CN115165964A - Open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation dynamic characteristic comprehensive testing device - Google Patents
Open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation dynamic characteristic comprehensive testing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive testing device which comprises a gas supply device, a non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace, a rapid temperature rising/reducing device, a temperature/image/quality/gas measuring device, a data terminal and a waste gas processing device. Wherein, the air supply device ensures uniform air supply through the elastic air bag; the non-adiabatic temperature rise furnace basket contains the coal sample which is directly contacted with the air in the furnace and is close to the real environment; the microcrystalline glass wave-shaped heating plate realizes rapid heating; the air cooling device and the water cooling device cooperate to realize rapid cooling; the camera device observes the coal form in all directions; the weight measuring device eliminates environmental disturbance and accurately measures weight; the infrared gas detection and chromatographic column can meet the requirements of rapid and accurate gas detection; the data terminal receives and processes the detection information to determine the coal spontaneous combustion characteristic; the exhaust gas treatment device purifies and treats exhaust gas. The device has high adaptation degree with the real mine environment, high temperature rising/reducing speed and accurate and comprehensive measurement data, and obviously improves the research efficiency of the coal spontaneous combustion characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive testing device, relates to testing of coal spontaneous combustion characteristic temperature, images, quality and gas, can overcome the defects of the traditional testing means, obviously improves the testing accuracy, and belongs to the technical field of coal spontaneous combustion characteristic testing.
Background
China is the largest coal producing country and consuming country in the world, the meeting of 4 months in 2022 indicates that the main energy function of coal needs to be played, the capacity is increased by 3 hundred million tons newly in the year, and the situation that coal occupies the dominant position in energy consumption can last for a long time. Coal mine safety production problems always restrict coal mine development, and with the rapid development and utilization of coal resources in China, the problem of spontaneous combustion of coal in goafs becomes one of main disasters affecting coal mine production. The spontaneous combustion and oxidation kinetics characteristic test of coal in a laboratory can predict the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal to a certain extent and has a guiding effect on actual field work.
At present, the spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristics of coal are mostly tested by adopting an adiabatic programmed temperature chromatography, the method has the advantages of simple operation and fixed program, but still has some defects, mainly including that the adiabatic heating environment is not consistent with the actual production state, the gas supply is difficult to allocate a special proportion, the quality change cannot be monitored, and the data presentation form is single. Therefore, in order to perform more accurate analysis on the spontaneous combustion and ignition characteristics of coal, a comprehensive testing device for coal spontaneous combustion and oxidation kinetic characteristics, which simulates a real environment and has comprehensive and accurate measurement data, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive testing device, which can be used for simulating a coal spontaneous combustion evolution process in a real mine environment under different conditions and determining coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristics.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive testing device, which comprises a gas supply device, a non-adiabatic heating furnace, a rapid heating/cooling device, a temperature measuring device, a camera device, an accurate weight measuring device, a gas detection device, a waste gas processing device and a data terminal, wherein the gas supply device is connected with the non-adiabatic heating furnace;
the gas supply device is hermetically connected with the non-adiabatic heating furnace, so that the gas tightness of the device is ensured, and insufficient gas supply caused by gas leakage is avoided;
the non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace is in an open environment, the periphery of the internal basket is provided with uniform small holes, and the coal sample is contained to be directly contacted with the air in the furnace, so that non-adiabatic temperature rising is realized;
the rapid heating device adopts a microcrystalline glass wave-shaped heating plate and is arranged at the top, the bottom and three side surfaces of the heating furnace, so that the heating speed of the coal sample in the non-adiabatic heating furnace is increased;
the rapid cooling device consists of a water cooling device and an air cooling device, so that the cooling speed of the environment in the non-adiabatic heating furnace after the experiment is accelerated, and the experiment efficiency is improved;
the temperature measuring device is arranged in a vertical detecting device arrangement groove in the center of the basket body, and is used for measuring the temperature of coal samples at different positions in real time;
the camera device is arranged in the non-adiabatic heating furnace, is arranged in a central symmetry way, is arranged at intervals of 90 degrees at the periphery, and can be used for observing phenomena such as coal flame, smoke, color, collapse and the like in an all-around way;
the accurate weight measuring device realizes accurate weight measurement and reduces fluctuation by adding the glass shield and the metal ball;
the gas detection device completes gas detection by using a chromatographic column and an infrared gas detection device, and realizes comprehensive monitoring on a stable gas phase product;
the waste gas treatment device is connected with the non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace and the gas detector, and redundant gas enters the waste gas treatment device to realize the effect of purifying the gas;
and the data terminal collects the temperature, quality, image and gas information detected by the detection device and comprehensively judges the proceeding stage and tendency of the spontaneous combustion of the coal.
Furthermore, the gas supply device comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure regulating valve, a gas distribution instrument, an elastic gas bag and a flowmeter;
the pressure regulating valve is arranged on the gas cylinder, and the pressure of the gas output by the gas cylinder is controlled by the pressure regulating valve, so that the gas can uniformly flow out;
the gas distribution instrument adjusts the gas output flow rate, controls the gas flow, determines the proportion of different gases according to the flow and creates different gas environments;
different gases are mixed in the elastic air bag according to different proportion requirements, the air bag is made of flexible materials and is arranged between the gas distribution instrument and the non-adiabatic warming furnace, and the mixed gases enter the interior of the warming furnace from a side gas inlet at the bottom of the warming furnace, so that the gases are prevented from being mixed unevenly when contacting with a sample;
the flowmeter is arranged between the elastic air bag and the non-adiabatic heating furnace, and is used for observing whether the flow rate of the gas supplied into the non-adiabatic heating furnace is consistent with the requirement or not.
