CN115161004B - Catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115161004B CN115161004B CN202210961335.4A CN202210961335A CN115161004B CN 115161004 B CN115161004 B CN 115161004B CN 202210961335 A CN202210961335 A CN 202210961335A CN 115161004 B CN115161004 B CN 115161004B
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
- C09K8/805—Coated proppants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil gas production. The catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5-5% of viscosity reduction catalyst and 95-98.5% of propping agent; the viscosity reduction catalyst is metal salt; the viscosity reduction catalyst is spherical particles and is mixed with the propping agent, or the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on the particle surfaces of the propping agent. The catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is characterized in that the viscosity reduction catalyst is made into particles and mixed with the propping agent, or the viscosity reduction catalyst is directly wrapped on the surface of the propping agent, in the fracturing process, the viscosity reduction catalyst and the propping agent are sent into a stratum together with fracturing fluid, an effective target horizon can be reached, in the flowback process, thick oil flows through the propping agent to undergo catalytic viscosity reduction reaction on site so as to reduce the viscosity of the thick oil, effectively improve the flowability of the thick oil, reduce the flow resistance of the thick oil, improve the diversion capacity of a reservoir and improve the flowability of the thick oil, and achieve the effect of prolonging the flowback and increasing the yield of fracturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas production, and relates to a catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thickened oil occupies a large proportion in world oil gas resources, and the thickened oil in China is mainly distributed in oil fields such as victory, liaohe, henan, xinjiang, bohai sea and the like. The thick oil exploitation is not limited to development modes such as thermal oil exploitation, chemical flooding, gas flooding and the like, and the single well yield is improved by adopting fracturing measures to reform thick oil reservoirs with certain fluidity, low pores, low permeability, ultra-deep and the like under the condition of an oil layer.
In the prior art, materials related to hydraulic fracturing mainly comprise fluid such as guar gum solution, slick water and the like, and solid propping agents such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like, and the propping agents mainly have the effects of keeping cracks open after fracturing and improving the flow conductivity of the stratum. However, although the fracture network maintains the crude oil flow path after fracturing modification by using the propping agent, the flow effect of the thick oil is poor due to the high viscosity of the thick oil itself and poor flow capacity.
There is a need for further solutions to the above-mentioned technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing and a preparation method thereof, which can enter a stratum along with fracturing fluid in the fracturing process, and in the flowback process, thick oil flows through the propping agent and the viscosity reduction catalyst to perform catalytic viscosity reduction reaction on site so as to reduce the viscosity of the thick oil, thereby effectively improving the fluidity of the thick oil.
To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a catalytic viscosity reduction proppant for fracturing, which comprises the following components in weight percentage:
1.5-5% of viscosity reduction catalyst and 95-98.5% of propping agent;
wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is a metal salt;
the viscosity reduction catalyst is spherical particles and is mixed with the propping agent, or the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on the particle surfaces of the propping agent.
In some embodiments, wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is present in an amount of 1.5% to 2% by weight;
the weight percentage of the propping agent is 98% -98.5%.
In some embodiments, wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on a particle scaffold to form spherical particles;
wherein the particle skeleton is a porous material, and the load of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the particle skeleton is 1.5% -10%.
In some embodiments, the material used for the particle framework is one or more of zeolite, carbon nanotubes, porous ceramics.
In some embodiments, wherein the spherical particles have a particle size of the viscosity reducing catalyst that is 10-20 mesh greater than the particle size of the proppant.
In some embodiments, wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is an inorganic acid salt, a petroleum acid salt, a benzoate salt, or a phthalate salt of at least one metal ion of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, ruthenium, and palladium.
In some embodiments, wherein the proppant is quartz sand or ceramic particles.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing a catalytic viscosity reduction proppant for fracturing, including:
coating the viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of a particle skeleton by adopting an impregnation method to prepare spherical particles containing the viscosity reduction catalyst, and mixing the spherical particles and the propping agent to prepare the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing according to the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction propping agent of 1.5-5% and the weight percentage of the propping agent of 95-98.5%;
or coating the viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of the propping agent by adopting an impregnation method, and enabling the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst to be 1.5% -5%, and the weight percentage of the propping agent to be 95% -98.5%, thus obtaining the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing.
