CN115163052A - Parameter measurement method of ultrasonic borehole diameter and ultrasonic borehole diameter logging-while-drilling device - Google Patents
Parameter measurement method of ultrasonic borehole diameter and ultrasonic borehole diameter logging-while-drilling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115163052A CN115163052A CN202210691138.5A CN202210691138A CN115163052A CN 115163052 A CN115163052 A CN 115163052A CN 202210691138 A CN202210691138 A CN 202210691138A CN 115163052 A CN115163052 A CN 115163052A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/08—Measuring diameters or related dimensions at the borehole
- E21B47/085—Measuring diameters or related dimensions at the borehole using radiant means, e.g. acoustic, radioactive or electromagnetic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S15/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
- G01S15/101—Particularities of the measurement of distance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/539—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The application provides a parameter measurement method of ultrasonic well diameter, an ultrasonic well diameter logging-while-drilling device and a computer readable storage medium. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of ultrasonic echo time domain signals which are respectively detected by an ultrasonic echo detector in the same direction and different depths; filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth according to the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to the target depth to obtain a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; and determining the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection according to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal. Through this application, solved among the supersound caliper measurement the problem that the degree of difficulty is big is drawed to first arrival time in the supersound echo signal, can reduce to draw the degree of difficulty of first arrival time from the supersound echo signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of logging while drilling, in particular to a parameter measurement method of an ultrasonic well diameter, an ultrasonic well diameter logging while drilling device and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
In the process of oil and gas exploration and development, the hole diameter measurement is an important component of drilling engineering parameters and formation evaluation parameters, and can evaluate the stability of a borehole and describe the characteristics of an oil and gas reservoir. In the directional drilling process, the well diameter value is obtained in real time, the well condition can be known, the drilling parameters are adjusted and optimized, and the method has important significance for improving the drilling safety. In stratum evaluation, the borehole shape is an important basis for calculating the dosage of well cementation slurry, and meanwhile, the borehole diameter value is also a key parameter for environment correction of measurement data such as radioactive measurement, resistivity measurement and sound wave dispersion analysis.
The ultrasonic borehole diameter measurement utilizes the principle of ultrasonic pulse echo ranging, the receiving mode is immediately switched after ultrasonic pulses are transmitted along the radial direction of a borehole, the interval between the transducer and the borehole wall is obtained by measuring the initial arrival time (the time from the transmission of signals from the surface of the transducer to the reception of borehole wall echo signals) of the ultrasonic waves and combining the sound velocity calculation of borehole mud.
The key of ultrasonic well diameter measurement data processing is accurate extraction in the first arrival time. In the traditional ultrasonic well diameter measurement, a noise template is obtained through a test, and noise interference in an ultrasonic echo signal detected by an ultrasonic echo detector can be removed through the noise template. However, because the actual logging process is affected by factors such as mud density, sand content, well wall smoothness and instrument vibration, the amplitude attenuation of the ultrasonic echo is serious, and environmental noise interference is superimposed, and it is difficult to effectively remove noise interference in the ultrasonic echo signal by using a fixed noise template, so that the difficulty in extracting the well wall echo when the well wall echo arrives is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a parameter measurement method of ultrasonic well diameter, a logging-while-drilling device of ultrasonic well diameter and a computer readable storage medium, so as to at least solve the problem of high difficulty in extracting the first arrival time and the arrival time in an ultrasonic echo signal in ultrasonic well diameter measurement.
A method of parametric measurement of ultrasonic well diameter, comprising: acquiring a plurality of ultrasonic echo time domain signals which are respectively detected by an ultrasonic echo detector in the same direction and different depths; according to an ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to a target depth, filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth to obtain a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; and determining the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection according to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal.
In some embodiments, the depths corresponding to the multiple ultrasonic echo time domain signals are uniformly distributed, and the difference between two adjacent depths is a fixed value.
In some of these embodiments, the fixed value is 0.0762 meters.
In some embodiments, the filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth according to the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to the target depth, and obtaining the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal includes: subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the i-1 th depth detection from the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the i-th depth detection to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; or subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the ith depth detection from the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the (i + 1) th depth detection to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; wherein the ith depth is the target depth, and i is an integer greater than 1.
