CN115165069B - Sound field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology - Google Patents
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- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water sound field detection, and particularly relates to a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology, which comprises a modulation driver, an SLD light source, a front-state polaroid, a coupler, a first delay coil, a second delay coil, a polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber hydrophone, a rear-state polaroid, a photoelectric detector and a demodulation module, wherein the sound field measurement array based on the quantum weak measurement technology realizes novel high-sensitivity, high-precision and high-gain sound field array detection; specifically, the invention combines the technical characteristics of extremely sensitive quantum weak measurement to the phase delay of the optical fiber, and combines the acoustic array to improve the signal to noise ratio of the sound field detection signal and detect the weak sound field information which cannot be obtained by the traditional sound field detection technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water sound field detection, and particularly relates to a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology.
Background
The concept of weak measurement in quantum weak measurement is first proposed by aharov, albert and Vaidman in 1988 (y. Aharov, et al phys. Rev. Lett.60, 1351 (1988)), and is called "AAV effect", in which "weak" in the concept refers to weak coupling between a system and a device, and this method that can be read out after amplifying weak coupling is also properly called "weak measurement". The "amplification" in the method is not an amplification of the weakly coupled parameters themselves, but rather an amplification in the probe shows that the technique itself does not introduce additional noise into the system, nor does it increase the complexity of the system. In the weak measurement concept, there are three important processes: pre-selection, weak interaction (Weak interaction), post-selection. The pre-selection state is derived from one-time projection measurement, and the effect is to prepare a needed initial state for a detection system; the weak interaction can be seen as a perturbation to the measurement system to be measured, such that the coupling strength coefficient g is small; the post-selection state is the projection measurement of the system again, so that the information of interest is selected. By projection measurement in a suitable post-selection state, a parameter similar to the magnification factor is finally included in the pointer state, which is called a weak value, and thus the process of magnifying the detection result is also called a weak value magnification. In 2016, an improvement in the weak measurement method called ABWV (Almost Balanced Weak Values) has played an important role in high-precision detection (Martinez-Rincon J, et al Phys. Rev. Lett.,2016, 116: 100803), salazar-Serrano et al reported an important study (Salazar-Serrano L. J., et al Optics Letters,2014, 39: 4478-4481) that demonstrated that weak measurement could be achieved in any wave-based interferometry system, which provides a basis for weak measurement system selection and application development. In the current advanced optical fiber hydrophone and the array technology thereof, an interference type optical fiber device structure is mainly adopted, and the structure also provides a feasible basis for introducing the hydrophone into the quantum weak measurement technology.
Therefore, the two fields of marine acoustics and quantum measurement are mutually crossed and researched, the quantum weak measurement technology is utilized, and an array is formed to meet the actual requirement of high-precision detection in underwater sound detection, so that the method has great significance for the development of the underwater sound detection technology, and has wide prospect and profound scientific significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology, which aims at realizing novel high-sensitivity, high-precision and high-gain sound field array detection aiming at weaker sound fields.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The sound field measurement array based on the quantum weak measurement technology comprises a modulation driver, an SLD light source, a front state-selecting polaroid, a coupler, a first delay coil, a second delay coil, a polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber hydrophone, a rear state-selecting polaroid, a photoelectric detector and a demodulation module, wherein the plurality of couplers are arranged, the coupler comprises a1 st coupler, a 2 nd coupler, a 3 rd coupler, a 4 th coupler, a 2n-1 nd coupler and a 2 n-th coupler, the polarization beam splitter is provided with a plurality of the polarization beam splitters, the polarization beam splitters comprise a1 st polarization beam splitter, a 2 nd polarization beam splitter and a plurality of the optical fiber hydrophones, and the fiber hydrophone comprises a1 st optical fiber hydrophone, a 2 nd optical fiber hydrophone and a n optical fiber hydrophone;
