CN115172804A - Fuel cell system and fuel cell - Google Patents

Fuel cell system and fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115172804A
CN115172804A CN202210973143.5A CN202210973143A CN115172804A CN 115172804 A CN115172804 A CN 115172804A CN 202210973143 A CN202210973143 A CN 202210973143A CN 115172804 A CN115172804 A CN 115172804A
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China
Prior art keywords
oxidant
fuel gas
fuel cell
cell system
input unit
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CN202210973143.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陆峰
程准
黄潜
齐雪飞
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Shanghai Re Fire Energy and Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Re Fire Energy and Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210973143.5A priority Critical patent/CN115172804A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell system and a fuel cell.A fuel gas input unit is respectively connected with fuel gas input ports of at least two electric piles in a first preset connection mode to ensure that the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two electric piles meets a first preset balance degree, and an oxidant input unit is respectively connected with oxidant input ports of the at least two electric piles in a second preset connection mode to ensure that the flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two electric piles meets a second preset balance degree, so that the balanced distribution of the fuel gas and the oxidant in the at least two electric piles is realized, and the service lives of the fuel cell system and the fuel cell are prolonged under the condition that the output powers of the fuel cell system and the fuel cell meet power requirements.

Description

Fuel cell system and fuel cell
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular, to a fuel cell system and a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy in fuel gas and oxidant supplied from the outside into electric energy, heat energy and other reaction products through electrochemical reaction, and has the advantages of high power density, high conversion rate, low environmental pollution and the like.
The unit fuel cell pile, i.e. pile, is formed by connecting a plurality of bipolar plates and a membrane electrode assembly in series, and the two ends of the unit fuel cell pile are clamped and fixed by end plates and fasteners. However, due to the process and performance stability requirements of a single stack, the number of bipolar plate assemblies in a single stack cannot be infinite, and thus the total power of a single stack has its ultimate maximum.
As the power demand of fuel cell systems becomes higher and higher, a single stack cannot meet the market power demand, and a multi-stack scheme needs to be designed, and the problem of multi-stack is that the fluid uniformity, such as uneven fluid distribution, may seriously affect the stack performance and service life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell system and a fuel cell to overcome the defects of the prior art, and aims to realize balanced distribution of fluid for multiple electric stacks and prolong the service life of the fuel cell system and the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell system comprising: the fuel gas input unit, the oxidant input unit, the at least two galvanic piles, the fuel gas output unit and the oxidant output unit;
the fuel gas input unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas input ports of the at least two galvanic piles in a first preset connection mode and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two galvanic piles to meet a first preset equilibrium degree;
the oxidant input unit is respectively connected with the oxidant input ports of the at least two galvanic piles in a second preset connection mode and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two galvanic piles to meet a second preset balance degree;
the fuel gas output unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas output ports of the at least two galvanic piles, and the oxidant output unit is respectively connected with the oxidant output ports of the at least two galvanic piles, so that after the at least two galvanic piles respectively react according to the fuel gas and the oxidant, the fuel gas tail gas is output through the fuel gas output unit, and the unreacted oxidant is output through the oxidant output unit.
Still further, the fuel cell system further includes: a cooling liquid input unit and a cooling liquid output unit;
the cooling liquid input unit is respectively connected with cooling liquid input ports of the at least two galvanic piles and used for inputting cooling liquid into the at least two galvanic piles, and the cooling liquid output unit is respectively connected with cooling liquid output ports of the at least two galvanic piles and used for outputting the cooling liquid after cooling the at least two galvanic piles.
Furthermore, the first preset connection mode is as follows: the fuel gas distribution pipe of the fuel gas input unit is connected to the fuel gas output unit through each of the at least two stacks, and the path lengths of the pipes are equal.
Furthermore, the second preset connection mode is as follows: and the oxidant distribution pipeline of the oxidant input unit is connected with the oxidant input ports in the at least two galvanic piles in a preset angle range.
