CN115173471A - Micro-energy grid system - Google Patents
Micro-energy grid system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115173471A CN115173471A CN202210795172.7A CN202210795172A CN115173471A CN 115173471 A CN115173471 A CN 115173471A CN 202210795172 A CN202210795172 A CN 202210795172A CN 115173471 A CN115173471 A CN 115173471A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a micro-energy grid system, which is applied to the field of energy supply, wherein an electric energy module generates electric energy and provides the electric energy for a user side; the heat energy module generates heat energy to be provided for the user side and the temperature conversion module under a low-load working condition and is also provided for the thermoelectric conversion module under a high-load working condition; the temperature conversion module converts the heat energy and provides the heat energy to a user side; the thermoelectric conversion module converts heat energy into electric energy to be provided to a user side under a high-load working condition. The heat energy is not obtained by electric energy conversion, so that the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system do not have a strong coupling phenomenon (the larger the electric energy is, the larger the heat energy is), when the requirement of a user side for the electric energy is larger (namely, a high-load working condition), the micro energy grid system can convert the heat energy into the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module, flexibly adjust the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system to match with the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side, avoid energy waste and enable the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro energy grid system to be higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy supply, in particular to a micro-energy grid system.
Background
The micro energy network system is used for outputting electric energy and heat energy, and meets the requirements of a user side on electricity, heat and cold, namely the electricity load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side. In the prior art, the heat energy in the micro energy source network system is obtained by electric energy conversion, so that the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy source network system have a strong coupling phenomenon (the larger the electric energy is, the larger the heat energy is), and the requirements of a user side for the electric energy and the heat energy are not consistent, so that the micro energy source network system cannot flexibly adjust the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy source network system to match with the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side, energy waste is caused, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro energy source network system is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The micro energy grid system comprises a thermoelectric conversion module, a micro energy grid system and a micro energy grid system, wherein the thermoelectric conversion module is used for converting the electric energy into the electric energy, the micro energy grid system is used for generating the electric energy, and the micro energy grid system is used for generating the electric energy.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a micro-energy grid system which comprises a control module, an electric energy module, a heat energy module, a temperature conversion module and a thermoelectric conversion module;
the electric energy module is used for generating electric energy according to the control of the control module and providing the electric energy for the user side;
the heat energy module is used for generating heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side and the temperature conversion module when the user side is in a low-load working condition according to the control of the control module, and generating heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side, the temperature conversion module and the thermoelectric conversion module when the user side is in a high-load working condition, wherein the low-load working condition is that the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load generated by the micro energy grid system is lower than a preset percentage, the high-load working condition is that the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load is higher than the preset percentage, and the total load is the sum of the electric load, the heat load and the cold load generated by the micro energy grid system;
the temperature conversion module is used for converting the heat energy generated by the heat energy module according to the control of the control module to provide the heat energy for the user side;
the thermoelectric conversion module is used for converting the heat energy generated by the heat energy module into electric energy and providing the electric energy for the user side when the user side is under a high-load working condition according to the control of the control module.
Preferably, the system further comprises an electric-heat conversion module, which is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module into heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side when the heat load and/or the cold load of the user side is larger than a preset value according to the control of the control module.
Preferably, the electric-to-heat conversion module comprises an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump;
the electric refrigerator is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module into heat energy with the temperature lower than the preset low temperature and providing the heat energy to the user side when the cold load of the user side is larger than the preset value according to the control of the control module;
the electric heat pump is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module into heat energy with the temperature higher than a preset high temperature and providing the heat energy for the user side when the heat load of the user side is higher than a preset value according to the control of the control module, and the preset low temperature is lower than the preset high temperature.
Preferably, the thermoelectric conversion module is an organic rankine generator.
Preferably, the electrical load required by the user terminal includes a random electrical load and an elastic electrical load.
Preferably, the thermal energy module includes a power supply for generating thermal energy from renewable energy, the micro-energy grid system further includes a thermal/cold energy storage module for storing the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy module and/or the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module and releasing the thermal energy to the user side based on the magnitude of the thermal load and/or the cold load required by the user side when the user side is in a low-load operating condition according to the control of the control module, and for storing the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy module and/or the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module and releasing the thermal energy to the user side and/or the thermoelectric conversion module based on the magnitude of the thermal load and/or the cold load and/or the electrical load required by the user side when the user side is in a high-load operating condition.
Preferably, the electric energy module comprises a power supply for generating electric energy through renewable energy, and the micro-energy grid system further comprises an electric energy storage module for storing the electric energy generated by the electric energy module according to the control of the control module and releasing the electric energy to the user side based on the size of the electric load required by the user side.
Preferably, the electrical energy storage module comprises an electrochemical capacitor and/or a flywheel capacitor and/or a supercapacitor.
Preferably, the system further comprises a combined cooling heating and power supply module, which is used for generating heat energy and supplying part of the heat energy to the user side, the temperature conversion module and the thermoelectric conversion module on the basis of supplying energy to the user side by the electric energy module and the heat energy module when the user side is in a high-load working condition according to the control of the control module, and the rest of the heat energy is converted into electric energy and supplied to the user side.
