CN115162222B - Configuration method for zoning anti-dazzle plants in expressway - Google Patents
Configuration method for zoning anti-dazzle plants in expressway Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
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- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/06—Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Securing anti-dazzle means to crash-barriers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of expressway antiglare, in particular to a method for configuring zonal antiglare plants in an expressway, which comprises the following steps: obtaining plant crown web d 0 Calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the road line shape, and then calculating a plant crown width d 0 And calculating the plant minimum distance 1 according to the geometric relation between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum distance 1, and configuring the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the expressway in a zoning way according to the calculated plant minimum distance 1. The invention provides a configuration method of a zoned anti-dazzle plant in a highway, which is capable of calculating an anti-dazzle angle more accurately by considering characteristic differences of route lines, further calculating a minimum distance between plants and configuring a distance between zoned adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the highway, and is beneficial to obtaining a better anti-dazzle effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of expressway antiglare, in particular to a configuration method of a zonal antiglare plant in an expressway.
Background
When a driver drives on a highway, particularly on a curve road at night, the driver is easy to be stimulated by glare of a head light facing an oncoming vehicle, and the driving safety is influenced. The antiglare facility is divided into an antiglare panel, an antiglare net and antiglare plants, and compared with the antiglare panel and the antiglare net, the antiglare facility has good antiglare effect, can increase the greening rate of the expressway, is superior to the antiglare panel in view effect and environmental protection, and is favorable for relieving fatigue feeling and monotonous feeling of drivers.
However, the existing specifications have certain defects on the anti-dazzle plant setting, have certain blindness and uncertainty on the anti-dazzle plant setting in engineering practice, mostly follow the 'unified and tidy' guiding thought, do not consider the linear characteristic difference of the route, cause deviation in anti-dazzle angle calculation, and weaken the anti-dazzle effect of greening plants of the central separation belt. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the background technology, the invention provides a configuration method of the zoning anti-dazzle plants in the expressway, which can calculate the anti-dazzle angle more accurately by considering the characteristic difference of the route line shape, further calculate the minimum distance of the plants better and configure the distance between the zoning adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the expressway, and can be beneficial to obtaining better anti-dazzle effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a configuration method of a zonal antiglare plant in a highway comprises the following steps: obtaining a plant crown width d0, calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the road line shape, calculating a plant minimum distance l according to the geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum distance l, and configuring the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the expressway in a zoning way according to the calculated plant minimum distance l.
Preferably, when the road line is a curve, the antiglare angle is increased by α based on the standard antiglare angle θ of the curve, i.e., the corrected antiglare angle γ=θ+α.
Preferably, the geometrical relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing l is as follows: l=d0/sin theta, and the calculation formula of the curve section standard anti-dazzle angle is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the center division belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, b3 is the distance between the place where the driver is located and the center line of the center division belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, θ 0 The anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is the anti-dazzle angle.
Preferably, the line-of-sight deflection angle α is an angle between a driver's line-of-sight direction and a vehicle traveling direction, and when a curve section of which the turning direction is toward a oncoming vehicle is a left-hand curve section, calculating the line-of-sight deflection angle α includes the steps of:
s1, in a plane of a left curve section, a vehicle is positioned in an nth lane from the outer edge of a central separation belt, the width of a single lane is L0, the center of a flat curve of the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as point 0, the viewpoint position of a driver is set as point A, the flat curve vertex of a lane line of the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as point B, namely the direction of the line of sight of the driver is directed from A to B, the intersection point of an OA connecting line and the lane line of the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as point C, the point D is a point on a tangent line passing through the point A and the running direction of the vehicle is directed from A to D, the position of a wheel on the left side of the vehicle is set as point E and the point E is positioned on a line segment OA, the curvature radius of a center of a line of the center separation belt of the lane line of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as R, the width of the center separation belt is set as D, and the lateral distance between the driver and the lane line of the inner side of the vehicle is set as L AC Let the lateral distance between the position of the driver's viewpoint and the left wheel of the vehicle be l AE Let the lateral distance between the left wheel and the lane line inside the lane where the vehicle is located be l CE ；
S2, according to the geometric relationship, the sight deflection angle alpha is equal to AOB, l AC ＝l AE +l CE And satisfies the following formula:
further, it can be determined that:
preferably, when the driver drives the vehicle to pass through the left-most lane of the left-hand curve, n=1, and the calculation formula of the line-of-sight deflection angle α is simplified to:
preferably, after step S1 and before step S2, the vehicle model is selected and calculated and the following data are obtained: the width d of the central dividing strip, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve road section are used for determining the transverse distance l between the viewpoint position of a driver and the left wheel of the vehicle through the selected calculation vehicle type AE Determining the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located by selecting the calculated vehicle type and the design speed of the curve road section CE 。
Preferably, based on the corrected anti-dazzle angle, the geometrical relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing l is combined to obtain a spacing calculation formula of the anti-dazzle plants of the central separation zone of the left-hand curved road section of the expressway, wherein the spacing calculation formula is as follows:
preferably, the selection of the plant type is performed before the acquisition of the plant canopy web d0, the plant type selection scheme comprising: central separator strip condition evaluation, constraint conditions are set up; judging evergreen arbor of the plant; evaluating plant growth characteristics; evaluating the safety characteristics of plants; evaluating plant landscape characteristics; evaluating plant cultivation cost; and (5) carrying out comprehensive plant selection sorting and outputting a plant configuration scheme.
