CN115166741A - Simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method - Google Patents

Simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method Download PDF

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CN115166741A
CN115166741A CN202211092534.2A CN202211092534A CN115166741A CN 115166741 A CN115166741 A CN 115166741A CN 202211092534 A CN202211092534 A CN 202211092534A CN 115166741 A CN115166741 A CN 115166741A
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王春乐
刘秀清
邓云凯
禹卫东
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Abstract

The invention provides a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method, which comprises the following steps: and extracting the volume scattering component according to the selected polarization coherent volume scattering model. And extracting the scattering weight and the interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering or even scattering components according to the dominant scattering characteristics. And for the surface scattering component, calculating the scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle. And carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount. The invention aims to provide a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method, which improves the interpretation effect of an algorithm on forest and other complex targets.

Description

Simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of a total polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (TomoSAR), and particularly relates to a simplified model-based bi-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method.
Background
The polarimetric interference SAR chromatographic technique is the combination of SAR polarimetric and interference chromatographic techniques, so that the high-resolution imaging radar has the capabilities of target electromagnetic feature detection, target space structure and environment perception, and the polarimetric interference SAR chromatographic technique has further exploration space in the aspects of target detection, target identification, feature parameter extraction and the like. The polarization target decomposition theory is one of the most widely known theories in polarization signal processing, but the target decomposition algorithm combined with SAR chromatography is far less mature than the polarization target algorithm. At present, the algorithm based on the polarization chromatography target decomposition is complex to calculate, and the problem of multi-phase center is neglected, so that the method becomes one of the bottlenecks of the multi-dimensional information extraction technology for restraining the polarization interference SAR.
With the acquisition of mass data repeatedly navigated by airborne and spaceborne polarized SAR systems, the rigid condition for realizing the vertical distance synthetic aperture technology is provided. Multidimensional information extraction aiming at polarimetric interference tomography SAR data becomes a research hotspot in the field of novel SAR systems. However, the current understanding of the target decomposition algorithm of the polarimetric interference SAR tomography is still single, and the multi-phase center problem of the complex target is neglected in the polarimetric interference SAR tomography decomposition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method, which improves the interpretation effect of the algorithm on forest and other complex targets.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method based on a simplified model comprises the following steps:
step 1, extracting a volume scattering component according to a selected polarization coherent volume scattering model;
step 2, extracting scattering weight and interference covariance matrix of surface scattering or even scattering components according to the dominant scattering characteristics;
step 3, calculating scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a double-phase center principle for surface scattering components;
and 4, carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount.
Further, the step 1 comprises:
(1) Selecting a volume scattering model under a reflection symmetry or non-reflection symmetry condition;
(2) Interference chromatography matrix by polarizationRCalculating volume scatter weightsf v And corresponding interference coherence matrixC v ；
(3) Correcting interference covariance matrix to ensure that residual polarization chromatography matrix conforms to physical scattering mechanismC vn A semi-positive Hermite matrix is determined, and the scattering weight of the body is gradually reducedf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Also a semi-positive definite Hermite matrix;
(4) And calculating a polarized coherent chromatography matrix corresponding to the volume scattering components.
Further, the step 2 comprises:
(1) Chromatography matrix according to residual polarizationR r Calculating characteristic parametersp；
(2) According to characteristic parameterspDetermining dominant scattering features in the remaining components;
(3) When in usep>When 1, considering that the surface scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying an even-order scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherence matrix;
(4) When in usep<When 1, considering that even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying a surface scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherent matrix;
(5) And correcting an interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component, and calculating a polarization coherence tomography matrix corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component.
Further, the step 3 comprises:
(1) For each phase center to be determined, calculating its corresponding interference coherence matrix
Figure 770349DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
(2) Traverse phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf x1 ∈[0,f x ]Taking the height and weight value of two phase centers corresponding to the minimum norm of the polarization chromatography matrix difference between the two phase centers and the scattering component on the upper surface as a decomposition result, wherein,f x is the weight of the scatter component to be analyzed.