Preferably, the combined cooling heating and power module comprises an adjustable power supply for generating heat energy and electric energy through combustion of non-renewable energy.
The application provides a micro-energy grid system, which is applied to the field of energy supply, wherein an electric energy module generates electric energy and provides the electric energy for a user side; the heat energy module generates heat energy to be provided for the user side and the temperature conversion module under a low-load working condition and also provided for the thermoelectric conversion module under a high-load working condition; the temperature conversion module converts the heat energy and provides the heat energy to a user side; and the thermoelectric conversion module converts the heat energy into electric energy to be provided to a user side under the high-load working condition. The heat energy is not obtained by electric energy conversion, so that the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system do not have a strong coupling phenomenon (the larger the electric energy is, the larger the heat energy is), when the requirement of a user side for the electric energy is larger (namely, a high-load working condition), the micro energy grid system can convert the heat energy into the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module, flexibly adjust the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system to match with the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side, avoid energy waste and enable the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro energy grid system to be higher.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the prior art and the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro energy grid system provided by the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another micro energy grid system provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low load condition provided herein;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-load operating condition provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
The core of the application is to provide a micro energy source network system, the scheme is applied to the field of energy supply, heat energy is not obtained through electric energy conversion, and therefore strong coupling phenomenon does not exist between electric energy and heat energy output by the micro energy source network system (namely the larger the electric energy is, the larger the heat energy is), when the requirement of a user side for the electric energy is large (namely a high-load working condition), the micro energy source network system can convert the heat energy into the electric energy through a thermoelectric conversion module, the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy source network system can be flexibly adjusted to match with the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side, energy waste is avoided, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro energy source network system is high.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-energy grid system provided by the present application, and includes a control module 1, an electric energy module 2, a thermal energy module 3, a temperature conversion module 4, and a thermoelectric conversion module 5;
the electric energy module 2 is used for generating electric energy according to the control of the control module 1 and providing the electric energy for the user side;
the heat energy module 3 is used for generating heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side and the temperature conversion module 4 when the user side is in a low-load working condition according to the control of the control module 1, and generating heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side, the temperature conversion module 4 and the thermoelectric conversion module 5 when the user side is in a high-load working condition, wherein the low-load working condition is that the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load generated by the micro energy grid system is lower than a preset percentage, the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load is higher than the preset percentage, and the total load is the sum of the electric load, the heat load and the cold load generated by the micro energy grid system;
the temperature conversion module 4 is used for converting the heat energy generated by the heat energy module 3 according to the control of the control module 1 to provide the heat energy for the user side;
the thermoelectric conversion module 5 is used for converting the heat energy generated by the heat energy module 3 into electric energy and providing the electric energy to the user side when the user side is in a high-load working condition according to the control of the control module 1.
The micro energy network system is used for outputting electric energy and heat energy, and meets the requirements of a user side on electricity, heat and cold, namely the electricity load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side. In the prior art, heat energy in a micro energy grid system is obtained by electric energy conversion, so that the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system have a strong coupling phenomenon (the larger the electric energy is, the larger the heat energy is), thermal-electrolytic coupling cannot be realized along with user requirements in different application scenes, the user requirements can be flexibly and efficiently met, the micro energy grid system is flexibly matched with the load required by a user, the adjusting performance is weak, and flexible and efficient adjustment cannot be accurately carried out along with the change of electricity, heat and cold loads. When the demands of the user side on the electric energy and the heat energy are inconsistent, the micro energy grid system cannot flexibly adjust the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system to match with the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side on the premise of safety and stability, energy waste is caused, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro energy grid system is low.
In the application, on one hand, strong coupling does not exist when electric energy and heat energy are independently generated, on the other hand, the thermoelectric conversion module 5 is introduced, when the electric load required by the user side is increased, the heat energy is converted into the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module 5, the size of the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system is changed, the electric, hot and cold requirements of the user side are met, and the micro energy grid system can be suitable for complex electric, hot and cold requirements in different types of application scenes such as industrial parks, intelligent towns, intelligent villages, schools, hospitals, data centers and the like.
Specifically, the micro energy grid system is regulated by the control module 1, and corresponding actions executed by each module are integrally controlled by the control module 1, for example, the judgment of the high-load working condition and the low-load working condition is realized by the control module 1 detecting the electric load of the user side in real time, and when the proportion of the electric load of the user side in the total load generated by the micro energy grid system is judged to be lower than the preset percentage, each module is controlled to perform corresponding operation under the low-load working condition.
Meanwhile, the application scene of the user side is divided into two situations which are respectively considered: firstly, under a low-load working condition, that is, the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load generated by the micro energy grid system is lower than a preset percentage, for example, 40%, the demand of the user side on electricity is small, and at the moment, the electric energy generated by the electric energy module 2 can meet the electric load required by the user side; the heat energy generated by the heat energy module 3 can be directly supplied to a user end to meet the heat load of the user end, the heat energy can also be converted by the temperature conversion module 4 to meet the cold load required by the user end (namely, cooling treatment), at the moment, the temperature conversion module 4 can be an absorption refrigerating unit, but because the heat load can have a certain requirement on the temperature, the absorption heat pump unit can be added in the temperature conversion module 4 to meet the heating requirement if the temperature needs to be raised. Under the low-load working condition, the thermal-electrolytic coupling operation is realized without a conversion relation between electric energy and heat energy.
