CN115166994A - Three-dimensional display system and method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional display system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115166994A CN115166994A CN202210685253.1A CN202210685253A CN115166994A CN 115166994 A CN115166994 A CN 115166994A CN 202210685253 A CN202210685253 A CN 202210685253A CN 115166994 A CN115166994 A CN 115166994A
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
- G02B30/32—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers characterised by the geometry of the parallax barriers, e.g. staggered barriers, slanted parallax arrays or parallax arrays of varying shape or size
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
- G02B30/29—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays characterised by the geometry of the lenticular array, e.g. slanted arrays, irregular arrays or arrays of varying shape or size
Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional display system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the light source modulation system comprises a medium layer, a light source and a light source, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the medium layer and the refractive index of an environment medium where the three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value; the light control structure is used for modulating the light of the light source to be modulated after the light of the light source to be modulated penetrates through the medium layer; the medium layer and the light control structure are sequentially arranged along the light path of the light source to be modulated. The light of the light source to be modulated passes through the dielectric layer with the specific refractive index and/or the specific thickness before being incident to the light control structure, so that the light can be protected from being influenced before passing through the light control structure, and finally, the light passes through the three-dimensional light field formed by the light control structure, the distortion in a light path can be effectively inhibited, the display definition of the three-dimensional display system is improved, the depth of field of the three-dimensional display system is increased, and the display effect of the three-dimensional display system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer vision, in particular to a three-dimensional display system and a three-dimensional display method.
Background
The traditional display technology can only display two-dimensional images through a plane, important information such as depth relation and the like is lost, the display information is single, and different side information cannot be observed through multiple angles. Not only is it not in line with the habit of the human eye to observe the world, but more importantly, the limited two-dimensional display cannot provide display technology for some fields with high precision display requirements. The ideal three-dimensional display technology can perfectly reproduce a real three-dimensional space, not only can provide an immersive feeling for audiences, but also can express information which cannot be possessed by two-dimensional display, and has wide application potential in many fields. Therefore, three-dimensional display is a research focus of great interest, but a high-quality three-dimensional display scheme is still lacking.
Display parameters such as a viewing angle, a depth of field, a resolution, and a spatial information capacity (a number of viewpoints) of the conventional three-dimensional display technology are balanced and restricted inherently, so that each three-dimensional display technology with excellent display quality is particularly valuable. However, as an optical system, a three-dimensional display system is always inevitably affected by optical aberrations. The existence of optical aberration makes the designed three-dimensional display system unable to construct the light field according to the ideal light path, therefore, most three-dimensional display system schemes can not always present ideal display effect.
Distortion is one of the optical aberrations that most affect the display quality of three-dimensional display systems. As shown in fig. 1, an ideal three-dimensional display optical system can construct several ideal viewpoints in a complete viewing area, which is represented by ellipses in fig. 1, L represents the vertical distance between the viewpoint and the light controlling structure, and D represents the vertical distance between the light controlling structure and the display unit. The corresponding parallax images are filled in the viewpoint positions, so that the audience can experience an ideal three-dimensional impression. However, as shown in fig. 2, the optical path of the three-dimensional display system with distortion has some deviation from the optical path of the ideal three-dimensional display system, and the deviation is more obvious as the deviation is more far away from the optical axis.
The effect of distortion on three-dimensional display systems is mainly reflected in the mutual crosstalk between viewpoints. The two types of parallax image content can be divided according to specific expression forms, one is the influence of viewpoints in a visual area, such as an intermediate viewpoint projected by light rays in fig. 2, because pixels forming parallax image content in each viewpoint are derived from different positions of different lenses on a whole screen, the parallax image content from one viewpoint cannot be converged to one viewpoint under the influence of distortion. That is, parallax image content seen by a viewer at one viewpoint position may be subject to crosstalk from a close viewpoint. The larger the depth of field range of the displayed content is, the larger the content difference of the similar viewpoints is, and the display quality of each viewpoint under the influence of distortion is also worse. Thus, the presence of distortion directly affects the display resolution and depth of field of a display system.