In some embodiments, the method wherein spherical particles containing the viscosity reduction catalyst are prepared using an impregnation process is:
preparing a solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst at a concentration of 10% -20%;
immersing the particle skeleton of the porous material into the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst, standing for 12-20 h at 50-70 ℃, then taking out the particle skeleton, heating for 2-3 h at 120-150 ℃ for first-stage drying treatment, and then drying for 1.5-2 h at 300-350 ℃ for second-stage drying treatment;
and repeatedly soaking and drying for a plurality of times until the loading amount of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the particle skeleton is 1.5-10%.
In some embodiments, the method wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on the surface of the proppant using an impregnation method is:
preparing a solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst at a concentration of 10% -20%;
immersing a propping agent into the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst, standing for 12-20 h at 50-70 ℃, then taking out the particle skeleton, heating for 2-3 h at 120-150 ℃ for first-stage drying treatment, and then drying for 1.5-2 h at 300-350 ℃ for second-stage drying treatment;
and repeatedly soaking and drying for a plurality of times until the loading amount of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the propping agent is 1.5-5%.
Compared with the prior art, the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the viscosity reduction catalyst is made into particles and mixed with the propping agent, or the viscosity reduction catalyst is directly wrapped on the surface of the propping agent, in the fracturing process, the viscosity reduction catalyst and the propping agent are sent into a stratum together with fracturing fluid, so that an effective target horizon can be reached, in the flowback process, thick oil flows through the propping agent to undergo catalytic viscosity reduction reaction on site so as to reduce the viscosity of the thick oil, effectively improve the fluidity of the thick oil, reduce the flowing resistance of the thick oil, achieve the double effects of improving the diversion capacity of a reservoir and improving the fluidity of the thick oil, and achieve the effect of prolonging the flowback and yield increase of fracturing; in addition, each component in the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is cheap and easy to obtain, is simple and convenient to prepare, can accurately reach a target horizon along with fracturing fluid, and has stronger directionality of active components and longer viscosity reduction effect compared with other viscosity reduction modes of thick oil strata.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention, and is to be accorded the full scope of the present invention.
Drawings
The above, as well as additional purposes, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present application will become readily apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the present application are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar or corresponding parts and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-dimensional sand filling model according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not limiting of the claims of the invention.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples described below are all commercially available.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
1.5-5% of viscosity reduction catalyst and 95-98.5% of propping agent;
wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is a metal salt;
the viscosity reduction catalyst is spherical particles and is mixed with the propping agent, or the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on the particle surfaces of the propping agent.
Specifically, because the selected viscosity reduction catalyst is metal salt, the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing can be prepared in the two modes, but whether the viscosity reduction catalyst is prepared into spherical particles in advance or is directly coated on the surface of the propping agent, the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst needs to be ensured to be 1.5-5%, and the weight percentage of the propping agent needs to be 95-98.5%. For example, when spherical particles containing the viscosity reduction catalyst are formed by using a support material in a surface-adhering manner, the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst in the catalytic viscosity reduction proppant for fracturing is still 1.5-5%.
The propping agent can be quartz sand or ceramsite which is more commonly used in the prior art. The particle size of the quartz sand or the ceramsite can be selected according to the standard of the actual fracturing technology.
In a specific implementation, wherein the preferred weight percent of the viscosity reduction catalyst is 1.5% -2%; the preferred weight percent of the proppants is 98% -98.5%.
Further, the preferred weight percent of the viscosity reduction catalyst may be 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9% or 2%; preferred weight percentages of proppant may be 98%, 98.1%, 98.2%, 98.3%, 98.4% or 98.5%.
In a specific implementation, wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on a particle framework to form spherical particles; wherein the particle skeleton is a porous material, and the load of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the particle skeleton is 1.5% -10%.
Specifically, it should be noted that the particle skeleton is only used as a viscosity reduction catalyst to form a skeleton of spherical particles, and the weight of the particle skeleton is not counted by the component mass of the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing, namely the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst in the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is calculated according to the weight of the particle skeleton.
