CN1151672C - Channel encoding modulation method adopting hierarchial block product code - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of digital information transmission, which relates to an error correction coding and modulation method by multi-level block product codes, which comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively coding inputted multi-way data code flow of different priorities through respective BPC coder of block product codes so as to obtain block product code flow; respectively mapping the block product code flow into different bits of planisphere symbols of a set modulation mode according to a definition to obtain multi-layer modulation output signals with different levels of antijamming performance. The present invention has the advantages of simple operation, many priorities, high correction capability, high reliability, etc., and meets the requirements of multiple operations, such as being applied to ground digital television broadcast systems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital information transmission technical field, relate to a kind of multilayer bpc (block product code) (Multi-level BlockProduct Code) error correction coding modulator approach, relate more specifically to the multilayer bpc (block product code) error correction coding modulator approach in the ground system of digital television broadcast.
Background technology
In digital information transmission, no matter the Channel Transmission of signal by what media types because decayed, the influence of distortion and various interference, in the data that receive, can have error code.Therefore, the digital communication system of any reality all needs to take the chnnel coding modulation technique to carry out error code correction, general forward direction error code correction FEC (Forward ErrorCorrect) method that adopts, it is at transmitting terminal data to be added unnecessary code element by certain rule, forms the error correcting code with error correcting capability.After receiving terminal is received code word, decipher, zero defect is arranged, if wrong then correction automatically to determine to receive in the code word by the rule of predesignating.
The formation of a typical digital communication system as shown in Figure 1, comprising the chnnel coding modulating unit that constitutes by chnnel coding and digital modulation.At transmitting terminal, encoder is handled the data of input, makes data quantity transmitted reach minimum.For example, give the MPEG source encoder a digitized vision signal and compress, data volume is reduced.In receiving end, mpeg decoder reverts to initial data to packed data.If mpeg encoder directly links to each other with decoder, the image quality damage of having only compression to bring so.But in great majority are used, exist the error code of introducing in the transmission course in the data that receiving terminal is received, certainly, these error codes needed to remove as much as possible before giving decoder.
Remove these error codes, just need carry out chnnel coding, one of its function is an error code correction, and error correcting system has a variety of.At transmitting terminal, (Forward Error Correction FEC) adds redundant information to the forward direction error code correction in code stream, so that receiving terminal can unilaterally detect and proofread and correct transmission error code.Simple proposal is that each bit repeats to transmit N time, and receiving terminal is judged each bit of transmission by the majority decision criterion.Though it is simple that the mode that repeats N time realizes, code efficiency is very low.After adopting more efficiently FEC, the redundancy of increase can be brought huge system gain.
In digital communication system, one very important index be that (Bit Error Rate, BER), FEC error correction coding reduces the degree of the BER of system to error rate of system, is decided by type and the efficient of FEC.
FEC can have a variety of classification according to the starting point difference.Commonly used in Digital Transmission have block code (for example Reed one Saloman RS sign indicating number, BCH code) and convolution code, Turbo code, a bpc (block product code) (Block Product Code, BPC) etc., in order to obtain better error correction coding performance, can be they serial or parallel cascades, and error correction coding and modulation combination.The obtainable performance of better simply error correcting code cascade will be higher than simple more complicated single sign indicating number.
Wherein the bpc (block product code) error correction/encoding method is to handle the individual data set with two systematic error checking codes.
Fig. 2 has represented the product code of a rectangular interweaving.(n1 k1) carries out error correction coding to first encoder on line direction, generate the check code of every row; Information bit rearrangement behind interleaver then, whole information bit and its check bit give second encoder (n2, k2).Usually rearrangement just information bit add between the ranks of check bit and reset, the result obtains one, and (n1n2, k1k2) sign indicating number is gained the name thus.
Interleaver is the order that changes a data sequence according to predetermined in advance mode.The rectangular interweaving device is the simplest a kind of, and at the data block work of regular length.Input code flow is write in a M * N rectangle storage array by row, reads in the storage array by being listed as from then on then, just obtains disturbing the preface code stream.Certainly, can replace rectangular mode, may obtain the effect that better interweaves, for example along diagonal way, convolutional interleave mode etc. with other predefined scheme.The information bit of product code is reset and has been adopted traditional matrix to interweave, and presses earlier the line direction coding, and then presses the column direction coding.