Preferably, the selection of the plant type is performed before the acquisition of the plant canopy web d0, and a plant type selection scheme is formulated based on an antiglare plant selection system, the establishment of which comprises: and selecting a criterion layer index, selecting an index layer index, determining weight coefficients of the criterion layer index and the index layer index by using an AHP (advanced high performance liquid chromatography) analytic hierarchy process, and further sequencing the importance of the indexes.
Preferably, the site condition, the functional characteristic and the cultivation characteristic are selected as standard layer indexes, the site condition indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of geographic location, country adaptability and central partition condition, the functional characteristic indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of anti-dazzle function, landscape function and safety characteristic, the cultivation characteristic indexes further comprise two index layer indexes of growth characteristic and cultivation cost, and the formulated plant type selection scheme comprises the following steps:
selecting a natural highway region, and performing primary plant selection;
central separator strip condition evaluation, constraint conditions are set up;
investigation and input of the rural plants, and enrichment of a plant selection library;
judging evergreen arbor of the plant;
evaluating plant growth characteristics;
evaluating plant safety characteristics when the plant is determined to be an evergreen arbor, and evaluating plant landscape characteristics when the plant is determined to be not an evergreen arbor;
evaluating plant cultivation cost;
performing plant selection comprehensive sequencing;
outputting the plant configuration scheme.
In summary, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention calculates the magnitude of the sight deviation angle of the driver when the driver runs on the left-hand bend by using the actual running track and the sight deviation of the driver of the automobile, considers the running track of the automobile of different automobile types on the bend, obtains the calculated automobile type under the most unfavorable condition, and finally corrects the anti-dazzle angle, thereby effectively avoiding the driver from being stimulated by glare in the turning process and ensuring the driving safety;
2. according to the invention, an anti-dazzle plant selection system of a central division belt of the expressway is established according to an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the weight of each index is calculated through an expert scoring method;
3. according to the weight sequencing of the indexes in the anti-dazzle plant selection system, an anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of the central division belt of the expressway is established, specific operation steps are provided, and the efficiency of plant type selection is greatly improved.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antiglare plant configuration for a straight road segment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the antiglare plant configuration of the present invention for a curved road section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distribution of gaze points of a driver at a left-hand curve segment according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the distribution of the gaze point of the driver at a right-hand curve section according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a geometric diagram of the line of sight of a left-hand curve section when n=1 according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a geometric diagram of the left curve line of sight when n=2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view point position diagram (unit: m) of a truck and a bus according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of the antiglare plant selection mechanism for the central zone of the highway according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8 in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the configuration method for the zonal antiglare plants in the expressway disclosed in the embodiment includes: obtaining a plant crown width d0, calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the road line shape, calculating a plant minimum distance l according to the geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum distance l, and configuring the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the expressway in a zoning way according to the calculated plant minimum distance l. In the above technical solution, different plant types generally have different plant crown widths d0, different road lines can influence the calculation of the antiglare angle, and the plant setting minimum distance l is closely related to the road lines, the antiglare angle θ and the plant crown widths d0, and the distance between adjacent antiglare plants in the expressway can be better configured after calculating the plant minimum distance l according to the geometric relationship among the plant crown widths d0, the antiglare angle θ and the plant minimum distance l, thereby being beneficial to obtaining better antiglare effect. In the present embodiment, the center separator is simply referred to as a center separator.
According to the highway project safety evaluation specification JTG B05-2015, the expressway is preferably divided into a straight road section, a flat curve road section, a longitudinal slope road section, a curved slope combined road section, a tunnel road section, an intercommunication type three-dimensional cross road section and other road lines according to the linear characteristics. The invention mainly considers the problem of configuration of anti-dazzle plants on curve sections such as a flat curve section and a curved slope combined section.
As a preferable technical solution, when the road line is a curve section, for a curve section with a turning direction facing an oncoming vehicle, the antiglare angle needs to be increased by α based on a curve section standard antiglare angle θ, and α is a line-of-sight deflection angle, that is, the corrected antiglare angle γ=θ+α. (1-1)
In the running process of the vehicle on the curve section, the sight of the driver deviates to the inner side of the curve and is more easily influenced by glare, and the anti-dazzle angle is corrected, so that better anti-dazzle effect can be obtained.
