CN115155098A - Sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device - Google Patents
Sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115155098A CN115155098A CN202110368320.2A CN202110368320A CN115155098A CN 115155098 A CN115155098 A CN 115155098A CN 202110368320 A CN202110368320 A CN 202110368320A CN 115155098 A CN115155098 A CN 115155098A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D5/00—Sulfates or sulfites of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D5/16—Purification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device which comprises a crystallization tank, a preheating crystal removal mechanism and a cooling mechanism, wherein the crystallization tank is connected with a liquid conveying pipeline, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism are sequentially connected with the liquid conveying pipeline along the flowing direction of mixed liquid in the liquid conveying pipeline, and a heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is communicated with a heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling mechanism. According to the invention, the preheating crystal removal mechanism can eliminate fine crystals in the mixed liquid conveyed by the infusion pipeline, and the mixed liquid is cooled by the cooling mechanism and then flows back to the crystallizing tank, so that the particle size distribution width of finished crystals is effectively narrower, the product quality is improved, the occurrence frequency of crystal blockage is reduced, the long-term stable work of a freezing crystallizer is ensured, the crystallization efficiency is improved, and the structure is simple and compact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freezing crystallization, in particular to a sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device.
Background
The freezing crystallization technology is an important technology for salt chemical industry in modern industry, and is characterized in that a solution dissolved with a target solute is cooled to reduce the solubility of the solution, and then the solution spontaneously generates crystal seeds or is added with the crystal seeds to be used as condensation nuclei, so that the crystals gradually grow up to obtain a product. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (commonly called mirabilite) is used as an important raw material in the two-alkali industry, and the cold preparation process is to cool the solution to obtain crystals. In the process, a sodium sulfate solution is required to be pretreated to reach saturation, and then a finished product is obtained in a freezing crystallizer through the processes of cooling, crystallization, elutriation and evaporation and the like.
The freezing crystallizer is an indispensable important working unit for completing the freezing crystallization process flow, and the modern freezing crystallizer mainly comprises a cooling chamber, a crystallizing tank, a circulating pipeline and the like. The existing freezing crystallizer mainly has the problems of fine grain entrainment, mother liquor occlusion, crystal blockage and the like, and can not ensure the stability of the long-term work of the freezing crystallizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device, which is used for solving the defect that a freezing crystallizer cannot stably work for a long time due to easy crystal blockage and scaling in the prior art, reducing the occurrence frequency of crystal blockage and ensuring the long-term stable work of the freezing crystallizer.
The invention provides a sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device which comprises a crystallization tank, a preheating crystal removal mechanism and a cooling mechanism, wherein the crystallization tank is connected with a liquid conveying pipeline, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism are sequentially connected with the liquid conveying pipeline along the flowing direction of mixed liquid in the liquid conveying pipeline, and a heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is communicated with a heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling mechanism.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the preheating and crystal removing mechanism comprises a preheater, and the preheater is connected with the infusion pipeline.