Further, the non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace comprises a shell and a porous basket;
the outer surfaces of the top, the bottom and three sides of the shell are made of stainless steel materials, the inner surfaces of the shell are made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic plates, the stability can be kept at 1500 ℃ for a long time, the abrasion resistance and the corrosion resistance are strong, the inner surface and the outer surface are filled with heat-insulating materials, namely high-alumina cotton and ceramic fiber cotton, and the multilayer heat-insulating structure reduces the heat loss in a non-heat-insulating heating furnace;
the other side surface of the shell is made of double-layer high-vacuum inner cavity high-temperature glass, and a high-efficiency getter is placed in the inner cavity, so that the high vacuum degree in the middle of the double-layer glass is ensured, the high-vacuum inner cavity obviously improves the heat insulation performance of the double-layer glass, and the high-temperature glass can bear the high temperature of 500 ℃ for a long time;
an opening on the upper wall of the heating furnace is connected with a gas alarm for giving an alarm on the overrun gas in real time;
the porous basket is a cylinder with the height of 10cm and the radius of 4cm, the lower cover is fixed, the upper cover is movable, the cylinder is made of transparent high-temperature glass and can bear the high temperature of 500 ℃ for a long time, round pores are uniformly paved on the surface of the cylinder, and the aperture ratio is equal to the void ratio of a coal face;
porous basket cylinder central point puts and is equipped with perpendicular detection device arrangement groove, and basket inside is equipped with three horizontal detection device arrangement groove, and the diameter is 2.5mm, and detection device arrangement groove arranges circular pore all around, and the percent opening equals the coal face void fraction, prevents that detection device from to the influence of coal structure, and detection device arrangement groove internally mounted copper ultra-thin filter screen prevents that the reaction in-process coal body granule from diminishing, advances in the detection device arrangement groove.
Furthermore, the rapid heating device adopts a microcrystalline glass wave-shaped heating plate and is arranged at the top, the bottom and three side surfaces of the heating furnace;
the nano atomization coating is prepared on the microcrystalline glass by the microcrystalline glass heating plate, so that a heated substance is rapidly heated under the action of atomic resonance and infrared rays, and the material is high in heating speed, high in effective electrothermal conversion rate and strong in oxidation resistance;
the heating plate is the wave type, and the wave shape is formed by a plurality of parabolas combination, and the ratio of parabola horizontal projection length and rise is 4:3, the heating area is obviously increased;
the heating speed process of the heating plate is controlled by a programmed heating control system, the heating range is 0-300 ℃, and the graded heating can be realized.
Further, the rapid cooling device comprises a water cooling device and an air cooling device;
the water cooling device consists of a water pump, a radiator, a heat dissipation fan, a water cooling pipeline and a flow regulating valve, after the experiment is finished, the water is circulated by an external water pump, the initial flow rate is set to be 0.5m/s, the water stored in the radiator flows along the water cooling pipeline in the non-adiabatic heating furnace for cooling, and after flowing out, the water is cooled by the heat dissipation fan and circularly flows into the non-adiabatic heating furnace;
the radiator is of a stainless steel structure, the graphene radiating film is laid on the surface of the radiator and is in a flat corrugated shape, the radiating area is increased, and the cooling speed of circulating water is increased;
the water cooling pipeline is of a stainless steel structure, graphene heat dissipation films are laid on the surface of the water cooling pipeline, the graphene heat dissipation films are arranged on the three sides and the bottom of the building, the water cooling pipeline is located at the rear end of the heating device and adopts a loop type pipe, the pipeline connection positions are connected in an arc mode, local loss is reduced, and the width of the water cooling pipeline accounts for more than 3/4 of the width of the inner surface of the furnace;
the air cooling fan is arranged between the rear wall and the water cooling pipeline, so that air flow in the furnace can be promoted, hot air is promoted to be discharged from the opening, and the cooling effect of the water cooling device can be enhanced.
Furthermore, the temperature measuring device is arranged in the porous basket vertical detection device arrangement groove, so that a coal sample is prevented from contacting the temperature sensor, and the service life of the temperature sensor is shortened;
the temperature measuring device selects a single-line multipoint NTC temperature sensor to measure the temperature of coal samples at different positions in real time.
Furthermore, the camera device is connected with a high-definition camera by using a high-temperature-resistant high-definition pinhole lens, so that the imaging effect is excellent, the surface of the lens is made of stainless steel, and the front-end camera shooting part is protected by a quartz shield, so that the camera device can adapt to the high temperature of 300 ℃;
the high-definition pinhole lens is arranged inside the non-adiabatic heating furnace, the junction of the lens and the non-adiabatic heating furnace is in threaded connection, the sealing performance is good, the adjusting aperture and the interface which are made of non-stainless steel materials are positioned outside the heating furnace, and a heat insulation pad is arranged above the threads to ensure the safety of an external structure;
the lower part of the high-definition pinhole lens is provided with a steering connecting piece, the angle of the lens can be adjusted, the length of the lens can be freely selected between 100 mm and 700mm, and the high-definition pinhole lens can adapt to the observation requirements of different positions;
the high-definition pinhole lens has a visual angle range of more than 100 degrees, is symmetrically arranged along the center of the non-adiabatic heating furnace, has 90-degree intervals around the furnace, and is totally four, so that the phenomena of coal flame, smoke, color, collapse and the like can be observed in an all-round way;
arrange high temperature optic fibre light filling lamp in the camera lens, compensate the dark not good shooting effect that causes of light in the non-adiabatic intensification stove, improve the shooting effect definition.