Further, the oxidant distribution pipe of the oxidant input unit is a first preset diameter, and the first preset diameter is determined according to the number of the at least two galvanic piles.
Furthermore, the cooling liquid input unit is connected with the cooling liquid input ports of the at least two galvanic piles through a pipeline with a second preset diameter, and the second preset diameter is determined according to the number of the at least two galvanic piles.
Still further, the fuel cell system further includes: two sealed throttles, wherein one sealed throttle is arranged in the middle of the oxidant input unit and the other sealed throttle is arranged in the middle of the oxidant output unit.
Furthermore, the fuel gas input by the fuel gas input unit is hydrogen fuel gas.
Further, the oxidant input by the oxidant input unit is an air oxidant.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a fuel cell comprising: a fuel cell system and a stationary base;
wherein, the fuel cell system is the fuel cell system of any one of the above first aspect, and at least two stacks in the fuel cell system are mounted on the fixing base in a stacked manner.
The fuel cell system and the fuel cell provided by the invention have the following advantages:
the fuel cell system and the fuel cell provided by the invention have the advantages that the fuel gas input unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas input ports of at least two electric piles in a first preset connection mode, so that the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two electric piles meets a first preset balance degree, the oxidant input unit is respectively connected with the oxidant input ports of the at least two electric piles in a second preset connection mode, so that the flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two electric piles meets a second preset balance degree, the balanced distribution of the fuel gas and the oxidant in the at least two electric piles is realized, and the service lives of the fuel cell system and the fuel cell are prolonged under the condition that the output powers of the fuel cell system and the fuel cell meet power requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fuel gas transport path provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of a fuel gas transmission path according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 (a) is a simulation diagram of a first preset angle range according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 (b) is a simulation diagram of a second preset angle range according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 (c) is a simulation diagram of a third preset angle range according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a second predetermined connection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of the diameter of a coolant pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows: 11. fuel gas input units 11, 12, an oxidant input unit 12; 13. the fuel cell stack comprises a cell stack, 14, a fuel gas output unit, 15, an oxidant output unit, 16, a cooling liquid input unit, 17, a cooling liquid output unit, 121, an oxidant input pipeline, 122, an oxidant distribution pipeline, 131, a fuel gas input port, 132, an oxidant input port, 133, a fuel gas output port, 134, an oxidant output port, 135, a cooling liquid input port, 136 and a cooling liquid output port.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy in fuel gas and oxidant supplied from outside into electric energy, heat energy and other reaction products through electrochemical reaction, and is gradually and widely applied to the automobile industry due to the characteristics of high conversion efficiency, environmental protection such as no generation of other harmful chemical substances in the reaction process, low noise and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, where the fuel cell system includes: a fuel gas input unit 11, an oxidant input unit 12, at least two stacks 13, a fuel gas output unit 14, and an oxidant output unit 15. Referring to fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of an electric stack according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the electric stack 13 is a stack formed by stacking a plurality of single cells in series, and an input end of the electric stack 13 includes: a fuel gas input port 131, an oxidant input port 132, a fuel gas output port 133, and an oxidant output port 134.
The fuel gas input unit 11 is respectively connected with the fuel gas input ports 131 of the at least two fuel cells 13 in a first preset connection manner, and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two fuel cells 13 to meet a first preset balance degree; the oxidant input unit 12 is connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the at least two galvanic stacks 13 in a second preset connection manner, respectively, and is configured to enable flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two galvanic stacks 13 to meet a second preset balance degree; the fuel gas output unit 14 is respectively connected with the fuel gas output ports 133 of the at least two fuel cells 13, and the oxidant output unit 15 is respectively connected with the oxidant output ports 134 of the at least two fuel cells 13, so that after the at least two fuel cells 13 respectively react according to the fuel gas and the oxidant, the fuel gas output unit 14 outputs the fuel gas tail gas, and the oxidant output unit 15 outputs the unreacted oxidant.