In some embodiments, the filtering the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal at the target depth according to the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to the target depth, and obtaining the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal includes: and sequentially subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signals obtained by twice detection of the ith depth from the ultrasonic echo time domain signals detected by the (i-1) th depth and the (i + 1) th depth to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signals, wherein the ith depth is the target depth, and i is an integer greater than 1.
In some of these embodiments, before determining the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo probe at the target depth detection from the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, the method further comprises: and carrying out normalization processing on the amplitude of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal.
In some of these embodiments, determining, from the target ultrasound echo time-domain signal, a first arrival time of the ultrasound echo probe at the target depth detection comprises: envelope detection is carried out on the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, and the peak value center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is obtained; and determining a time value corresponding to the peak center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
In some embodiments, there is one ultrasonic echo time domain signal of an adjacent depth used for filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth; according to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, determining the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection comprises: envelope detection is carried out on the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal to obtain the peak value center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, and a first arrival time corresponding to the peak value center position is determined; acquiring adjacent first arrival times of the ultrasonic echo detector in depth detection adjacent to the target depth; and subtracting the two times of first arrival time corresponding to the peak value center position from the adjacent first arrival time, and determining the obtained difference value as the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
In some of these embodiments, determining, from the target ultrasound echo time-domain signal, a first arrival time of the ultrasound echo probe at the target depth detection comprises: sliding a sliding window with a first preset duration in the time domain of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal and obtaining an energy curve and an energy ratio curve corresponding to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; determining the maximum value of the energy curve, and searching the maximum value of the energy ratio curve in the searching range of each second preset time length before and after the time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy curve under the condition that the maximum value of the energy curve is larger than a set threshold value; and determining a time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy ratio curve as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
In some embodiments, the first preset time period is 3 to 4 times the period of the ultrasonic detection signal emitted by the ultrasonic echo detector; the second preset time length is equal to the first preset time length.
In some embodiments, in a case that the number of the searched maximum values of the energy ratio curve is multiple, determining that the time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy ratio curve is the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector at the target depth detection includes: acquiring adjacent first arrival times of the ultrasonic echo detector in depth detection adjacent to the target depth; determining a first arrival time which is farthest from the adjacent first arrival time among a plurality of first arrival times corresponding to a plurality of maximum values of the searched energy ratio curve, and taking the first arrival time which is farthest from the adjacent first arrival time as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
An ultrasonic borehole diameter logging-while-drilling device comprises an electronic device and an ultrasonic echo detector arranged on the surface of a drill collar, wherein the electronic device comprises a memory and a processor, a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to operate the computer program to execute the steps of the ultrasonic borehole diameter parameter measuring method.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program is executed by a processor for the steps of the above-mentioned method for parameter measurement of an ultrasonic borehole diameter.
The embodiment of the application can reduce the difficulty of extracting the first arrival time from the ultrasonic echo signal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in related arts, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic caliper LWD device of the present embodiment during drilling.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic pulse echo ranging principle of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the parameter measurement method of the ultrasonic borehole diameter of the present embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic echo time-domain signals detected at two adjacent depths of the present embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal obtained after filtering according to the embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the sliding window of the present embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an energy curve and an energy ratio curve of the present embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a preferred flowchart of the method for measuring a parameter of an ultrasonic borehole diameter according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first arrival time measurement result of the ultrasonic borehole diameter of the present embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a structural block diagram of the ultrasonic caliper logging-while-drilling apparatus according to the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other examples, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step based on the examples in this application, are within the scope of protection of this application.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art the application can also be applied to other similar contexts on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the claims and the specification should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents in the context of describing and claiming the application are not to be construed as limiting in any way, but rather as indicating the singular or plural. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item appearing in front of the word "comprising" or "comprises" includes reference to the element or item listed after the word "comprising" or "comprises" and equivalents thereof, and does not exclude other elements or items. "connected" or "coupled" and similar terms are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. As used in the specification and claims of this application, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
The parameter measuring method of the ultrasonic well diameter provided by the embodiment can be applied to any existing ultrasonic well diameter measuring equipment without changing a hardware circuit and a mechanical structure of the ultrasonic well diameter measuring equipment. For example, the ultrasonic caliper measurement device may include a single ultrasonic transducer or may include a plurality of ultrasonic transducers. When a single ultrasonic transducer is adopted, the Shan Chao ultrasonic transducer measures in a spiral scanning mode, and in the embodiment, a plurality of ultrasonic echo time domain signals obtained by detection in the same direction and different depths can be extracted to be used for parameter measurement of the ultrasonic borehole diameter. When a plurality of ultrasonic transducers which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the drill collar are adopted, the directions of the ultrasonic transducers are kept unchanged, and a plurality of ultrasonic echo time domain signals obtained by detecting the same ultrasonic transducer at different depths can be extracted to be used for parameter measurement of the ultrasonic well diameter.