Secondly, under a high-load working condition, that is, the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load generated by the micro energy grid system is higher than a preset percentage, for example, 40%, the user side has a large demand for electricity, at this time, the electric energy generated by the electric energy module 2 cannot meet the electric load required by the user side, the multi-waste heat energy generated by the heat energy module 3 needs to be converted into the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module 5 (heat-electricity efficient cooperation), and the electric load required by the user side (heat-electrolytic coupling operation) can be met, the utilization rate of the heat energy is improved, and the waste of energy is reduced. In addition, a low-grade heat source which cannot provide heat energy for the user side can also be converted into electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module 5 for use, so that energy waste is reduced, and the utilization rate is improved.
Under the full-load working condition (low-load working condition and high-load working condition), the thermal-electrolytic coupling operation is realized, and the electric energy and the heat energy output by the thermal-electrolytic coupling operation device can be flexibly adjusted to match the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by a user side. Meanwhile, under the high-load working condition, the conversion from heat energy to electric energy is realized by utilizing the heat-electricity high-efficiency synergy.
In summary, the present application provides a micro energy grid system, which is applied to the energy supply field, wherein the electric energy module 2 generates electric energy to provide to the user end; the heat energy module 3 generates heat energy to be supplied to the user side and the temperature conversion module 4 under a low-load working condition and is also supplied to the thermoelectric conversion module 5 under a high-load working condition; the temperature conversion module 4 converts the heat energy and provides the heat energy to a user side; the thermoelectric conversion module 5 converts thermal energy into electric energy to be provided to a user side under a high-load working condition. The heat energy is not obtained by electric energy conversion, so that the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system do not have a strong coupling phenomenon (namely the larger the electric energy is, the larger the heat energy is), when the requirement of a user side for the electric energy is larger (namely a high-load working condition), the micro energy grid system can convert the heat energy into the electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module 5, the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system can be flexibly adjusted to match the electric load, the heat load and the cold load required by the user side, the adjustment flexibility and the efficient energy utilization requirement are ensured, the energy utilization maximization is realized, the energy waste is avoided, the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro energy grid system is higher, and the carbon emission level is reduced.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another micro energy grid system provided in the present application.
As a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises an electric-to-heat conversion module 6, configured to convert the electric energy generated by the electric energy module 2 into heat energy and provide the heat energy to the user side when the heat load and/or the cold load of the user side is greater than a preset value according to the control of the control module 1.
Considering that when the heat load and/or the cold load required by the user side is greater than the preset value, and the heat energy generated by the heat energy module 3 is difficult to meet, that is, in an extreme case, the electric energy can be converted into the heat energy through the electric-heat conversion module 6 to meet the large heat load and/or the cold load (the peak heat load and/or the cold load demand) required by the user side, so that the optimal regulation and control of the heat load and/or the cold load is realized.
Specifically, under the complex energy demand of the user terminal, the heat load may be greater than the preset value, the cold load may also be greater than the preset value, and both the heat load and the cold load may also be greater than the preset value, in these cases, the control module 1 activates the electrothermal conversion module 6 to meet the heat load and/or the cold load of the user terminal.
In conclusion, the peak heat load and/or cold load requirements of the user side are met through the electric-heat conversion module 6, and the electric energy and the heat energy output by the micro energy grid system can be adjusted according to the requirements.
As a preferred embodiment, the electrothermal conversion module 6 includes an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump;
the electric refrigerator is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module 2 into heat energy with the temperature lower than the preset low temperature and providing the heat energy for the user side when the cold load of the user side is larger than the preset value according to the control of the control module 1;
the electric heat pump is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module 2 into heat energy with the temperature higher than the preset high temperature and providing the heat energy for the user side when the heat load of the user side is higher than the preset value according to the control of the control module 1, and the preset low temperature is lower than the preset high temperature.
In this embodiment, the electrothermal conversion module 6 specifically includes an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump, and when the cold load of the user side is greater than a preset value, the electric refrigerator converts electric energy into low-temperature heat energy to satisfy the cold load of the user side; when the heat load of the user side is larger than a preset value, converting electric energy into high-temperature heat energy through the electric heat pump to meet the heat load of the user side; when the cold load and the heat load of the user side are both larger than the preset values, the electric refrigerator is started and the electric refrigerator is passed through simultaneously, so that the cold load and the heat load of the user side are met; the conversion of electric energy to heat energy of different temperatures is realized.
As a preferred embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion module 5 is an organic rankine generator.