In this embodiment, the fuel gas input unit 11 is a fuel gas pipe, one end of the fuel gas pipe is used for inputting fuel gas, and the other end of the fuel gas pipe is connected to the fuel gas input ports 131 of the at least two fuel stacks 13 in a first preset connection manner, so as to evenly distribute the fuel gas for the at least two fuel stacks 13 through the fuel gas pipe, so that the flow resistance of the fuel gas in the at least two fuel stacks 13 satisfies a first preset balance degree, where the flow resistance of the fuel gas in the fuel stacks 13 is a ratio of a pressure difference between the fuel gas input ports 131 and the fuel gas output ports 133 of the fuel stacks 13 to a gas flow line velocity of the fuel gas in the fuel stacks 13.
The oxidant input unit 12 is an oxidant pipeline, one end of the oxidant pipeline is used for inputting an oxidant, and the other end of the oxidant pipeline is connected with the oxidant input ports 132 of the at least two stacks 13 in a second preset connection manner, so as to evenly distribute the oxidant for the at least two stacks 13 through the oxidant pipeline, so that the flow resistance of the oxidant in the at least two stacks 13 meets a second preset equilibrium degree, wherein the flow resistance of the oxidant in the stacks 13 is a ratio of a pressure difference between the oxidant input ports 132 and the oxidant output ports 134 of the stacks 13 to an airflow linear velocity of the oxidant in the stacks 13.
When the fuel gas is input to the fuel gas path in each cell stack 13 through the fuel gas input unit 11, the oxidant is input to the oxidant path in each cell stack 13 through the oxidant input unit 12, the fuel gas path is used as an anode path, the oxidant path is used as a cathode path, the fuel gas discharges electrons in the anode path, the electrons are conducted to the cathode path through an external circuit and combined with the oxidant to generate ions, and the ions migrate to the anode path through the electrolyte under the action of the electric field to react with the fuel gas to form a loop to generate current.
The fuel gas output port 133 of at least two of the galvanic piles 13 is connected with the fuel gas output unit 14, the oxidant output port 134 of at least two of the galvanic piles 13 is connected with the oxidant output unit 15, after the oxidation reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidant is completed in each galvanic pile 13, the generated fuel gas tail gas is discharged through the output pipeline between the fuel gas output port 133 and the fuel gas output unit 14, and the unreacted oxidant is discharged through the output pipeline between the oxidant output port 134 and the oxidant output unit 15.
In the fuel cell system provided by the above embodiment, the fuel gas input unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas input ports of the at least two stacks in the first preset connection manner, so that the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two stacks meets the first preset balance degree, and the oxidant input unit is respectively connected with the oxidant input ports of the at least two stacks in the second preset connection manner, so that the flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two stacks meets the second preset balance degree, thereby realizing the balanced distribution of the fuel gas and the oxidant in the at least two stacks, and improving the service life of the fuel cell system under the condition that the output power of the fuel cell system meets the power requirement.
In a possible implementation manner, since the fuel gas and the oxidant release certain heat during the oxidation reaction, in order to avoid damage to the fuel cell system due to the released heat, the temperature of the stack in the fuel cell system needs to be reduced. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes: a cooling liquid input unit 16 and a cooling liquid output unit 17, as shown in fig. 2, the input end of the stack 13 further includes: a coolant input port 135 and a coolant output port 136.
The cooling liquid input unit 16 is connected to the cooling liquid input ports 135 of the at least two electric stacks 13, respectively, and is configured to input the cooling liquid to the at least two electric stacks 13, and the cooling liquid output unit 17 is connected to the cooling liquid output ports 136 of the at least two electric stacks 13, respectively, and is configured to output the cooling liquid after cooling the at least two electric stacks 13.
In this embodiment, the coolant input unit 16 is a coolant pipeline, one end of the coolant pipeline is used for inputting coolant, and the other end of the coolant pipeline is connected to the coolant input ports 135 of the at least two galvanic piles 13, so as to evenly distribute the coolant for the at least two galvanic piles 13 through the coolant pipeline, so that the flow resistance of the coolant in the at least two galvanic piles 13 satisfies a preset equilibrium degree, where the flow resistance of the coolant in the galvanic piles 13 is a ratio of a pressure difference between the coolant input port 135 and the coolant output port 136 of the galvanic piles 13 to a linear velocity of the coolant in the galvanic piles 13.