The present embodiment will be described by taking an ultrasonic borehole diameter measuring apparatus including three ultrasonic transducers as an example, and is not intended to limit the application field and application scenario of the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic logging-while-drilling device of the present embodiment during drilling, and as shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic logging-while-drilling device includes a metal drill collar body 10 with a radius R0 and three ultrasonic transducers 20, where an outermost circle represents a borehole of the drilled borehole and an outer side represents a formation. The metal drill collar is provided with a groove in the circumferential direction, the three ultrasonic transducers 20 are uniformly arranged in the groove, and the central angles of the three ultrasonic transducers are all 120 degrees. Although the borehole shown in fig. 1 appears to be perfectly circular, the cross-sectional shape of the borehole may not be perfectly circular during actual drilling, or the axes of the metal drill collars may not coincide with the axis of the borehole, and thus the distances d1, d2, and d3 of the three ultrasonic transducers 20 to the borehole wall may not be equal. To obtain the shape of the borehole, d1, d2 and d3 are the parameters to be measured.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic pulse echo distance measuring principle of the present embodiment, and as shown in fig. 2, an ultrasonic transducer based on sound wave travel time measurement has an operating frequency generally higher than the audible range of human beings. The ultrasonic transducer is a signal transmitter and a signal receiver, transmits a pulse sound wave signal, is immediately switched into a receiving mode, and can be reflected when meeting different medium interfaces in the sound wave transmission process, so that the reflected echo is called as a reflected echo, and the travel time of the reflected echo is extracted, namely the travel time is first arrived, and the distance d between the ultrasonic transducer and the well wall can be calculated by combining the sound velocity of the medium.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the method for measuring parameters of ultrasonic borehole diameter according to the embodiment, and as shown in fig. 3, the flowchart includes the following steps:
step S301, a plurality of ultrasonic echo time domain signals obtained by the ultrasonic echo detector in the same direction and different depths are obtained.
In step S301, the ultrasonic echo detector is an ultrasonic transducer operating in a receiving mode. Since the orientations of the three ultrasonic transducers in this embodiment are all kept unchanged, the above-mentioned multiple ultrasonic echo time domain signals can be obtained from the same ultrasonic echo detector.
Generally speaking, the ultrasonic transducer collects ultrasonic echo time domain signals once every time the ultrasonic transducer drills down to a certain depth, and the intervals of the depths can be uniform intervals or non-uniform intervals. In the present embodiment, neither the uniform spacing depth nor the non-uniform spacing depth is limited.
In some embodiments, the difference between two adjacent depths does not exceed a certain threshold, so as to ensure that noise interference between the adjacent depths is closer, which is beneficial to interference elimination in subsequent steps, thereby improving the accuracy of parameter measurement. The threshold may be, for example, 0.0762 meters.
In other embodiments, the acquisition depths of the plurality of ultrasonic echo time-domain signals are uniformly distributed at intervals, and the difference between two adjacent acquisition depths is a fixed value. The fixed value also does not exceed a threshold value, which may also be 0.0762 meters, for example. The depth interval with fixed value can simplify the subsequent parameter data presentation steps, for example, when parameter data with different depths are presented, the parameter data only need to be arranged at intervals uniformly without considering the difference of the acquisition depth intervals among the parameter data.
Step S302, filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth according to the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the depth detection adjacent to the target depth to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal.
The principle of the filtering process is as follows: noise interference generated by the same ultrasonic echo detector is the same in a short time, and the geological conditions of adjacent depths are similar, namely the noise interference generated due to soil and other reasons is basically the same, so that the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth can be subjected to differential filtering processing by adopting the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by detecting the depth adjacent to the target depth (the depth corresponding to the parameter to be detected), and the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal which can be used for extracting the first arrival time is obtained.