The modulation driver drives the SLD light source to output pulse light, the pulse light is divided into two beams by the 1 st coupler after passing through the front selected state polaroid, wherein the first beam of light is divided into an H component and a V component with mutually perpendicular polarization directions through the 1 st polarization beam splitter, the two beams of light with orthogonal polarization directions are oppositely arranged in the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone, the two beams of light are combined by the 1 st polarization beam splitter, are detected by a photoelectric detector after passing through the 2 nd coupler and the rear selected state polaroid, and are demodulated by a demodulation module, the second beam of light separated by the 1 st polarization beam splitter is divided into two beams by the 3 rd coupler after passing through the delay coil I, the first beam of light is divided into an H component and a V component with mutually perpendicular polarization directions through the 2 nd polarization beam splitter, the two beams of light with orthogonal polarization directions are oppositely arranged in the 2 nd optical fiber hydrophone, the two beams of light are combined by the 2 nd polarization beam splitter, the light is detected by the photoelectric detector after passing through the 4 th coupler and the rear selected state polaroid, the demodulation module is demodulated, and the rear light path structure is repeated to the 2n-1 th coupler, n-th optical fiber is coupled;
The system comprises a modulation driver, an SLD light source, a front selected state polaroid, a1 st coupler, a1 st polarization beam splitter, a1 st optical fiber hydrophone, a2 nd coupler, a rear selected state polaroid, a photoelectric detector and a demodulation module, wherein the complete Sagnac interferometer type weak measurement hydrophone unit is formed together, when an underwater acoustic field changes, the optical fiber length and the refractive index of the optical fiber hydrophone change so as to influence the phase difference between two polarized lights, the demodulation module adopts the combination of a modulation signal of the modulation driver and frequency domain weak measurement to quantitatively acquire a weak sound field sound pressure value corresponding to the optical fiber hydrophone, and the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone to the n optical fiber hydrophone form a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology, and the signal to noise ratio of sound field detection is improved through array gain.
Preferably, the demodulation module combines the modulation signal with the frequency domain weak measurement, and demodulates the sound field sound pressure of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone to the nth optical fiber hydrophone by combining the time domain pulse signal with the frequency domain weak measurement.
Further, the included angle between the polarization direction and the vertical direction of the front-selected polarizer is alpha, and the expression of the front-selected polarization state is: inside the Sagnac interferometer ring structure, |ψ i > =cosα|h > +sinα|v >, transmitted as H light, reflected as V light, and used as two eigenstates respectively. Depending on the orientation of the post-selection polarizer, the post-selection polarization state is expressed asWhere beta is expressed as the angle that the rear state polarizer is making with the front state polarizer,For the phase difference between two eigen state light paths, the influence of the detected sound field changes, the combination of the observable operators can be written as A= |V > < V|, the combination of the observable operators is defined by a weak value, and the expression of the weak value is as follows:
γ=cos αsin (α+β)/sin αcos (α+β) is defined herein, reducing the formula:
In the system, the expression of the shift amount of the center wavelength of the emergent spectrum can be obtained as follows:
Where Δλ represents the Gauss spectral bandwidth of the SLD light source and Im (a ω) represents the imaginary part of the weak value.
Phase difference caused by sound pressure P r Expressed as:
Wherein P e is the elasto-optical coefficient of the optical fiber, eta is the composite strain coefficient of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone, the value of the sound pressure P r at the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone can be realized, and after the nth optical fiber hydrophone jointly obtains the sound field signal, the gain of the sound field signal is 20lg (n), so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound field measurement signal is effectively improved.
Preferably, the optical fiber of the optical fiber hydrophone is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the polarization maintaining optical fiber is coupled and wound on the outer wall of the acoustic sensitization type hollow corrugated pipe to form the optical fiber hydrophone.
Preferably, in the complete Sagnac interferometer type weak measurement hydrophone unit, the transmission output of the 1 st polarization beam splitter is H polarized light, and the same optical fiber polarization direction of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone is used together for reflecting the V polarized light.
