CN115153611A - Annihilation point positioning method of normal electron couple element - Google Patents

Annihilation point positioning method of normal electron couple element Download PDF

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CN115153611A
CN115153611A CN202210923350.XA CN202210923350A CN115153611A CN 115153611 A CN115153611 A CN 115153611A CN 202210923350 A CN202210923350 A CN 202210923350A CN 115153611 A CN115153611 A CN 115153611A
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况鹏
吴亚茹
刘福雁
王英杰
于啸天
张红强
曹兴忠
张鹏
章志明
于润升
王宝义
魏龙
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Abstract

The invention relates to an annihilation point positioning method of normal electron idons, belongs to the technical field of nuclear spectroscopy, and solves the problem of low measurement precision of o-Ps annihilation point positions. A normal electron pair annihilation point locating method comprises the following steps: 3 gamma annihilation is carried out on the electronic couple, and the incident time and the incident position of 3 annihilation photons are obtained by the detection of a position sensitive detector; constructing a coplanar plane of incidence positions of the 3 annihilation photons as a positioning plane; on the localization plane, the annihilation point is localized based on the incidence time of the 3 annihilation photons, the incidence position, and the propagation relationship between the annihilation points. The method provides a novel positioning method and a novel principle for generating 3 gamma annihilation by the electronic couple elements, and can realize the rapid and accurate positioning of annihilation points.