The curve sections comprise left-hand curve sections and right-hand curve sections, the anti-dazzle angle calculation can be influenced by left-hand driving and right-hand driving of the automobile, the road traffic field of China is that vehicles pass on the right side, drivers sit on the left side of the vehicles to drive, under the premise, curve sections with turning directions towards oncoming vehicles are left-hand curve sections, but some countries in the world are that vehicles pass on the left side, drivers sit on the right side of the vehicles, and for the countries, curve sections with turning directions towards oncoming vehicles are right-hand curve sections.
The method is characterized in that a gaze point deviation phenomenon is found in the process of researching visual characteristics of a driver, namely the driver has a forward looking function, the gaze point always falls at a certain distance in front of a vehicle, the gaze point deviation phenomenon is derived from a pre-aiming behavior of the driver, and the gaze point deviation phenomenon can lead the direction of the line of sight of the driver to be different from the running direction of the vehicle and to have a certain deflection angle, so that the anti-dazzle angle can be corrected by researching and calculating the deflection angle of the line of sight of the driver and the running direction of the vehicle, and further the plant anti-dazzle interval setting method is improved, wherein the deflection angle of the line of sight of the driver and the running direction of the vehicle is the deflection angle of the line of sight.
In the road traffic field of China, the pre-aiming behavior of a driver is researched through a following test, and when the driver runs on a left curve and a right curve, the gaze point is concentrated at the curve top point, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the gaze point deflects leftwards when the driver runs on a left curve section, and the opposite head lamps are shot from the left side, so that the driver is more likely to be stimulated by the glare of the opposite running vehicle, the glare prevention angle theta can not meet the requirement of shielding the glare by an anti-dazzle facility, and the anti-dazzle angle is increased. Let the line-of-sight deflection angle be α, and the corrected antiglare angle be γ=θ+α. When a driver runs on a right-hand curve road section, the sight line deflects to the right side, and the opposite head light is shot from the left side, so that the stimulus of the opposite incoming vehicle glare is reduced, the anti-dazzle angle theta can still meet the requirement of shielding glare of an anti-dazzle facility, and the anti-dazzle angle is not required to be corrected. In summary, the left-hand turning vehicle has a higher requirement on the anti-dazzle angle, and the anti-dazzle angle does not need to be corrected for the right-hand curve section, and the anti-dazzle angle does not need to be corrected when the road line is a straight line section. Therefore, when correcting the anti-dazzle angle of the curve section, only the magnitude of the line-of-sight deflection of the left-hand turning section is calculated, namely, only the curve section with the turning direction facing the oncoming vehicle is corrected.
As a preferable technical scheme, the geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing l is as follows: l=d0/sinθ (1-2),
the calculation formula of the curve section standard anti-dazzle angle is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the center division belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, b3 is the distance between the place where the driver is located and the center line of the center division belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, θ 0 The anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is the anti-dazzle angle.
The straight road section comprises a straight road section and a longitudinal slope road section, the plant antiglare principle of the central division belt of the straight road section is shown in fig. 1, and according to the antiglare principle, it can be seen that the plant setting minimum distance l is closely related to the road alignment, the antiglare angle theta and the plant crown width d0. From the geometric relationship, the plant spacing can be expressed as: l=d0/sin θ, where θ is preferably 8 °.