Preferably, in the acoustic field measurement array based on the quantum weak measurement technology, each weak measurement hydrophone unit detects underwater acoustic field information together to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of an acoustic field measurement signal.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:
1) The sound field measurement array based on the quantum weak measurement technology realizes novel high-sensitivity, high-precision and high-gain sound field array detection;
2) The invention combines the technical characteristics of extremely sensitive quantum weak measurement to the phase delay of the optical fiber, and combines the acoustic array to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound field detection signal and detect the weak sound field information which cannot be obtained by the traditional sound field detection technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology in an embodiment of the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows:
1-a modulation driver; a 2-SLD light source; 3-front state polarizer; 4-1 st coupler; 5-delaying coil I; 6-1 st polarizing beam splitter; 7-1 st fiber optic hydrophone; 8-2 nd coupler; 9-post-selection polarizer; 10-a photodetector; 11-a demodulation module; 12-3 rd coupler; 13-a second delay coil; 14-2 nd polarizing beam splitter; 15-2 nd optical fiber hydrophone; 16-4 th coupler; 17-2n-1 th coupler; 18-nth polarizing beam splitter; 19-nth fiber optic hydrophone; 20-2 n couplers.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments, all other embodiments that may be obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, a sound field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology comprises a modulation driver 1, an SLD light source 2, a front-state polarizer 3, a coupler, a delay coil one 5, a delay coil two 13, a polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber hydrophone, a rear-state polarizer 9, a photoelectric detector 10, and a demodulation module 11, wherein the SLD light source 2 is a super-radiation light-emitting diode light source, the coupler is provided with a plurality of couplers including a 1 st coupler 4, a 2 nd coupler 8, a 3 rd coupler 12, a 4 th coupler 16, a 2n-1 nd coupler 17, and a 2 n-th coupler 20, the polarization beam splitter is provided with a plurality of optical fiber hydrophone splitters including a 1 st polarization beam splitter 6, a 2 nd polarization beam splitter 14, and an n-th polarization beam splitter 18, and the optical fiber hydrophone splitter is provided with a plurality of optical fiber hydrophones including a 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7, a 2 nd optical fiber 15, and an n-th optical fiber hydrophone 19;
The modulation driver 1 drives the SLD light source 2 to output pulse light, the pulse light is divided into two beams by the 1 st coupler 4 after passing through the front selected state polarizer 3, wherein the first beam of light is divided into an H component and a V component with mutually perpendicular polarization directions by the 1 st polarization beam splitter 6, the two beams of light with orthogonal polarization directions are opposite and arranged in the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7, and are combined by the 1 st polarization beam splitter 6, detected by the photoelectric detector 10 after passing through the 2 nd coupler 8 and the rear selected state polarizer 9, demodulated by the demodulation module 11, the second beam of light divided by the 1 st polarization beam splitter 6 is divided into two beams by the 3 rd coupler 12 after passing through the delay coil 5, the first beam of light is divided into an H component and a V component with mutually perpendicular polarization directions by the 2 nd polarization beam splitter 14, the two beams of light with orthogonal polarization directions are opposite and arranged in the 2 nd optical fiber hydrophone 15, combined by the 2 nd polarization beam splitter 14, detected by the photoelectric detector 10 after passing through the 4 nd coupler 16 and the rear selected state polarizer 9, demodulated by the photoelectric detector 10, and repeatedly coupled by the n-th optical fiber splitter 18 to the n-th optical fiber 2, the n-th coupler 18 and the n-th optical fiber 2 coupling structure is repeated;
The system comprises a modulation driver 1, an SLD light source 2, a front state polaroid 3, a1 st coupler 4, a1 st polarization beam splitter 6, a1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7, a2 nd coupler 8, a rear state polaroid 9, a photoelectric detector 10 and a demodulation module 11, wherein the complete Sagnac interferometer type weak measurement hydrophone unit is formed together, when an underwater acoustic field changes, the optical fiber length and the refractive index of the optical fiber hydrophone change to influence the phase difference between two polarized lights, the demodulation module 11 adopts the combination of a modulation signal of the modulation driver 1 and frequency domain weak measurement to quantitatively obtain a weak sound field sound pressure value corresponding to the optical fiber hydrophone, and the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7 to the n optical fiber hydrophone 19 form a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of sound field detection through array gain.