Further, the step 4 comprises:
and (3) calculating the polarization chromatography power spectrum of each scattering component at each elevation position:
Figure 430131DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 296456DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，
Figure 822115DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is toB a (z) The conjugate transpose is carried out,a(z) Is a vector of the direction of the guide,I (3×3) is a three-order identity matrix of the first order,tr()in order to trace the matrix,R x representing an even-order scattering or surface scattering polarization chromatography matrix.
Has the advantages that:
the method can be applied to feature extraction and scattering mechanism analysis of forest and other complex targets, and improves the interpretation effect of an algorithm on targets containing the dual-phase center.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of chromatographic experimental data;
fig. 3a, fig. 3b, fig. 3c, and fig. 3d are polarization chromatography decomposition power spectra, wherein fig. 3a is a volume scattering component power spectrum, fig. 3b is a surface scattering component power spectrum, fig. 3c is an even scattering component power spectrum, and fig. 3d is a composite graph.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention carries out polarized target decomposition on polarized interference chromatography data into three scattering components of surface scattering, even scattering and body scattering, and obtains multidimensional scattering information of the target. And extracting the volume scattering component according to the selected polarization coherent volume scattering model. And extracting the scattering weight and the interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering or even scattering components according to the dominant scattering characteristics. And for the surface scattering component, calculating the scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle. And carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount.
As shown in fig. 1, the dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method based on the simplified model of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, extracting a volume scattering component according to a selected polarization coherent volume scattering model, comprising the following steps:
(1) And selecting a volume scattering model under the reflection symmetry or non-reflection symmetry condition.
Under the reflection symmetry condition, the surface scattering, even scattering and volume scattering models of the polarized coherent matrix are as follows:
Figure 432088DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(1)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,f s is the weight of the scattering of the surface,βis a parameter of the scattering characteristics of the surface,f d is the weight of the even-order scatter,αis a characteristic parameter of even-order scattering,f v is the volume scattering weight, ts, td, tv are surface scattering and even scattering, respectivelyAnd a volume scattering model;
under the non-reflection symmetric condition, the volume scattering model of the polarization coherent matrix is calculated by the following formula:
Figure 664486DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
(2)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 216559DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
(3)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,nis a randomness parameter, θ is the average tilt angle;
(2) Interference chromatography matrix by polarizationRCalculating the volume scatter component weightf v And corresponding interference coherence matrixC v 。
Bulk scatter component weightsf v And its corresponding interference covariance matrixC v Covariance matrix of polarization-only tomographyRElements of (2N + 1.
For the case of reflection symmetry, the following calculation is used:
Figure 698356DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
(4)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Nis the number of chromatographic observation channels and data symbolsdiagRepresenting the diagonal of the matrix, j being an imaginary unit, angle () representing the angle of the parameter in brackets,C vn rv is a polarization chromatography matrix of the volume scatter component.
For the non-reflection symmetric condition, calculating a volume scattering model under the random randomness parameter n and the average dip angle theta parameterT v (θ) Weight of volume scatter componentf v And covariance matrix associated with corresponding steering vectorC vn . Selecting a volume scattering model with the largest volume scattering weight for forest targetsT v (θ) And the corresponding interference covariance matrix:
Figure 377599DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
(5)
(3) Correcting interference covariance matrix to ensure that residual polarization chromatography matrix conforms to physical scattering mechanismC vn For half positive definite Hermite matrix, and gradually reducing the weight of the scattering componentf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Also a semi-positive definite Hermite matrix.
For a single phase-centered target, the scattering process may be determined by the phase-center heightz 0 The interference coherence process averages the representation of the heights of the nearby L phases. At a set elevation (z min ,z max ) Height of any phase center within rangez 0 The nearby interference covariance matrix can be calculated using the following equation:
Figure 464504DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,a(z) Is a steering vector, the cross label indicates the transpose conjugate of the matrix,Lis a multiple visual mean, z 0+i Is a height parameter. ComparisonC vn And
Figure 938211DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
calculating the F norm of the matrix difference between the two matrixes, and taking the interference covariance matrix with the minimum matrix difference F norm
Figure 923615DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is an interference covariance matrix estimate for the scattering process.