Furthermore, the accurate weight measuring device comprises an accurate electronic balance, a transparent toughened glass supporting table, a transparent toughened glass shield, a fixing groove and a metal ball;
the shell of the precision electronic balance is made of metal, electromagnetic interference is effectively shielded, weights are calibrated inside the shell, artificial measurement errors are reduced, the precision is 0.001g, and the precision is provided with a digital display device, so that the coal mass change in the temperature rise process can be accurately and clearly observed;
the transparent toughened glass support platform is arranged on the upper part of the heating furnace in a prismoid shape, the interior of the support platform is of a hollow structure, silica gel anti-slip strips are pasted on four edges of the lower part of the support platform, a small hole is formed in the center of the top of the support platform and provides a channel for connecting an electronic balance and a net basket, the support platform can prevent a monitoring device on the upper part of the heating furnace from being pressed and provides support for the placement of the electronic balance, and meanwhile, the disturbance effect of environmental wind on a connecting line is prevented to promote the fluctuation of weight measurement and indication;
the toughened glass protective cover covers the supporting table and the electronic balance integrally, so that measurement errors caused by environmental changes or human errors are prevented, the protective cover is slightly wider than the non-adiabatic heating furnace, comprehensive protection is guaranteed, and the protective cover is fixed on the upper part of the device by a penetrating fixing groove;
basket sub-unit connection metal ball for alleviate the intensification in-process in-furnace environment or coal body self structural change and cause the stainless steel connecting wire condition of rocking, this device can realize accurate check weighing and reduce the fluctuation effect.
Further, the gas detection device comprises an automatic drainer, a gas circuit and a gas detector;
the automatic drainer is formed by connecting two U-shaped pipes, and anhydrous CuSO is filled in the automatic drainer 4 Absorbing moisture in the air flow, reducing false peaks and increasingThe accuracy of experimental measurement data is added, and the left end is hermetically connected with the non-adiabatic heating furnace to play a role in guiding gas;
the gas detection device comprises three gas paths, namely a full gas path, an oxygen gas path and a carbon monoxide gas path, the measuring range of the full gas path is 0-40000ppm, the oxygen gas path and the carbon monoxide gas path are externally hung gas paths, the measuring range of oxygen is 0-21%, and the measuring range of carbon monoxide is 0-10000ppm;
the gas detector is connected with the three gas paths, the top of the gas detector is provided with a sample inlet and a detector, and the gas detector internally comprises an infrared gas detection device and a chromatographic column, wherein the infrared gas detection device can realize rapid gas detection on molecules composed of different atoms, such as carbon monoxide, and the like, and the chromatographic column can realize accurate gas detection, so that different functions can be realized according to different requirements;
the gas suction device is funnel-shaped and is arranged on one side of the basket, gas generated in the coal heating process is absorbed in a short distance, a miniature gas suction guide pipe is arranged in the horizontal detection device arrangement groove in the basket, and the gas generated in the coal body in the coal sample heating process can be sucked into the gas detection device.
Further, the waste gas treatment device comprises an air inlet, a grating, an activated carbon layer, an air outlet, a feeding port and a discharge port;
fine small holes are formed in the grating to provide a channel for upward diffusion of experimental waste gas, the experimental waste gas is preliminarily filtered, and impurity precipitates are placed at the bottom of the device;
an active carbon layer is arranged between the upper grid and the lower grid and is honeycomb active carbon, experimental waste gas is contacted with porous active carbon with large surface area, pollutants are adsorbed, and therefore the purification effect is achieved, and gas after primary filtration and active carbon adsorption is discharged from a gas outlet;
dog-house and discharge gate are used for changing in good time to active carbon, and dog-house and discharge gate are inside all to contain the one deck dampproof cloth, prevent matters such as moisture in the air from getting into.