Wherein the material used for the particle skeleton of the porous material is one or more of zeolite, carbon nano tube and porous ceramic.
Further, the particle size of the viscosity reduction catalyst of the spherical particles is 10-20 meshes larger than the particle size of the propping agent, namely the particle size of the propping agent is larger than the particle size of the viscosity reduction catalyst of the spherical particles, so that the viscosity reduction catalyst of the spherical particles can be well mixed with the propping agent, and the propping effect of the propping agent can not be influenced after the mixing.
In a specific implementation, the viscosity reduction catalyst of the metal salt material can be inorganic acid salt, petroleum acid salt, benzoate or phthalate of at least one metal ion of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, ruthenium and palladium.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of a catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing, which comprises the following steps:
coating the viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of a particle skeleton by adopting an impregnation method to prepare spherical particles containing the viscosity reduction catalyst, and mixing the spherical particles and the propping agent to prepare the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing according to the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction propping agent of 1.5-5% and the weight percentage of the propping agent of 95-98.5%;
or coating the viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of the propping agent by adopting an impregnation method, and enabling the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst to be 1.5% -5%, and the weight percentage of the propping agent to be 95% -98.5%, thus obtaining the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing.
In a specific implementation, the method for preparing the spherical particles containing the viscosity reduction catalyst by adopting the impregnation method comprises the following steps: preparing a solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst at a concentration of 10% -20%; immersing the particle skeleton of the porous material into the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst, standing for 12-20 h at 50-70 ℃, then taking out the particle skeleton, heating for 2-3 h at 120-150 ℃ for first-stage drying treatment, and then drying for 1.5-2 h at 300-350 ℃ for second-stage drying treatment; and repeatedly soaking and drying for a plurality of times until the loading amount of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the particle skeleton is 1.5-10%.
The concentration of the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst may be specifically set according to the solubility of the selected metal salt, for example, the concentration may be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20% in actual configuration, and the manner of preparing the solution is known to the skilled person and will not be described herein. The temperature of the impregnation process may be set according to the adhesion characteristics of the metal salt, and may be any integer temperature of 50 to 70 ℃, but is not limited to 50 to 70 ℃. The drying temperature of the impregnated particle skeleton adopts the stepped temperature, namely, the particle skeleton is firstly dried at a relatively low temperature and then dried at a relatively high temperature, wherein the preferred value of the drying temperature in the first stage can be 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃, the preferred value of the drying temperature in the second stage can be 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 330 ℃, 340 ℃, 350 ℃ and the drying time in the two stages can be adaptively adjusted according to the weight of the single-dried material.
In a specific implementation, the method of directly coating the viscosity reducing catalyst on the proppant by an impregnation method may refer to the above-mentioned method of preparing spherical particles containing the viscosity reducing catalyst.
The method for wrapping the viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of the propping agent by adopting an impregnation method comprises the following steps:
preparing a solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst at a concentration of 10% -20%; immersing a propping agent into the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst, standing for 12-20 h at 50-70 ℃, then taking out the particle skeleton, heating for 2-3 h at 120-150 ℃ for first-stage drying treatment, and then drying for 1.5-2 h at 300-350 ℃ for second-stage drying treatment; and repeatedly soaking and drying for a plurality of times until the loading amount of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the propping agent is 1.5-5%.
Specifically, the concentration may be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20% when actually disposed. The temperature of the impregnation process may be any integer temperature from 50 ℃ to 70 ℃, but is not limited to 50 ℃ to 70 ℃. The drying after impregnation may be the same as the drying after impregnation of the particle skeleton.
In order to better illustrate the preparation method and the use effect of the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing, which are provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following specific embodiments are provided:
example 1
Copper chloride is used as a viscosity reduction catalyst, and quartz sand is used as a propping agent;
100g of quartz sand with 40-70 meshes is taken, 1000g of copper chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 20% is prepared, the mixture is stirred and kept stand at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, then the quartz sand is taken out and heated and dried at 150 ℃ for 3 hours, and is dried at 300 ℃ for 2 hours in a muffle furnace, and the catalyst is repeatedly immersed and dried for several times, so that the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing with the viscosity reduction catalyst loading amount of 1.6% is prepared.
