CN115176553A - Red mud yard habitat improvement and soilless rapid vegetation recovery method - Google Patents
Red mud yard habitat improvement and soilless rapid vegetation recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115176553A CN115176553A CN202210811075.2A CN202210811075A CN115176553A CN 115176553 A CN115176553 A CN 115176553A CN 202210811075 A CN202210811075 A CN 202210811075A CN 115176553 A CN115176553 A CN 115176553A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the habitat of a red mud storage yard and quickly recovering soilless vegetation, which comprises the following steps: spraying different types of organic acid solution into the scarified surface red mud, wherein the concentration of the organic acid is 0.1mol/L, and the spraying amount is 9-10 kg/m 2 The organic acid solution is any one of humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid; adding phosphogypsum into S1 and uniformly mixing the phosphogypsum and the scarified red mud, wherein the addition amount of the phosphogypsum is 1.96kg/m 2 (ii) a Adding pig manure, cow manure and red mud into the S2, and fully mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pig manure and the cow manure is 0.98kg/m 2 (ii) a In the process of turning looseThe red mud is directly sowed with ryegrass, clover and tall fescue seeds. The invention realizes the improvement of the severe habitat of the red mud by the combined regulation and control of the organic acid-the phosphogypsum-the livestock and poultry manure, and promotes the soilless rapid vegetation recovery of the red mud yard. The raw materials adopted in the invention have low cost and the operation method is simple, and the environment caused by the stockpiling of a large amount of red mud can be solved on a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of red mud ecological restoration, in particular to a method for improving a red mud yard habitat and quickly recovering soilless vegetation.
Background
The red mud is solid waste generated in the industrial production process of alumina, 1.0-2.0 t of red mud can be generated when 1t of alumina is produced, the red mud has the characteristics of strong alkalinity, high salt content, strong corrosivity, poor physical structure, heavy metal and radioactive elements and the like, the comprehensive utilization difficulty is high, the comprehensive utilization rate of the red mud all over the world is less than 10%, and the discharged red mud mainly is stockpiled. In 2020, the production of the Chinese red mud accounts for 55 percent of the whole world, about 1 hundred million tons, and the historical stock of the red mud exceeds 10 hundred million tons. The stacking of a large amount of red mud not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also has small particle size and scattered particles, is very easy to seriously pollute the environmental quality of surrounding atmosphere, soil, surface water, underground water and the like through approaches such as wind power diffusion, surface runoff, underground infiltration and the like, and has restricted the sustainable development of the alumina industry. Therefore, in view of the increasing environmental safety problem of red mud disposal sites, it is urgent to take effective measures to dispose a large amount of stacked red mud. Domestic and foreign researches show that the establishment of vegetation cover on a tailing yard can obviously reduce pollution release of the tailing yard, but the extreme conditions of strong alkalinity, high salinity, nutrient deficiency, poor water and fertilizer holding capacity, high heavy metal content, strong biological toxicity and the like of the red mud seriously restrict the healthy and stable growth of plants and improve the habitat conditions of the red mud yard, thereby being the key for ensuring the successful establishment of plant restoration.