In the present embodiment, thermoelectric conversion is realized by an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in an organic Rankine generator. On one hand, a low-grade heat source can be converted into electric energy through an organic Rankine cycle system to be stored or directly used, and electricity/heat/cold on-demand regulation and cascade matching supply are realized; on the other hand, in the valley of the thermal load demand, the redundant waste heat resource can be converted into electric energy through the organic Rankine cycle system to be stored or directly used.
As a preferred embodiment, the electrical loads required by the user terminal include random electrical loads and elastic electrical loads.
The electrical load of the user side in this embodiment includes two types, one is a random electrical load, that is, the electrical load of the user side which normally exists; the other is elastic electric load, that is, electric load sometimes exists or does not exist at the user end, for example, electric load generated at a charging pile/power exchange station/V2G, and elastic electric load is generated when the electric vehicle is charged through the charging pile, and under the condition, electric energy output by the micro energy grid system needs to be increased.
As a preferred embodiment, the thermal energy module 3 includes a power supply for generating thermal energy through renewable energy, the micro energy grid system further includes a thermal/cold energy storage module 7 for storing the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy module 3 and/or the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module 4 and releasing the stored thermal energy to the user side based on the magnitude of the thermal load and/or the cold load required by the user side when the user side is in a low-load condition according to the control of the control module 1, and storing the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy module 3 and/or the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module 4 and releasing the stored thermal energy to the user side and/or the thermoelectric conversion module 5 based on the magnitude of the thermal load and/or the cold load and/or the electrical load required by the user side when the user side is in a high-load condition.
In this embodiment, the thermal energy module 3 generates thermal energy, such as solar photo-thermal energy, through renewable energy, and the solar photo-thermal energy is converted into electric energy through the thermoelectric conversion module 5, so that on one hand, flexible adjustment of the thermal energy and the electric energy output by the micro energy grid system is realized, on the other hand, the utilization rate of the renewable energy is improved, and carbon emission is reduced. Accordingly, the power module 2 can also generate electric power from renewable energy sources.
The method conforms to the national reform on the energy service pattern, in particular to the guiding suggestion on the integrated charging and storage and the multi-energy complementary development of the propulsion power source network jointly issued by the national development committee and the national energy agency along with the implementation of the national double-carbon target and the construction of a novel power system. The file provides a source network load and storage integrated implementation path: by optimizing and integrating resources of a local power supply side, a power grid side and a load side, and taking advanced technical breakthrough and system mechanism innovation as support, a novel power system with highly integrated source grid and load storage is explored and constructed. With the development of new energy power generation technology, clean energy power generation technology, energy storage technology and information technology, the high-efficiency interconnection of energy and friendly interaction at the user side are supported by using the information technologies such as the Internet of things, big data and cloud computing, and the energy Internet with the coordinated development and the integrated complementation of source-network-load-storage-use is formed by combining the transverse multi-energy complementation and the longitudinal source, network, storage and the like, so that the change of the energy service pattern in China is effectively promoted.
Under the vigorous promotion of the state, the energy supply mode gradually changes from a centralized mode to a mode according to different application scenes, for example, the micro-energy grid system in the application, the requirements of the user side on the energy such as electric heating and cooling and the local resource endowment (the endowment of the renewable energy resource nearby the user side is fully excavated), the renewable energy can be fully utilized, the development modes such as stable, reliable and economic electric heating and cooling are provided at the user side, the renewable energy can be utilized to the maximum extent, the energy requirements of different application scenes can be safely, efficiently and stably met, the zero-carbon park, the green town low carbon and the like can be supported and constructed, and the national double-carbon target can be realized.
The comprehensive energy supply system is in a multidimensional active regulation and control mode aiming at low-load working conditions (such as 0-40%) and high-load working conditions (such as 40% -100%), the output of heat energy and electric energy is regulated, for example, the heat energy and the electric energy can be regulated through the thermoelectric conversion module 5 and the electric heat conversion module 6, the stability, the flexibility and the economy of the system are improved, and the comprehensive energy supply system is particularly suitable for comprehensive energy supply systems of industrial parks, intelligent towns, intelligent villages, schools, hospitals, data centers and the like. The technical innovation supports China to realize the energy industry turning to 'comprehensive energy service taking users as the center'. And the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the micro-energy grid system which is put into production recently is lower than 80%, and under the full working conditions (low-load working condition and high-load working condition), when the electric energy module 2 and the heat energy module 3 both generate energy through renewable energy sources, the permeability of the renewable energy sources is lower than 60% (the proportion of the energy generated by the renewable energy sources in the total energy generated by the micro-energy grid system).
The application conditions of the existing patents and micro-energy network systems are summarized through system analysis, when renewable energy is adopted for energy supply, the permeability of the renewable energy under all working conditions is low, the utilization rate of comprehensive energy is low, the flexibility of system adjustment is poor, the requirements of electricity, heat and cold of a user cannot be flexibly matched on the premise of safety and stability, meanwhile, strong coupling (electric energy increase and heat energy increase) exists in thermoelectricity, the heat-electrolytic coupling (electric energy increase and heat energy increase) cannot be realized along with the requirements of user sides of different application scenes, and the requirements of the user sides (such as more electric energy and less heat energy) are flexibly and efficiently met.