The curved road section comprises a flat curve section and a curved slope combined section, the plant antiglare principle of the central separation zone of the road section is shown as figure 2, and according to the design rule of highway traffic safety facilities (JTG D81-2017), the standard antiglare angle calculation formula of the flat curve section is as follows:wherein R is the center line of the central dividing belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle isRadius of curvature, b3 is the distance between the place where the driver is located and the center line of the center dividing strip on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, θ 0 The anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is the anti-dazzle angle. Because the anti-dazzle plant distance calculation only needs to see the plane linearity, the flat curve section and the curved slope combined section are both presented as curve sections under the plane linearity, the longitudinal section linear change is not needed to be considered, and the calculation formulas of the standard anti-dazzle angles of the flat curve section and the curved slope combined section are consistent, so that the calculation formulas of the standard anti-dazzle angles of the curved road section are as follows: />
As a preferable technical solution, the line-of-sight deflection angle α is an angle between a driver's line-of-sight direction and a vehicle driving direction, and when a curve section of a curve directed toward an oncoming vehicle is a left-hand curve section, referring to fig. 5 and 6, in the drawings, a line segment AB is perpendicular to a line segment OB, a line segment AD is perpendicular to a line segment OA, the line-of-sight deflection angle α is an angle between the driver's line-of-sight direction and the vehicle driving direction, that is, α is equal to ++bad, and calculating the line-of-sight deflection angle α includes the following steps:
s1, in a plane of a left curve section, a vehicle is positioned in an nth lane from the outer edge of a central separation belt, the width of a single lane is L0, the center of a flat curve of the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as a point O, the viewpoint position of a driver is set as a point A, the flat curve vertex of a lane line of the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as a point B, namely the direction of the line of sight of the driver is directed from A to B, the intersection point of an OA connecting line and the lane line of the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as a point C, the set point D is a point on a tangent line passing through the point A and the running direction of the vehicle is directed from A to D, the position of a wheel on the left side of the vehicle is set as a point E and the point E is positioned on a line segment OA, the curvature radius of a center of a line of the center separation belt of the lane line of the lane where the vehicle is positioned is set as R, the width of the center separation belt is set as D, and the lateral distance between the driver and the lane line of the inner side of the vehicle is set as L AC Let the lateral distance between the position of the driver's viewpoint and the left wheel of the vehicle be l AE Let the lateral distance between the left wheel and the lane line inside the lane where the vehicle is located be l CE ；
S2, according to the geometric relationship, the sight deflection angle alpha is equal to AOB, l AC ＝l AE +l CE And satisfies the following formula:
further, it can be determined that:
as a preferable technical solution, when the driver drives the vehicle to go beyond the left-most lane of the left-hand curve, n=1, referring to fig. 5, the calculation formula of the line-of-sight deflection angle α is simplified as follows:
from the geometric relationship, the closer to the left side the vehicle is to be driven, the more easily the driver is affected by glare, so that only the line-of-sight deflection angle of the vehicle for the driver to drive is calculated, and it can be seen that the line-of-sight deflection angle, the position of the viewpoint of the driver and the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle AE And the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned CE In relation, when the driver drives the vehicle to be positioned at the leftmost overtake lane, l CE The lateral distance between the left wheel and the left road edge belt.
As a preferable technical scheme, after step S1 and before step S2, the vehicle type is selected and calculated, and the following data are obtained: the width d of the central dividing strip, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve road section are used for determining the transverse distance l between the viewpoint position of a driver and the left wheel of the vehicle through the selected calculation vehicle type AE Determining the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located by selecting the calculated vehicle type and the design speed of the curve road section CE . The vehicle model is selected and calculated, the width d of the central separation belt, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve section are obtained, and then the l can be determined AE And l CE Can facilitate further calculationThe line of sight deflection angle alpha.
In many road researches and design methods in China, the running track of a road vehicle is assumed to run on the central line of the road, but the vehicle does not run on the central line of a lane in the curve running process, so that deviation is caused by calculation of an anti-dazzle angle, the influence of the actual running track of the vehicle on the anti-dazzle angle is required to be calculated, the research shows that the running track of the vehicle has a direct relationship with the running speed and the type of the vehicle, the research method of the position of the front wheel of the vehicle is provided in the prior art, the linear relationship between the lateral safety widths of two sides of vehicles of different vehicle types of a straight line road section and the running speed of the vehicle is obtained, and the distance between the left front wheel track of a passing lane on the outer side of the curve and the left road edge is further obtained, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 distance between left front wheel track and left road edge belt of outer passing lane of expressway curve
From Table 1, the design speed of the vehicle model and the curve section can be determined by selecting and calculating CE Is of a size of (a) and (b).
Passenger cars (small vehicles) and trucks (large vehicles) are representative vehicles used for road alignment, the former having a body width of 1.8m and the latter having a width of 2.5m. As is known from the related studies, the viewpoint of the truck driver is approximately 0.6m on the left side of the vehicle body, and the viewpoint of the passenger car driver is approximately 0.5m on the left side of the vehicle body, as shown in fig. 7. It can be seen that the calculated vehicle types mainly comprise small vehicles and large vehicles, and for the small vehicles, l AE Selecting 0.5m, and for a large-sized vehicle, l AE 0.6m was chosen.
The calculation formula of the anti-dazzle angle after plant correction of the central dividing strip of the left-hand curved road section of the expressway is as follows:
from the geometrical relationship, b 3 ＝d/2+(n-1)*L 0 +l AE +l CE When n=1, it is simplified as: b 3 ＝d/2+l AE +l CE 。
The minimum radius of the circular curve of the expressway in China is specified as shown in table 2, wherein the circular curve radius in the table is the curvature radius R of the central dividing strip line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is positioned.
TABLE 2 minimum radius specification for circular curve
| Design speed (km/h) | 120 | 100 | 80 |
| Minimum radius limit (m) | 650 | 400 | 250 |
| In general minimum radius (m) | 1000 | 700 | 400 |
Taking the width d of the central separation belt as 2m, and the anti-dazzle angle theta of the straight road section 0 The required anti-dazzle angle under each radius when turning left of different vehicle types is calculated according to the table 1 and the formulas (1-7) at an angle of 8 degrees, and the calculation result is shown in the table 3.