Since the present embodiment is not limited to performing the filtering process while acquiring the ultrasound echo time-domain signal, the depth adjacent to the target depth may be not only the previous acquisition depth adjacent to the target depth, but also the subsequent acquisition depth adjacent to the target depth, or may be both the previous acquisition depth and the subsequent acquisition depth. The advantage of performing filtering processing based on the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of one depth adjacent to the target depth is that implementation is simpler and occupies lower computational resources, and performing filtering processing based on the ultrasonic echo time domain signals of two depths before and after adjacent to the target depth is equivalent to estimating the interference of the target depth by adopting the interference of two depths before and after adjacent to the target depth, so that the effect of eliminating the interference can be further improved.
In the case of filtering based on the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal detected at an adjacent depth, the step S302 may include: and (3) subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the i-1 th depth detection from the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the i-th depth detection to obtain a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal. Or, subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the ith depth detection from the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the (i + 1) th depth detection to obtain a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal.
For example,
；
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
；
wherein, the original ultrasonic pulse echo time domain signal collected by the ultrasonic transducer at a certain depth is recorded as
I denotes the depth, j denotes the time,
and N represents the number of time sample points.
And the reflected echo signal of the ith depth point at the time j after the adaptive filtering processing is adopted is shown.
In this embodiment, the larger the depth index is, the deeper the depth is, that is, the i-1 th depth is a depth before the target depth, and the i +1 th depth is a depth after the target depth.
In the case of filtering based on two adjacent depth-detected ultrasonic echo time-domain signals, the step S302 may include: and sequentially subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signals obtained by twice detection of the ith depth from the ultrasonic echo time domain signals detected by the ith-1 depth and the ith +1 depth to obtain target ultrasonic echo time domain signals.
For example, in the case of a liquid,
；
wherein, the original ultrasonic pulse echo time domain signal collected by the ultrasonic transducer at a certain depth is recorded as
I denotes depth, j denotes time,
and N represents the number of time sampling points.
And the reflected echo signal of the ith depth point at the time j after the adaptive filtering processing is adopted is shown.
The following description will proceed by taking the example of filtering the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal detected based on an adjacent depth.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of two adjacent depth-detected ultrasonic echo time-domain signals of the embodiment, where curve (1) is the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal detected at the i-1 th depth, and curve (2) is the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal detected at the i-th depth. Each detected original ultrasonic echo time domain signal comprises two parts, as shown in fig. 4, 0 to 100 μ s are mainly noise interference, and a waveform near 100 μ s is an actual reflected echo signal. The fact that the noise interference waveforms of 0-100 μ s are almost the same can be observed from the curve (1) and the curve (2), because the environments of the same ultrasonic transducer at two adjacent depths are basically the same, and therefore the waveforms of the noise interference generated inside and outside are also almost the same. Although generally the amplitude or energy of the actual reflected echo signal is greater than the noise interference signal, as shown in curve (2) of fig. 4. In some cases, as shown in the curve (1) of fig. 4, the amplitude of the reflected echo signal may be even smaller than that of the noise interference signal, and in such a case, the noise interference signal is easily misjudged as the reflected echo signal, thereby causing a ranging error.
Taking the filtering based on the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal detected at the i-1 th depth as an example, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal obtained after the filtering in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal is a waveform diagram obtained by subtracting the curve (1) and the curve (2) shown in fig. 4. Since the noise interference waveforms of the curve (1) and the curve (2) are almost the same, the noise interference is almost completely eliminated after the two curves are subtracted. And the actual reflected echo signals on the two curves are also subjected to difference, although the reflected echo signal in the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is no longer any one actually detected reflected echo signal, unless the waveforms and phases of the two reflected echo signals are completely consistent (which is almost impossible in an actual situation; even if there is such a possibility, the waveforms of the reflected echo signals can be avoided being completely cancelled by controlling the amplitude/energy values of the ultrasonic pulse transmitting signals at two adjacent depths), the two reflected echo signals cannot be cancelled by each other certainly, and because noise interference is almost completely eliminated, the reflected echo signal in the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is detected more easily, so that the possibility of detection errors is reduced.