The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device further comprises a variable frequency pump, and the variable frequency pump and the preheater are connected in parallel on the liquid conveying pipeline.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the preheating and crystal removing mechanism further comprises a filter, and the filter is arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline between the preheater and the cooling mechanism.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, a flow meter is arranged on the infusion pipeline between the filter and the cooling mechanism.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, a guide flow cylinder, a stirring shaft and a spiral stirring paddle are arranged in the crystallization tank, the guide flow cylinder is fixedly arranged in the crystallization tank, the first end of the stirring shaft is rotatably arranged on the inner top side of the crystallization tank, the second end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the guide flow cylinder, and the spiral stirring paddle is arranged at the second end of the stirring shaft and is positioned in the guide flow cylinder.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the ultrasonic generator is further arranged in the crystallization tank, the ultrasonic generator is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the crystallization tank below the guide flow cylinder, and the ultrasonic emission end of the ultrasonic generator is arranged opposite to the guide flow cylinder.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the cooling mechanism comprises a supercooling heat exchanger, a compressor and a condenser, the supercooling heat exchanger is connected with the infusion pipeline, an outlet of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor, an outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser, and an outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, an expansion valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between a heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser and a heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the crystallization tank, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism are arranged, the crystallization tank is connected with the infusion pipeline, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism are sequentially connected with the infusion pipeline along the flowing direction of mixed liquid in the infusion pipeline, a heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is communicated with a heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling mechanism, so that the preheating crystal removal mechanism can eliminate fine crystals in mixed liquid conveyed by the infusion pipeline, and the mixed liquid is cooled by the cooling mechanism and then flows back into the crystallization tank, so that the particle size distribution width of finished crystals is effectively narrower, the product quality is improved, the occurrence frequency of crystal blockage is reduced, the long-term stable work of a freezing crystallizer is ensured, the crystallization efficiency is improved, and the structure is simple and compact.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a crystallizing tank in the sodium sulfate cooling and crystallizing device provided by the invention;
reference numerals are as follows:
100: a crystallizing tank; 110: a draft tube; 120: a stirring shaft;
130: a helical stirring paddle; 140: an ultrasonic generator; 150: a discharge outlet;
200: a transfusion pipeline; 210: a variable frequency pump; 220: a flow meter;
310: a preheater; 320: a filter; 410: a subcooling heat exchanger;
420: a compressor; 430: a condenser; 440: an expansion valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2, and includes a crystallization tank 100, a preheating crystal removal mechanism and a cooling mechanism, the crystallization tank 100 is connected to a liquid conveying pipeline 200, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism are sequentially connected to the liquid conveying pipeline 200 along the flow direction of the mixed liquid in the liquid conveying pipeline 200, and a heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is communicated with a heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling mechanism. It can be understood that the crystallization tank 100 is used for storing a mixed liquid of mother liquid and fresh feed liquid, one end of the liquid conveying pipeline 200 is connected with a liquid outlet of the crystallization tank 100, and the other end of the liquid conveying pipeline 200 is connected with a liquid return port of the crystallization tank 100. Along the flow direction of the mixed liquid in the infusion pipeline 200, preheat and remove brilliant mechanism and cooling body and set gradually on infusion pipeline 200, that is to say, the mixed liquid that infusion pipeline 200 carried is preferred to be removed the fine grain in the mixed liquid through preheating brilliant mechanism, cool off through cooling body again, later flow back to in the crystallizer 100, effectively make finished product crystal grain size distribution width narrower, improve product quality, reduce the frequency of occurrence that the crystal blockked up, guarantee that freezing crystallizer is long-term stable work, promote crystallization efficiency.
The heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating and crystal removal mechanism is communicated with the heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling mechanism, so that heat generated by the cooling mechanism in the heat exchange process is realized, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the preheating and crystal removal mechanism comprises a preheater 310, and the preheater 310 is connected with the infusion pipeline 200. It is understood that the preheater 310 is installed upstream of the cooling mechanism and connected to the liquid conveying pipeline 200 for preheating the mixed liquid in the liquid conveying pipeline 200 to eliminate the fine crystals in the mixed liquid.