Specifically, the demodulation module 11 combines the modulating signal with the frequency domain weak measurement, and demodulates the sound field sound pressure of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7 to the nth optical fiber hydrophone 19 by combining the time domain pulse signal with the frequency domain weak measurement.
Further, the included angle between the polarization direction of the front-selected polarizer 3 and the vertical direction is α, and the expression of the front-selected polarization state is: inside the Sagnac interferometer ring structure, |ψ i > =cosα|h > +sinα|v >, transmitted as H light, reflected as V light, and used as two eigenstates respectively. Depending on the orientation of the post-selection polarization plate 9, the post-selection polarization state is expressed asHere beta is expressed as the angle the rear state polarizer 9 is making with the front state polarizer 3,For the phase difference between two eigen state light paths, the influence of the detected sound field changes, the combination of the observable operators can be written as A= |V > < V|, the combination of the observable operators is defined by a weak value, and the expression of the weak value is as follows:
γ=cos αsin (α+β)/sin αcos (α+β) is defined herein, reducing the formula:
In the system, the expression of the shift amount of the center wavelength of the emergent spectrum can be obtained as follows:
where Δλ represents the Gauss spectral bandwidth of the SLD light source 2, and Im (a ω) represents the imaginary part of the weak value.
Phase difference caused by sound pressure P r Expressed as:
Wherein P e is the elasto-optical coefficient of the optical fiber, eta is the composite strain coefficient of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7, the value of the sound pressure P r at the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7 can be realized, and after the nth optical fiber hydrophone 19 jointly obtains the sound field signal, the gain of the sound field signal is 20lg (n), so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound field measurement signal is effectively improved.
Specifically, the 1 st coupler 4 divides the light beam processed by the front state-selecting polaroid 3 into two beams according to a non-equipartition form for seed light sources of the following 2 nd optical fiber hydrophone (15) to the nth optical fiber hydrophone (19); and the optical fiber of the optical fiber hydrophone is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the polarization maintaining optical fiber is coupled and wound on the outer wall of the acoustic sensitization type hollow corrugated pipe to form the optical fiber hydrophone.
Specifically, the lengths of the delay coil one 5 and the delay coil two 13 are limited by the modulation driver 1 and the SLD light source 2 output pulse interval and the photodetector 10.
Specifically, in the complete Sagnac interferometer type weak measurement hydrophone unit, the transmission output of the 1 st polarization beam splitter 6 is H polarized light, and the same optical fiber polarization direction of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone 7 is used together for reflecting the V polarized light.
Specifically, in the sound field measurement array based on the quantum weak measurement technology, each weak measurement hydrophone unit detects underwater sound field information together to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of sound field measurement signals.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification and substitution based on the technical scheme and the inventive concept provided by the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology is characterized in that: the optical fiber hydrophone comprises a modulation driver (1), an SLD light source (2), a front state-selected polaroid (3), a coupler, a time-delay coil I (5), a time-delay coil II (13), a polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber hydrophone, a rear state-selected polaroid (9), a photoelectric detector (10) and a demodulation module (11), wherein the couplers are provided with a plurality of couplers including a 1 st coupler (4), a2 nd coupler (8), a 3 rd coupler (12), a 4 th coupler (16), a 2n-1 nd coupler (17) and a2 n-th coupler (20), the polarization beam splitter is provided with a plurality of the polarization beam splitters including a 1 st polarization beam splitter (6), a2 nd polarization beam splitter (14) and a n-th polarization beam splitter (18), and the optical fiber hydrophone is provided with a plurality of the optical fiber hydrophone including a 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7), a2 nd optical fiber hydrophone (15) and a n-th optical fiber hydrophone (19);