Multimedia communication is current development of Communication Technique trend, multimedia communication need transmit various types of media information such as sound, data, literal, figure, image, animation simultaneously in communication network, communication mode with integration, synchronism and interactivity, and traditional telephone network, computer network and radio network often only transmit single medium.Generally speaking, data, text, figure and still image etc. belong to discontinuous medium, require average bit rate not high, but stronger sudden and two-forty is in short-term arranged, wherein data are very responsive to transmission error code, and sound and video information belong to successional medium, and its real-time and transmission code rate require very high, will hang down the sensitiveness of transmission error code.Therefore,, apply different transmission priorities, can adopt the classification digital modulation to realize information transmitted at different information mediums, different application environment, different service object and different purposes.
Digital modulation is that numerical chracter is converted to and the be complementary process of waveform of the characteristic of channel.From the frequency characteristic of transmission channel, the channel that has is the low pass type, as pair cable, coaxial cable etc.; The channel that has then is the logical type of band, as various wireless channels, fiber channel etc.Obviously, low pass type channel is suitable for the transmission of digital baseband signal, and the logical type channel of band must carry out could transmitting after the necessary modulation to digital baseband signal.Under the situation of baseband modulation, these waveforms are pulses.Bandpass modulation then is that data signal modulation (is generally sinusoidal wave) to the carrier wave of a certain fixed frequency.In fact, broadly modulation is exactly from information source message to channel waveform or mapping the vector and frequency spectrum shift.
Corresponding to different transmission mediums, the structure of emission system is identical, but the modulation system difference.Modulation system commonly used now has phase shift keying modulation PSK, quadrature amplitude modulation QAM, vestigial sideband modulation VSB and orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM etc.Wherein PSK, QAM technology are very ripe, are used widely in the communications field.MPSK and mQAM are when same signal is counted, and power spectrum is identical, and bandwidth is the twice of baseband signal bandwidth.In the ideal case, the operating factor of highband of mPSK and mQAM is log
2Mb/s/Hz.
For example the operating factor of highband of QPSK is 2b/s/Hz, and promptly the 2bit of baseband digital signal is mapped as a transmission symbol of modulation signal; The highest frequency utilance of 16QAM is 4b/s/Hz, and 4bit is mapped as a transmission symbol; The operating factor of highband of 64QAM is 6b/s/Hz, and the 6bit of baseband digital signal is mapped as a transmission symbol of modulation signal.That is to say that 64QAM modulation institute can the information transmitted amount be 3 times of independent QPSK in theory, is 2 times of independent 16QAM, and in other words, the maximum fault information sum that QPSK and 16QAM modulation can be transmitted is equal to 64QAM and modulates.
QPSK and 64QAM are quadrature modulation, therefore, can be divided into two components of quadrature each other to their modulation signal, i.e. in-phase component I and quadrature component Q, and represent the IQ component with reference axis, obtain corresponding modulation constellation.In general, for a kind of modulation system, though the modulation mapping relations may be different, i.e. the digital signal value difference of constellation point representative in the planisphere, constellation point residing position in planisphere is the same.The planisphere of QPSK and 64QAM as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, they are even planispheres, i.e. α=1, α is the ratio of constellation point minimum distance in constellation point minimum distance and the quadrant between adjacent quadrant in the planisphere here.
From as can be known above-mentioned, for same transmission amount of information, can transmit with the 64QAM modulation separately, also can transmit with a plurality of QPSK, 16QAM or both combinations.They respectively have pluses and minuses, and the former realizes simply, but the priority of transport service is equal to; The latter realizes complicated, but can realize hierarchical transmission, thereby class-of-service is provided.Many level modulation (as 256QAM) to other are like this too.
In ground digital television broadcast, just can adopt hierarchical modulation and coding to realize class-of-service.For example, realize hierarchical modulation, thereby avoid signal interruption by low code check, highly reliable and high code check, low reliable two kinds of bit stream are provided in order to overcome the radio and television problem that received signal is interrupted in the low field intensity overlay area.Europe digital video broadcast-terrestrial (DVB-T) system is by adopting hierarchical modulation on OFDM (OFDM) carrier wave, constitute the 64QAM planisphere of multiresolution by QPSK and 16QAM, as Fig. 5 (a) (b) shown in, in a television channel, provide two levels of service with this, use high priority (HP) code stream and low priority (LP) code stream respectively.The HP code stream can provide basic DTV program and some audio programs, and the LP code stream is used for a kind of business of other DTV or data service or picture HDTV quality.The LP data code flow is used to cover the kernel service district, and in the LP code stream covered, the HP code stream was always effective usually.
The weak point of above-mentioned this mode is; 16QAM is adopted in modulation, thereby realizes complexity, and because only divide two-layer modulation, priority is few, therefore can not satisfy the requirement of multiple business; In addition, what the error correction coding before the classification 64QAM among the European DVB-T adopted is convolution code, and the error-correcting performance of convolution code is relatively poor, causes reliability to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the weak point that this overcomes prior art, propose a kind of method for encoding and modulating channel that adopts the multilayer bpc (block product code), QPSK is adopted in every layer of modulation, have and realize that simply priority is many, error correcting capability is strong, the reliability advantages of higher can satisfy the requirement of multiple business.