Table 3 antiglare angle correction calculation table (°)
The anti-dazzle angles after correction in the table meet the standard requirements. It can be seen that when the road design speed and the radius of the circular curve are the same, the anti-dazzle angle required by the small-sized vehicle is larger and is more easily influenced by the glare, and according to the most unfavorable principle, the small-sized vehicle is selected as the calculated vehicle type in the follow-up calculation; when the design speeds are the same, the smaller the radius of the circular curve is, the larger the required anti-dazzle angle is; the same radius of the circular curve, the larger the design speed, the larger the required antiglare angle.
As a preferable technical scheme, based on the corrected anti-dazzle angle, namely the formula (1-7), and the geometrical relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing l, namely the formula (1-2), the calculation formula of the spacing of the anti-dazzle plants of the central separation zone of the left-hand curved road section of the expressway is obtained:
and (3) obtaining the anti-dazzle plant spacing of the central division belt of the left-hand curve section according to the parameters of the curve radius of the curve section, the width of the central division belt, the plant crown width, the calculated vehicle type and the like through (1-8).
And performing example verification according to the formula. From the previous knowledge, choose the small-sized car as the calculated car type, then l AE =0.5m; taking the width d=2m of the central separation belt, and the antiglare angle of the straight road section is theta 0 =8°; taking the radius of the circular curve r=1000m, the design speed is 120km/h, referring to table 1, it can be seen that l CE =1.22m; plant crown area d0=1.5m was taken. By substituting the above data into (1-8), the antiglare plant spacing of the center separator in this case can be found to be l 1 ＝6.5m。
According to the investigation and analysis of the common plant configuration of the expressway central division strip in each region of the whole country, the expressway central division strip is divided into three categories of evergreen small trees or shrubs, deciduous small trees or shrubs, ground cover plants and the like. The specific parameters are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 table for investigating common plant configuration of central partition of highway
Among the above plants, the evergreen arbor crown width is the largest, the evergreen small arbor or shrub crown width is smaller, and the ground cover plants are commonly used for landscape setting, and have no anti-dazzle function. As can be seen from the above table, the central separator antiglare plant crown panel was centered between 0.5m and 2 m.
Referring now to tables 3 and 4, for different circle curve radii R and plant crown widths d0, the center separator antiglare plant configuration spacing is calculated to obtain a plant spacing recommendation taking into account the driver's line of sight offset. The calculation results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 recommended values for center belt antiglare plant spacing (m) considering driver line of sight offset
It can be seen that when the design speed is 120km/h and the plant crown width is between 1.0 and 2.0m, the distance range between the anti-dazzle plants is 4.4 to 8.7m, and the plant crown width is increased along with the increase of the plant crown width; when the design speed is 100km/h and the plant crown width is 1.0-2.0m, the distance range between the anti-dazzle plants is 4.3-8.6m; when the design speed is 80km/h and the plant crown width is between 1.0 and 2.0m, the distance range between the anti-dazzle plants is 3.7 to 7.4m.
As a preferred embodiment, the selection of the plant type is performed before the acquisition of the plant crown web d0, the steps of the plant type selection scheme mainly comprising: central separator strip condition evaluation, constraint conditions are set up; judging evergreen arbor of the plant; evaluating plant growth characteristics; evaluating the safety characteristics of plants; evaluating plant landscape characteristics; evaluating plant cultivation cost; and (5) carrying out comprehensive plant selection sorting and outputting a plant configuration scheme. In the specific implementation, the steps of the plant type selection scheme can be increased or decreased according to actual demands, and the steps of the plant type selection scheme can be executed according to a certain sequence so as to more efficiently select the proper plant type.
As a preferred technical solution, the selection of the plant type is performed before the plant crown web d0 is obtained, and the plant type selection solution is formulated based on an antiglare plant selection system, wherein the establishment of the antiglare plant selection system comprises: and selecting a criterion layer index, selecting an index layer index, determining weight coefficients of the criterion layer index and the index layer index by using an AHP (advanced high performance liquid chromatography) analytic hierarchy process, and further sequencing the importance of the indexes. The determination of the plant crown size d0 can be facilitated by selecting the plant type.
The AHP analytic hierarchy process is one comprehensive evaluation method of system analysis and decision, and can quantitatively treat qualitative problems through establishing multilayer evaluation index system. In the embodiment, the weight coefficient of each index is determined mainly by using an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and importance ranking is further performed on each index.