In order to ensure that the residual polarization chromatography matrix after the bulk scattering component is extracted is also a half positive definite Hermite matrix, the weight of the bulk scattering component is gradually reducedf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Are all non-negative.
(4) And (3) calculating a polarized coherent chromatography matrix corresponding to the volume scattering components:
Figure 78653DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
(7)
step 2, extracting scattering weight and interference covariance matrix of surface scattering or even scattering component according to the dominant scattering characteristic, comprising:
(1) Chromatography matrix according to residual polarizationR r =R－R v Calculating characteristic parametersp；
Figure 82381DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
(8)
(2) According to characteristic parameterspAnd (3) determining the dominant scattering features in the residual component.
And judging the dominant scattering characteristics of the residual polarization chromatography matrix according to the following formula:
Figure 726989DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
(9)
(3) When in usep>And 1, considering that the surface scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying an even-order scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherent matrix.
Namely whenp>1, considering that surface scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying even order scattering model and enablingα=0, at this time:
Figure 448958DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
(10)
wherein trace () represents the trace of the matrix,C sn representing the unmodified surface scattering interference covariance matrix;
the even-order scattering component can be calculated from the residual component after the surface scattering component is extracted:
Figure 407686DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
(11)
wherein R is r_s To extract the remaining components after the surface scattering components,C dn representing the uncorrected even scattering interference covariance matrix;
(4) When in usep<And 1, considering that even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying a surface scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherence matrix.
Namely whenp<When 1 hour, considering that even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, simplifying the surface scattering model and ensuring thatβ=0, at this time:
Figure 249609DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
(12)
the surface scattering component can be calculated from the residual component after extracting the even-order scattering component:
Figure 330698DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
(13)
(5) And correcting an interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component, and calculating a polarization coherence tomography matrix corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component.
Similar to the process of extracting the volume scattering component, the interference covariance matrix corresponding to the surface scattering and even-order scattering components is corrected and estimated
Figure 477645DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
And
Figure 36803DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
and through
Figure 15123DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
And
Figure 486687DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
and calculating polarization coherence chromatography matrixes corresponding to the surface scattering and even-order scattering components.
And 3, calculating scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a dual-phase center principle for the surface scattering components, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) For each to-be-determined phase center, calculating a corresponding interference coherent matrix
Figure 120930DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
。
For each pending phase center, it is still assumed that the scattering process (mechanism) is concentrated at a certain phase center heightz 0 Nearby, its corresponding interference coherence matrix can be represented as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
(14)
(2) Traversing phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf s1 ∈[0,f s ]And taking the height and the weighted value of two phase centers corresponding to the minimum difference of the polarization chromatography matrix of the two-phase center and the upper surface scattering component as decomposition results.
At the phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf x1 ∈[0,f s ]And (5) traversing calculation:
Figure 14937DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
(15)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
，f s1 the weight of the surface scatter component for the first phase center position,C s1 is its corresponding interference coherence matrix and,f s -f s1 the weight of the surface scattered component for the second phase centre position,C s2 is its corresponding interference coherence matrix. And taking the height of the two phase centers and the weight value corresponding to the minimum value as a decomposition result.
This step focuses on the surface scatter component, since for forest targets the case of a two-phase center occurs when both diffuse scattering from the ground and diffuse scattering from the canopy occur at the same resolution cell. In fact the algorithm is applicable to other scattering types as well and the algorithm contains a single phase centre.
Step 4, carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition quantity, comprising the following steps:
and calculating the polarization chromatography power spectrum of each scattering component at each elevation position.
Figure 582184DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
(16)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
，a(z) Is a guide vector that is a function of,I (3×3) is a three-order identity matrix of the first order,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is toB a (z) The conjugate transpose is carried out,tr()in order to trace the matrix,Rxrepresenting an even-order scattering or surface scattering polarization chromatography matrix.