Example 2 preparation of catalytic viscosity reduction proppant for fracturing
Ferric chloride is used as a viscosity reduction catalyst, and ceramsite is used as a propping agent;
100g of 30-50 mesh ceramsite is taken, 1000g of 20% ferric chloride aqueous solution is prepared, the two are mixed and stirred, the mixture is stood for 12h at 60 ℃, then the ceramsite is taken out to be heated and dried for 3h at 150 ℃, the ceramsite is dried for 2h at 300 ℃ in a muffle furnace, and the impregnation and the drying are repeated for several times, so that the catalytic viscosity-reducing propping agent for fracturing with the viscosity-reducing catalyst loading amount of 1.5% is prepared.
Example 3
Copper chloride is used as a viscosity reduction catalyst;
100g of 40-80 mesh zeolite is taken, 1000g of copper chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 20% is prepared, the mixture is stirred after mixing, the mixture is stood for 12h at the temperature of 60 ℃, then the zeolite is taken out to be heated and dried for 3h at the temperature of 150 ℃, the zeolite is dried for 2h at the temperature of 300 ℃ in a muffle furnace, and the impregnation and the drying are repeated for several times, thus obtaining the granular viscosity reduction catalyst with the loading amount of 10%.
At this time, the prepared granular viscosity reduction catalyst and ceramsite or quartz sand can be mixed in proportion to prepare the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing.
Example 4
Taking ferric chloride water as a viscosity reduction catalyst;
100g of zeolite with 40-80 meshes is taken, 1000g of ferric chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 20% is prepared, the two are mixed and stirred, the mixture is stood for 12h at the temperature of 60 ℃, then the zeolite is taken out and dried for 3h at the temperature of 150 ℃, the zeolite is dried for 2h at the temperature of 300 ℃ in a muffle furnace, and the impregnation and the drying are repeated for several times, thus obtaining the granular viscosity-reducing catalyst with the loading capacity of 10%.
At this time, the prepared granular viscosity reduction catalyst and ceramsite or quartz sand can be mixed in proportion to prepare the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, the one-dimensional sand filling model (the outside is a cylinder body, the inside is filled with the catalytic viscosity-reducing propping agent, the inner diameter of the model is 2.5cm, and the length is 100 cm) is filled with the catalytic viscosity-reducing propping agent prepared in examples 1 and 2, then the one-dimensional sand filling model is placed in a constant temperature box at 140 ℃, thick oil with the viscosity (140 ℃) of 328mpa.s is injected into the sand filling model from the end A to the end B of the model at a constant speed, the flowing time of the thick oil in the sand filling pipe is maintained to be 18 hours, and after the thick oil flows out from the end B, a sample is collected and the viscosity of the thick oil is measured.
Through tests, the viscosity reduction rate of the thickened oil is 39% and 35% respectively, so that the fluidity of the thickened oil is effectively improved.
Example 6
As shown in FIG. 1, the granular catalytic viscosity reducer prepared in examples 3 and 4 is mixed with quartz sand in a mass ratio of 1:5, a one-dimensional sand filling model (the outside is a cylindrical body filled with the catalytic viscosity reducer, the inside diameter of the model is 2.5cm, and the length is 100 cm) is filled, then the one-dimensional sand filling model is placed in a constant temperature box at 140 ℃, thick oil with the viscosity (140 ℃) of 328mPa.s is injected into the sand filling model from the end A to the end B of the model at a constant speed, the flowing time of the thick oil in the sand filling pipe is maintained to be 18h, and after the thick oil flows out from the end B, a sample is collected and the viscosity of the thick oil is measured.