It should be noted that, because the instability of renewable energy sources, such as solar photo-thermal, is influenced by weather and is not generated at night, the heat/cold energy storage module 7 (which can store hot water/cold water) is used cooperatively to store the thermal energy generated by the renewable energy sources and the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module 4, such as cold energy. In order to realize the overall control of the heat energy storage module 7 to the thermal energy module 3 for outputting the thermal energy, the thermoelectric conversion module 5 is disposed behind the heat/cold energy storage module 7, as shown in fig. 2, so as to complete the control of the heat/cold energy storage module 7 for converting the thermal energy into the electric energy. The heat/cold energy storage module 7 can release energy under the low-load working condition to meet the heat load and/or the cold load required by the user side according to the control of the control module 1, release energy under the high-load working condition to meet the heat load and/or the cold load required by the user side, and release energy to the thermoelectric conversion module 5, so that the thermoelectric conversion module provides electric energy for the user side and meets the electric load of the user side under the high-load working condition.
In addition, the hot/cold energy storage module 7 may also be directly disposed at the output end of the thermal energy module 3 to directly store the thermal energy output by the thermal energy module, that is, it should be a hot energy storage module at this time.
As a preferred embodiment, the electric energy module 2 includes a power source for generating electric energy from renewable energy, and the micro energy grid system further includes an electric energy storage module 8 for storing the electric energy generated by the electric energy module 2 according to the control of the control module 1 and releasing the electric energy to the user terminal based on the magnitude of the electric load required by the user terminal.
In this embodiment, the electric energy module 2 generates electric energy by renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic. Also due to the instability of renewable energy sources, such as the instability of electrical energy generated by weather, it is necessary to cooperate with the use of the electrical energy storage module 8 for the storage of electrical energy generated by renewable energy sources. The electric energy storage module 8 can release electric energy to meet the electric load required by the user side according to the control of the control module 1.
Meanwhile, the heat energy module 3 and the heat/cold energy storage module 7 which generate heat energy through renewable energy sources can be combined, so that the micro energy grid system can generate energy by utilizing the renewable energy sources, and pollution is reduced. Referring to fig. 3, under the low-load working condition, the electric energy module 2 and the electric energy storage module 8 which generate electric energy by renewable energy sources and the electric loads of the user end (such as elastic electric loads of electric vehicles and other random electric loads) form a source-charge-storage interaction system of the electric loads; a heat energy module 3 for generating heat energy through renewable energy sources (such as solar photo-heat), a heat/cold energy storage module 7, a temperature conversion module 4 (such as an absorption heat pump/refrigerating unit) and an electric heat conversion module 6 (such as an electric refrigeration/electric heat pump) form a source-charge-storage interaction system of heat/cold loads; the electric-heat conversion module 6 is used for coupling the electric load and the heat/cold load to form an electric-heat conversion process, so that the efficient coupling cooperation of the electric-heat process is realized. Under the low-load working condition, the electric load mainly passes through the electric energy storage module 8, the electric energy storage module 8 is used for flexibly charging and discharging at least twice per day, the optimal regulation and control according to the fluctuation characteristic of the electric load at the demand side are realized through the charging and discharging characteristic curve of the electric energy storage module 8 on the basis of utilizing wind, light and electricity to the maximum extent by combining the demand characteristic of the electric load (random electric load and elastic electric load), the discharge is increased when the electric load at the demand side, namely the user end, is large, and the discharge is reduced when the electric load at the demand side, namely the user end, is small; the hot/cold load is mainly based on the storage and storage regulation characteristics of the hot/cold energy storage module 7, is assisted by the temperature conversion module 4, and meets the peak hot/cold load requirement by the electric-heat conversion module 6 if necessary. By adopting the multi-dimensional active optimization regulation and control mode, the renewable energy permeability of the micro-energy network system can reach 100% through measurement and calculation, and the system can realize safe, stable, flexible and efficient energy supply under low load by completely depending on the renewable energy system. And then under the condition that 100% utilizes renewable energy (namely the underload operating mode), satisfy the demand of electricity, heat, cold load in different application scenes, can carry out nimble, efficient initiative and regulate and control as required in addition, under the safe reliable prerequisite of system, realize economic benefits maximize.
As a preferred embodiment, the electrical energy storage module 8 comprises an electrochemical capacitor and/or a flywheel capacitor and/or a supercapacitor.
In the embodiment, the adjustment response speed of novel electric energy storage devices such as an electrochemical capacitor and/or a flywheel capacitor and/or a super capacitor is high, and the energy supply efficiency of a micro-energy grid system is improved.
As a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a Combined Cooling, heating and Power (CCHP) module 9, configured to generate heat energy and provide a part of the heat energy to the user side, the temperature conversion module 4 and the thermoelectric conversion module 5, and provide the remaining part of the heat energy to the user side, based on the Power supplied by the Power module 2 and the heat energy module 3 to the user side when the user side is in a high load operating condition according to the control of the control module 1.