The experimental verification of the invention adopts the multi-base linear polarization interference SAR data from the European Space Administration (ESA) 2009 tropical Lin Jizai SAR remote sensing experiment (TropisAR 2009) which is composed of P-waveband full polarization SAR data obtained by 6-rail repeated flight. Airborne data was acquired at the research base of the court yerba guianensis in 8 months in 2009 using the SETHI radar system developed by the french national aerospace research center (ONERA). The data has been calibrated and registered, and sub-images of the panoramic image are cut out for the polarization chromatography experiment, the cut-out region being shown in fig. 2. For a certain row of data (as shown in fig. 2) of the experimental image, firstly, based on PGA phase compensation, it can be found that even-order scattering mainly appears near the surface layer, body scattering mainly appears on the surface layer, but relatively weak surface scattering components also appear on the top layer of the tree crown, as shown in fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, by using the polarization chromatography decomposition power spectrum result under the non-reflection symmetric condition proposed by the present invention. Experimental results show that the scattering characteristics of the target are described more clearly and the scattering mechanism of the elevation distribution is more accurate based on the inversion of the elevation power spectrum of the polarization chromatography decomposition.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization chromatography decomposition method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, extracting a volume scattering component according to a polarization coherent volume scattering model;
step 2, extracting scattering weights and interference covariance matrixes of the surface scattering component and the even scattering component according to the dominant scattering characteristic;
step 3, calculating scattering weights of two phase centers and corresponding interference covariance matrixes by adopting a double-phase center principle for surface scattering components;
and 4, carrying out polarization chromatography spectrum estimation on each polarization chromatography decomposition amount.
2. The simplified model-based dual-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 1 comprises:
(1) Selecting a volume scattering model under a reflection symmetry or non-reflection symmetry condition;
(2) Interference chromatography matrix by polarizationRCalculating a volume scatter component weightf v And corresponding interference coherence matrixC v ；
(3) To ensure residual polarization chromatography matrixR r According with the physical scattering mechanism, the interference covariance matrix is correctedC vn For half positive definite Hermite matrix, and gradually reducing the weight of the scattering componentf v To ensure a residual polarization chromatography matrixR r Also a semi-positive definite Hermite matrix;
(4) And calculating a polarized coherent chromatography matrix corresponding to the volume scattering component.
3. The simplified model-based bi-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said step 2 comprises:
(1) Chromatography matrix according to residual polarizationR r Calculating characteristic parametersp；
(2) According to characteristic parameterspDetermining dominant scattering characteristics in the residual component;
(3) When in usep>1, surface scattering in a residual polarization chromatography matrix is dominant, an even-order scattering model is simplified, and weights of surface scattering components and even-order scattering components and corresponding interference coherence matrixes are calculated;
(4) When the temperature is higher than the set temperaturep<1, leading even-order scattering in the residual polarization chromatography matrix, simplifying a surface scattering model, and calculating the weights of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component and a corresponding interference coherent matrix;
(5) And correcting an interference covariance matrix of the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component, and calculating a polarization coherence tomography matrix corresponding to the surface scattering component and the even-order scattering component.
4. The simplified model-based bi-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step 3 comprises:
(1) For each to-be-determined phase center, calculating a corresponding interference coherent matrix
Figure 263734DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
(2) Traverse phase center heightz 1 、z 2 (z min ,z max ) And weightf x1 ∈[0,f x ]Taking the height and weight value of two phase centers corresponding to the minimum norm of the polarization chromatography matrix difference between the two phase centers and the surface scattering component as a decomposition result, wherein,f x is the weight of the scatter component to be analyzed.
5. The simplified-model-based bi-phase central polarization tomography decomposition method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said step 4 comprises:
calculating the polarization chromatography power spectrum of each scattering component at each elevation position:
Figure 255960DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 403914DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，
Figure 379960DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is toB a (z) The conjugate transpose is carried out,a(z) Is a vector of the direction of the guide,I (3×3) is a three-order identity matrix of the first order,tr()in order to trace the matrix,R x representing an even-order scattering or surface scattering polarization chromatography matrix.
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