Strong alkali and high salt in the red mud are important factors for limiting plant growth. The addition of acidic chemical reagents to regulate the alkalinity of red mud has been reported, and patent "a technology for dealkalizing red mud" (CN 202011340547.8) mixes concentrated sulfuric acid and red mud according to a certain proportion to prepare slurry, and realizes dealkalization of red mud through the processes of standing, stirring, separating and separating, and the like. Therefore, the effect of regulating and controlling the alkalinity of the red mud by adding the acidic chemical agent is limited, and potential secondary pollution risks exist. The green and efficient organic substances have more advantages in red mud alkalinity regulation, and the patent (CN 201810320424.4) discloses a composite organic acid red mud dealkalizing agent and a red mud dealkalizing method, wherein the composite organic acid (pyroligneous liquor, sulfamic acid and chelating agent mixed liquor) is utilized to realize efficient removal of red mud alkalinity, and the dealkalized liquor of the red mud can be discharged. In recent years, mineral materials (phosphogypsum) are widely used in the regulation and control of the alkalinity of red mud, industrial waste gypsum has relatively low cost in the regulation and control of the alkalinity of the red mud, but harmful impurities (such as heavy metals and the like) contained in the industrial waste gypsum have environmental risks. Alkaline substances in the red mud are complex in composition and comprise soluble alkali, chemically combined alkali and the like, the single application of organic acid can only regulate and control the soluble alkali in the red mud, and the single application of industrial waste gypsum has the environmental risk of harmful impurities. Therefore, although the effect of treating waste by waste can be realized by using solid waste to regulate and control the salt and alkali of the red mud, attention needs to be paid to how to avoid the adverse factors. In addition, in the process of ecological restoration of the red mud yard, the alkali damage of the red mud can be thoroughly reduced by regulating and controlling the alkaline transformation in the red mud.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the habitat of a red mud storage yard and quickly recovering soilless vegetation. The method mainly utilizes organic acid-phosphogypsum combined regulation and control to realize red mud alkaline conversion and reduce the salt and alkali content of the red mud, adds a composite organic modifier (livestock and poultry manure) on the basis to improve the red mud on the surface layer, creates a proper growing environment for plants, and finally directly recovers vegetation on the red mud surface layer (0-20 cm) after the salt and alkali regulation and the habitat improvement without additional foreign soil, thereby realizing the soilless rapid vegetation recovery of the red mud storage yard.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving the habitat of a red mud storage yard and quickly recovering soilless vegetation comprises the following steps:
s1: spraying different types of organic acid solution into the scarified surface red mud, wherein the concentration of the organic acid is 0.1mol/L, and the spraying amount is 9-10 kg/m 2 The organic acid solution is any one of humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid;
s2: adding phosphogypsum into S1 and uniformly mixing the phosphogypsum and the scarified red mud, wherein the addition amount of the phosphogypsum is 1.96kg/m 2 ；
S3: adding pig manure, cow manure and red mud into the S2, and fully mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pig manure and the cow manure is 0.98kg/m 2 ；
S4: and (3) directly sowing ryegrass, clover, tall fescue and bermuda grass seeds on the scarified red mud.
In the method for improving the habitat of the red mud storage yard and quickly recovering the vegetation without soil, in the S1, the scarification thickness of the red mud is 0-20 cm, and the red mud needs to be stably aged for 1-2 days after the application of the organic acid solution.
In the method for improving the habitat of the red mud storage yard and quickly recovering the vegetation without soil, in the S2, after the phosphogypsum is applied, stable aging needs to be carried out for 1-2 days.
In the method for improving the habitat of the red mud storage yard and quickly recovering the vegetation without soil, in the step S4, seeds are directly sown on the scarified red mud without additional covering with additional soil, the scarified red mud mixture is used for covering the plant seeds, and the plants are watered regularly after being sown.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention provides the red mud yard habitat improvement and soilless rapid vegetation recovery method, which can effectively regulate and control the salt and alkali in the red mud and promote the red mud yard habitat improvement and vegetation recovery. The main comprehensive effects are as follows: 1) The organic acid-phosphogypsum combined regulation and control can efficiently realize the alkaline conversion of the red mud and reduce the salt and alkali content of the red mud, and in addition, the chelation and complexation effect of the organic acid and the adsorption, precipitation and coprecipitation effects of the phosphogypsum can reduce the toxicity of heavy metal harmful substances in the red mud, thereby effectively controlling the pollution release. 2) The phosphogypsum, the cow dung and the pig dung contain rich nutrient elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and the like, and also contain a large number of beneficial microorganisms, so that the content of red mud organic matters and nutrients can be obviously improved, a large number of beneficial microorganisms are introduced, and the poorer physical structure of the red mud can be effectively improved. The red mud disposal site can meet basic conditions of plant growth after saline-alkali regulation and habitat improvement, deep-rooted plants are planted on the improved matrix layer to form a good vegetation cover layer, release of red mud pollutants is effectively slowed down, ecological environment quality of the red mud disposal site can be remarkably improved, and remarkable social benefit, environmental effect and ecological benefit are achieved.