Further, the data terminal can collect information of temperature, quality, image and gas detected by the detection device;
determining and evaluating coal spontaneous combustion characteristic indexes including but not limited to a cross point temperature (DEG C), a temperature gradient maximum value (DEG C/min), a peak temperature (DEG C), a mass critical value (g), a fastest point of failure (g/min), a collapse degree of a coal body, a coal body color and open fire, a gas separation rate (ppm/min), a unit temperature gas separation change rate (ppm/DEG C) and the like according to the collected information, and further comprehensively judging the proceeding stage and tendency of coal spontaneous combustion;
the temperature of the cross point (DEG C) is the temperature when the temperature of the coal sample is equal to the temperature in the furnace at a certain time, the temperature is used for indicating whether the sample can be subjected to controlled temperature rise and spontaneous combustion in a transition stage or not, the maximum value of the temperature gradient (DEG C/min) is used for indicating the degree of the temperature rise rate of the sample, the highest point temperature (DEG C) is the highest temperature reached by the coal sample in an uncontrolled ignition stage, the occurrence of the highest point temperature is used for indicating that the coal sample cannot be completely uncontrolled, and the key index for evaluating whether the coal can be subjected to spontaneous combustion and spontaneous combustion is provided;
the mass critical value (g) represents the state of stable quality reduction of the coal sample after the transition stage is completed, the index is the boundary for out-of-control division, and the fastest point of losing focus (g/min) is the point of sudden mass reduction of the coal sample in the rapid oxidation stage and represents the rapid pyrolysis condition of the coal sample;
the gas separation rate (ppm/min) is the gas separation amount per minute and can represent the gas separation speed at different stages, and the gas separation change rate (ppm/DEG C) at unit temperature is the gas amount released at each rise of 1 ℃ of the coal sample temperature and can represent the gas separation speed at different temperature stages so as to identify the generation temperature of characteristic gas;
the collapse degree, the color and the open fire of the coal body are the indexes for evaluating the uncontrolled combustion in the accelerated oxidation stage of the coal body, and when a coal sample is combusted uncontrollably, the surface of the coal body has the characteristics of collapse, reddening and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive test device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a porous basket and sensor arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rapid heating device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rapid cooling device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a built-in camera device structure and arrangement;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a precise weight measuring device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a gas detecting device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the exhaust gas treatment device;
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive test device, which comprises a gas supply device, a non-adiabatic heating furnace, a rapid heating/cooling device, a temperature measuring device, a camera device, a precise weight measuring device, a gas detection device, a waste gas treatment device and a data terminal;
the gas supply device comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure regulating valve, a gas distributor, an elastic gas bag and a flowmeter, the gas components can be freely regulated according to needs, and are stably input into the non-adiabatic warming furnace after being uniformly mixed, the gas supply device is hermetically connected with the non-adiabatic warming furnace, the gas tightness of the device is ensured, and the insufficient gas supply amount caused by gas leakage is avoided;
the non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace is in an open environment, the periphery of the internal basket is provided with uniform small holes, and the coal sample is contained to be directly contacted with the air in the furnace, so that the non-adiabatic temperature rising is realized;
the rapid heating devices are arranged at the top, the bottom and three sides of the heating furnace, and a microcrystalline glass wave-shaped heating plate is adopted to improve the heating speed of the coal sample in the non-adiabatic heating furnace;
the rapid cooling device consists of a water cooling device and an air cooling device, water cooling pipelines are arranged at the bottom and three sides of the heating furnace, air cooling fans are arranged on the opposite walls of the opening and the rear part of the water cooling pipeline, so that the cooling speed of the environment in the non-adiabatic heating furnace after the experiment is accelerated, and the experiment efficiency is improved;
the temperature measuring device is arranged in a vertical detecting device arrangement groove at the central position of the basket body, and measures the temperature of coal samples at different positions in real time;
the camera device is arranged in the non-adiabatic heating furnace, is arranged in a central symmetry way, is arranged at intervals of 90 degrees at the periphery, and can be used for observing the phenomena of coal flame, smoke, color, collapse and the like in an all-around way;
the accurate weight measuring device realizes accurate weight measurement and reduces fluctuation by adding the glass shield and the metal ball;
the gas detector completes gas detection by using an infrared gas detection device and a chromatographic column, so that the gas product can be quickly and accurately measured;
the waste gas treatment device is connected with the non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace and the gas detector, and redundant gas enters the waste gas treatment device to realize the effect of purifying the gas;
and the data terminal collects the temperature, quality, image and gas information detected by the detection device and comprehensively judges the proceeding stage and tendency of the spontaneous combustion of the coal.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a porous basket and sensor arrangement. The basket is a cylinder, the height is 10cm, the radius is 4cm, the lower cover is fixed, the upper cover is movable, the basket can meet the containing requirements of different sample amounts, and butyl rubber is arranged around the circular upper cover to play a role in sealing and sliding;
the basket body is made of transparent high-temperature glass, can bear high temperature of 500 ℃ for a long time, the surface is uniformly paved with round pores, the aperture ratio is equal to the porosity of the coal surface, and gas can better enter and exit the basket and fully contact with a sample;
the central position of a cylinder body of the porous basket is provided with a vertical detection device arrangement groove, three horizontal detection device arrangement grooves are arranged in the basket, the diameter of each horizontal detection device arrangement groove is 2.5mm, round pores are arranged on the periphery of each detection device arrangement groove, the aperture ratio is equal to the porosity of a coal face, the detection devices are prevented from influencing a coal structure, a copper ultrathin filter screen is arranged in each detection device arrangement groove, coal particles are prevented from being reduced in the reaction process and entering the detection device arrangement grooves, and the service life of the detection devices is shortened;
the temperature measuring device selects a single-line multipoint NTC temperature sensor, the NTC temperature sensor is arranged in the porous basket vertical detecting device arrangement groove, the horizontal detecting device arrangement groove is internally provided with a miniature air suction conduit, and gas generated in a coal body in the temperature rise process of the coal sample can be sucked into the gas detecting device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rapid heating device, which adopts a microcrystalline glass wave-shaped heating plate and is arranged at the top, the bottom and three sides of a heating furnace;
the nano atomization coating is prepared on the microcrystalline glass by the microcrystalline glass heating plate, so that the heated substance is quickly heated under the action of atomic resonance and infrared rays, and the material is high in heating speed, high in effective electrothermal conversion rate and strong in oxidation resistance;
the heating plate is the wave type, and the wave shape is formed by a plurality of parabolas combination, and the ratio of parabola horizontal projection length and rise is 4:3, the heating area is obviously increased;
the heating speed process of the heating plate is controlled by a programmed heating control system, the heating range is 0-300 ℃, and the graded heating can be realized, and the precision is +/-1 ℃.