It should be noted that, the difference between the two reflected echo signals may increase the peak value of the reflected echo signal obtained after the difference is made, decrease the peak value of the reflected echo signal, or generate two peaks spaced at a certain distance, and the extraction of the first arrival time is not affected when the peak value is increased or decreased. For the case that two wave peaks spaced at a certain distance exist, each wave peak may represent a first arrival time, that is, the first arrival time determined based on the waveform position in the reflected echo signal obtained after the difference is made may not be the first arrival time of the current depth, for example, may be the real first arrival time of the i-1 th depth or the i +1 th depth. However, it can be understood that, since the distance between the depths of the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal is small enough, even if there is a case that the first arrival time error of the i-1 th depth is regarded as the first arrival time of the i-th depth, it can be tolerated in the actual working condition.
Step S303, determining a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection according to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal.
After the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is obtained, the time when the energy value in the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is the maximum is detected, namely the time when the reflected echo signal reaches the ultrasonic transducer, and then the first arrival time of the target depth can be determined according to the difference value between the time when the reflected echo signal reaches the ultrasonic transducer and the time when the ultrasonic transducer emits ultrasonic pulses.
The amplitude and energy of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained after filtering are different, and the key point for detecting the reflected echo signal lies in detecting the poles of the amplitude and the energy, and does not pay attention to the absolute values of the amplitude and the energy, so that the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal can be normalized in the embodiment, so that the time domain signal can more clearly reflect the first arrival of the effective reflected echo signal, the difficulty of detecting the reflected echo signal from the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is reduced, and the setting of a uniform energy or amplitude threshold value for eliminating interference in the detection is facilitated.
For example, the normalization process may be performed in the following manner, and the value range of the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal may be limited to be between-1.0 and 1.0:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
indicating that the ith depth point reflects the echo signal at the time j after the normalization processing,
representing the time domain signal maximum at the ith depth,
representing the time domain signal minimum at the ith depth.
In the step S303, according to the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal, it is determined that the detection manner that the ultrasonic echo detector can adopt in the first arrival time of the target depth detection includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following manners: envelope detection, detection based on energy ratio, detection based on energy value.
For example, when envelope detection is adopted, envelope detection may be performed on the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal to obtain a peak center position of the target ultrasonic echo time-domain signal; and then determining a time value corresponding to the peak value center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection. By using envelope detection, even if the aforementioned defects occur: the first arrival time determined based on the waveform position in the reflected echo signal obtained after the difference is made may not be the first arrival time of the current depth, for example, may be the real first arrival time of the (i-1) th depth or the (i + 1) th depth; at this time, the average value of the real first arrival time of the i-1 th depth and the ith depth can be obtained by adopting an envelope detection method to serve as the first arrival time detection value of the ith depth. Therefore, the envelope detection mode can improve the accuracy of the first arrival time detection, so that the first arrival time detection value of the target depth is influenced by the first arrival time of the adjacent depth to a smaller extent.
In some embodiments, the first arrival time effect of adjacent depths may also be eliminated altogether. For example, step S303 may adopt the following manner: under the condition that the number of the ultrasonic echo time domain signals of the adjacent depth used for filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth is one; envelope detection can be performed on a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal to obtain a peak value center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, and a first arrival time corresponding to the peak value center position is determined; then acquiring an adjacent first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in depth detection adjacent to the target depth; and finally, making a difference between the two times of first arrival time corresponding to the central position of the peak value and the adjacent first arrival time, and determining the obtained difference value as the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection. By the method, the adjacent first arrival time of the adjacent depth detection is additionally acquired, and the first arrival time obtained by envelope detection is corrected according to the adjacent first arrival time, so that the actual first arrival time of the target depth is obtained.
In other embodiments, the reflected echo signal is detected using an energy value in combination with an energy ratio. For example, step S303 takes the following form: firstly, sliding a sliding window with a first preset duration in the time domain of a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal and obtaining an energy curve and an energy ratio curve corresponding to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; then, determining a maximum value of the energy curve, and searching the maximum value of the energy ratio curve in a searching range of each second preset time length before and after a time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy curve under the condition that the maximum value of the energy curve is larger than a set threshold value; and finally, determining a time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy ratio curve as the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sliding window of the present embodiment, where the range of the sliding window shown in fig. 6 is [ T1, T2], and T0 is the center of the sliding window, and the first preset time period may be 3 to 4 times the period of the ultrasonic pulse signal emitted by the ultrasonic transducer.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an energy curve and an energy ratio curve of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the numerical value of each point on the energy curve and the energy ratio curve is calculated by the following formula:
the ith depth point energy calculation formula:
；
the ith depth point energy ratio calculation formula:
and respectively calculating the maximum value positions of the energy curves and the energy ratio curves based on the energy curves and the energy ratio curves. In order to eliminate the interference of the maximum value with a smaller value, the energy threshold may be set as
If the maximum value of the energy curve is larger than or equal to the energy threshold value, the position of the maximum value of the energy curve is determined
Otherwise, the maximum is ignored.