Through tests, the viscosity reduction rate of the thickened oil is respectively 32% and 33%, so that the fluidity of the thickened oil is effectively improved.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 1, the granular catalytic viscosity reducer prepared in examples 3 and 4 is mixed with ceramsite in a mass ratio of 1:5, a one-dimensional sand filling model (the outside is a cylinder body filled with the catalytic viscosity reducer, the inside diameter of the model is 2.5cm, and the length is 100 cm) is filled, then the one-dimensional sand filling model is placed in a constant temperature box at 140 ℃, thick oil with the viscosity (140 ℃) of 328mPa.s is injected into the sand filling model from the end A to the end B of the model at a constant speed, the flowing time of the thick oil in a sand filling pipe is maintained to be 18h, and a sample is collected after the end B flows out of the thick oil, and the viscosity of the thick oil is measured;
through tests, the viscosity reduction rate of the thickened oil is respectively 37% and 35%, so that the fluidity of the thickened oil is effectively improved.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
coating a viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of a propping agent by adopting an impregnation method, wherein the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst is 1.5-5%, and the weight percentage of the propping agent is 95-98.5%, so that the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is obtained; the viscosity reduction catalyst is wrapped on a particle framework to form spherical particles;
the method for wrapping the viscosity reduction catalyst on the surface of the propping agent by adopting an impregnation method comprises the following steps:
preparing a solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst at a concentration of 10% -20%;
immersing a propping agent into the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst, standing for 12-20 h at 50-70 ℃, then taking out the particle skeleton, heating for 2-3 h at 120-150 ℃ for first-stage drying treatment, and then drying for 1.5-2 h at 300-350 ℃ for second-stage drying treatment;
and repeatedly soaking and drying for a plurality of times until the loading amount of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the propping agent is 1.5-5%.
2. The method for preparing the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing spherical particles containing the viscosity reduction catalyst by adopting an impregnation method is as follows:
preparing a solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst at a concentration of 10% -20%;
immersing the particle skeleton of the porous material into the solution of the viscosity reduction catalyst, standing for 12-20 h at 50-70 ℃, then taking out the particle skeleton, heating for 2-3 h at 120-150 ℃ for first-stage drying treatment, and then drying for 1.5-2 h at 300-350 ℃ for second-stage drying treatment;
and repeatedly soaking and drying for a plurality of times until the loading capacity of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the particle skeleton is 1.5-10%, wherein the weight of the particle skeleton is not counted into the mass of the components of the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing, and the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst in the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is calculated according to the mass of the catalyst.
3. The catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is prepared based on the preparation method of the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing of claim 1 or 2, and is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
1.5-5% of viscosity reduction catalyst and 95-98.5% of propping agent;
wherein the viscosity reduction catalyst is a metal salt;
the viscosity reduction catalyst is coated on the particle surface of the propping agent.
4. The catalytic viscosity reducing proppant for fracturing according to claim 3,
the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst is 1.5% -2%;
the weight percentage of the propping agent is 98% -98.5%.
5. The catalytic viscosity reducing proppant for fracturing according to claim 3,
the particle skeleton is made of porous materials, and the loading capacity of the viscosity reduction catalyst on the particle skeleton is 1.5% -10%, wherein the weight of the particle skeleton is not counted by the mass of components of the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing, and the weight percentage of the viscosity reduction catalyst in the catalytic viscosity reduction propping agent for fracturing is calculated according to the mass of the catalyst.
6. The catalytic viscosity reducing proppant for fracturing according to claim 5,
the material used for the particle skeleton is one or more of zeolite, carbon nano tube and porous ceramic.
7. The catalytic viscosity reducing proppant for fracturing according to claim 5 or 6,
the particle size of the viscosity reduction catalyst is 10-20 meshes larger than the particle size of the propping agent.
8. The catalytic viscosity reducing proppant for fracturing according to claim 3,
the viscosity reduction catalyst is inorganic acid salt, petroleum acid salt, benzoate or phthalate of at least one metal ion of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, ruthenium and palladium.
9. The catalytic viscosity reducing proppant for fracturing according to claim 3,
the propping agent is quartz sand or ceramsite.
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| CN103375154B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method for ground heavy oil catalytic viscosity reduction |
| CN104265257B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-08-31 | 北京普新石油技术开发有限公司 | The combustion in situ huff and puff oil recovery method of fracturing propping agents filling auxiliary catalysis igniting |
| US11377944B2 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2022-07-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods of suspending proppants in hydraulic fracturing fluid |
| CN112517070B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-11-16 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Aldehyde removal catalyst with core-shell structure and preparation method and application thereof |
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