In one example, a step-wise temperature increase is employed, with a 0-100 ℃ temperature increase rate of 0.5 ℃/min, a 100-200 ℃ temperature increase rate of 1.0 ℃/min, and a 200-300 ℃ temperature increase rate of 2.0 ℃/min.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rapid cooling device, which includes a water cooling device and an air cooling device;
the water cooling device consists of a water pump, a radiator, a heat dissipation fan, a water cooling pipeline and a flow regulating valve, after the experiment is finished, the water cooling device circularly flows by using an external water pump, the initial flow speed is set to be 0.5m/s, water stored in the radiator flows along the water cooling pipeline in the non-adiabatic heating furnace for cooling, the water flows out and is cooled by the heat dissipation fan and circularly flows into the non-adiabatic heating furnace, and the flow regulating valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe, so that the water inlet flow can be regulated according to the actual requirement in the furnace;
the radiator is of a stainless steel structure and is in a flat corrugated shape, the heat dissipation area is increased, the graphene heat dissipation film is laid on the surface of the radiator, the heat conductivity coefficient is high, and the cooling speed of circulating water can be effectively increased;
the water cooling pipeline is of a stainless steel structure, graphene heat dissipation films are laid on the surface of the water cooling pipeline, the graphene heat dissipation films are arranged on the three sides and the bottom of the building, the water cooling pipeline is located at the rear end of the heating device and adopts a loop type pipe, the pipeline connection positions are connected in an arc mode, local loss is reduced, and the width of the water cooling pipeline accounts for more than 3/4 of the width of the inner surface of the furnace;
the air cooling fan is arranged between the rear wall and the water cooling pipeline, so that air flow in the furnace can be promoted, hot air is promoted to be discharged from the opening, and the cooling effect of the water cooling device can be enhanced.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a structure and an arrangement mode of a built-in camera device, wherein the camera device adopts a high-temperature-resistant high-definition pinhole lens and consists of an interface, an adjusting aperture, a heat insulation pad, threads, a stainless steel shell, a steering connecting piece, a high-definition lens, an optical fiber light supplement lamp and a quartz shield;
the high-definition pinhole lens is connected with the high-definition camera, so that the imaging effect is excellent;
the high-definition pinhole lens has the diameter of 0.02m, is arranged in the non-adiabatic heating furnace, can adapt to the high temperature of 300 ℃, is in threaded connection with the junction of the non-adiabatic heating furnace, and has good sealing performance;
the adjusting aperture and the interface made of non-stainless steel are positioned outside the heating furnace, and the heat insulation pad is arranged above the thread to ensure the safety of an external structure;
the steering connecting piece is arranged at the lower part of the high-definition pinhole lens, the angle of the lens can be adjusted, the length of the lens can be freely selected between 100 mm and 700mm, the high-definition pinhole lens can adapt to the observation requirements of different positions, the visual angle range is more than 100 degrees, the high-definition pinhole lens is symmetrically arranged along the center of the non-adiabatic heating furnace, the four high-definition pinhole lenses are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees at the periphery, the phenomena of coal flame, smoke, color, collapse and the like can be observed in all directions, and the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal is measured;
arrange high temperature optic fibre light filling lamp in the camera lens, compensate not adiabatic intensification stove because the dim shooting effect that causes of light is not good, improve the shooting effect definition.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a precise weight measuring device, which comprises a precise electronic balance, a transparent toughened glass support platform, a transparent toughened glass shield, a fixing groove and a metal ball;
the shell of the precision electronic balance is made of metal, electromagnetic interference is effectively shielded, weights are calibrated inside the shell, artificial measurement errors are reduced, the precision is 0.001g, and the precision is provided with a digital display device, so that the coal mass change in the temperature rise process can be accurately and clearly observed;
the transparent toughened glass support platform is arranged on the upper part of the heating furnace in a prismoid shape, the thickness of the toughened glass is 6mm, and the transparent toughened glass support platform has the characteristics of high strength, strong thermal stability and excellent safety, the inside of the support platform is of a hollow structure, silica gel anti-slip strips are pasted on four sides of the lower part of the support platform, a small hole is formed in the center of the top of the support platform, a channel is provided for connecting an electronic balance and a net basket, the support platform can prevent a monitoring device on the upper part of the heating furnace from being pressed, support is provided for placing the electronic balance, and meanwhile, the disturbance effect of environmental wind on a connecting line is prevented to promote the fluctuation of weight measurement and readings;
the toughened glass shield covers the supporting platform and the electronic balance inside to prevent measurement errors caused by environmental changes or human errors, the shield is slightly wider than the non-heat-insulation heating furnace to ensure comprehensive protection, the 1/3-1/2 area in the center of the four sides of the shield extends downwards for about 15cm and is inserted into a protruding U-shaped structure outside the heating furnace to form a penetrating fixing groove, and the shield is fixed on the upper part of the device;
basket sub-unit connection metal ball for alleviate the intensification in-process in-furnace environment or coal body self structural change and cause the stainless steel connecting wire condition of rocking, this device can realize accurate check weighing and reduce the fluctuation effect.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas detection device, which includes an automatic water drainer, a gas path, and a gas detector;