The modulation driver (1) drives the SLD light source (2) to output pulse light, the pulse light is divided into two beams by the 1 st coupler (4) after passing through the front state-selecting polarizer (3), the first beam of light is divided into an H component and a V component with mutually perpendicular polarization directions by the 1 st polarization beam splitter (6), the two beams of light with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are opposite in the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7), the beams are combined by the 1 st polarization beam splitter (6), the pulse light is detected by the photoelectric detector (10) after passing through the 2 nd coupler (8) and the rear state-selecting polarizer (9), the demodulation module (11), the second beam of light which is divided by the 1 st polarization beam splitter (6) is divided into two beams by the 3 rd coupler (12) after passing through the delay coil I (5), the first beam is divided into the H component and the V component with mutually perpendicular polarization directions by the 2 nd polarization beam splitter (14), the two beams of light with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are opposite in the 2 nd optical fiber hydrophone (15), the two beams of light are demodulated and are demodulated by the 2 nd optical fiber (15), the second beam splitter (14) is demodulated by the optical fiber (2 nd optical fiber (2), the n-th polarization beam splitter (14) is coupled by the n-th coupler (18), the n-th optical fiber (18) is coupled by the n-th coupler (18), a2 n-th coupler (20);
The device comprises a modulation driver (1), an SLD light source (2), a front state-selecting polaroid (3), a1 st coupler (4), a1 st polarization beam splitter (6), a1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7), a 2 nd coupler (8), a rear state-selecting polaroid (9), a photoelectric detector (10) and a demodulation module (11), wherein the complete Sagnac interferometer type weak measurement hydrophone unit is formed together, when an underwater acoustic field changes, the optical fiber length and the refractive index of the optical fiber hydrophone change so as to influence the phase difference between two polarized lights, the demodulation module (11) adopts the combination of a modulation signal of the modulation driver (1) and frequency domain weak measurement to quantitatively obtain a weak sound field sound pressure value corresponding to the optical fiber hydrophone, and the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7) to the n optical fiber hydrophone (19) form a sound field measurement array based on a quantum weak measurement technology, so that the signal to noise ratio of the detection is improved through array gain.
2. The acoustic field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology according to claim 1, wherein: the demodulation module (11) combines the modulation signal with the frequency domain weak measurement, and demodulates sound field sound pressure of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7) to the n optical fiber hydrophone (19) by combining the time domain pulse signal with the frequency domain weak measurement.
3. A sound field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: the included angle between the polarization direction of the front selected state polaroid (3) and the vertical direction is alpha, and the expression of the front selected polarization state is: inside the Sagnac interferometer ring structure, the i ψ i > =cosα|H > +sinα|V > is transmitted as H light, reflected as V light and respectively used as two eigenstates, and the post-selection polarization state is expressed asWhere beta is the angle between the rear state polarizer (9) and the front state polarizer (3) in the direction,For the phase difference between two eigen state light paths, the influence of the detected sound field changes, the combination of the observable operators can be written as A= |V > < V|, the combination of the observable operators is defined by a weak value, and the expression of the weak value is as follows:
γ=cos αsin (α+β)/sin αcos (α+β) is defined herein, reducing the formula:
In the system, the expression of the shift amount of the center wavelength of the emergent spectrum can be obtained as follows:
Wherein Deltaλ represents the Gauss spectral bandwidth of the SLD light source (2), and Im (A ω) represents the imaginary part of the weak value;
Phase difference caused by sound pressure P r Expressed as:
Wherein P e is the elasto-optical coefficient of the optical fiber, eta is the composite strain coefficient of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7), the value of the sound pressure P r at the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7) can be realized, and after the nth optical fiber hydrophone (19) jointly obtains the sound field signal, the gain of the sound field signal is 20lg (n), and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound field measurement signal is effectively improved.
4. A sound field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology according to claim 3, wherein: the optical fiber of the optical fiber hydrophone is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the polarization maintaining optical fiber is coupled and wound on the outer wall of the acoustic sensitization type hollow corrugated pipe to form the optical fiber hydrophone.
5. The acoustic field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology according to claim 4, wherein: in the complete Sagnac interferometer type weak measurement hydrophone unit, the transmission output of the 1 st polarization beam splitter (6) is H polarized light, and the same optical fiber polarization direction of the 1 st optical fiber hydrophone (7) is used together for reflecting the V polarized light.
6. The acoustic field measurement array based on quantum weak measurement technology according to claim 5, wherein: according to the sound field measurement array based on the quantum weak measurement technology, the underwater sound field information is detected by all weak measurement hydrophone units together, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of sound field measurement signals is improved.
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