In this embodiment, a combined cooling heating and power module 9 used under a high load condition is added, and the combined cooling heating and power module 9 can generate heat energy and electric energy to supplement the energy supplied by the electric energy module 2 and the heat energy module 3 to the user side. When the electric energy module 2 and the heat energy module 3 both use renewable energy, on the premise of fully utilizing renewable resources, a regulation and control method is added, and under the condition of multidimensional active optimization regulation and control, the functional requirements of a user side under a high-load working condition are met.
In combination with all the above embodiments, under a high-load working condition, referring to fig. 2, an electric energy module 2 for generating electric energy from renewable energy sources, a combined cooling, heating and power module 9, an electric energy storage module 8, a thermoelectric conversion module 5 (such as an organic rankine generator), and electric loads at a user end (such as elastic electric loads of electric vehicles and other random electric loads) form a source-charge-storage interaction system of the electric loads; a heat energy module 3 for generating heat energy through renewable energy sources (such as solar photo-thermal), a combined cooling heating and power module 9, a heat/cold energy storage module 7, a temperature conversion module 4 (such as an absorption heat pump/refrigerating unit) and an electric heat conversion module 6 (such as an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump) form a source-load-storage interaction system of heat/cold load; the thermoelectric conversion module 5 (such as an organic Rankine generator) and the thermoelectric conversion module 6 (such as an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump) are used for coupling the electric load and the heat/cold load in the system, so that the mutual conversion process of the electric load and the heat/cold load as required is realized, and the aim of multidimensional active optimization regulation under a high-load working condition is fulfilled. And through measurement and calculation, the system has the renewable energy permeability reaching more than 90%, basically depends on renewable energy, and only needs the combined cooling heating and power module 9 to generate a small amount of energy (when the combined cooling and power module 9 generates energy through non-renewable energy such as fossil energy by burning, the regulation and control method can reduce the consumption of the fossil energy and reduce pollution), thereby ensuring the high-load safety, stability, flexibility and high-efficiency energy supply of the system. Meanwhile, the requirements of electricity, heat and cold loads in different application scenes are met, the economic benefit is maximized on the premise that the system is safe and reliable, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system is up to more than 90%.
Under the high-load working condition, the electric load can be mainly supplied by wind power and photovoltaic renewable energy sources, and a basic electric load stable supply system is formed by coupling and complementing the cold-heat-power triple supply module 9 with the wind power and the photovoltaic power based on the random fluctuation characteristic of the renewable energy sources; the electric energy storage module 8 and the combined cooling heating and power module 9 are used as main methods for optimizing and regulating the fluctuation characteristics of the electric load following the elastic electric load and the random electric load, the thermoelectric conversion module 5 (such as an organic Rankine cycle generator) is used as an auxiliary electric load regulation and control method, the electric energy output is increased through regulation and control when the electric load of a user is increased, and the smaller electric energy output is regulated and controlled when the electric load of the user is reduced; the heat/cold load is mainly adjusted in peak fluctuation demand through the storage and storage regulation characteristics of the heat/cold energy storage module 7 by using an absorption heat pump/refrigerating unit as a main basic energy supply unit, and the electric heat conversion module 6 (such as an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump) can be used as a heat/cold load optimization regulation and control method under special working conditions under extreme necessary conditions.
As a preferred embodiment, the combined cooling, heating and power module 9 comprises an adjustable power supply for generating thermal and electrical energy by combustion of non-renewable energy.
In this embodiment, it is limited that the combined cooling heating and power module 9 generates heat energy and electric energy through the combustion of the non-renewable energy source, and the electric energy generated through the combustion of the non-renewable energy source can stabilize the shifting of the electric energy generated by the renewable energy source, thereby improving the regulation capability of the output electric energy. Referring to fig. 4 in conjunction with all of the above embodiments, the non-renewable energy source may be natural gas (renewable energy biomass gas may be added, complementary to natural gas), which is complementary to biomass gas to form the fuel side. The heat energy is generated by burning in an adjustable power supply, namely an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, one part of the heat energy meets the heat/cold load of a user side (the heat/cold load can sequentially pass through an electric energy storage module 8, an electric heat conversion module 6 and a heat/cold energy storage module 7, and the corresponding energy storage module can also be skipped), and the other part of the heat energy meets the electric load of the user side by being converted into electric energy through thermoelectric conversion and inputting the electric energy into the electric energy storage module (the electric energy can also be directly input into the user side). The instability of non-renewable energy sources is made up, and the elastic electric load of a user side is met.
At this time, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-load working condition and a specific overall structural diagram of the micro energy grid system, and all modules in the micro energy grid system are opened under the high-load working condition. In fig. 4, the micro-energy grid system includes: the fuel side is coupled and complemented by biomass gas and natural gas; the electric energy side is coupled and complemented by an adjustable power supply consisting of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell and an unadjustable power supply consisting of wind power and photovoltaic power; the heat/cold energy side is composed of photo-heat, waste heat of the internal combustion engine, waste heat of the fuel cell and an absorption heat pump/refrigerating unit, wherein the photo-heat is coupled and complemented with the waste heat of the internal combustion engine and the waste heat of the fuel cell; the electric load regulation of the user side is composed of an electric energy storage module 8 and an organic Rankine generator; the heat load and/or cold load regulation of the user side is composed of a heat/cold energy storage module 7, an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump.