the automatic drainer is formed by connecting two U-shaped pipes, and anhydrous CuSO is filled in the automatic drainer 4 The left end is hermetically connected with the non-adiabatic heating furnace to play a role in guiding gas;
the gas detection device comprises three gas paths, namely a full gas path, an oxygen gas path and a carbon monoxide gas path, the measuring range of the full gas path is 0-40000ppm, the oxygen gas path and the carbon monoxide gas path are externally hung gas paths, the measuring range of oxygen is 0-21%, and the measuring range of carbon monoxide is 0-10000ppm;
the gas detector is connected with the three gas paths, the top of the gas detector is provided with a sample inlet and a detector, the gas detector is internally provided with an infrared gas detection device and a chromatographic column, the infrared gas detection device utilizes different gases to have different infrared wave absorption degrees, the gas concentration is detected by measuring the infrared absorption wavelength, the rapid gas detection of molecules such as carbon monoxide and the like which are composed of different atoms can be realized, the chromatographic column can realize accurate gas detection by fixing different adsorption or dissolution capacities of various components, and thus different functions can be realized according to different requirements.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a waste gas treatment device, which includes an air inlet, a grid, an activated carbon layer, an air outlet, a feed inlet, and a discharge outlet;
fine small holes are formed in the grating to provide a channel for upward diffusion of experimental waste gas, the experimental waste gas is preliminarily filtered, and impurity precipitates are placed at the bottom of the device;
an active carbon layer is arranged between the upper grid and the lower grid and is honeycomb active carbon, experimental waste gas is contacted with porous active carbon with large surface area, pollutants are adsorbed, and therefore the purification effect is achieved, and gas after primary filtration and active carbon adsorption is discharged from a gas outlet;
dog-house and discharge gate are used for changing in good time to active carbon, and dog-house and discharge gate are inside all to be equipped with the one deck dampproof cloth, prevent that substances such as moisture in the air from getting into, cause the wasting of resources, and dampproof cloth is slightly wider than dog-house and feed inlet 1cm, ensures the leakproofness of device, and this device can realize test environment safety and adsorb experiment waste gas.
In the embodiment, the coal spontaneous combustion evaluation index is determined according to the temperature, quality, image and gas information detected by the data terminal collecting and detecting device, so that the proceeding stage and tendency of coal spontaneous combustion are comprehensively judged;
the temperature evaluation index includes: crossover point temperature (deg.C), maximum temperature gradient (deg.C/min), and peak temperature (deg.C); the cross point temperature is the temperature when the temperature of the coal sample is equal to the temperature in the furnace at a certain time, the value indicates whether the sample can be separated from the environment in the transition stage to control temperature rise and spontaneous combustion, the maximum value of the temperature gradient indicates the degree of the temperature rise rate of the sample, the highest point temperature indicates the highest temperature of the coal sample reached in the stage of uncontrolled ignition, and the occurrence of the highest point temperature indicates that the coal sample cannot be completely uncontrolled and is a key index for evaluating whether the coal can be spontaneously combusted and ignited;
the quality assessment indexes include: mass critical value (g), fastest point of loss (g/min); the quality critical value represents the state of stable quality reduction of the coal sample after the transition stage is completed, the index is the boundary of out-of-control division, and the fastest weight loss point is the point of sudden quality reduction of the coal sample in the rapid oxidation stage and represents the rapid pyrolysis condition of the coal sample;
the gas evaluation index includes: gas evolution rate (ppm/min), rate of change of gas evolution per unit temperature (ppm/DEG C); the influence of other gases in the heating furnace can be eliminated by adopting the variation value, the gas separation rate refers to the separation amount of the gases in each minute and can represent the gas separation speed in different stages, and the unit temperature gas separation variation rate refers to the gas amount released when the temperature of the coal sample rises by 1 ℃ every time and can represent the gas separation speed in different temperature stages and is used for distinguishing the generation temperature of the characteristic gas;
the image evaluation index includes: collapse degree, color and open fire of the coal body; when the coal sample is combusted out of control, the surface of the coal body has the characteristics of collapse, reddening and the like;
in one example, after the coal body reaches the point of runaway, the coal body begins to develop into deep oxidation, cracks appear and begin to crack, the cracking collapse phenomenon is generated, and after the collapse of a large-particle coal sample, the coal sample is cracked into smaller particles.
In one example, low rank coals such as lignite are subjected to CO oxidation in a low temperature oxidation stage 2 The CO gas separation rate is low and is basically 0, the temperature change rate is low, and the coal mass has a slight rising trend; in the transition stage, the temperature of the coal body gradually exceeds the temperature of the furnace, the temperature of the cross point is reached, the gas separation rate is gradually increased and begins to develop towards deep oxidation, and the quality begins to decline and reaches the critical value of the quality because the moisture in the coal body begins to evaporate; in the accelerated oxidation stage, the coal body can be out of control to catch fire, the gas precipitation amount is increased, the coal body is red and the surface is shownThe surface collapse phenomenon occurs, obvious black smoke appears on the upper part of the coal body, the mass suddenly drops and the temperature suddenly rises, the heat is continuously released along with the uncontrolled oxidation of the coal body, and the highest temperature is finally reached.
