CN115159549A - Process for preparing lithium hydroxide by causticization method and application thereof - Google Patents

Process for preparing lithium hydroxide by causticization method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115159549A
CN115159549A CN202210697507.1A CN202210697507A CN115159549A CN 115159549 A CN115159549 A CN 115159549A CN 202210697507 A CN202210697507 A CN 202210697507A CN 115159549 A CN115159549 A CN 115159549A
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lithium
hydroxide
reaction
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precipitate
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张金超
刘少葵
刘勇奇
巩勤学
李长东
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/02Oxides; Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/18Carbonates
    • C01F11/181Preparation of calcium carbonate by carbonation of aqueous solutions and characterised by control of the carbonation conditions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

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Abstract

The invention discloses a process for preparing lithium hydroxide by causticization and application thereof, which comprises the steps of carrying out causticization reaction on lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide under hydrothermal conditions to obtain causticized slag for acid leaching, adding alkali liquor into the solution after acid leaching to adjust the pH value to obtain calcium hydroxide precipitate and a first lithium-containing solution, concentrating the first lithium-containing solution, introducing excessive CO 2 And carrying out reaction to obtain calcium carbonate precipitate and a second lithium-containing solution, heating the second lithium-containing solution to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate, and using the lithium carbonate precipitate for causticization reaction. The invention recovers calcium resource in the causticized slag, and the generated calcium hydroxide sediment and lithium carbonate sediment are taken as causticizing raw materials to participate in the causticizing reaction, thereby realizing the internal circulation of most lithium and calcium resources with little loss,the raw material supply can be reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Process for preparing lithium hydroxide by causticization method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a process for preparing lithium hydroxide by a causticization method and application thereof.
Background
With the popularization of power batteries, the demand of domestic lithium batteries is continuously increased, lithium hydroxide used as a raw material of a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery is often causticized by a large amount of calcium hydroxide in production, and partial lithium can be taken away from calcium slag after causticization, so that the lithium yield is reduced; meanwhile, the calcium slag causticized under the alkaline condition has high pH value and complex components and is difficult to directly discharge.
In the common process, a lithium-containing solution is obtained by repeatedly washing, pulping and filter-pressing the causticized slag, the filter-pressed calcium slag is directly treated as solid waste, a large amount of deionized water is needed in the process, and the calcium slag is not recycled.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a process for preparing lithium hydroxide by a causticizing method and application thereof, which can improve the lithium yield in the causticizing process, realize calcium resource recovery and reduce solid waste discharge.
According to one aspect of the invention, a process for preparing lithium hydroxide by causticization is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out causticization reaction on lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide under a hydrothermal condition, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain causticized slag and a lithium hydroxide solution;
s2: acid leaching the causticized slag to obtain acid-leached liquid;
s3: adding alkali liquor into the acid-leached liquid to adjust the pH value to be alkaline, heating, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain calcium hydroxide precipitate and a first lithium-containing solution, wherein the calcium hydroxide precipitate is used for causticization reaction in the step S1;
s4: the first oneConcentrating the lithium-containing solution, introducing excessive CO into the concentrated solution 2 Carrying out reaction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a calcium carbonate precipitate and a second lithium-containing solution;
s5: and heating the second lithium-containing solution, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium carbonate precipitate, and using the lithium carbonate precipitate for the causticization reaction in the step S1.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the ratio of the molar amount of lithium in the lithium carbonate to the molar amount of hydroxide in the calcium hydroxide is 1: (1-1.5).
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the temperature of the causticizing reaction is 60 to 90 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the components of the causticized slag include calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and lithium carbonate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the acid leaching process is: adding water into the causticized slag to prepare pulp, adding acid liquor to carry out acid leaching, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the liquid after acid leaching.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the CO produced during the acid leaching is 2 Used in the reaction described in step S4.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the acid solution used in the acid leaching is at least one of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the calcium hydroxide precipitate is added with water to be pulped, and then added to step S1 for causticization.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S3, the alkali solution is at least one of sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S3, the main ions in the first lithium-containing solution are hydroxide, lithium ions, calcium ions, anions of added acid solution, and cations of added alkali solution.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S3, the pH is adjusted to 10-14.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the heating in step S3 is 60 to 90 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, the concentration is performed by evaporation, and the temperature of evaporation concentration is 98-108 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the reaction in step S4 is 10-40 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S5, CO generated during said heating is 2 Used in the reaction described in step S4.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the heating in step S5 is 60 to 90 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the process in preparation of a lithium ion battery.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the following advantages are provided:
1. compared with the prior art, the method deeply treats the solid waste causticized slag, recovers lithium resources from the causticized slag, improves the lithium yield of the whole causticizing process, and reduces the emission of the solid waste.
2. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that calcium resources in the causticized slag are recycled, the calcium hydroxide precipitate generated in the step S3 can be used as a causticizing raw material to participate in the causticizing reaction in the step S1, and meanwhile, the lithium carbonate precipitate generated in the step S5 is also used as a causticizing raw material to participate in the causticizing reaction in the step S1, so that internal circulation of most lithium and calcium resources is realized, only little loss is caused, raw material supply can be reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
3. The invention can collect the carbon dioxide generated in the acid leaching process of the step S2 and the heating process of the step S5, and the carbon dioxide is reused as the reaction raw material of the step S4, thereby reducing the carbon emission and realizing the internal circulation of resources.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The idea of the invention and the resulting technical effects will be clearly and completely described below in connection with the embodiments, so that the objects, features and effects of the invention can be fully understood. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts are within the protection scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A process for preparing lithium hydroxide by a causticization method, which comprises the following specific steps with reference to fig. 1:
(1) According to the ratio of lithium to hydroxyl 1:1.2, adding the lithium carbonate slurry into the calcium hydroxide slurry to carry out causticization reaction;
(2) Stirring and reacting for 60min at 80 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain causticized slag and lithium hydroxide product solution, wherein the main components of the causticized slag are calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and lithium carbonate;
(3) Adding water into the causticized slag, stirring and pulping, adding dilute hydrochloric acid into the slurry until the causticized slag is completely dissolved and no bubble is generated to obtain an acid-leached liquid, and collecting carbon dioxide gas generated in the reaction for the reaction in the step (8);
(4) Adding an amount of sodium hydroxide solution to the post acid leach liquor such that the solution pH =12;
(5) Heating the solution obtained in the step (4) to 80 ℃ by utilizing the characteristic that the solubility is lower when the temperature of the calcium hydroxide is higher, stirring for 15min, and filtering and separating to obtain a calcium hydroxide precipitate and a lithium-containing solution, wherein main ions in the lithium-containing solution are hydroxide, lithium ions, calcium ions, chloride ions and sodium ions;
(6) Adding water into the calcium hydroxide precipitate obtained in the step (5) according to the mass ratio of 1;
(7) The lithium-containing solution in the step (5) contains impurities such as chloride ions, sodium ions and the like, the content of lithium is low, the temperature needs to be further raised to 102 ℃, and evaporation concentration is carried out to improve the concentration of lithium ions;
(8) Introducing excessive carbon dioxide into the concentrated mother liquor to react at 25 ℃, wherein the generated calcium carbonate precipitate is difficult to continuously react with the excessive carbon dioxide, the generated insoluble lithium carbonate precipitate can continuously react with the excessive carbon dioxide to generate lithium bicarbonate with high solubility, and the calcium carbonate precipitate and the lithium bicarbonate solution are obtained by filtering and separating after reacting for 60min, so that the aim of decalcification is fulfilled, and the calcium carbonate precipitate is taken as a byproduct;
(9) Heating a lithium bicarbonate solution to 90 ℃ by utilizing the characteristic that lithium bicarbonate is easy to decompose when being heated, preserving the temperature for 60min, heating and decomposing the lithium bicarbonate to generate lithium carbonate precipitate and carbon dioxide gas, filtering to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate and waste liquid, and achieving the purpose of removing impurities;
(10) Adding distilled water into the lithium carbonate precipitate in the step (9) according to the mass ratio of 1;
(11) Collecting the carbon dioxide gas generated in (9) and using the carbon dioxide gas in the reaction of the step (8).
The lithium yield and the calcium yield of the whole process flow are calculated to be 91.8% and 98.5% respectively.
Lithium yield calculation formula:
Figure BDA0003703277680000041
wherein m is 1 Is the mass of lithium in the lithium carbonate slurry, m 2 Is the mass of lithium in the calcium carbonate precipitate, m 3 The quality of lithium in the waste liquid is shown.
The calcium yield calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003703277680000051
wherein m is 1 Is the calcium mass m in the calcium hydroxide slurry 2 M is the calcium mass in the lithium hydroxide product 3 The quality of calcium in the waste liquid is shown.
