ta＝a 1 ×Ts 6 +a 2 ×Ts 5 +a 3 ×Ts 4 +a 4 ×Ts 3 +a 5 ×Ts 2 +a 6 ×Ts+a 7 ， (1)；
wherein a is 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,a 4 ,a 5 ,a 6 ,a 7 Ta is the temperature of the aluminum inner core and Ts is the temperature of the steel jacket shell.
Further preferably, the parameter a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,a 4 ,a 5 ,a 6 ,a 7 A cubic polynomial of the sheet thickness S is specifically as follows:
a 1 ＝-1.6901E-14×S 3 +1.2676E-13×S 2 +0×S-2.2817E-13， (2)；
a 2 ＝6.4789E-11×S 3 -4.6092E-10×S 2 +0×S+8.6840E-10， (3)；
a 3 ＝-1.4648E-07×S 3 +9.9859E-07×S 2 +0×S-1.9525E-06， (4)；
a 4 ＝1.8028E-04×S 3 -0.0011×S 2 +0×S+0.0020， (5)；
a 5 ＝-0.0941S 3 +0.5361×S 2 +0×S-1.0136， (6)；
a 6 ＝23.9044×S 3 -136.0075×S 2 +0×S+264.3604， (7)；
a 7 ＝-2.4715E+03×S 3 +1.4064E+04×S 2 +0×S-2.7997E+04， (8)；
wherein, the parameter S is the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell, and the parameter E is an engineering parameter.
The induction heating temperature of the steel jacket shell 1 is higher than that of the aluminum inner core 2, and the temperature reached after the heating of the steel jacket shell 1 is controlled, and depends on the frequency, the current density and the heating time of the induction heating. The temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 can be easily obtained through a temperature measuring sensor, and the temperature of the inner wall of the steel shell can be accurately calculated according to the temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1. Because the thickness of the steel jacket shell 1 is not large (generally less than 5 mm), and the temperature difference between the inner wall and the outer wall of the steel jacket shell 1 is very small, the temperature value of the outer wall can also be used as the temperature value for the radiation heating of the aluminum inner core 2.
The electromagnetic coupling optimization of the induction heating coil 4 and the steel sleeve shell 1 is a first condition, an induction current control strategy is designed, the efficient temperature rise of the steel sleeve shell 1 is realized, the radiation heating of the aluminum inner core 2 is realized, the balance point of the lowest forming temperature of steel and the non-melting forming temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 is reached, and the heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming is realized. Experimental data referring to fig. 3: the parameters of the mixed material blank are as follows: the change curve of the temperature gradient of the steel and the aluminum under the conditions that the radius R =15mm, the length is 50mm, the wall thickness S of the steel sleeve shell and the gap a =0.5mm is shown in figure 3. Wherein: the steel jacket shell wall thickness of curve 1S =1.5mm, and the air gap a =0.5mm; the steel jacket shell wall thickness of curve 2S =2.5mm, and the air gap a =0.5mm; the steel jacket wall thickness S =3.5mm and the air gap a =0.5mm for curve 3.
Experimental data referring to fig. 4, the effect of different heating temperatures (400 ℃,700 ℃,900 ℃ and 1000 ℃) of the steel jacket shell 1 on the temperature of the aluminum core 2 under fixed air gap 3 conditions is shown for different steel jacket shell 1 wall thicknesses S. Because the clearance between the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 is small, the temperature difference between the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 in the heating process is mainly radiation conduction. At a certain steel jacket shell 1 temperature, the temperature change of the aluminum core 2 is almost linear as the wall thickness S of the steel jacket shell 1 increases. However, as the initial heating temperature increases, the temperature of the aluminum core 2 increases faster than that at lower temperatures, mainly because the radiation conduction rate increases after the radiation temperature difference increases. With the increase of the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell 1, the increase of the wall thickness S and the temperature rise rate form a nonlinear relation, so that the heating design and control are more complicated, the wall thickness of the applicable steel sleeve shell 1 is limited, and the range of the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell is designed to be less than 5mm, and the range can meet the requirements.