In one example, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the coal sample under different oxygen concentrations is set as U, and the spontaneous combustion tendency U is comprehensively determined by temperature, quality, image and gas. Setting the temperature, quality, image and gas evaluation indexes as peak temperature A, weight loss rate B, collapse degree C and carbon monoxide precipitation rate D respectively when normal air supply (oxygen concentration is 21%); peak temperature A at different oxygen concentrations i Weight loss rate B i Degree of collapse C i Carbon monoxide separation rate D i . Carrying out non-dimensionalization on different oxygen concentration evaluation indexes, and determining the maximum point temperature increase ratio a = (A) i -A)/A, weight loss rate increase ratio B = (B) i -B)/B, collapse degree increase ratio C = (C) i -C)/C and a carbon monoxide evolution rate increase ratio D = (D) i -D)/D. And (3) carrying out importance degree assignment according to the highest point temperature, the weight loss speed, the collapse degree and the carbon monoxide separation speed on the coal spontaneous combustion influence degree, wherein the importance degree assignment is respectively the highest point temperature w, the weight loss speed x, the collapse degree y and the carbon monoxide separation speed z, w + x + y + z =1, further comprehensively judging the coal spontaneous combustion tendency U = aw + bx + cy + dz, adding if the evaluation index promotes the coal spontaneous combustion, and subtracting if the evaluation index inhibits the coal spontaneous combustion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the characteristics of underground real environment and an adiabatic programmed temperature furnace are combined, different underground climatic environments can be simulated really, rapid temperature rise and fall are achieved, parameters such as temperature, images, quality and characteristic gas are measured accurately and comprehensively, and then the dynamic characteristics of spontaneous combustion and oxidation of coal are analyzed.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The open environment program temperature control coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive testing device is characterized in that the testing device comprises a gas supply device, a non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace, a rapid temperature rising/reducing device, a temperature measuring device, a camera device, an accurate weight measuring device, a gas detection device, a waste gas treatment device and a data terminal; the gas supply device is hermetically connected with the non-adiabatic heating furnace; the non-adiabatic temperature rise furnace is in an open environment, and the internal basket contains the coal sample and is directly contacted with the air in the furnace; the rapid temperature raising/reducing device is arranged along the inner wall of the furnace, and the temperature reducing device is positioned at the rear end of the temperature raising device and is closer to the inner wall; the temperature measuring device is arranged on the central axis of the basket to realize multi-point detection; the camera devices are uniformly arranged in the non-adiabatic heating furnace to observe the coal form in all directions; the gas detection device completes rapid gas detection and accurate gas detection by utilizing an infrared gas detection device and a chromatographic column; the data terminal receives and processes the detection information to determine the coal spontaneous combustion dynamics characteristics; the waste gas treatment device is connected with the non-adiabatic temperature rising furnace and the gas detection device, and redundant gas is discharged after being adsorbed by the activated carbon layer.
2. The non-adiabatic temperature increasing furnace of claim 1, wherein the non-adiabatic temperature increasing furnace includes a housing and a basket; the top, the bottom and three side surfaces of the shell are of a stainless steel-heat-insulation cotton-high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate three-layer superposed heat-insulation structure, so that the shell is not easy to deform and has excellent heat-insulation performance; the other side surface is made of double-layer high-vacuum inner cavity high-temperature-resistant glass, can bear high temperature of 500 ℃ and has excellent heat preservation performance, so that the direct observation of the state in the heating furnace by experimenters is realized; the porous basket is a cylinder, transparent high-temperature glass is selected, the height of the porous basket is 10cm, the radius of the porous basket is 4cm, the lower cover is fixed, the upper cover is movable, round pores are uniformly paved on the surface of the cylinder, and the aperture ratio is equal to the void ratio of a coal face; a vertical detection device arrangement groove is formed in the center of the column body, the diameter of the vertical detection device arrangement groove is 2.5mm, a single-line multipoint NTC temperature sensor can be inserted into the vertical detection device arrangement groove, and the temperature of coal samples at different positions can be measured in real time; three horizontal detection device arrangement grooves are formed in the basket, and miniature air suction guide pipes are arranged in the horizontal detection device arrangement grooves, so that air generated in the temperature rise process of the coal sample can be more fully sucked into the air detection device; the detection device arrangement groove is provided with round pores around, the aperture ratio is equal to the porosity of the coal surface, and the detection device arrangement groove is internally provided with a copper ultrathin filter screen to prevent coal particles from becoming small in the temperature rise process and entering the detection device arrangement groove.
3. The rapid heating device according to claim 1, wherein the rapid heating device is a microcrystalline glass wave-shaped heating plate, and is installed at the top, the bottom and three sides of the heating furnace, the wave shape of the heating plate is formed by combining a plurality of parabolas, and the ratio of the horizontal projection length of the parabolas to the rise height of the parabolas is 4:3, the heating area is obviously increased; the microcrystalline glass heating plate enables the heated substance to be heated to be rapidly heated under the action of infrared rays; the heating rate of the heating plate is controlled by a programmed heating control system, the heating range is 0-300 ℃, and the graded heating can be realized, and the precision is +/-1 ℃.