In the process of the oxidation reaction of the fuel gas and the oxidant, the coolant flows through the coolant path of each cell stack 13 to cool the heat generated by the oxidation reaction of the fuel gas and the oxidant, and after the coolant completes the cooling of the cell stacks through the coolant path of each cell stack 13, the coolant is discharged through the output pipeline between the coolant output port 136 and the coolant output unit 17.
The fuel cell system that above-mentioned embodiment provided is connected through the coolant liquid input unit with the coolant liquid input port of two at least galvanic piles respectively, to two at least galvanic piles input coolant liquids to take place the produced heat of oxidation reaction to fuel gas and oxidant and cool down, avoid the galvanic pile to damage because of the produced heat of oxidation reaction, guarantee among the fuel cell system that the galvanic pile can normally work, improve the working life of galvanic pile.
In a possible implementation manner, in order to achieve an even distribution of the fuel gas in at least two fuel stacks, the first preset connection manner for connecting the fuel gas input unit 11 and at least two fuel stacks 13 may be: the fuel gas distribution pipe of the fuel gas input unit 11 is connected to the fuel gas output unit 14 through each of at least two stacks 13 with equal pipe path length.
In the present embodiment, the fuel gas pipe of the fuel gas input unit 11 includes: the fuel gas input unit 11 can be arranged in a mode of being parallel to the ground, the fuel gas input pipeline is connected with the fuel gas distribution pipeline, the output end of the fuel gas distribution pipeline is used as a branching port to be connected with fuel gas input ports 131 of at least two fuel stacks 13, the fuel gas is transmitted to the at least two fuel stacks through the fuel gas input pipeline and the fuel gas distribution pipeline at the branching port respectively, in order to guarantee the average distribution of the fuel gas, the flow resistance of the fuel gas in the at least two fuel stacks meets a first preset balance degree, the starting point from the branching port needs to be guaranteed, the fuel gas output unit 14 is used as the terminal point, and the lengths of pipeline paths of the fuel gas flowing in each fuel stack are equal.
In an alternative embodiment, to ensure that the lengths of the pipe paths through which the fuel gas flows in each stack are equal, it is necessary to determine the positions of the output ends of the fuel gas distribution pipes and the fuel gas output units 14 relative to the stacks by calculation.
Referring to fig. 3, as shown in fig. 3, for an exemplary fuel gas transmission path provided by an embodiment of the present invention, taking two stacks as an example, the path length of the fuel gas from the branch port to the fuel gas output unit through the upper stack is equal to the path length of the fuel gas from the branch port to the fuel gas output unit through the lower stack, so as to ensure that the flow resistance of the fuel gas in the two stacks reaches a second predetermined balance degree. Referring to fig. 4, a simulation schematic diagram of a fuel gas transmission path according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, where the fuel gas transmission path shown in fig. 3 is adopted, the flow resistance of the fuel gas in the upper stack is 3.197g/s, the flow resistance of the fuel gas in the lower stack is 3.121g/s, and the balance degree of the flow resistance distribution of the fuel gas between the upper stack and the lower stack is less than 3%.
The fuel cell system provided by the above embodiment ensures that the fuel gas can be equally distributed to at least two fuel stacks by equalizing the path lengths of the fuel gas distribution pipes of the fuel gas input unit connected to the fuel gas output unit through each fuel stack of the at least two fuel stacks, so as to improve the service life of the fuel cell system when the output power of the fuel cell system meets the power requirement.
In a possible implementation, in order to achieve an even distribution of the oxidant among the at least two stacks, the second preset connection mode for connecting the oxidant input unit 12 and the at least two stacks 13 may be: the oxidant distribution pipe of the oxidant input unit 12 is connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the at least two stacks 13 at a predetermined angle range.