The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device further comprises a variable frequency pump 210, and the variable frequency pump 210 and the preheater 310 are arranged on the infusion pipeline 200 in parallel. It is understood that variable frequency pump 210 is mounted on infusion line 200 to provide motive force for the flow of mixed liquor. The variable frequency pump 210 is connected in parallel with the preheater 310, that is, a part of the mixed liquid in the infusion pipeline 200 flows through the preheater 310 to be preheated; the other part of the mixed liquid flows through the variable frequency pump 210, and then the two parts of the mixed liquid are merged, wherein the preheated mixed liquid part transfers heat to the mixed liquid flowing through the variable frequency pump 210, so that the heat output by the preheater 310 is completely absorbed by one part of the mixed liquid, one part of the heat is used for completely eliminating fine crystals in the part of the mixed liquid, and the residual heat is enough for eliminating the fine crystals in the mixed liquid flowing through the variable frequency pump 210, thereby realizing the elimination of the whole fine crystals in the mixed liquid. It is worth explaining that the mixed liquid shunting mode is adopted, one part of the mixed liquid is preferentially subjected to fine grain elimination, and the other part of the mixed liquid is subjected to fine grain elimination, so that the fine grain elimination effect in the mixed liquid can be ensured.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the preheating and crystal removal mechanism further comprises a filter 320, and the filter 320 is arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline 200 between the preheater 310 and the cooling mechanism. It can be understood that the filter 320 is installed downstream of the variable frequency pump 210 and the preheater 310 and upstream of the cooling mechanism, so as to filter the mixed liquid after the fine grain elimination in the infusion pipeline 200, and completely filter the impurities and the residual fine grains.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, a flow meter 220 is arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline 200 between the filter 320 and the cooling mechanism. It is understood that flow meter 220 is installed on fluid line 200 downstream of filter 320 and upstream of the cooling mechanism to detect the flow rate of the mixed fluid in fluid line 200 and thereby determine the output temperature of preheater 310. It should be noted that the output temperature of the preheater 310 needs to be higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to the corresponding concentration of the mixed liquid in the infusion pipeline 200 detected by the flow meter 220, so as to ensure the effect of removing fine crystals in the mixed liquid.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the crystallization tank 100 is internally provided with the guide shell 110, the stirring shaft 120 and the spiral stirring paddle 130, the guide shell 110 is fixedly arranged in the crystallization tank 100, the first end of the stirring shaft 120 is rotatably arranged at the inner top side of the crystallization tank 100, the second end of the stirring shaft 120 penetrates through the guide shell 110, and the spiral stirring paddle 130 is arranged at the second end of the stirring shaft 120 and is positioned in the guide shell 110. It can be understood that the guide shell 110 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and is vertically disposed in the crystallization tank 100, and both the upper end and the lower end of the guide shell are open. The stirring shaft 120 is vertically disposed in the crystallization tank 100, and a first end, i.e., an upper end, of the stirring shaft is rotatably mounted on an inner top side of the crystallization tank 100, and a second end, i.e., a lower end, of the stirring shaft is inserted into the guide shell 110. The spiral stirring paddle 130 is installed at the lower end of the stirring shaft 120 and is located in the guide shell 110. When the stirring shaft 120 drives the spiral stirring paddle 130 to rotate, the mixed liquid in the crystallization tank 100 flows, as shown in fig. 1, the arrow direction is the flowing direction of the mixed liquid, the mixed liquid outside the guide shell 110 flows upward, enters the guide shell 110 from the upper end of the guide shell 110, and the mixed liquid in the guide shell 110 flows out of the guide shell 110 from the lower end thereof.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the crystallization tank 100 is internally provided with the ultrasonic generator 140, the ultrasonic generator 140 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the crystallization tank 100 below the guide shell 110, and the ultrasonic emission end of the ultrasonic generator 140 is opposite to the guide shell 110. It can be understood that the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator 140 reacts with the mixed liquid flowing out from the lower end of the guide cylinder 110 to form primary crystals, the supersaturated liquid formed after being cooled by the cooling mechanism is not overcooled during the flowing process, and then the crystallization is completed, and the crystals are discharged out of the crystallization tank 100 through the discharge outlet 150.
In order to improve the utilization rate and crystallization effect of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic generator 140, the ultrasonic generator 140 is arranged right below the guide cylinder 110, so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic generator 140 is opposite to the flow direction of the mixed liquid flowing out of the guide cylinder 110, the convection effect of the mixed liquid in contact with the ultrasonic waves is increased, and the crystallization efficiency is improved.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the cooling mechanism comprises a supercooling heat exchanger 410, a compressor 420 and a condenser 430, the supercooling heat exchanger 410 is connected with the liquid conveying pipeline 200, the outlet of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger 410 is connected with the inlet of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor 420, the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor 420 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger 410. It can be understood that the mixed liquid flows through the supercooling heat exchanger 410 after passing through the preheating and crystal removal mechanism, and the supercooled saturated liquid is formed and flows back to the crystallization tank 100. Wherein, the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger 410 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor 420, the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor 420 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430, the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger 410, and the circulating flow refrigeration of the heat exchange medium is realized.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism. It can be understood that the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheater 310 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheater 310, so that the heat generated in the heat exchange process of the supercooling heat exchanger 410 by the preheater 310 is recycled, and the energy consumption is reduced.