4. The rapid cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the rapid cooling device comprises a water cooling device and an air cooling device; the water cooling device is composed of a water pump, a radiator, a heat dissipation fan, a water cooling pipeline and a flow regulating valve, wherein the radiator and the water cooling pipeline are both made of stainless steel structures, a graphene heat dissipation film is laid on the surfaces of the radiator and the water cooling pipeline, the cooling speed of circulating water is improved, the cooling efficiency in the heating furnace is improved, the water cooling pipeline is arranged on three sides and the bottom of a building, the water cooling pipeline is positioned at the rear end of the heating device and adopts a loop type pipeline, the pipeline joints are all connected in an arc shape, the local loss is reduced, the width of the water cooling pipeline accounts for more than 3/4 of the width of the inner surface of the heating furnace, and the cooling speed is improved; the air cooling fan is arranged between the rear wall and the water cooling pipeline, so that hot air discharge can be promoted, and the cooling effect of the water cooling system can be enhanced.
5. The camera device according to claim 1, wherein the camera device is a high-temperature resistant high-definition pinhole lens connected with a high-definition camera, the surface of the lens is made of stainless steel, and the front camera part is protected by a quartz shield and can adapt to the high temperature of 300 ℃; the high-definition pinhole lens is arranged inside the non-adiabatic heating furnace, and the junction of the lens and the non-adiabatic heating furnace is in threaded connection, so that good sealing performance is ensured; the high-definition pinhole lens is adjustable in angle and length and can adapt to the observation requirements of different positions; the high-definition pinhole lenses are symmetrically arranged along the center of the non-adiabatic heating furnace, are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees at the periphery, and are arranged in total, so that the phenomena of flame, smoke, color, collapse and the like of the coal body can be observed in all directions; high-temperature optical fiber light supplementing lamps are arranged in the lens and used for improving shooting definition.
6. The accurate weight measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the accurate weight measuring device comprises an accurate electronic balance, a transparent tempered glass support platform, a transparent tempered glass shield and fixing groove, and a metal ball; the precision of the precision electronic balance is 0.001g, and the precision electronic balance is provided with a digital display device, so that the change of the coal mass in the temperature rise process can be accurately and clearly observed; the transparent toughened glass support platform is arranged on the upper part of the warming furnace in a prismatic table shape, the interior of the transparent toughened glass support platform is of a hollow structure, a small hole is formed in the center of the top of the transparent toughened glass support platform and provides a channel for connecting an electronic balance and a net basket, and the transparent toughened glass support platform can prevent a monitoring device on the upper part of the warming furnace from being pressed, provide support for the electronic balance and prevent the disturbance effect of environmental wind on a stainless steel connecting wire from causing large fluctuation of weight measurement and indication; the toughened glass shield covers the supporting platform and the electronic balance inside to prevent measurement errors caused by environmental changes or human errors, and the toughened glass shield is fixed on the upper part of the device by a fixing groove; the lower part of the basket is connected with a metal ball for reducing the shaking of the stainless steel connecting wire caused by the change of the environment in the furnace or the structure of the coal body in the temperature rise process.
7. The gas detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gas detection apparatus comprises an automatic drainer, a gas circuit, a gas detector; the automatic drainer is formed by connecting two U-shaped pipes, the left end of the automatic drainer is hermetically connected with the non-adiabatic temperature programmed furnace, and the automatic drainer plays roles in drying and guiding gas; the device comprises three gas paths, namely a full gas path, an oxygen gas path and a carbon monoxide gas path, wherein the oxygen gas path and the carbon monoxide gas path are externally hung gas paths; the gas detector is connected with the three gas circuits, the top of the gas detector is provided with a sample inlet and a detector, the gas detector internally comprises an infrared gas detection device and a chromatographic column, the infrared gas detection device can rapidly detect the gas of molecules such as carbon monoxide and the like which are composed of different atoms, the chromatographic column can realize accurate gas detection, and the gas detector can realize different functions according to different requirements.
8. The waste gas treatment device of claim 1, comprising a gas inlet, a grid, an activated carbon layer, a gas outlet, a feeding port and a discharging port; the grille preliminarily filters the experimental waste gas; an active carbon layer is arranged between the upper grid and the lower grid, the experimental waste gas is adsorbed by using active carbon, and honeycomb active carbon is arranged inside the active carbon layer, so that high adsorption can be realized; gas after primary filtration and activated carbon adsorption is discharged from a gas outlet; dog-house and discharge gate are used for changing in good time to active carbon, and dog-house and discharge gate are inside all to be equipped with the one deck dampproof cloth, prevent matters such as moisture in the air and get into.
9. The data terminal of claim 1, wherein the data terminal can collect information of temperature, quality, image and gas detected by the detecting device, determine indexes for evaluating coal spontaneous combustion characteristics, including crossing point temperature (C), maximum temperature gradient value (C/min), peak temperature (C), mass critical value (g), fastest point of failure (g/min), collapse degree of coal body, coal body color and open fire, gas precipitation rate (ppm/min), unit temperature gas precipitation change rate (ppm/. Degree. C), and perform weight assignment on the index parameters, thereby comprehensively judging the proceeding stage and tendency of coal spontaneous combustion.
10. The open-environment program temperature-controlled coal spontaneous combustion oxidation kinetic characteristic comprehensive testing device according to claim 1, characterized by combining the characteristics of underground real environment and an adiabatic program temperature-rising furnace, being capable of more truly simulating different underground environments, accurately and comprehensively measuring parameters such as temperature, images, quality and characteristic gas, and further analyzing coal spontaneous combustion kinetic characteristics.
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