In this embodiment, the oxidizer piping of the oxidizer input unit 12 includes: the oxidant input pipeline 121 and the oxidant distribution pipeline 122, the oxidant input pipeline 121 may be disposed perpendicular to the ground, the oxidant input pipeline 121 is connected to the oxidant distribution pipeline 122, the oxidant distribution pipeline 122 is connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the at least two galvanic stacks 13 within a preset angle range, and through the oxidant distribution pipeline 122 disposed within the preset angle range, the oxidant input through the oxidant input pipeline 121 may be equally distributed to the at least two galvanic stacks 13 at a divergent opening through the oxidant distribution pipeline 122 within the preset angle range, so that flow resistance of the oxidant in the at least two galvanic stacks 13 satisfies a second preset equilibrium degree.
In an alternative embodiment, in order to determine the preset angle range up to the second preset equilibrium degree, a flow resistance simulation is required.
As shown in fig. 5 (a), taking two stacks 13 as an example, the oxidant distribution pipeline 122 is horizontally connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the two stacks 13, and the oxidant enters the stacks from the horizontal direction and is distributed to the two stacks 13 through the bifurcate port, it can be determined through simulation that the flow resistance of the oxidant at the upper stack is 98.5g/s, the flow resistance of the oxidant at the lower stack is 117.3g/s, the balance degree of the distribution of the flow resistance of the oxidant between the upper stack and the lower stack is greater than 15%, and the balance degree of the flow resistance is poor.
Referring to fig. 5 (b), a simulation diagram of a second preset angle range provided for the embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 5 (b), as shown in fig. 5 (b), the oxidant distribution pipeline 122 is connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the two galvanic piles 13 at a preset small angle range, the oxidant enters the galvanic piles from the preset small angle range and is distributed into the two galvanic piles 13 through the branch port, it can be determined through simulation that the flow resistance of the oxidant at the upper pile is 99.650g/s, the flow resistance of the oxidant at the lower pile is 116.176g/s, the balance degree of the flow resistance distribution of the oxidant between the upper pile and the lower pile is still about 15%, the improvement of the balance degree of the flow resistance is small, and the balance degree of the flow resistance is still poor. Illustratively, the predetermined small angle range is 90 ° to 110 ° as determined by simulation.
Referring to fig. 5 (c), a simulation diagram of a third preset angle range provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 5 (c), as shown in fig. 5 (c), the oxidant distribution pipeline 122 is connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the two stacks 13 in the preset angle range, the oxidant enters the stacks from the preset angle range and is distributed into the two stacks 13 through the branch ports, it can be determined through simulation that the flow resistance of the oxidant in the upper stack is 106.4g/s, the flow resistance of the oxidant in the lower stack is 109.5g/s, the equilibrium degree of the distribution of the flow resistance of the oxidant between the upper stack and the lower stack is less than 3%, the flow resistance equilibrium degree is significantly improved, and the flow resistance equilibrium degree of the oxidant in the upper and lower pairs meets the requirement.
For example, it is determined by simulation that the predetermined angle range is an angle range within a predetermined deviation centered around 120 °, please refer to fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of a second predetermined connection manner provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the oxidant distribution pipe 122 is connected to the oxidant input ports 132 of the two stacks 13 at 120 ° to ensure that the equilibrium degree of the flow resistance distribution of the oxidant between the upper stack and the lower stack is less than 3%.
In a possible implementation manner, in order to ensure that the flow resistances of the oxidants in the galvanic stacks are balanced, not only the oxidant input unit and the oxidant input ports of the at least two galvanic stacks need to be connected within a preset angle range, but also the oxidant output unit and the oxidant output ports of the at least two galvanic stacks need to be connected within a preset angle range, in which case, the flow resistances of the oxidants flowing in the at least two galvanic stacks can meet the first preset balance degree.