The invention uses the experimental data for judging the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2, and obtains the temperature of the steel jacket shell 1 and the corresponding temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 under the parameters of certain blank geometric dimension and air gap, taking the air gap a =0.5mm as an example:
1) When the wall thickness S =3.5mm of the steel sleeve shell 1, the temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 is as follows: ta3.5=6E-13Ts 6 -2E-09Ts 5 +4E-06Ts 4 -0.0032Ts 3 +1.5168Ts 2 -376.83Ts +38326, (9); wherein, ta3.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 of the mixed material with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell 1 of 3.5mm, and Ts is the temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1.
2) When the wall thickness S =2.5mm of the steel sleeve shell 1, the steel sleeve is out of the steel sleeveThe calculation formula of the temperature function relationship between the heating temperature of the shell 1 and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum core 2 is as follows: ta2.5=3E-13Ts 6 -1E-09Ts 5 +2E-06Ts 4 -0.0018Ts 3 +0.8658Ts 2 212.18Ts +21288, (10); wherein, ta2.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 of the mixed material with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell 1 of 2.5mm, and Ts is the temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1.
3) When the wall thickness S =1.5mm of the steel sleeve shell 1, the temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 is as follows: ta1.5=5E-11Ts 5 -2E-07Ts 4 +0.0002Ts 3 -0.1252Ts 2 +39.021Ts-4693.5, (11); wherein, ta1.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 of the mixture with the wall thickness of 1.5mm of the steel sleeve shell 1, and Ts is the temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1.
In summary, when the gap a =0.5mm and the sheet thickness S =1.5/2.5/3.5mm, the temperature function calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel jacket shell 1 and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum core 2 can be further expressed in a unified manner as follows:
(12) (ii) a Under the known conditions of the known steel outer sleeve wall thickness S, the known air gap a and the known mixture rod outer radius R, the temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 can be calculated according to the steel-aluminum conduction function equation, and the minimum heating temperature of the steel can be reversely calculated according to the upper temperature limit of the aluminum inner core 2.
Step S32, processing the linear relationship curve of the thermal expansion of the steel material of the steel jacket shell 1 and the linear relationship curve of the thermal expansion of the aluminum material of the aluminum inner core 2 to obtain a corresponding curve of the equal thermal expansion relationship between the steel jacket shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 under the same expansion value.
Step S33, on the basis of preliminarily selecting the forming temperature range of the mixed material blank and the constraint condition of the process window, selecting the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core 2 according to the corresponding curve of the equal thermal expansion relation of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 under the same expansion value;
fig. 5 is a graph showing a linear relationship of simultaneous heating for maintaining the gap between the steel jacket shell 1 and the aluminum core 2, which is established according to the thermal expansion coefficients of steel and aluminum. In order to keep the comprehensive balance of the forming temperature of the steel and avoid the melting temperature of the aluminum, the process window determined by the heating and the equal expansion amount control is further comprehensively considered after the selection of the initial temperature. The horizontal scale is the temperature of the steel and the vertical scale is the temperature of the aluminum, tmin, S and Tmin, a composition is the lowest temperature window limit for steel and aluminum. Tmax, S and Tmax, A, are the maximum process temperature limits possible. The linear relation of synchronous expansion heating is different according to the thermal expansion coefficients of different steel and aluminum, and the heating stability can be ensured as long as window parameters are reasonably set.
And selecting an intersection point of the heating temperatures of the steel and the aluminum on an oblique line based on a thermal expansion coefficient process window established by material thermal expansion experimental data, wherein the intersection point is a node for ensuring that the expansion amount of the steel aluminum material is controlled to be synchronous in the heating process. Such selection is a compromise between formability and the condition of maintaining the necessary gap. In the forging forming process, the temperature of the joint surface (pressure welding surface) after the steel and aluminum are deformed is basically the same, but the temperature gradient difference still exists, the temperature from the joint surface to the center of the aluminum core is lower and lower, and the average temperature is still lower than that of the steel shell according to the volume of the total aluminum core. Since the thermal expansion of steel is higher than that of aluminum and the shrinkage of steel is also larger than that of aluminum, unnecessary cooling shrinkage gaps can be completely avoided.
The invention also limits the lowest forming temperature and the highest melting temperature of the aluminum core of the steel shell under the constraint condition of preliminarily selecting the forming temperature range and the process window of the mixed material blank. The constraint condition of the process window is more reasonable, the parameter is prevented from deviating from the process window, and the condition that the linear relation of synchronous temperature rise is damaged to damage the existence of the gap which needs to be kept can be avoided while the optimal formability is obtained. In the forming and cooling process, linear shrinkage can be kept by controlling the cooling rate, and the cooling shrinkage gap of the forging is avoided.