The used organic acids are respectively citric acid, oxalic acid and humic acid, have stronger acidity and rich organic functional groups, have better neutralization function on soluble alkali in the red mud, and can be complexed with heavy metals in the red mud to reduce the biological toxicity of the red mud and promote the formation of red mud aggregates to a certain extent. The waste acid can be mixed with OH - 、CO 3 2- The alkaline oxide reacts to rapidly lower the pH value and rapidly consume the alkaline substance. The organic acid treatment has a larger promoting effect on particle agglomeration than inorganic acid, on one hand, the conversion of citric acid reduces protonation, H + May be the primary buffering function. The conversion of the mineral acid results in a reduction of the basic groups of the residue, while the citric acid further reduces the surface basic groups. In addition, citric acid promotes the reduction of fine particles and the formation and distribution of large agglomerates, while resulting in a reduction of surface area (a corresponding reduction of adsorption sites). These changes also reduce OH - Distribution on the surface of the particles. In addition, citric acid ameliorates the structural defects of cancrinite and precipitates some amorphous minerals, redistributing their surface active basic groups. On the other hand, the oxalic acid has stronger acidity and higher dealkalization rate, selectively removes sodium in the red mud and improves SO in the red mud 4 2- 、K + Plasma content and can significantly destroy the structure of cancrinite and calcite in red mud. In addition, the humic acid can improve the ion exchange capacity, reduce the alkalinity of the red mud and improve the permeability of the red mud soil. Meanwhile, humic acid is beneficial to improving the nutrient of the red mud, improving the quality of the red mud, promoting the formation of macromolecular aggregates and improving the structural stability.
Phosphogypsum is solid waste produced in wet process phosphoric acid processThe waste is mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. The composition of the phosphogypsum is complex, besides calcium sulfate, incompletely decomposed phosphorite, residual phosphoric acid, fluoride, acid insoluble substances, organic matters and the like exist, and the existence of fluorine and the organic matters has the greatest influence on the resource utilization of the phosphogypsum. The acid substances in the phosphogypsum can be combined with alkaline substances in the red mud to reduce the alkalinity of the red mud, and Ca contained in the phosphogypsum 2+ Through the replacement and precipitation of calcium and sodium, the dissolution and release of chemically combined alkali in the red mud can be effectively inhibited, the dissolution of various pollutants is prevented, and meanwhile, the phosphogypsum can also provide a large amount of phosphorus for fixing heavy metals in the red mud and provide nutrients for the subsequent plant growth. The phosphogypsum promotes the mass fraction of the water-stable large agglomerates to increase. The increase of the number of the water-stable large aggregates can improve the number of large pores in the soil, enhance the ventilation and water permeability of the soil, and further improve the saturation hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the leaching of soil salinity. In addition, the addition of phosphogypsum contributes to Ca on the red mud surface 2+ The content is increased, the thickness of a double electric layer on the surface of soil particles is compressed, the electrostatic repulsion force is reduced, and the flocculation of clay particles is promoted, na + 、Al 3+ The content is reduced, and the process of red mud soil formation is accelerated.
The livestock and poultry manure mainly refers to a kind of organic solid waste produced in livestock and poultry breeding industry, and comprises pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure and the like. The livestock and poultry manure adopted by the invention is pig manure and cow manure, contains rich carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microorganisms, can obviously improve the nutritional condition of the red mud, and provides sufficient nutrients for the subsequent plant growth.
The phosphogypsum, livestock manure and the like related to the improved material are industrial or agricultural wastes mostly, the price is low, the toxicity of red mud pollutants is reduced, the resource utilization of solid wastes is realized, in addition, the concentration of the required organic acid is low, the using amount is low, the economic performance is good, and simultaneously, the salt and alkali content of the red mud can be obviously reduced by utilizing the organic acid-phosphogypsum combined regulation and control, and the environmental risk of harmful substances in the phosphogypsum can be avoided.