Example 2
A process for preparing lithium hydroxide by a causticization method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) According to the ratio of lithium to hydroxyl 1:1.5, adding the lithium carbonate slurry into the calcium hydroxide slurry to carry out causticization reaction;
(2) Stirring and reacting for 120min at 90 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain causticized slag and lithium hydroxide product solution, wherein the main components of the causticized slag are calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and lithium carbonate;
(3) Adding water into the causticized slag, stirring and pulping, adding dilute hydrochloric acid into the slurry until the causticized slag is completely dissolved and no bubble is generated to obtain a liquid after acid leaching, and collecting carbon dioxide gas generated in the reaction for the reaction in the step (8);
(4) Adding a certain amount of sodium hydroxide solution to the acid leached liquor so that the pH of the solution is =13;
(5) Heating the solution obtained in the step (4) to 90 ℃ by utilizing the characteristic that the solubility is lower when the temperature of the calcium hydroxide is higher, stirring for 30min, and filtering and separating to obtain a calcium hydroxide precipitate and a lithium-containing solution, wherein main ions in the lithium-containing solution are hydroxide, lithium ions, calcium ions, chloride ions and sodium ions;
(6) Adding water into the calcium hydroxide precipitate obtained in the step (5) according to the mass ratio of 1;
(7) The lithium-containing solution in the step (5) contains impurities such as chloride ions, sodium ions and the like, the content of lithium is low, the temperature needs to be further raised to 102 ℃, and evaporation concentration is carried out to improve the concentration of lithium ions;
(8) Introducing excessive carbon dioxide into the concentrated mother liquor to react at 25 ℃, wherein the generated calcium carbonate precipitate is difficult to continuously react with the excessive carbon dioxide, the generated insoluble lithium carbonate precipitate can continuously react with the excessive carbon dioxide to generate lithium bicarbonate with high solubility, and the calcium carbonate precipitate and the lithium bicarbonate solution are obtained by filtering and separating after reacting for 60min, so that the aim of decalcification is fulfilled, and the calcium carbonate precipitate is taken as a byproduct;
(9) Heating a lithium bicarbonate solution to 90 ℃ by utilizing the characteristic that lithium bicarbonate is easy to decompose when being heated, preserving the heat for 60min, heating and decomposing the lithium bicarbonate to generate lithium carbonate precipitate and carbon dioxide gas, filtering to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate and waste liquid, and realizing the purpose of removing impurities;
(10) Adding distilled water into the lithium carbonate precipitate in the step (9) according to the mass ratio of 1;
(11) Collecting the carbon dioxide gas generated in (9) and using the carbon dioxide gas in the reaction of the step (8).
In this example, the reaction conversion rate was increased by increasing the reaction temperature and increasing the pH, with a lithium yield of 94.5% and a calcium yield of 98.8%.
Comparative example 1
A traditional causticizing process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) According to the ratio of lithium to hydroxyl 1:1.2, adding the lithium carbonate slurry into the calcium hydroxide slurry to carry out causticization reaction;
(2) Stirring and reacting for 60min at 80 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain causticized slag and lithium hydroxide product solution, wherein the main components of the causticized slag are calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and lithium carbonate;
(3) Carrying out treatment on the causticized slag by a method comprising the following steps of 1: and pulping and washing for three times at the mass ratio of 3, and finally using the washing water as lithium carbonate for pulping.
The comparative example does not relate to the recovery of calcium, the washed causticized slag is directly treated as solid waste, and the lithium yield is 83.2 percent.
Lithium yield calculation formula:
Figure BDA0003703277680000061
wherein m is 1 Mass of lithium in lithium carbonate slurry, m 2 The quality of lithium in the causticized slag after washing is shown.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. The process for preparing lithium hydroxide by a causticization method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: carrying out causticization reaction on lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide under a hydrothermal condition, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain causticized slag and a lithium hydroxide solution;
s2: acid leaching the causticized slag to obtain acid-leached liquid;
s3: adding alkali liquor into the acid-leached liquid to adjust the pH value to be alkaline, heating, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain calcium hydroxide precipitate and a first lithium-containing solution, wherein the calcium hydroxide precipitate is used for causticization reaction in the step S1;
s4: concentrating the first lithium-containing solution, and introducing excessive CO into the obtained concentrated solution 2 Carrying out reaction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain calcium carbonate precipitate and a second lithium-containing solution;
s5: and heating the second lithium-containing solution, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium carbonate precipitate, and using the lithium carbonate precipitate for the causticization reaction in the step S1.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the ratio of the molar amount of lithium in the lithium carbonate to the molar amount of hydroxide in the calcium hydroxide is 1: (1-1.5).
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the causticizing reaction temperature in the step S1 is 60-90 ℃.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, CO produced in the acid leaching process 2 Used in the reaction described in step S4.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the acid solution used for acid leaching is at least one of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the alkali solution is at least one of sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the pH is adjusted to 10-14.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in step S3 is 60-90 ℃.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S5, CO generated during the heating process 2 Used in the reaction described in step S4.
10. Use of the process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the preparation of lithium ion batteries.
CN202210697507.1A 2022-06-20 2022-06-20 Process for preparing lithium hydroxide by causticization method and application thereof Pending CN115159549A (en)

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