A kind of multilayer bpc (block product code) error correction coding and modulator method that the present invention proposes is characterized in that it comprises:
With the data code flow of the multichannel different priorities of input earlier respectively through behind the bpc (block product code) BPC encoder separately, obtain the bpc (block product code) code stream, this bpc (block product code) stream by the different bits that define the constellation symbols that is mapped to the modulation system that sets respectively, is obtained having the multilayer modulation signal output of antijamming capability in various degree; Said bpc (block product code) is for deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,3249).
The said production method of deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,3249) can may further comprise the steps:
1) adopts BCH (63,57) sign indicating number, be expanded into BCH (64,57) through adding a check digit;
2) this BCH (64,57) is expert at, the input data carried out error correction coding on the column direction, obtain BPC (4096,3249) sign indicating number;
3) preceding 4 row of BPC (4096,3249) and preceding 33 bits of BPC (4096,3249) first row are changed to 0, obtain the bpc (block product code) BPC (3811,2992) of brachymemma;
4) 49 two check bits of deletion from brachymemma BPC (3811,2992) obtain deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) (3762,2992).
Described modulation system can be 64QAM, also can be the 256QAM modulation.
The data code flow of described multichannel different priorities can comprise high-priority data code stream, medium priority data code flow, lower-priority data code stream.
The bpc (block product code) BPC data that described high-priority data code stream generates can be mapped as the higher bit position of the modulation constellation schematic symbol that sets.
The bpc (block product code) BPC data that described medium priority data code flow generates can be mapped as the intermediate bit position of the modulation constellation schematic symbol that sets.
The bpc (block product code) BPC data that described lower-priority data code stream generates can be mapped as the low bit of the modulation constellation schematic symbol that sets.
Characteristics of the present invention:
QPSK is adopted in the multilayer modulation of adopting among the present invention, has and realizes that simply priority is many, and error correcting capability is strong, and the reliability advantages of higher can satisfy the requirement of multiple business, for example can use in the ground system of digital television broadcast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a typical digital communication system pie graph.
Fig. 2 (a) is product error correcting code (BPC) schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 (b) is product error correcting code (BPC) composition frame chart.
Fig. 3 is the QPSK modulation constellation.
Fig. 4 is the 64QAM modulation constellation.
Fig. 5 (a) is the non-homogeneous 64QAM planisphere of European DVB-T (α=2).
Fig. 5 (b) is the non-homogeneous 64QAM planisphere of European DVB-T (α=4).
Fig. 6 is a kind of theory diagram that adopts the method for encoding and modulating channel of multilayer bpc (block product code) of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the planisphere of the high priority QPSK modulation (64QAM higher bit position) of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 8 is medium priority QPSK modulation (64QAM intermediate bit position) planisphere of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the planisphere of the low priority QPSK modulation (64QAM hangs down bit) of embodiments of the invention.
Figure 10 is the transmitting terminal block diagram that adopts ground digital multimedia TV broad cast system of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the receiving terminal block diagram that adopts ground digital multimedia TV broad cast system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
The present invention is according to the characteristic of digital communication and transmission and digital television broadcasting, the embodiment of the method for encoding and modulating channel of a kind of employing multilayer bpc (block product code) (Multi-level Block Product Code) has been proposed, can reach priority transmission information, satisfy various Priority Service demands, and the purpose of better service covering.
The flow process of present embodiment method as shown in Figure 6, comprise: the data code flow of three road different priorities (high, medium and low) that will import is earlier respectively through separately bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,2992) behind the encoder, obtain the bpc (block product code) code stream, this bpc (block product code) stream by the different bits that define the constellation symbols that is mapped to the 64QAM modulation system respectively, is obtained having the multilayer modulation signal output of antijamming capability in various degree.
Said method each several part content is described in detail as follows respectively:
1) bpc (block product code) coding
The principle of bpc (block product code) as previously mentioned, as shown in Figure 2.The bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,2992) that adopts among the present invention is the surplus brachymemma of deleting of bidimensional bpc (block product code) BPC (4096,3249).
BPC (4096,3249) is the product of packeting error-correcting code BCH (64, the 57) sign indicating number of two expansions, and BCH (64,57) sign indicating number is that Parity Check Bits of BCH (63,57) sign indicating number interpolation is extended to.The generator polynomial of BCH (63,57) sign indicating number is defined as
x
6+x+1
BCH (63,57) sign indicating number is also referred to as Hamming code (Hamming Code), is one of block code of finding the earliest.