The steel jacket shell is expanded by the annular pitch diameter, with the outer diameter expanding more than inwardly, with the result that the inner diameter also expands more, but less than the outer diameter. And the aluminum inner core is a solid body, and only the outer diameter expands. The key point is to control the expansion ratio of the inner diameter of the steel sleeve shell to the outer diameter of the aluminum inner core to change from the initially set gap a to a'. During heating, the reduction of the gap increases the radiation transmission efficiency, but the reduction of the temperature difference also decreases the radiation transmission, which is a dynamic balance. The heating process begins when the temperature of the steel sleeve shell is higher than that of the aluminum inner core, the temperature difference between the steel and the aluminum is reduced when the heating is finished, and the clearance a is close to 0 after the induction heating is stopped and the balance temperature is reached.
The invention is obtained through the steps S31-S33, when the steel sleeve housing TS4CrNi18 steel material and the aluminum inner core adopt 6061 aluminum material, the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve housing is as follows: 973-1010 ℃; the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core is 352-455 ℃.
And S4, monitoring the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 in real time, stopping heating when the temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 reaches a set temperature, removing the induction heating coil 4 to return, pressing down the press slide block, forming a mixed material blank in a die, welding a steel-aluminum joint surface at high temperature and pressure, removing the die after welding, forming the mixed material blank without deforming, and cooling to obtain a steel-aluminum mixed forging-pressing formed part.
Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of steel and aluminum, shrinkage gaps may be formed during cooling, which may prevent the steel and aluminum from being bonded (welded or metallurgically bonded) during the later forging forming process to form product defects. In order to prevent the occurrence of these gaps during cooling, the invention selects a corresponding linear relationship in a defined process window to ensure that the thermal expansion amounts of the steel sleeve and the aluminum core are equal, and the heating process specification considers the proper initial forging temperature and synchronously changes the relatively constant heating rate and the average temperature of the material.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: in the cooling process, the cooling temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the cooling temperature of the aluminum inner core 2 are controlled by an equal shrinkage cooling method, the optimal cooling temperature range of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the optimal cooling temperature range of the aluminum inner core 2 are selected according to the equal shrinkage relation corresponding curve of the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2 under the same cooling shrinkage value, (such as a thermal expansion coefficient curve chart of steel and aluminum shown in figure 5) and the optimal cooling rate is calculated, the overlarge gap is avoided under the condition of keeping linear shrinkage, and the stability of the formed welding quality is ensured.
The invention also provides a device applied to the heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming, which comprises a steel sleeve shell 1, an aluminum inner core 2, a steel temperature detection device, an aluminum temperature detection device, an induction heating coil 4, a control system and a press machine, wherein the steel sleeve shell 1 is sleeved outside the aluminum inner core 2 for assembly, a certain air gap 3 is kept between the steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2, the steel temperature detection device is used for detecting the real-time heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1, the aluminum temperature detection device is used for detecting the real-time temperature of the aluminum inner core 2, the induction heating coil 4 is sleeved on the steel sleeve shell 1, the control system adopts an equal expansion amount balanced heating method to control the induction heating coil 4 to heat the steel sleeve shell 1, then the aluminum inner core 2 is heated by utilizing the skin effect of electromagnetic induction, and the press machine is used for forging forming the heated mixed material blank. The steel temperature detection device adopts a contact thermocouple to monitor the temperature S1, and the aluminum temperature detection device adopts an infrared heat sensor S2 to monitor the temperature.