The effect of distortion on the three-dimensional display system may have another form of appearance at the viewpoint of the viewing zone boundary, such as the left-end viewpoint of ray casting in fig. 2. Similar to the influence of viewpoints inside the visual area, the viewpoints at the visual area boundary also suffer from crosstalk due to distortion, and the close viewpoints of the viewpoints at the visual area boundary are likely to be the viewpoints of adjacent visual areas, and the close viewpoint contents between different visual areas are greatly different. Thus, such crosstalk occurrence is not tolerable for three-dimensional display viewing. Due to the influence caused by distortion, the jump between the visual zones of the three-dimensional display system can have a delayed phenomenon, and because the farther away from the optical axis in the optical system, the more serious the distortion is, the larger the influence of the distortion on the three-dimensional display system with the larger visual angle is, and the more serious the unsmooth jump between the visual zones is.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional display system and a three-dimensional display method, which are used for overcoming the defect that the three-dimensional display system in the prior art is greatly influenced by distortion, realizing the suppression of three-dimensional display distortion and improving the three-dimensional display quality.
The present invention provides a three-dimensional display system comprising:
the light source modulation system comprises a medium layer, a light source and a light source, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the medium layer and the refractive index of an environment medium where the three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value;
the light control structure is used for modulating the light of the light source to be modulated after passing through the dielectric layer;
the medium layer and the light control structure are sequentially arranged along the light path of the light source to be modulated.
According to a three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, the light control structure is provided with a substrate.
According to the three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, the substrate and the light source to be modulated are positioned at different sides of the light control structure.
According to the three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, the substrate is positioned between the dielectric layer and the light control structure, and the difference between the refractive index of the substrate and the refractive index of the environment medium is smaller than the first preset threshold, or the thickness of the substrate is smaller than a third preset threshold.
According to the three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, the dielectric layer is the substrate.
According to the three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, when the three-dimensional display system is positioned in the air, the medium layer is the air.
According to the three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, the medium layer is one layer or a plurality of layers.
According to the three-dimensional display system provided by the invention, the light control structure comprises one or more of a slit grating, a cylindrical lenticular grating, a micro-pore array and a lens array.
The invention also provides a three-dimensional display method, which comprises the following steps:
projecting light rays of a light source to be modulated to the medium layer; the difference value between the refractive index of the medium layer and the refractive index of an environment medium where the three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value;
and projecting the light rays penetrating through the dielectric layer to a light control structure so that the light control structure can modulate and display the light rays.
According to the three-dimensional display system and the method provided by the invention, the dielectric layer is arranged between the light source to be modulated and the light control structure, and the refractive indexes of the dielectric layer and the medium in the environment where the three-dimensional display system is located are similar or identical, or the thickness of the dielectric layer is smaller, so that the light of the light source to be modulated passes through the dielectric layer with the specific refractive index and/or the specific thickness before entering the light control structure, the light can be protected from being influenced as much as possible before passing through the light control structure, and finally, a three-dimensional light field is formed by the light control structure, the distortion in a light path can be effectively inhibited, the display definition of the three-dimensional display system is improved, the depth of field of the three-dimensional display system is increased, and the display effect of the three-dimensional display system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of an ideal three-dimensional display optical system provided by the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a three-dimensional display optical system with distortion provided by the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is one of the schematic optical path diagrams of the three-dimensional display system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic optical path diagram of a three-dimensional display system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a third schematic optical path diagram of a three-dimensional display system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a fourth schematic diagram of the optical path of the three-dimensional display system provided by the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional display method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A three-dimensional display system of the present invention is described below in conjunction with fig. 3, comprising: the light source comprises a medium layer 2, wherein the difference value between the refractive index of the medium layer 2 and the refractive index of an environment medium where a three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value, and the light of the light source 1 to be modulated penetrates through the medium layer 2;
the light source 1 to be modulated in this embodiment is a display panel. Optionally, the light source 1 to be modulated is an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Display panel.
The display panel is used as an information input end, displays a coded image of a three-dimensional scene, and projects light rays carrying viewpoint information of the coded image to the light control structure 3 through the medium layer 2. The viewpoint information is in the form of discretized three-dimensional data that constitutes a three-dimensional display.
The refractive indexes of the medium layer 2 and the environment medium are the same or similar by setting the difference between the refractive indexes of the medium layer 2 and the environment medium to be smaller than a first preset threshold value.
The thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is set to be smaller than a second preset threshold value, so that the thickness of the dielectric layer is smaller, and the distortion is controlled within an acceptable range.
The biggest difference between this embodiment and the conventional three-dimensional display system is that a dielectric layer 2 exists between the light source 1 to be modulated and the light control structure 3, and the refractive index of the dielectric layer 2 is the same as or close to that of the medium in the environment where the three-dimensional display system is located, or the thickness of the dielectric layer is smaller. The special structure enables partial distortion of the three-dimensional display system to be well suppressed.
The light control structure is used for modulating the light of the light source to be modulated after passing through the dielectric layer; the medium layer and the light control structure are sequentially arranged along the light path of the light source to be modulated.
Optionally, the light controlling structure is a slit grating. The light control structure modulates the light to enable the light to be displayed according to the viewpoint information. And a dielectric layer and a light control structure are sequentially arranged along the light path of the light source to be modulated. The embodiment can be matched with a 3D synthesis algorithm for suppressing distortion to jointly suppress the distortion.
As shown in FIG. 4, the medium layer 2 is air, and the light emitted from the light source at the left side X of one slit unit in the slit grating (light control structure 3) finally reaches X 1 '. The oblique dotted line is drawn as an ideal optical path, and the oblique solid line is drawn as an actual optical path. The three-dimensional display system has no distortion, and the constructed light field can provide high-quality three-dimensional impression.
Distortion is one of the aberrations, in which the object point on the axis of the optical system has a different magnification than the edge of the field of view, and the object and image are therefore no longer completely similar, and such a distorted aberration of the image to the object is called distortion.
In the embodiment, the dielectric layer is arranged between the light source to be modulated and the light control structure, the refractive index of the dielectric layer is close to or the same as that of the medium in the environment where the three-dimensional display system is located, or the thickness of the dielectric layer is smaller, so that the light of the light source to be modulated passes through the dielectric layer with the specific refractive index and/or the specific thickness before entering the light control structure, the light can be protected from being influenced as much as possible before passing through the light control structure, and finally, a three-dimensional light field formed by the light control structure can effectively inhibit the distortion in a light path, so that the display definition of the three-dimensional display system is improved, the depth of field of the three-dimensional display system is increased, and the display effect of the three-dimensional display system is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the light control structure in this embodiment is provided with a substrate.
Light management structures in three-dimensional display systems often have low self-stability, and thus the light management structures typically have a stable structure or base that serves as a support.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the substrate and the light source to be modulated are located on different sides of the light control structure.
As shown in FIG. 5, the medium layer 2 is air, and the light emitted from the light source at the left side X of one slit unit in the slit grating (light control structure 3) finally reaches X 2 '. The oblique dotted line is drawn as an ideal optical path, and the oblique solid line is drawn as an actual optical path.
The light-controlling structure 3 in this embodiment has a stable base 4, which is located on a different side of the light-controlling structure than the light source 1 to be modulated. The light control surface of the light control structure faces the light source to be modulated, i.e. the dielectric layer. Light rays of the light source to be modulated penetrate through the medium layer to be projected to a light control surface of the light control structure, and space light control is carried out on the arriving light rays so as to form a three-dimensional light field for inhibiting distortion.
Compared with the optical path without the substrate in fig. 4, the three-dimensional display system has distortion, but the distortion is generated because of a displacement caused when light passes through the substrate of the light control structure, and the thickness d of the substrate is generally smaller, so that the finally generated distortion is extremely small, and the distortion in the three-dimensional display system can be greatly inhibited.
As a parallel scheme of the substrate arrangement positions, in this embodiment, the substrate 4 is located between the dielectric layer 2 and the light control structure 3, and a difference between a refractive index of the substrate 4 and a refractive index of the environment medium is smaller than the first preset threshold, or a thickness of the substrate 4 is smaller than a third preset threshold.
As shown in the figureAs shown in fig. 6, the medium layer 2 is air, and the light emitted by the light source on the left side X of one slit unit in the slit grating (light control structure 3) finally reaches X 3 '. The oblique dotted line is drawn as an ideal optical path, and the oblique solid line is drawn as an actual optical path. The light-controlling structure 3 in this embodiment has a stable base 4, which is disposed between the dielectric layer 2 and the light-controlling structure 3.