The brachymemma bpc (block product code) definition of BPC (4096,3249) is that preceding 4 row of BPC (4096,3249) and preceding 33 bits of BPC (4096,3249) first row are changed to 0, obtains the bpc (block product code) BPC (3811,2992) of brachymemma.Deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,2992) definition is to remove 49 two check bits among the BPC (3811,2992) from shortening.
(Transport Stream, TS), payload data length is 187bytes in the TS code stream for the transmission code stream in the digital television transfer.Two 187bytes data blocks can be enrolled in a BPC (3762, the 2992) piece.The transmission sequence of bpc (block product code) be since first be listed as connect one row carry out.
Bpc (block product code) BPC of the present invention (3762,2992) is a kind of systematic code (Systematic Code), and its decoder can adopt high-performance TURBO algorithm.
2) mapping and planisphere
In an embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer bpc (block product code) of system is divided into three layers---high, medium and low priority.The code stream that the bpc (block product code) of different layers obtains is mapped to the different bits of 64QAM constellation symbol by definition, so has antijamming capability in various degree.
As previously mentioned, each symbol of 64QAM modulation can carry 6bit digital information, and homophase I component and quadrature Q component carry 3bit respectively like this, are divided into high, medium and low three.Same, the front was also said, can reach and the same transmission amount of information of higher level number modulation with a plurality of modulation than the low level number, for example, amount of information for the 64QAM modulation transmissions, can realize transmission with 3 QPSK modulation, 3 different bits of 64QAM modulation I, Q component correspond respectively to 3 QPSK modulation I, Q component, i.e. high priority QPSK modulation, medium priority QPSK modulation, low priority QPSK modulation.
For high-priority traffic, the code stream after the bpc (block product code) error correction coding is mapped as the higher bit position of 64QAM modulation, promptly adopts high priority QPSK modulation.Per 2 bits in the serial code stream are formed one group, and each bit in the group is mapped as I and the Q component of high priority QPSK respectively, and its mapping relations are as shown in table 1, corresponding planisphere as shown in Figure 7, four coordinate points (00,01 among the figure, 10,11) four constellation point of expression high priority QPSK modulation.
Table 1 QPSK mapping table
| Symbol | ?I | ?Q | Phase place |
| ?0 | ?1 | ?1 | π/4 |
| ?1 | ?0 | ?1 | 3π/4 |
| ?2 | ?0 | ?0 | 5π/4 |
| ?3 | ?1 | ?0 | 7π/4 |
For the medium priority data flow, the code stream after the bpc (block product code) error correction coding is mapped as the intermediate bit position of 64QAM modulation, promptly adopts medium priority QPSK modulation.Per 2 bits in the serial code stream are formed one group, each bit in the group is mapped as I and the Q component of medium priority QPSK respectively, its mapping relations are as shown in table 1, corresponding planisphere as shown in Figure 8,4 constellation point (0000-1111) of 4 groups of medium priority QPSK modulation of expression among the figure, with with the relative position relation of high priority QPSK constellation point, wherein high priority QPSK constellation point is positioned at the center of 4 constellation point of each group medium priority QPSK modulation.
For low-priority data stream, the code stream after the bpc (block product code) error correction coding is mapped as the low bit of 64QAM modulation, promptly adopts low priority QPSK modulation.Per 2 bits in the serial code stream are formed one group, each bit in the group is mapped as I and the Q component of low priority QPSK respectively, its mapping relations are as shown in table 1, corresponding planisphere as shown in Figure 9,4 constellation point (000000-111111) of 16 groups of low priority QPSK modulation of expression among the figure, with with relative position relation high, medium priority QPSK constellation point, wherein medium priority QPSK constellation point is positioned at the center of 4 constellation point of each group low priority QPSK modulation.
In sum, for the different multichannel data code stream of priority of input, the hierarchical grouping product code error correction coding of present embodiment and the specific implementation step of modulator approach are as follows:
1) produces error correcting BCH (63,57) sign indicating number, be expanded into BCH (64,57) through adding a check digit.
2) BCH (64,57) is expert at, the input data is carried out error correction coding on the column direction, obtains BPC (4096,3249) sign indicating number.
3) obtain the bpc (block product code) BPC (3811,2992) of brachymemma by BPC (4096,3249).
4) 49 two check bits of deletion from brachymemma BPC (3811,2992) obtain deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) (3762,2992).
5) high priority is deleted the higher bit position that data code flow that surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,2992) produces is mapped as 64QAM.