Screening of optimal concentration ratio of organic acid to phosphogypsum
As is clear from tables 1 and 2, no modifier was addedWhen the pH value of the red mud is 11.14, the EC is 1.714 ms/cm, and the change characteristics of the pH value and the EC of the red mud after the modifier is added show that the addition of the organic acid and the phosphogypsum is beneficial to reducing the pH value of the red mud soil. Organic acid solution (0.02-0.5 mol/L) is combined with phosphogypsum (0, 0.78, 1.96, 3.92 kg/m) 2 ) The pH value of the red mud can be obviously reduced, wherein 73.33 percent of treatment groups are still in a peracid or over-alkali state (the pH range of 6.5-7.5 which is suitable for most crops is taken as an evaluation range) after the red mud is treated by independently adding organic acid (0.02-0.5 mol/L), and 0.78, 1.96 and 3.92kg/m are added 2 After the treatment of the phosphogypsum and the organic acid, only 53.33 percent of red mud is in a peracid or overbase state. Therefore, compared with the phosphogypsum which is not added, the addition of 0.78, 1.96 and 3.92kg/m is carried out 2 The effect of phosphogypsum on reducing the pH value is better. Adding 0.78, 1.96 and 3.92kg/m 2 After the red mud is treated by the phosphogypsum and organic acid (0.02-0.5 mol/L), 0.78, 1.96 and 3.92kg/m are obtained 2 The average pH values of 6.5-7.5 under the addition of the phosphogypsum are 7.040, 6.964 and 7.106 respectively, and 1.96kg/m of the phosphogypsum is easily added 2 Phosphogypsum combined with organic acid (0.02-0.5 mol/L) makes the red mud pH closer to neutral (pH = 7). From the aspect of conductivity, 0.78, 1.96 and 3.92kg/m are added 2 The red mud conductivity of the phosphogypsum has no obvious difference. Therefore, 1.96kg/m was selected 2 The phosphogypsum is suitable to be added. At 1.96kg/m 2 Under the addition of the phosphogypsum, the pH value of the red mud generally tends to be reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the organic acid, and the electric conductivity EC tends to be increased. The improved red mud cannot be over-acid or over-alkali, the conductivity cannot be too high (the higher conductivity is easy to cause salt damage to plants), and the added organic acid solution with too high concentration has the risks of too high cost and secondary environmental pollution. Therefore, the comprehensive consideration shows that the addition concentration of the oxalic acid and the humic acid is more suitable to be 0.1mol/L, and the addition concentration of the citric acid can achieve better effects when being added to be 0.05 mol/L and 0.1 mol/L. However, since the content of alkaline substances in the red mud is high, the alkaline substances may be released again, and a certain pH buffer space should be reserved, so that the citric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L is more suitable. In summary, 0.1mol/L organic acid combined with 1.96kg/m 2 The phosphogypsum can effectively regulate and control the alkalinity of the red mud.
TABLE 1 Change characteristics of pH and EC of red mud under phosphogypsum treatment of different concentrations
TABLE 2 Change characteristics of pH and EC of red mud under treatment of different concentrations of organic acid and phosphogypsum
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1:
1. air-drying, crushing and sieving a red mud sample collected from a red mud yard into red mud particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm for later use;
2. filling 250g red mud into plastic basin with aperture of 9.2cm and height of 8.8cm, and making the concentration of 0.1 mol. L -1 The spraying amount of the humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid solution is 9kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount, spraying the red mud on the surface of the red mud, aging for 3 days, and adding phosphogypsum according to the proportion of 1.96kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the sample, and setting a control group (red mud without any improved material);
3. after plowing and loosening the red mud, adding cow dung and pig dung respectively, wherein the amount of the cow dung and the pig dung is 0.98kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the mixture, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
4. sowing 15 seeds of ryegrass and tall fescue on the surface layer of the red mud with improved habitat, and watering regularly to maintain the growth of plants.
Example 2:
1. drying, crushing and sieving a red mud sample collected from a red mud yard into red mud particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm for later use;
2. 250g of the red mud to be used was filled in a plastic pot having an aperture of 9.2cm and a height of 8.8cm, and the concentration was set to 0.1 mol. L -1 Humic acid (D)The spraying amount of the citric acid and oxalic acid solution is 9kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount, spraying the red mud on the surface of the red mud, aging for 3 days, and adding phosphogypsum according to the proportion of 1.96kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the sample, and setting a control group (red mud without any improved material);
3. after plowing and loosening the red mud, adding cow dung and pig dung respectively, wherein the amount of the cow dung and the pig dung is 0.98kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the mixture, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
4. sowing 15 ryegrass and clover seeds on the surface layer of the red mud with improved habitat respectively, and watering regularly to maintain the growth of plants.