On the basis of the prior art research, the indexes are determined by combining expert opinions. Selecting a site condition, a functional characteristic and a cultivation characteristic as criterion layer indexes, wherein the site condition indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of geographic location, country adaptability and central partition belt conditions, the functional characteristic indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of an anti-dazzle function, a landscape function and a safety characteristic, and the cultivation characteristic indexes further comprise two index layer indexes of a growth characteristic and a cultivation cost; judging the relative importance of each index by adopting an expert scoring method, constructing a judging matrix by adopting a 1-9 scale method, and respectively according to a formula
And calculating a consistency index CI, wherein m is the index number of the layer, and a feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature value lambda max is the weight of each index. The specific index system and its calculated weights are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 anti-dazzle plant selection index system for highway central dividing strip and weight distribution table
The calculation result shows that in the aspect of a criterion layer, the weight sequence is that the site condition > the functional characteristic > the cultivation characteristic; in the aspect of an index layer, the weight sequence is that the central partition belt condition is more than the anti-dazzle function, the country adaptability is more than the growth characteristic, the safety characteristic is more than the geographical area position is more than the landscape function, and the cultivation cost is more than the cultivation cost.
On the basis of the anti-dazzle plant selection system, the scheme operation efficiency is considered, and an anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of the central division belt of the expressway is established, as shown in fig. 8.
Firstly, carrying out field investigation analysis and research on the central dividing belt and the natural environment of the expressway along the area, preliminarily selecting a plant range suitable for growth according to the field conditions, and establishing a plant selection library; and then, screening the secondary indexes of the anti-dazzle plants and the collocation plants respectively, comprehensively scoring and sorting, and finally determining a plant collocation scheme. The specific steps of the plant type selection scheme are as follows:
(1) And selecting natural regions of the highway, and performing primary plant selection.
According to the geographical area where the central dividing strip is located, selecting a corresponding natural road area, and primarily selecting plants suitable for growth.
(2) Central separator strip condition evaluation, put forward constraints
The soil condition, the water content, the air temperature change and the weather condition of the central partition belt are comprehensively evaluated, and constraint conditions are provided for the stress resistance of the selected plants, such as cold resistance, drought resistance and the like.
(3) Investigation and input of rural plants and enrichment of plant selection warehouse
Investigation is carried out on local rural plants, plants (arbor, shrub and ground cover plants) which are suitable for being planted in the central dividing strips are selected, and the plant selection range is expanded.
(4) Determination of evergreen arbor on plant
By judging the evergreen arbor, the plants are divided into antiglare plants and collocation plants (the evergreen arbor is the antiglare plant), and the evaluation and screening of the evergreen arbor are respectively carried out in the next step, so that the screening efficiency and accuracy are improved.
(5) Assessment of plant growth characteristics
Plant growth characteristics were evaluated whether or not it was an antiglare plant. And analyzing the stress resistance of plants, such as drought resistance, cold resistance, pollution resistance, barren resistance, sand wind resistance, high temperature resistance, insect damage resistance and the like, comparing with the condition evaluation of the central partition strip in the second step, screening out plants meeting the condition of the central partition strip, and scoring the stress resistance. Scoring criteria are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 plant growth Property C 7 Scoring reference
| Meet the condition number of stress resistance | Score value R 7 |
| 5-6 items | 0.9-1.0 |
| 4 items | 0.8 |
| 3 items | 0.6 |
| 2 items | 0.4 |
| 1 item | 0.2 |
(6) Evaluating plant safety and landscape characteristics
Plant safety characteristics are evaluated when the plant is determined to be an evergreen arbor, and plant landscape characteristics are evaluated when the plant is determined to be not an evergreen arbor. Because the functional requirements on the anti-dazzle plants and the collocation plants are different, the anti-dazzle plants pay more attention to effectively guaranteeing the driving safety, and the collocation plants pay more attention to maintaining the good landscape and ecology of the road. Therefore, the anti-dazzle plants are subjected to plant safety characteristic evaluation, firstly, the plants are screened according to the height and crown requirements of the plants, the evergreen of the plants meeting the conditions is scored, and the scoring standard is shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 plant safety Property C 6 Scoring reference
| Evergreen performance | Score value R 6 |
| Keep the color of the leaves throughout the year, and make the branches and leaves thick | 0.9-1.0 |
| Evergreen and thick branches and leaves | 0.8-0.9 |
| Evergreen/normal-color leaves, and thicker branches and leaves | 0.7-0.8 |
| Evergreen/normal-color leaves, sparse branches and leaves | 0.6-0.7 |
| Fallen leaves | ＜0.6 |
And (3) evaluating the landscape characteristics of the matched plants, respectively scoring the plants in aspects of flower and leaf color, appearance characteristics, ecological benefits and the like, and finally calculating the total score. Scoring criteria are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 plant landscape Properties C 5 Scoring reference
(7) Evaluation of plant cultivation costs
And (3) carrying out cultivation cost evaluation on the anti-dazzle plants and the collocation plants at the same time, and scoring whether later maintenance is needed or not. Scoring criteria are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 plant cultivation cost C 8 Scoring reference
| Cultivation conditions | Score value R 8 |
| The natural growth state is good, and no manual intervention is needed | 0.9-1.0 |
| Good natural growth state, and needs to be trimmed periodically | 0.8-0.9 |
| Natural growth state is moderate, and needs to be maintained regularly | 0.6-0.8 |
| Poor natural growth state, and needs to be maintained manually | ＜0.6 |
(8) Comprehensive sorting of plant selection
The antiglare plants and the collocation plants were respectively subjected to comprehensive evaluation according to the weights in table 6. The calculation formula is as follows:
anti-dazzle plant comprehensive score: r=w 7 ·R 7 +W 6 ·R 6 +W 8 ·R 8
Comprehensive score of collocation plants: r=w 7 ·R 7 +W 5 ·R 5 +W 8 ·R 8
And sorting the anti-dazzle plants and the collocation plants according to the scores.