The three-dimensional display system has distortion, which is caused by a change in the exit angle of light rays exiting from the substrate, as compared with the optical path of fig. 4 in which the substrate is not provided, and since the viewing distance L is generally large, a slight change in the angle is amplified with the viewing distance, and the distortion is hardly ignored.
It should be noted that if the thickness of the substrate is small or the refractive index is close to the ambient refractive index, the distortion can still be controlled within an acceptable range.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the dielectric layer in this embodiment is the substrate.
As shown in fig. 7, when the dielectric layer 2 between the light control structure 3 and the light source 1 to be modulated is a substrate, the light emitted from the light source on the left side X of one slit unit in the slit grating (the light control structure 3) finally reaches X 4 '. The oblique dotted line is drawn as an ideal optical path, and the oblique solid line is drawn as an actual optical path.
Compared with the optical path with the air as the medium layer in fig. 4, the three-dimensional display system has distortion, and the distortion is caused by the change of the emergent angle of the substrate when the substrate is emergent, and the change of the emergent angle is more severe than that in fig. 6, and the distortion seriously affects the display quality of the three-dimensional display system.
It should be noted that if the refractive index of the dielectric layer 2 is close to that of air, the distortion can be controlled within an acceptable range.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, when the three-dimensional display system is in the air, the dielectric layer is air.
In this embodiment, the dielectric layer 2 disposed between the light source 1 to be modulated and the light control structure 3 is air. Since the whole three-dimensional display system is in air, the refractive index of the medium layer is the same as that of air.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the dielectric layer in this embodiment is one or more layers.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the light control structure in this embodiment includes one or more of a slit grating, a lenticular grating, a micro-pore array, and a lens array.
The three-dimensional display method provided by the present invention is described below, and the three-dimensional display method described below and the three-dimensional display system described above may be referred to in correspondence with each other.
As shown in fig. 8, the method includes: step 801, projecting light rays of a light source to be modulated to a medium layer; the difference value between the refractive index of the medium layer and the refractive index of an environment medium where the three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value;
In the embodiment, the dielectric layer is arranged between the light source to be modulated and the light control structure, the refractive index of the dielectric layer is close to or the same as that of the medium in the environment where the three-dimensional display system is located, or the thickness of the dielectric layer is smaller, so that the light of the light source to be modulated passes through the dielectric layer with the specific refractive index and/or the specific thickness before entering the light control structure, the light can be protected from being influenced as much as possible before passing through the light control structure, and finally, a three-dimensional light field formed by the light control structure can effectively inhibit the distortion in a light path, so that the display definition of the three-dimensional display system is improved, the depth of field of the three-dimensional display system is increased, and the display effect of the three-dimensional display system is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional display system, comprising:
the light source modulation system comprises a medium layer, a light source and a light source, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the medium layer and the refractive index of an environment medium where the three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value;
the light control structure is used for modulating the light of the light source to be modulated after passing through the dielectric layer;
the medium layer and the light control structure are sequentially arranged along the light path of the light source to be modulated.
2. The three-dimensional display system according to claim 1, wherein the light management structure is provided with a substrate.
3. The three-dimensional display system according to claim 2, wherein the substrate and the light source to be modulated are located at different sides of the light controlling structure.
4. The three-dimensional display system according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is located between the dielectric layer and the light control structure, and a difference between a refractive index of the substrate and a refractive index of the ambient medium is smaller than the first preset threshold, or a thickness of the substrate is smaller than a third preset threshold.
5. The three-dimensional display system of claim 2, wherein the dielectric layer is the substrate.
6. The three-dimensional display system according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the dielectric layer is air when the three-dimensional display system is in air.
7. The three-dimensional display system according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the dielectric layer is one or more layers.
8. The three-dimensional display system according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the light management structure comprises one or more of a slit grating, a lenticular grating, an array of micro-holes, and an array of lenses.
9. A three-dimensional display method, comprising:
projecting light rays of a light source to be modulated to the medium layer; the difference value between the refractive index of the medium layer and the refractive index of an environment medium where the three-dimensional display system is located is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and/or the thickness of the medium layer is smaller than a second preset threshold value;
and projecting the light rays penetrating through the dielectric layer to a light control structure so that the light control structure can modulate and display the light rays.
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