Under the low-load working condition, the electric energy storage module 8, the electric refrigerator, the electric heat pump and the heat/cold energy storage module 7 are coupled, electric heat is cooperated and flexibly interacted, renewable energy sources can be completely utilized, the zero-carbon emission target is achieved, and the high-quality requirements of users on electricity, heat and cold are met on the basis of guaranteeing the safety, stability and flexible optimization and control of the system. The method has the advantages of flexible system regulation and control, stable operation, optimal economic benefit and more than 100 percent of renewable energy utilization rate. On the basis of a low-load working condition under a high-load working condition, a combined cooling heating and power supply module 9 is coupled and configured to provide an adjustable flexible active regulation power supply (namely, an adjustable power supply); the low-grade waste heat which is not needed by a user end is converted into electric energy through an organic Rankine generator and stored in an electric energy storage system, or during the peak of the heat/cold load, the electric load is converted into the heat/cold load through an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump. The system has the advantages that the system can efficiently realize hot/cold-electrolytic coupling operation, is flexible in system adjustment, can economically and efficiently output electricity, hot and cold loads according to a load characteristic curve, and stably, efficiently and economically meet the high-quality requirement of a user on energy according to the dynamic requirement change characteristic of the loads.
After the combined cooling heating power supply module 9 is coupled, under a high-load working condition, the electric load supply can be formed by complementing an adjustable power supply and an unadjustable power supply together to form a stable basic electric load output unit, and meanwhile, the combined cooling heating power supply module has the optimized regulation and control characteristic of flexible electric load; the stable electric load supply supplies fuel through coupling and complementation of biomass gas and natural gas, and outputs stable electric load which can be accurately and optimally regulated and controlled through coupling of a gas internal combustion engine and a fuel cell; the electric energy storage module 8 is configured to serve as an important optimal regulation and control method for peak electric load; the organic Rankine cycle generator can fully recover the unnecessary heat load under the working condition with less heat load demand, and the unnecessary heat load is converted into electric energy through the organic Rankine cycle power generation system and stored in the electric energy storage module 8. The coupling system has the advantages that the coupling system can be fully combined with local resources to provide stable and flexibly adjusted power output, the random fluctuation of wind, light and electricity is avoided under the condition of utilizing the wind, light and electricity resources to the maximum extent, the system has flexible adjustment characteristics, the system can be ensured to utilize renewable energy to the maximum extent under the full working condition of system operation, the utilization rate of the renewable energy is up to more than 90 percent through measurement and calculation, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate is more than 90 percent.
The combined cooling heating and power module 9 is configured in a coupling mode, under a high-load working condition, heat/cold load supply is performed by taking photo-thermal, fuel cell waste heat and gas internal combustion engine waste heat as stable heat load output end units, cold loads are mainly taken as stable cold load output units through an absorption heat pump/refrigerating unit, heat/cold load regulation and control are mainly performed by the heat/cold energy storage module 7, and regulation is performed through an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump in an auxiliary mode if necessary. The system has the advantages that on the basis of fully utilizing renewable photo-thermal, the waste heat of the gas internal combustion engine and the fuel cell is reasonably and efficiently utilized according to the energy grade based on the temperature mouth-to-mouth and cascade utilization principle, and active optimization regulation and control according to the requirement is flexibly and finely realized through the heat/cold energy storage module 7 according to the change characteristic of the heat/cold load requirement; under necessary extreme working conditions, the load requirements of special working conditions such as peak value and the like can be realized through the electric refrigerator and the electric heat pump.
It should be further noted that when the micro energy network system is constructed, coupling matching power of natural gas/biomass and a gas internal combustion engine and a fuel cell system is reasonably designed according to the coupling mechanism of the multi-energy complementary system and an energy grade analysis method and according to the electricity, heat and cold load requirements and the change characteristics of different application scenes and the resource endowment of regions; selecting wind power and photovoltaic matched with the demand characteristics according to the dynamic demand characteristics of the electric load and regional wind and photovoltaic resource prediction; according to the wind-solar power characteristic curve and the electric load demand characteristic, the matched electric energy storage module 8 is selected, the electric load demand of the peak user end is met through the electric energy storage module 8, and the stability, flexibility and high efficiency of the system are guaranteed. The matching characteristic of the heat load and/or the cold load reasonably matches the absorption heat pump/refrigerating unit according to the exhaust gas temperature (360-420 ℃) of the fuel cell and the gas internal combustion engine and the principle of 'temperature to port and cascade utilization', and fully utilizes the photo-thermal system under the condition of considering the technical economy and reasonability to meet the basic load requirement of a user on the heat load and/or the cold load; according to the fluctuation change characteristics of the heat load and/or the cold load, the heat/cold load requirements are adjusted as required by reasonably matching the power and the like of the heat/cold energy storage module 7, the organic Rankine generator, the electric refrigerator and the electric heat pump which meet the requirements.