(9) Output plant configuration scheme
And matching by adopting a mode of 'one antiglare plant + a plurality of matching plants' according to the comprehensive sequencing result of the plants, and outputting a plant configuration scheme.
The invention relates to an operational calculation and scheme selection method, which is particularly applied to comprehensive configuration of anti-dazzle plants of a central separation zone of a highway curve section, and mainly comprises anti-dazzle plant distance calculation and plant type selection.
Compared with the prior art, the method has at least the following advantages:
1. correction of antiglare angle by using actual driving track and line-of-sight offset of automobile driver
Most of the prior methods default automobiles run along the central line of a lane and do not accord with the actual running track, so that errors can be generated when the anti-dazzle angle is calculated. The method considers the running tracks of the automobiles of different automobile types on the curve, calculates the correction anti-dazzle angles of the automobiles respectively, and finally compares the correction anti-dazzle angles to obtain the least favorable anti-dazzle angle when the small automobile is used as the calculated automobile type, thereby maximally playing the anti-dazzle effect.
The conventional study did not consider the driver's line of sight deviation phenomenon, in which case the center separator antiglare plant spacing values at different design speeds and circle curve radii were obtained as shown in table 11.
Table 11 shows the center belt antiglare plant pitch value (m) without consideration of the change in the driver's line of sight
Comparing it with table 5, it can be seen that, when the driver's sight line is deviated, the antiglare angle is corrected, the distance between antiglare plants is generally reduced, the variation range is as shown in table 12, the opposite glare is shielded more effectively, and the driving safety is ensured.
Table 12 Central separator antiglare plant Pitch recommended value variation amplitude
Through comparison analysis, the method of the invention is mainly innovated in comparison with the traditional calculation method: when a driver runs on a left-hand curve, the sight line can deviate leftwards and concentrate at the curve top point, so that the driver is more easily stimulated by glare, and the required anti-dazzle angle is increased. According to the method, the magnitude of the sight offset angle of the driver is calculated through the geometric relationship, the running tracks of the vehicles of different vehicle types on the curve are considered, the calculated vehicle type under the worst condition is obtained, and finally the anti-dazzle angle is corrected, so that the driver can be effectively prevented from being stimulated by glare in the turning process, and the driving safety is ensured.
2. Establishes a selection mechanism of anti-dazzle plants of the central dividing strip of the expressway
The conventional methods, after summarizing the principles and precautions that plant selection needs to follow, do not form a logically clear, efficient selection mechanism, as long as it is embodied in two aspects. Firstly, factors influencing the selection of anti-dazzle plants are not fully considered, a complete index system is not formed, and specific qualitative or quantitative evaluation standards are not provided for each factor; and secondly, an effective selection mechanism is not formed, and a set of comprehensive evaluation and selection methods for the anti-dazzle plants are not provided for practical engineering application.
The method firstly establishes an anti-dazzle plant selection system of the central division belt of the expressway according to an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and calculates the weight of each index through an expert scoring method. According to the weight sequence of each index in the anti-dazzle plant selection system, an anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of the central separation zone of the expressway is established. The mechanism has the advantages that the mechanism is comprehensive in consideration, the index is representative, and each factor can be sequentially screened layer by layer according to weight; the qualitative and quantitative analysis are combined, so that comprehensive evaluation can be better carried out on various plants; and the flow is clear, and the operation efficiency of the mechanism is improved by adopting a method of screening before sorting.
Parts not involved in this embodiment are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art, and are not further described herein.