6) medium priority is deleted the intermediate bit position that data code flow that surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,2992) produces is mapped as 64QAM.
7) low priority is deleted the low bit that data code flow that surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,2992) produces is mapped as 64QAM.
8) the hierarchical grouping product code 64QAM that finishes at last as shown in Figure 9 modulates.
Above-mentioned modulation signal disturbs and noise owing to exist after transmitting through actual channel, and the constellation point position can change, and it is very near that some constellation point just may be leaned on, and judges by accident easily.From Principle of Communication as can be known, the Euclidean distance between the constellation point is big more, and the probability of erroneous judgement is more little, and just antijamming capability is strong more.From Fig. 7, Fig. 8, the pairing QPSK constellation point of 64QAM shown in Figure 9 high, medium and low position bit, the Euclidean distance maximum of high priority QPSK modulation (corresponding to the higher bit position of 61QAM), medium priority takes second place, the low priority minimum.Therefore, hierarchical grouping product code error correction coding of the present invention and modulator are being mapped to through the data code flow after the bpc (block product code) error correction coding on the different layers of 64QAM modulation, realize hierarchical modulation, Euclidean distance difference between the constellation point on the different layers, thus make hierarchical modulation have in various degree antijamming capability.
The ground digital multimedia TV broad cast emission system embodiment of an employing the method for the invention as shown in figure 10.Three road MPEG TS code streams of importing among the figure have different priority, they can be multimedia messagess such as video, audio frequency, figure, data, the data of these different priorities are through multilayer bpc (block product code) error correction coding of the present invention and modulator, become the classification 64QAM modulation signal of numeral, be converted to suitable analog signal then, the radio frequency module receives this analog signal, and the result after the processing gives transmitting antenna or other signal transmitter.
The ground digital multimedia TV broad cast receiving system embodiment of an employing the method for the invention as shown in figure 11.Antenna or other signal receiver receive modulation signal among the figure, give after down conversion module carries out frequency translation, give analog-to-digital conversion ADC and become digital signal.This digital signal is through classification 64QAM demodulation, obtains the high, medium and low bit after the demodulation, gives corresponding bpc (block product code) decoder then, recovers the different MPEG TS code stream of priority.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the invention are had been described in detail above, but the present invention is not restricted to above-mentioned those embodiment, under the spirit and scope situation of the claim that does not break away from the application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or remodeling, for example system adopts the 256QAM modulation, is divided into four layers of bpc (block product code) accordingly.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method for encoding and modulating channel that adopts the multilayer bpc (block product code) is characterized in that it comprises:
With the data code flow of the multichannel different priorities of input earlier respectively through behind the bpc (block product code) BPC encoder separately, obtain the bpc (block product code) code stream, this bpc (block product code) stream by the different bits that define the constellation symbols that is mapped to the modulation system that sets respectively, is obtained having the multilayer modulation signal output of antijamming capability in various degree; Said bpc (block product code) is for deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,3249).
2, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 1 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that further comprising: the said production method of deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) BPC (3762,3249) may further comprise the steps:
1) adopts BCH (63,57) sign indicating number, be expanded into BCH (64,57) through adding a check digit;
2) this BCH (64,57) is expert at, the input data carried out error correction coding on the column direction, obtain BPC (4096,3249) sign indicating number;
3) preceding 4 row of BPC (4096,3249) and preceding 33 bits of BPC (4096,3249) first row are changed to 0, obtain the bpc (block product code) BPC (3811,2992) of brachymemma;
4) 49 two check bits of deletion from brachymemma BPC (3811,2992) obtain deleting surplus brachymemma bpc (block product code) (3762,2992).
3, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 1 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that: described modulation system is 64QAM.
4, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 1 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that: described modulation system is the 256QAM modulation.
5, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 1 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that: the data code flow of described multichannel different priorities comprises high-priority data code stream, medium priority data code flow, lower-priority data code stream.
6, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 5 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that: the bpc (block product code) BPC data map that described high-priority data code stream generates is the higher bit position of the modulation constellation schematic symbol that sets.
7, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 5 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that: the bpc (block product code) BPC data map that described medium priority data code flow generates is the intermediate bit position of the modulation constellation schematic symbol that sets.
8, according to the method for encoding and modulating channel of the described employing multilayer of claim 5 bpc (block product code), it is characterized in that: the bpc (block product code) BPC data map that described lower-priority data code stream generates is the low bit of the modulation constellation schematic symbol that sets.
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| CN100536568C (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2009-09-02 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for differentiating transmissions of control information and media information in mobile multimedia broadcast |
| CN101325474B (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2012-05-09 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for encoding channel of mixed automatic request retransmission and modulation mapping of LDPC code |
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