According to the sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention, an expansion valve 440 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between a heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser 430 and a heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger 410. It will be appreciated that the expansion valve 440 is configured to provide superheat protection.
The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device provided by the invention is provided with the crystallization tank, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism, wherein the crystallization tank is connected with the liquid conveying pipeline, the preheating crystal removal mechanism and the cooling mechanism are sequentially connected with the liquid conveying pipeline along the flowing direction of mixed liquid in the liquid conveying pipeline, and a heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating crystal removal mechanism is communicated with a heat exchange medium pipeline of the cooling mechanism, so that fine crystals in the mixed liquid conveyed by the liquid conveying pipeline are eliminated by the preheating crystal removal mechanism, and then the mixed liquid is cooled by the cooling mechanism and flows back into the crystallization tank, so that the particle size distribution width of finished crystals is effectively narrower, the product quality is improved, the occurrence frequency of crystal blockage is reduced, the long-term stable work of a freezing crystallizer is ensured, the crystallization efficiency is improved, and the structure is simple and compact.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device, its characterized in that, includes crystallizer, preheating and removes brilliant mechanism and cooling body, the crystallizer is connected the infusion pipeline, follows the flow direction of mixed liquid in the infusion pipeline preheating remove brilliant mechanism with cooling body in proper order with the infusion pipeline is connected, preheating remove brilliant mechanism the heat transfer medium pipeline with cooling body's heat transfer medium pipeline intercommunication.
2. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device of claim 1, wherein the preheating decrystallization mechanism comprises a preheater, and the preheater is connected with the liquid conveying pipeline.
3. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device according to claim 2, further comprising a variable frequency pump, wherein the variable frequency pump and the preheater are arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline in parallel.
4. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device of claim 2, wherein the preheating and crystal removing mechanism further comprises a filter, and the filter is installed on the liquid conveying pipeline between the preheater and the cooling mechanism.
5. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device of claim 4, wherein a flow meter is arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline between the filter and the cooling mechanism.
6. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device according to claim 1, wherein a draft tube, a stirring shaft and a spiral stirring paddle are arranged in the crystallization tank, the draft tube is fixedly installed in the crystallization tank, a first end of the stirring shaft is rotatably installed on the inner top side of the crystallization tank, a second end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the draft tube, and the spiral stirring paddle is installed at a second end of the stirring shaft and is located in the draft tube.
7. The sodium sulfate cooling and crystallizing device as claimed in claim 6, wherein an ultrasonic generator is further disposed in the crystallizing tank, the ultrasonic generator is mounted on the inner side of the bottom of the crystallizing tank below the guide shell, and an ultrasonic emitting end of the ultrasonic generator is disposed opposite to the guide shell.
8. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling mechanism comprises a supercooling heat exchanger, a compressor and a condenser, the supercooling heat exchanger is connected with the infusion pipeline, an outlet of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of a heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor, an outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the compressor is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser, and an outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger.
9. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device according to claim 8, wherein an outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating decrystallization mechanism is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser, and an outlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium pipeline of the preheating decrystallization mechanism.
10. The sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device according to claim 8, wherein an expansion valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the heat exchange medium pipeline of the condenser and the heat exchange medium pipeline of the supercooling heat exchanger.
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| CN202110368320.2A CN115155098A (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device |
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| CN202110368320.2A CN115155098A (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Sodium sulfate cooling crystallization device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116022826A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-04-28 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队) | Device and method for extracting sodium sulfate and sodium chloride from high-salt wastewater |
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| CN111087034A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-01 | 西安交通大学 | Desulfurization waste water and salt recovery system and method of integrated absorption heat pump |
| CN212559531U (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-02-19 | 麦王环境技术股份有限公司 | Complete equipment for recycling salt or nitrate from high-salinity wastewater by means of fractional crystallization |
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| CN204057987U (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2014-12-31 | 中国轻工业长沙工程有限公司 | Saltcake continuous seepage freezing and crystallizing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116022826A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-04-28 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队) | Device and method for extracting sodium sulfate and sodium chloride from high-salt wastewater |
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