The skilled person will know: while the invention has been described in terms of the foregoing embodiments, the inventive concepts are not limited to the invention, and any modifications that use the inventive concepts are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The configuration method of the zonal antiglare plants in the expressway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining plant crown web d 0 Calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the road line shape, and then calculating a plant crown width d 0 Calculating the minimum plant distance l according to the geometric relation between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant distance l, and configuring the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the expressway in a zoning way according to the calculated minimum plant distance l;
when the road line is a curve section, for the curve section with the turning direction facing the oncoming vehicle, the anti-dazzle angle is required to be increased by alpha on the basis of the standard anti-dazzle angle theta of the curve section, and alpha is a line-of-sight deflection angle, namely, the corrected anti-dazzle angle gamma=theta+alpha;
the sight deflection angle alpha is an included angle between the sight direction of a driver and the running direction of the vehicle, and when the curve section of the oncoming vehicle facing the turning direction is a left curve section, the sight deflection angle alpha is calculated by the following steps:
s1, in a plane where a left curve section is located, a vehicle is located in an nth lane from the outer edge of a central separation zone, the width of a single lane is L0, and the vehicle is locatedThe center of a road inner flat curve is a point O, the point A is the point of view point of a driver, the point B is the flat curve vertex of a lane line on the inner side of the lane where a vehicle is located, namely, the direction of the line of sight of the driver points from A to B, the point C is the intersection point of an OA connecting line and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, the point D is a point on a tangent line passing through the point A, the direction of travel of the vehicle points from A to D, the point E is the position of a wheel on the left side of the vehicle and the point E is positioned on a line segment OA, the radius of curvature R of a central separation belt center line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is provided, the width of the central separation belt is D, and the transverse distance between the driver and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is provided is l AC Let the lateral distance between the position of the driver's viewpoint and the left wheel of the vehicle be l AE Let the lateral distance between the left wheel and the lane line inside the lane where the vehicle is located be l CE ；
S2, according to the geometric relationship, the sight deflection angle alpha is equal to AOB, l AC ＝l AE +l CE And satisfies the following formula:
further, it can be determined that:
2. the method for configuring zoning antiglare plants in expressway according to claim 1, wherein said plant crown web d 0 The geometrical relationship between the antiglare angle θ and the minimum plant spacing l is: l=d 0 And (2) sin theta, wherein the calculation formula of the curve section standard anti-dazzle angle is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the central dividing strip on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, and b3 is the place where the driver is located and the vehicle where the vehicle is locatedDistance θ between center lines of the medial median 0 The anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is the anti-dazzle angle.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the driver drives the vehicle to pass through the left-most lane on the left-hand curve, n=1, the calculation formula of the line-of-sight deflection angle α is simplified as:
4. the method for configuring the zoning anti-dazzle plants in the expressway according to claim 3, wherein the following data are acquired after the step S1 and before the step S2: the width d of the central dividing strip, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve road section are used for determining the transverse distance l between the viewpoint position of a driver and the left wheel of the vehicle through the selected calculation vehicle type AE Determining the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located by selecting the calculated vehicle type and the design speed of the curve road section CE 。
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the plant crown d is combined based on the corrected antiglare angle 0 The geometrical relation between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing l obtains the calculation formula of the distance between the anti-dazzle plants of the central separation belt of the left-hand curved road section of the expressway, wherein the distance comprises the following steps:
6. the method for configuring a zoned antiglare plant in an expressway according to claim 1, wherein the plant crown web d is obtained 0 The selection of plant types is carried out beforeAlternatively, the plant type selection scheme includes: central separator strip condition evaluation, constraint conditions are set up; judging evergreen arbor of the plant; evaluating plant growth characteristics; evaluating the safety characteristics of plants; evaluating plant landscape characteristics; evaluating plant cultivation cost; and (5) carrying out comprehensive plant selection sorting and outputting a plant configuration scheme.
7. The method for configuring a zoned antiglare plant in an expressway according to claim 1, wherein the plant crown web d is obtained 0 The selection of plant types is carried out before, a plant type selection scheme is formulated based on an anti-dazzle plant selection system, and the establishment of the anti-dazzle plant selection system comprises the following steps: and selecting a criterion layer index, selecting an index layer index, determining weight coefficients of the criterion layer index and the index layer index by using an AHP (advanced high performance liquid chromatography) analytic hierarchy process, and further sequencing the importance of the indexes.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the site condition, the functional characteristic and the cultivation characteristic are selected as the index of the standard layer, the site condition index further comprises three index layer indexes of geographical location, country adaptability and central partition condition, the functional characteristic index further comprises three index layer indexes of anti-dazzle function, landscape function and safety characteristic, the cultivation characteristic index further comprises two index layer indexes of growth characteristic and cultivation cost, and the formulated plant type selection scheme comprises the following steps:
selecting a natural highway region, and performing primary plant selection;
central separator strip condition evaluation, constraint conditions are set up;
investigation and input of the rural plants, and enrichment of a plant selection library;
judging evergreen arbor of the plant;
evaluating plant growth characteristics;
evaluating plant safety characteristics when the plant is determined to be an evergreen arbor, and evaluating plant landscape characteristics when the plant is determined to be not an evergreen arbor;
evaluating plant cultivation cost;
performing plant selection comprehensive sequencing;
outputting the plant configuration scheme.
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