The search range set in the present embodiment is a range before and after the maximum value position on the energy curve, for example, [ solution ]
,
]Wherein, in the step (A),
the search window length is indicated, that is, the second preset time period is equal to the first preset time period. And determining the maximum position of the energy ratio curve in the range, and taking the time corresponding to the position as the first arrival time T of the reflected echo signal, wherein the first arrival time T directly reflects the distance d between the surface of the ultrasonic transducer and the well wall.
In the above embodiment, the energy curve is combined with the energy ratio curve, and the operation efficiency can be improved by searching for a maximum value in the sliding window. For the mode of directly searching the maximum value on the energy ratio curve, under the condition that the gap between the drill collar and the well wall is large, the effective reflection echo amplitude is small, and the small interference wave signals which are not eliminated can cause error identification. Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment, the mode of combining the energy curve with the energy ratio curve is adopted, the small interference waves can be effectively eliminated by using the energy method, and then the effective reflection echo can be more accurately identified by using the energy ratio method, so that the accuracy of the identification of the reflection echo signal is improved.
The method of parametric measurement of the energy curve in combination with the energy ratio curve described above is illustrated in fig. 8.
In addition, similar to the envelope detection, the above embodiment may further correct the first arrival time of the target depth by additionally acquiring the first arrival times of adjacent depths, for example, in the case that the number of the maximum values of the searched energy ratio curve is plural, when the time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy ratio curve is determined as the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector at the target depth detection, the following manner may be adopted: firstly, acquiring adjacent first arrival times of an ultrasonic echo detector in depth detection adjacent to a target depth; then, determining a plurality of first arrival times corresponding to a plurality of maximum values of the searched energy ratio curve, wherein the first arrival times are farthest from adjacent first arrival times, and using the first arrival times with the farthest distances from the adjacent first arrival times as the first arrival times of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection. By the above manner, the influence of the first arrival time of adjacent depths can be completely eliminated.
The ultrasonic echo time-domain signals acquired by the three ultrasonic transducers of this embodiment can all obtain the first arrival time of the respective target depth in the same manner as described above, and fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first arrival time-domain measurement result of the ultrasonic borehole diameter of this embodiment. The larger the first arrival time, the farther the surface of the ultrasonic transducer is from the well wall, and it can be seen that the first arrival times of three different directions have different variation trends at different depths. Meanwhile, it can be seen from fig. 9 that there is a certain correlation between the first arrival times detected by the three ultrasonic transducers at the same depth, for example, at 2200m, the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the ultrasonic transducer 3 both have a large first arrival time, and the ultrasonic transducer 2 has a small first arrival time, which indicates that the center of the drill collar is shifted toward the direction pointed by the ultrasonic transducer 2.
In addition, the speed of sound Vmuds of the borehole mud can be obtained through experiments, and the values R1, R2 and R3 of the borehole radius of three different transducers can be obtained by utilizing the known radius R0 of the metal drill collar, namely:
wherein d1, d2 and d3 can be calculated by the following formula:
therefore, the change condition of the borehole shape can be intuitively reflected by the accurate extraction of the self-adaptive first arrival time information of the reflected echo signal.
The embodiment also provides an ultrasonic borehole diameter logging-while-drilling device. Fig. 10 is a block diagram of the structure of the ultrasonic caliper while drilling logging apparatus of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the apparatus includes an electronic device 110 and an ultrasonic echo detector 120 disposed on the surface of the drill collar, the electronic device 110 includes a memory 111 and a processor 112, a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor 112 is configured to execute the computer program to perform the steps of the above-mentioned parameter measurement method of the ultrasonic caliper.
The electronic device 110 described above may also include a communication interface 113. The communication interface 113 may be a wired interface (e.g., an ethernet interface) or a wireless interface (e.g., a cellular network interface or a wireless local area network interface) for communicating with other modules/devices.
The present embodiments also provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of a method of parametric measurement of ultrasonic borehole diameter.