Example 3:
1. drying, crushing and sieving a red mud sample collected from a red mud yard into red mud particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm for later use;
2. 250g of the red mud to be used was filled in a plastic pot having an aperture of 9.2cm and a height of 8.8cm, and the concentration was set to 0.1 mol. L -1 The spraying amount of the humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid solution is 9.5kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount, spraying the red mud on the surface of the red mud, aging for 3 days, and adding phosphogypsum according to the proportion of 1.96kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the sample, and setting a control group (red mud without any improved material);
3. after plowing and loosening the red mud, adding cow dung and pig dung respectively, wherein the amount of the cow dung and the pig dung is 0.98kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the mixture, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
4. sowing 15 seeds of ryegrass and bermuda grass on the surface layer of the red mud with improved habitat respectively, and watering regularly to maintain the growth of plants.
Example 4:
1. drying, crushing and sieving a red mud sample collected from a red mud yard into red mud particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm for later use;
2. filling 250g of red mud into a plastic pot with a diameter of 9.2cm and a height of 8.8cm, and making the red mud concentration at 0.1 mol. L -1 The spraying amount of the humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid solution is 10kg/m 2 Calculating its usage amount, and spraying onto red riceAgeing the mud surface for 3 days, adding phosphogypsum, and adding phosphogypsum according to the proportion of 1.96kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the sample, and setting a control group (red mud without any improved material);
3. after plowing and loosening the red mud, adding cow dung and pig dung respectively, wherein the amount of the cow dung and the pig dung is 0.98kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the mixture, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
4. spreading 15 pieces of bermuda grass and clover seeds on the surface layer of the red mud with improved habitat, and watering regularly to maintain the growth of plants.
Example 5:
1. drying, crushing and sieving a red mud sample collected from a red mud yard into red mud particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm for later use;
2. 250g of the red mud to be used was filled in a plastic pot having an aperture of 9.2cm and a height of 8.8cm, and the concentration was set to 0.1 mol. L -1 The spraying amount of the humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid solution is 10kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount, spraying the red mud on the surface of the red mud, aging for 3 days, and adding phosphogypsum according to the proportion of 1.96kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the sample, and setting a control group (red mud without any improved material);
3. after plowing and loosening the red mud, adding cow dung and pig dung respectively, wherein the amount of the cow dung and the pig dung is 0.98kg/m 2 Calculating the usage amount of the mixture, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;
4. 15 pieces of bermuda grass and tall fescue seeds are respectively sowed on the surface layer of the red mud with improved habitat, and the plant growth is maintained by regularly watering.
TABLE 3 growth status of plants in different examples
As can be seen from table 3, compared with the control group, the plants in examples 1 to 5 have high germination rate and vigorous plant growth, which indicates that the method for improving the habitat of the red mud disposal site and rapidly recovering the vegetation without soil provided by the invention can effectively promote the recovery of the vegetation on the red mud, realize the vegetation coverage of the red mud, further reduce the wind erosion and water erosion of the red mud, and significantly control the release of pollutants in the red mud.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the habitat of a red mud storage yard and quickly recovering soilless vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: spraying different types of organic acid solution into the scarified surface red mud, wherein the concentration of the organic acid is 0.1mol/L, and the spraying amount is 9-10 kg/m 2 The organic acid solution is any one of humic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid;
s2: adding phosphogypsum into S1 and uniformly mixing the phosphogypsum and the scarified red mud, wherein the addition amount of the phosphogypsum is 1.96kg/m 2 ；
S3: adding pig manure, cow manure and red mud into the S2, and fully mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pig manure and the cow manure is 0.98kg/m 2 ；
S4: and (3) directly sowing ryegrass, clover, tall fescue and bermuda grass seeds on the scarified red mud.
2. The method for improving the habitat of a red mud yard and rapidly recovering soilless vegetation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S1, the scarification thickness of the red mud is 0-20 cm, and the stable aging is needed for 1-2 days after the organic acid solution is applied.
3. The method for improving the habitat of red mud disposal sites and rapidly recovering vegetation without soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S2, after the phosphogypsum is applied, stable aging needs to be carried out for 1-2 days.
4. The method for improving the habitat of red mud disposal sites and rapidly recovering vegetation without soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S4, seeds are directly sown on the scarified red mud without additional covering with additional soil, the scarified red mud mixture is used for covering plant seeds, and the plants are watered regularly after being sowed.
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| 刘行等: "不同类型有机酸－磷矿粉复合物对土法炼锌废渣中重金属的固定作用", 地球与环境, vol. 48, no. 2, pages 258 * |
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