In the fuel cell system provided by the above embodiment, the oxidant distribution pipeline of the oxidant input unit is connected with the oxidant input ports of the at least two electric stacks in the preset angle range, so that the oxidant can be uniformly distributed to the at least two electric stacks, and the service life of the fuel cell system is prolonged under the condition that the output power of the fuel cell system meets the power requirement.
In one possible implementation, the oxidant distribution duct of the oxidant input unit has a first predetermined diameter, which is determined according to the number of at least two stacks.
In this embodiment, in the case that the oxidant distribution pipe 122 of the oxidant input unit 12 is connected to at least two stacks 13 within a predetermined angle range so that the oxidant is equally distributed among the at least two stacks, when the number of the stacks is increased, in order to ensure that a sufficient amount of oxidant is input into each stack, it is necessary to enlarge the diameter of the oxidant distribution pipe of the oxidant input unit, and to ensure that the oxidant is equally distributed among the at least two stacks while enlarging the oxidant distribution pipe.
The fuel cell system provided by the above embodiment, by determining the oxidant distribution pipe of the oxidant input unit to be the first preset diameter according to the number of the at least two stacks, under the condition that the oxidant is ensured to be evenly distributed in the at least two stacks, it is ensured that a sufficient amount of oxidant is distributed to each stack according to the stack data, it is ensured that possible fuel gas in the stacks can sufficiently perform oxidation reaction to generate current, and the power requirement of the fuel cell system is met.
In a possible implementation, in order to ensure an even distribution of the coolant in the two stacks, the coolant inlet unit 16 is connected to the coolant inlet ports 135 of at least two stacks 13 by pipes of a second predetermined diameter, which is determined according to the number of at least two stacks 13.
In this embodiment, by determining the diameter of the cooling liquid pipeline of the cooling liquid input unit 16 according to the number of the at least two electric stacks 13, and by setting the cooling liquid pipeline with a second preset diameter matched with the number of the electric stacks, the cooling liquid can be equally distributed to the at least two electric stacks 13, so as to respectively cool the at least two electric stacks 13 when the oxidation reaction occurs.
In an example, please refer to fig. 7, which is a schematic simulation diagram of a diameter of a coolant pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, taking two stacks as an example, when the diameter of the coolant pipe matches the number of the stacks, a flow resistance of the coolant at an upper stack is 2.791g/s, a flow resistance of the coolant at a lower stack is 2.748g/s, and a balance degree of flow resistance distribution of the coolant between the upper stack and the lower stack is less than 3%.
The fuel cell system that above-mentioned embodiment provided, through the diameter that sets up coolant liquid input unit according to the pile quantity, guarantee that the coolant liquid passes through coolant liquid input unit average allocation to at least two piles in, for the pile takes place the heat of oxidation reaction in-process release and cool down, avoid the pile to damage because of the produced heat of oxidation reaction, guarantee among the fuel cell system that the pile can normally work, improve the working life of pile.
In addition to the above embodiment, after the fuel cell system is shut down, the fuel gas is stopped from being supplied to the stack of the fuel cell system, and the content of the fuel gas in the stack of the fuel cell system is fixed, so that in order to avoid the oxidant from being output to the stack through the oxidant input unit 12 to react with the fuel gas in the stack, the oxidant needs to be controlled to be stopped from being supplied to the stack of the fuel cell system.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system further includes: two sealing throttles 18, one of which is arranged in the middle of the oxidant supply unit 12 and the other of which is arranged in the middle of the oxidant discharge unit 15.
In this embodiment, by disposing the sealing throttle 18 between the oxidant input pipe 121 and the oxidant distribution pipe 122 of the oxidant input unit 12 and between the oxidant output unit 15, so as to control the sealing throttle 18 to close after the shutdown of the fuel cell system, the oxidant is prevented from being transmitted to the stack through the oxidant input unit 12 and the oxidant output unit 15 to undergo an oxidation reaction with the fuel gas in the stack in the shutdown state of the fuel cell system.
In one possible implementation, the two sealed throttle valves 18 may be automatically controlled to close after the fuel cell system is shut down.