In conclusion, based on all the embodiments, the renewable energy permeability of more than 90% under all working conditions can be realized, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system is more than 90%. Aiming at the micro energy network system, a multi-dimensional active optimization regulation and control method which is different under a low-load working condition and a high-load working condition is provided. Under the low-load working condition, the renewable energy can be completely used through system coupling matching, the fluctuation and dynamic requirements of the system on the load resources such as electricity, heat, cold and the like within the working condition range are ensured, the heat/cold-electricity efficient decoupling is realized, the utilization rate of the renewable energy reaches 100 percent, and the zero-carbon emission target is reached. The system has the advantages that the high-load working condition is realized, the system has multidimensional active regulation and control capability, the flexibility and the economical efficiency of system regulation and control can be optimized and adjusted in real time according to different electricity, heat and cold load requirements at different time, the system has a flexible micro energy network system, the system renewable energy permeability under the whole working condition reaches over 90 percent, the comprehensive energy utilization rate reaches over 90 percent, and the system is higher than the existing micro energy network system. The micro-energy grid system in the application is flexible and reliable in operation, can realize the operation of thermal-electrolytic coupling under all working conditions (0-100%), and can realize the purposes of efficient thermal-electric cooperation, interconversion, stability, economy and reliability in operation. The system can meet the diversified energy utilization requirements of different application scenes such as data centers, schools, hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, office buildings, intelligent towns and the like.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A micro-energy grid system is characterized by comprising a control module, an electric energy module, a heat energy module, a temperature conversion module and a thermoelectric conversion module;
the electric energy module is used for generating electric energy according to the control of the control module and providing the electric energy for the user side;
the heat energy module is used for generating heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side and the temperature conversion module when the user side is in a low-load working condition according to the control of the control module, and generating heat energy and providing the heat energy to the user side, the temperature conversion module and the thermoelectric conversion module when the user side is in a high-load working condition, wherein the low-load working condition is that the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load generated by the micro energy grid system is lower than a preset percentage, the high-load working condition is that the proportion of the electric load required by the user side to the total load is higher than the preset percentage, and the total load is the sum of the electric load, the heat load and the cold load generated by the micro energy grid system;
the temperature conversion module is used for converting the heat energy generated by the heat energy module according to the control of the control module to provide the heat energy for the user side;
the thermoelectric conversion module is used for converting the heat energy generated by the heat energy module into electric energy and providing the electric energy for the user side when the user side is in a high-load working condition according to the control of the control module.
2. The micro-energy grid system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an electrothermal conversion module for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module into heat energy and supplying the heat energy to the user side when the heat load and/or the cold load of the user side is greater than a preset value according to the control of the control module.
3. The micro energy grid system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrothermal conversion module comprises an electric refrigerator and an electric heat pump;
the electric refrigerator is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module into heat energy with the temperature lower than the preset low temperature and providing the heat energy for the user side when the cold load of the user side is larger than the preset value according to the control of the control module;
the electric heat pump is used for converting the electric energy generated by the electric energy module into heat energy with the temperature higher than a preset high temperature and providing the heat energy for the user side when the heat load of the user side is higher than a preset value according to the control of the control module, and the preset low temperature is lower than the preset high temperature.
4. The micro energy grid system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric conversion module is an organic rankine generator.
5. The micro energy grid system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the electrical loads required by the user terminals include random electrical loads and elastic electrical loads.
6. The micro energy grid system according to claim 1, wherein the thermal energy module comprises a power source for generating thermal energy from renewable energy, the micro energy grid system further comprises a heat/cold energy storage module for storing and releasing the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy module and/or the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module to the user terminal based on the magnitude of the heat load and/or the cold load required by the user terminal when the user terminal is in a low load condition according to the control of the control module, and storing and releasing the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy module and/or the thermal energy converted by the temperature conversion module to the user terminal and/or the thermoelectric conversion module based on the magnitude of the heat load and/or the cold load and/or the electrical load required by the user terminal when the user terminal is in a high load condition.
7. The micro energy grid system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the power module comprises an unregulated power source for generating power from renewable energy, and the micro energy grid system further comprises an electrical energy storage module for storing the power generated by the power module according to the control of the control module and releasing the power to the user terminal based on the magnitude of the electrical load required by the user terminal.
8. The micro energy grid system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrical energy storage module comprises an electrochemical capacitor and/or a flywheel capacitor and/or a supercapacitor.
9. The micro energy grid system according to claim 7, further comprising a combined cooling heating and power supply module for generating heat energy based on the energy module and the heat energy module supplying energy to the user side when the user side is in a high load condition according to the control of the control module, and supplying a part of the heat energy to the user side, the temperature conversion module and the thermoelectric conversion module, and supplying the remaining part of the heat energy to the user side.
10. The micro energy grid system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the combined cooling, heating and power module comprises an adjustable power source for generating thermal and electrical energy by combustion of a non-renewable energy source.
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