In summary, the above embodiments can achieve at least the following advantages:
1. in interference wave elimination, most of the interference wave elimination systems collect a fixed interference wave signal in a laboratory or a ground environment, and the fixed interference signal is subtracted from a collected original signal during downhole measurement. The method and the device for eliminating the interference waves have the advantages that the information of the adjacent depth points is used, real interference wave signals under the underground environment can be obtained, the interference wave eliminating effect is improved, the amplitude of effective reflection echo signals is increased, and accurate extraction in the follow-up first arrival time is facilitated.
2. In the effective echo identification after the interference wave is eliminated, the energy ratio method is mostly adopted in the related technology, and under the condition of large gap, the amplitude of the effective reflection echo is small, and the small interference wave signal which is not eliminated can cause the error identification. According to the embodiment of the application, the energy method is combined with the energy ratio method, the small interference waves can be effectively eliminated by the energy method, then the energy ratio method is utilized, effective reflection echoes can be identified more accurately, and the accuracy of reflection echo identification is improved.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the figures are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and may be performed in other orders unless explicitly stated herein. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flow chart of the figure may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, which are not necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
The foregoing is only a few embodiments of the present application and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present application, and that these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring a parameter of an ultrasonic borehole diameter, comprising:
acquiring a plurality of ultrasonic echo time domain signals which are respectively detected by an ultrasonic echo detector in the same direction and different depths;
according to an ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to a target depth, filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth to obtain a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal;
and determining the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection according to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the depths corresponding to the plurality of ultrasonic echo time-domain signals are uniformly distributed, and a difference between two adjacent depths is a fixed value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal at the target depth according to the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to the target depth to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal comprises:
the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the ith-1 th depth detection is subtracted from the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the ith depth detection to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal; or
Subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the ith depth detection from the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by the (i + 1) th depth detection to obtain a target ultrasonic echo time domain signal;
wherein the ith depth is the target depth, and i is an integer greater than 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal at the target depth according to the ultrasonic echo time domain signal obtained by depth detection adjacent to the target depth to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal comprises:
and sequentially subtracting the ultrasonic echo time domain signals obtained by twice detection of the ith depth from the ultrasonic echo time domain signals detected by the (i-1) th depth and the (i + 1) th depth to obtain the target ultrasonic echo time domain signals, wherein the ith depth is the target depth, and i is an integer greater than 1.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein determining, from the target ultrasound echo time domain signal, a first arrival time of the ultrasound echo probe at the target depth detection comprises:
envelope detection is carried out on the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, and the peak value center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal is obtained;
and determining a time value corresponding to the peak center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of the ultrasonic echo time domain signals of adjacent depths used for filtering the ultrasonic echo time domain signal of the target depth is one; according to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, determining the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection comprises:
envelope detection is carried out on the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal to obtain the peak value center position of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal, and a first arrival time corresponding to the peak value center position is determined;
acquiring adjacent first arrival times of the ultrasonic echo detector in depth detection adjacent to the target depth;
and subtracting the two times of first arrival time corresponding to the peak value center position from the adjacent first arrival time, and determining the obtained difference value as the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein determining, from the target ultrasound echo time domain signal, a first arrival time of the ultrasound echo probe at the target depth detection comprises:
sliding a sliding window with a first preset duration in the time domain of the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal and obtaining an energy curve and an energy ratio curve corresponding to the target ultrasonic echo time domain signal;
determining the maximum value of the energy curve, and searching the maximum value of the energy ratio curve in the searching range of each second preset time length before and after the time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy curve under the condition that the maximum value of the energy curve is larger than a set threshold value;
and determining a time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy ratio curve as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in the case that the number of the searched maximum values of the energy ratio curve is multiple, determining that the time value corresponding to the maximum value of the energy ratio curve is the first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector at the target depth detection comprises:
acquiring an adjacent first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in depth detection adjacent to the target depth;
determining a first arrival time which is farthest from the adjacent first arrival time among a plurality of first arrival times corresponding to a plurality of maximum values of the searched energy ratio curve, and taking the first arrival time which is farthest from the adjacent first arrival time as a first arrival time of the ultrasonic echo detector in the target depth detection.
9. An ultrasonic caliper logging-while-drilling apparatus comprising electronics and an ultrasonic echo detector disposed on a surface of a drill collar, the electronics comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the memory has stored therein a computer program, the processor being arranged to execute the computer program to perform the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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