In another possible implementation, the two sealed throttle valves 18 may be manually controlled to close after the fuel cell system is shut down.
In the fuel cell system provided by the above embodiment, the sealed throttle valves are respectively arranged between the oxidant input unit and the oxidant output unit, so that after the fuel cell system is shut down, the sealed throttle valves are controlled to be closed, the oxidant is prevented from entering the fuel cell stack through the oxidant input unit and the oxidant output unit and performing an oxidation reaction with the fuel gas in the fuel cell stack, and the safe operation of the fuel cell system is ensured.
In the fuel cell system according to any of the above embodiments, the fuel gas input by the fuel gas input unit is a hydrogen fuel gas, and the oxidant input by the oxidant input unit is an air oxidant.
In this embodiment, hydrogen is used as fuel gas, air is used as oxidant, hydrogen is input to the anode path of at least two electric piles 13 through the fuel gas input unit 11, oxygen is input to the cathode path of at least two electric piles 13 through the oxidant input unit 12, electrons are emitted from the anode path by the hydrogen, the electrons are conducted to the cathode path through an external circuit and combined with the air to generate ions, the ions migrate to the anode path through electrolyte under the action of an electric field to react with the hydrogen to form a loop to generate current, the hydrogen and the oxygen in the air generate electric energy and water after electrochemical reaction in the electric piles, and the heat generated in the oxidation process is cooled by the cooling liquid input unit 16. For example, the cooling fluid may be deionized water or antifreeze fluid.
It should be noted that, because the oxidant is air, in order to avoid the air entering the stack in the fuel cell system to generate an oxidation reaction with hydrogen when the fuel cell system is shut down, a sealed throttle needs to be respectively disposed between the oxidant input unit and the oxidant output unit, so as to control the sealed throttle to close after the fuel cell system is shut down, so as to avoid the air entering the stack through the oxidant input unit and the oxidant output unit to generate an oxidation reaction with hydrogen in the stack, and ensure the safe operation of the fuel cell system.
In the fuel cell system provided by the above embodiment, the fuel gas input by the fuel gas input unit is a hydrogen fuel gas, the oxidant input by the oxidant input unit is an air oxidant, and the hydrogen and the oxygen in the air perform an electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy, heat energy and water, so that the conversion efficiency is high, no other harmful chemical substances are generated in the reaction process, and the fuel cell system is very environment-friendly.
It should be noted that any of the above embodiments provides a fuel cell system, as the number of the stacks increases, only the number of the distribution manifolds needs to be increased, and fine adjustment is performed on the design of the pipeline, so as to achieve the requirement of achieving the balance of the flow resistances of the fuel gas, the oxidant and the cooling liquid, and the structure of the fuel cell system is more expandable.
Based on the fuel cell system provided in any of the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell, including: fuel cell system and unable adjustment base, fuel cell system includes: the fuel gas input unit, the oxidant input unit, the at least two galvanic piles, the fuel gas output unit and the oxidant output unit; at least two stacks in the fuel cell system are mounted on a stationary base.
The fuel gas input unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas input ports of the at least two galvanic piles in a first preset connection mode and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two galvanic piles to meet a first preset balance degree; the oxidant input unit is respectively connected with the oxidant input ports of the at least two galvanic piles in a second preset connection mode and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two galvanic piles to meet a second preset balance degree; the fuel gas output unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas output ports of the at least two galvanic piles, and the oxidant output unit is respectively connected with the oxidant output ports of the at least two galvanic piles, so that the at least two galvanic piles respectively output fuel gas tail gas through the fuel gas output unit and output unreacted oxidant through the oxidant output unit after the reaction according to the fuel gas and the oxidant.
Still further, the fuel cell system further includes: a cooling liquid input unit and a cooling liquid output unit;
the cooling liquid output unit is respectively connected with the cooling liquid output ports of the at least two galvanic piles and used for outputting the cooling liquid after cooling the at least two galvanic piles.