The implementation process comprises the following steps: firstly, processing a steel material into a steel sleeve shell, processing an aluminum material into an aluminum inner core, then sleeving the steel sleeve shell outside the aluminum inner core for assembly, keeping a certain air gap between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core, then placing an assembled mixed material blank in the central position of a lower die of a press, then sleeving an induction heating coil on the steel sleeve shell through a control system, then calculating and deducing a temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core through experimental data to obtain a temperature range of forging and forming of the steel sleeve shell under the condition that the aluminum inner core is not melted, calculating to obtain a corresponding heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core, then obtaining a corresponding curve of the isothermal expansion relation between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same expansion value through a thermal expansion linear relation curve of the steel material and the aluminum material, then selecting the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core, then controlling the induction heating coil to heat the steel sleeve shell, removing the heating coil, controlling the sliding block to be forged and formed under the high-temperature mixed material under the high-temperature press, and the aluminum pressing, and the mixed material under the high-temperature press.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
(1) A blank for a hybrid material molded part is composed of an aluminum alloy (6061) and stainless steel (TS 4CrNi 18). The selected steel has stronger wear resistance and tempering stability. The blank length is 50mm, the outer diameter is 30mm, the wall thickness S of the steel jacket shell 1 is =2.5mm, and the air gap a =0.5mm. Assembling the processed steel sleeve shell 1 and the aluminum inner core 2, controlling the air gap 3 to be uniform, and placing the assembled mixed material blank at the central position of a lower die of a press machine, as shown in figure 6.
(2) From FIG. 3, the temperature dependence of steel and aluminum (Ta2.5 =3E-13 Ts) can be obtained 6 -1E-09Ts 5 +2E-06Ts 4 -0.0018Ts 3 +0.8658Ts 2 -212.18Ts + 21288), the wall thickness S =2.5mm of the steel sleeve shell 1 can be obtained, and the forging forming temperature Ts = 1000-1015 ℃ of the steel sleeve shell 1 is selected under the condition that the aluminum inner core 2 is not melted, and the temperature Ta = 431-474 ℃ of the aluminum inner core 2 is correspondingly selected as shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
(3) After the forming temperature of the mixed material blank is preliminarily selected, the requirement of ensuring the synchronism of the thermal expansion of the steel-aluminum material is further considered, and a thermal expansion linear relation curve manufactured according to steel (TS 4CrNi 18) aluminum (6061) is shown in figure 5. The temperature range of the aluminum core is selected and determined to be Ta = 352-455 ℃, and the heating temperature range of the corresponding steel shell is Ts = 973-1010 ℃.
(4) The heating device then moves the induction heating coil 4 over the blank from outside the die (fig. 7). In the heating process, the temperature of the steel sleeve shell 1 is monitored by a contact thermocouple S1, the temperature of the aluminum inner core is monitored by an infrared heat sensor S2, and the infrared heat sensor can be an infrared temperature measurement non-contact sensor. The continuous heating of the specified steel sleeve shell 1 and the specified aluminum inner core 2 can be realized by changing the power and the heating time of the induction heating power supply.
(5) The contact thermocouple S1 monitors that the temperature reaches the set temperature, stops heating, the induction heating coil 4 is removed and returned, the slide block of the press machine is pressed down, the mixed blank is formed in the die, the steel-aluminum junction surface is welded at high temperature and under pressure (figure 8), the shrinkage rate of the steel shell is greater than that of the aluminum core, and the shrinkage gap of the forge piece is avoided.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A heating method for steel-aluminum mixed forging forming is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a mixed material blank, processing a steel material into a steel sleeve shell, processing an aluminum material into an aluminum inner core, sleeving the steel sleeve shell outside the aluminum inner core in a cold state for assembly, and keeping a certain air gap between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core;
s2, placing the assembled mixed material blank in the central position of a lower die of a press machine, sleeving an induction heating coil on the steel sleeve shell, controlling the induction heating coil to heat the steel sleeve shell by adopting an equal expansion balance heating method, and carrying out radiation heating on the aluminum inner core in a radiation conduction mode of the steel sleeve shell under the limitation of electromagnetic shielding of the steel sleeve shell;
s3, the equal expansion amount balance heating method comprises the following steps:
step S31, calculating and deducing a temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core through experimental data to obtain the forging forming temperature range of the steel sleeve shell under the condition that the aluminum inner core is not melted, and calculating to obtain the corresponding heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core to obtain the forming temperature range of the preliminarily selected mixed material blank and the constraint condition of a process window;
step S32, processing a linear relation curve of thermal expansion of the steel material of the steel sleeve shell and a linear relation curve of thermal expansion of the aluminum material of the aluminum inner core to obtain a corresponding curve of equal thermal expansion relation of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same expansion value;
step S33, on the basis of primarily selecting the forming temperature range of the mixed material blank and the constraint condition of a process window, selecting the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core according to the corresponding curve of the isothermal expansion relation of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same expansion value;
s4, monitoring the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core in real time, stopping heating after the temperature of the steel sleeve shell reaches a set temperature, removing and returning an induction heating coil, pressing down a press slide block, forming a mixed material blank in a die, welding a steel-aluminum joint surface at high temperature and under high pressure, removing the die after welding, and obtaining a steel-aluminum mixed forged piece, wherein the mixed material blank is formed and cannot deform any more; the wall thickness of the steel jacket shell is less than 5mm.
2. The heating method for steel-aluminum hybrid forging forming according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core is as follows:
Ta= a 1 ×Ts 6 +a 2 ×Ts 5 +a 3 ×Ts 4 +a 4 ×Ts 3 +a 5 ×Ts 2 +a 6 ×Ts+a 7 wherein a is 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , a 5 , a 6 , a 7 Ta is the temperature of the aluminum core and Ts is the temperature of the steel jacket shell.
3. The heating method for steel-aluminum hybrid forging forming according to claim 2, wherein: parameter a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , a 5 , a 6 , a 7 A cubic polynomial of the sheet thickness S is as follows:
a 1 =-1.6901E-14×S 3 +1.2676E-13×S 2 +0×S-2.2817E-13；
a 2 =6.4789E-11×S 3 -4.6092E-10×S 2 +0×S+8.6840E-10；
a 3 =-1.4648E-07×S 3 +9.9859E-07×S 2 +0×S-1.9525E-06；
a 4 =1.8028E-04×S 3 -0.0011×S 2 +0×S+0.0020；
a 5 =-0.0941S 3 +0.5361×S 2 +0×S-1.0136；
a 6 =23.9044×S 3 -136.0075×S 2 +0×S+264.3604；
a 7 =-2.4715E+03×S 3 +1.4064E+04×S 2 +0×S-2.7997E+04；
wherein, the parameter S is the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell, and the parameter E is an engineering parameter.
4. The heating method for steel-aluminum hybrid forging forming according to claim 1, wherein: when the clearance a =0.5mm and the plate thickness S =1.5/2.5/3.5mm, the temperature function relation calculation formula of the heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the radiation heating temperature of the aluminum inner core is as follows:
wherein, ta3.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core of the mixture with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell of 3.5mm, ta2.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core of the mixture with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell of 2.5mm, ta1.5 is the temperature of the aluminum inner core of the mixture with the wall thickness of the steel sleeve shell of 1.5mm, ts is the temperature of the steel sleeve shell, and E is an engineering parameter.
5. The heating method for steel-aluminum hybrid forging forming according to claim 1, wherein: in the cooling process, the cooling temperature of the steel sleeve shell and the cooling temperature of the aluminum inner core are controlled by an equal shrinkage cooling method, the optimal cooling temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and the optimal cooling temperature range of the aluminum inner core are selected according to the equal shrinkage relation corresponding curve of the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core under the same cooling shrinkage value, the optimal cooling rate is calculated, and linear shrinkage is kept.
6. The heating method for steel-aluminum hybrid forging forming according to claim 1, wherein: when the steel sleeve shell is made of TS4CrNi18 steel materials and the aluminum inner core is made of 6061 aluminum materials, the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell is as follows: 973-1010 ℃; the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core is 352-455 ℃.
7. An apparatus for applying the heating method of steel-aluminum mixed forging forming according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the steel sleeve shell is sleeved outside the aluminum inner core and is assembled, a certain air gap is kept between the steel sleeve shell and the aluminum inner core, the steel temperature detection device is used for detecting the real-time heating temperature of the steel sleeve shell, the aluminum temperature detection device is used for detecting the real-time temperature of the aluminum inner core, the induction heating coil is sleeved on the steel sleeve shell, the control system controls the induction heating coil through an equal expansion balance heating method to heat the steel sleeve shell, then the electromagnetic induction skin effect is utilized to conduct radiation heating on the aluminum inner core, the balance point of the optimal heating temperature range of the steel sleeve shell and the optimal radiation heating temperature range of the aluminum inner core is reached, and the press machine is used for forging and forming a heated mixed material blank.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the steel temperature detection device adopts a contact thermocouple to monitor the temperature, and the aluminum temperature detection device adopts an infrared heat sensor to monitor the temperature.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the steel jacket shell is cylindrical, and the aluminum inner core is cylindrical.
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