Furthermore, the first predetermined connection manner is: the fuel gas distribution pipes of the fuel gas input unit are equal in length in the pipe path connecting to the fuel gas output unit through each of the at least two stacks.
Furthermore, the second predetermined connection manner is: the oxidant distribution pipeline of the oxidant input unit is connected with the oxidant input ports in at least two galvanic piles in a preset angle range.
Further, the oxidant distribution pipe of the oxidant input unit has a first preset diameter, and the first preset diameter is determined according to the number of at least two galvanic stacks.
Furthermore, the cooling liquid input unit is connected with the cooling liquid input ports of the at least two galvanic stacks through a pipe with a second preset diameter, and the second preset diameter is determined according to the number of the at least two galvanic stacks.
Still further, the fuel cell system further includes: and two sealed throttle valves, wherein one sealed throttle valve is arranged in the middle of the oxidant input unit, and the other sealed throttle valve is arranged in the middle of the oxidant output unit.
Further, the fuel gas input by the fuel gas input unit is a hydrogen fuel gas.
Furthermore, the oxidant input by the oxidant input unit is an air oxidant.
The fuel cell provided by the embodiment can realize the balanced distribution of the fuel gas, the oxidant and the cooling liquid, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged under the condition that the output power of the fuel cell meets the power requirement.
While the invention has been described with reference to several particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising: the fuel gas input unit, the oxidant input unit, the at least two galvanic piles, the fuel gas output unit and the oxidant output unit;
the fuel gas input unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas input ports of the at least two galvanic piles in a first preset connection mode and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the fuel gas input to the at least two galvanic piles to meet a first preset equilibrium degree;
the oxidant input unit is respectively connected with the oxidant input ports of the at least two galvanic piles in a second preset connection mode and is used for enabling the flow resistance of the oxidant input to the at least two galvanic piles to meet a second preset equilibrium degree;
the fuel gas output unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas output ports of the at least two galvanic piles, and the oxidant output unit is respectively connected with the oxidant output ports of the at least two galvanic piles, so that after the at least two galvanic piles respectively react according to the fuel gas and the oxidant, the fuel gas tail gas is output through the fuel gas output unit, and the unreacted oxidant is output through the oxidant output unit.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising: a cooling liquid input unit and a cooling liquid output unit;
the cooling liquid input unit is respectively connected with cooling liquid input ports of the at least two galvanic piles and used for inputting cooling liquid into the at least two galvanic piles, and the cooling liquid output unit is respectively connected with cooling liquid output ports of the at least two galvanic piles and used for outputting the cooling liquid after cooling the at least two galvanic piles.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the first predetermined connection manner is: the fuel gas distribution pipe of the fuel gas input unit is connected to the fuel gas output unit through each of the at least two stacks, and the path lengths of the pipes are equal.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the second predetermined connection manner is: and the oxidant distribution pipeline of the oxidant input unit is connected with the oxidant input ports in the at least two galvanic piles in a preset angle range.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein the oxidant distribution pipe of the oxidant input unit has a first predetermined diameter for determining according to the number of the at least two stacks.
6. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the coolant input unit is connected to the coolant input ports of the at least two stacks with a pipe having a second predetermined diameter for determining according to the number of the at least two stacks.
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising: two sealing throttles, wherein one sealing throttle is arranged in the middle of the oxidant input unit and the other sealing throttle is arranged in the middle of the oxidant output unit.
8. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fuel gas input by the fuel gas input unit is a hydrogen fuel gas.
9. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the oxidant input by the oxidant input unit is an air oxidant.
10. A fuel cell, characterized by comprising: a fuel cell system and a stationary base;
wherein the fuel cell system is the fuel cell system of any one of claims 1 to 9, and at least two stacks of the fuel cell system are mounted on the fixing base.
CN202210973143.5A 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 Fuel cell system and fuel cell Pending CN115172804A (en)

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CN202210973143.5A CN115172804A (en) 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 Fuel cell system and fuel cell

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210973143.5A CN115172804A (en) 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 Fuel cell system and fuel cell

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