Description

Annihilation point positioning method of normal electron couple element
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear spectroscopy, in particular to an annihilation point positioning method of normal electron doublets.
Background
The electronic coupling element (Positronium, abbreviated as Ps) is a metastable state structure (similar to a hydrogen atom structure) formed by binding a positron and an electron, wherein the service life of triplet electronic coupling elements (o-Ps, normal electronic coupling elements) with parallel spin directions can reach 142ns, the probability of 3 gamma annihilation is high, the o-Ps are uncharged, and the characteristic of being extremely sensitive to the microenvironment where the o-Ps are located enables the electronic coupling element to become a nondestructive and high-sensitivity probe, and the electronic coupling element plays a unique role in the aspects of basic physics, anti-material science, material microstructure characterization, medical imaging and the like. For example, the annihilation angle correlation of the electric couple elements can be used for measuring CPT with high precision, the generation and storage of the electric couple elements can be used for obtaining a high-brightness positive electron source, the time-of-flight (Ps-TOF) spectrum of the electric couple elements can be used for the characterization of the micropore structure near the surface of the material, and the Ps case location can be used for correcting imaging artifacts of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), etc. The core problem is how to accurately obtain the distribution of annihilation points of Ps.
The traditional technical method, such as annihilation gamma by detection collimation, greatly reduces the counting efficiency at the cost of reducing the detection solid angle, and has limited precision; or, the 3 gamma annihilation case is discriminated through energy spectrum coincidence, the requirement on the energy resolution of the detector is extremely high, and an error case caused by 2 gamma scattering cannot be completely avoided; furthermore, since Ps is an uncharged particle, detection of the Ps track cannot be achieved by electromagnetic interaction like electrons or ions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a method for locating an annihilation point of a normal electron couple, so as to solve the problem of low accuracy in measuring an annihilation point of o-Ps.
The invention provides an annihilation point positioning method of normal electronic binoculars, which comprises the following steps:
3 gamma annihilation is carried out on the normal electron couple, and the incident time and the incident position of 3 annihilation photons are obtained by the detection of a position sensitive detector;
constructing a plane coplanar with the incidence positions of the 3 annihilation photons as a positioning plane;
on the localization plane, the annihilation point is localized based on the incidence time of the 3 annihilation photons, the incidence position, and the propagation relationship between the annihilation points.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention also makes the following improvements:
further, the annihilation point is located by:
the maximum value, the second largest value, and the minimum value among the incidence times T1, T2, and T3 of the 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3 are denoted as T in this order max 、T mid 、T min Sequentially marking incidence positions corresponding to the maximum value, the second maximum value and the minimum value in the incidence time T1, T2 and T3 as incidence positions
Figure BDA0003778615020000021
Figure BDA0003778615020000022
Obtaining the maximum radius R according to the formula (1) max And the second largest radius R mid ：
Figure BDA0003778615020000023
Wherein c represents the propagation speed of light;
using Rmax as radiusIn order to
Figure BDA0003778615020000024
Making a circle O as the center of the circle max With R mid Is a radius of
Figure BDA0003778615020000025
Making a circle O as the center of the circle mid Will simultaneously circumscribe on the circle O max Circle of O mid The center of the circle is used as an annihilation point;
and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the annihilation point to realize the localization of the annihilation point.
Further, the normal electron pair undergoes 3 γ annihilation, including: when the electron element emits the electron element particle beam, each normal electron element particle in the electron element particle beam flies in the vacuum pipeline and then 3 gamma annihilation occurs; the vacuum pipeline is wrapped by the position sensitive detector;
the method further comprises the following steps:
according to the emission sequence of the normal electronic couple particles, the distribution N (z) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electronic couple particle along the z-axis direction in the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) is counted in sequence to obtain the flight time spectrum of the electronic couple.
Further, the method further comprises:
and (3) sequentially counting two-dimensional distribution N (x, y) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electronic couple particle in the transverse direction according to the emission sequence of the normal electronic couple particles, and using the two-dimensional distribution N (x, y) to diagnose the cross section of the Ps beam.
Further, the method further comprises:
and sequentially counting the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electron couple particle according to the emission sequence of the normal electron couple particles, and using the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) to diagnose the three-dimensional shape of the Ps beam.
Further, the normal electron pair undergoes 3 γ annihilation, which further includes: in organism tissues, the beta + radioactive isotope medicament emits positrons, and the positrons are combined with electrons in the organism to form normal electron pair elements and generate 3 gamma annihilation;
at this time, the method further includes:
and (4) counting the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) of annihilation points corresponding to normal electron binoculars to form positron emission tomography imaging.
Furthermore, the position sensitive detector adopts a flat plate wrapping structure consisting of 3 position sensitive detection units to form a detection area covering a transverse 2 pi detection solid angle vertical to the electronic couple beam and a radial annihilation position parallel to the electronic couple beam.
Furthermore, the position sensitive detector adopts an annular columnar structure to form a 2 pi detection solid angle covering the directions of the x axis and the y axis and a detection area along the direction of the z axis.
Further, the normal electron pair undergoes 3 γ annihilation, which further includes:
3 gamma annihilation of normal electron binoculars occurs in a sample, and 3 gamma photons penetrate the sample and are detected by a position sensitive detector; the normal electronic couple is wrapped in the position sensitive detector;
at this time, the method further includes:
the average time from generation to annihilation of each normal electron couple is calculated separately
Figure BDA0003778615020000041
Figure BDA0003778615020000042
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003778615020000043
respectively indicate the distances from the annihilation point a to the incident positions S1, S2, and S3 of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3; wherein T1, T2, and T3 respectively represent incident times of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3; c represents the propagation speed of light;
counting the average time distribution of each normal electron couple from generation to annihilation
Figure BDA0003778615020000044
And obtaining an annihilation life spectrum of the electronic couple.
Furthermore, the position sensitive detector adopts a hexahedron structure, and a detection area of a 4 pi detection solid angle is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an annihilation point positioning method of normal electronic couple elements, and provides a novel annihilation point positioning method and a novel annihilation point positioning principle of normal electronic couple elements aiming at the problem of low measurement precision of an o-Ps annihilation point position, so that fast and accurate positioning of annihilation points can be realized, and the problem of high-precision measurement of the o-Ps annihilation point position can be realized.
In addition, the method can obtain the spatial distribution information of the electronic couple annihilation point, can also obtain the annihilation state of the electronic couple, including the energy distribution of 3 gamma, the momentum direction and other related information, and can be used for constructing a novel high-resolution electronic couple flight time spectrometer (Ps-TOF), an electronic couple beam diagnostic system, positron Emission Tomography (PET) and other devices.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an annihilation point localization method of a normal electron pair according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the annihilation angle positioning principle provided by the embodiment of the invention as shown in fig. 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a normal electric couple in a first detection mode of a position sensitive detector using a plate package structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a normal electric couple in a second detection mode by using a position sensitive detector with an annular columnar structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third normal electric couple in a detection mode of a position sensitive detector using a hexahedral structure.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a specific embodiment of a method for positioning annihilation points of normal electron binoculars, which is shown in a flow chart of figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step S1: 3 gamma annihilation is carried out on the normal electron couple, and the incident time and the incident position of 3 annihilation photons are obtained by the detection of a position sensitive detector;
specifically, 3 γ annihilation occurs in a normal electron couple (o-Ps) in the detection region, 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, γ 3 are directly incident on the position sensitive detector, and the position sensitive detector obtains an incident position S and an incident time T of the gamma: γ 1 (S1, T1), γ 2 (S2, T2), γ 3 (S3, T3);
step S2: constructing a plane coplanar with the incidence positions of the 3 annihilation photons as a positioning plane;
specifically, according to momentum conservation and coplanarity of vectors in the 3 gamma emission direction, a plane P and a triangle delta S1S2S3 are constructed by coplanarity of three points S1, S2 and S3; triangle Δ S1S2S3 is on plane P;
and step S3: on the localization plane, the annihilation point is localized based on the incidence time of 3 annihilation photons, the incidence position, and the propagation relationship between the annihilation points.
In step S3, the annihilation point is located by performing the following operations:
first, the propagation relationship among the incidence time, incidence position, and annihilation point of 3 annihilation photons is analyzed: the differences between the three time signals T1, T2, T3 reflect the gamma propagation path differences, i.e., the distances from the annihilation point A (x, y, z) to S1, S2, S3, respectively
Figure BDA0003778615020000061
Figure BDA0003778615020000062
The principle of the positioning algorithm is as follows: respectively taking S1, S2 and S3 as the center of a circle and
Figure BDA0003778615020000063
the radius is made into a circle in the P plane, and the common intersection point of the three circles is the annihilation point A. Further, it is found by analysis that the distances from the annihilation point a to the incident positions S1, S2, and S3 of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3 are written in a column with the three-dimensional coordinates of the annihilation point a as unknowns
Figure BDA0003778615020000064
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003778615020000065
Figure BDA0003778615020000066
the incidence times T1, T2, T3 with the 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, γ 3 satisfy formula (1):
Figure BDA0003778615020000067
wherein c is the propagation speed of light;
therefore, the annihilation point a can be algorithmically located based on the differences between T1, T2, and T3.
In a specific implementation process, based on the principle analysis, an annihilation point locating mode in the embodiment is formed, and an annihilation angle locating principle schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2 and described as follows:
the maximum value, the second largest value, and the minimum value among the incidence times T1, T2, and T3 of the 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3 are denoted as T in this order max 、T mid 、T min The incidence positions corresponding to the maximum value, the second maximum value and the minimum value in the incidence time T1, T2 and T3 are marked in sequence
Figure BDA0003778615020000071
Figure BDA0003778615020000072
According to the formula (2), obtaining a maximum radius Rmax and a secondary large radius Rmid:
Figure BDA0003778615020000073
wherein c represents the propagation speed of light;
with R max Is a radius of
Figure BDA0003778615020000074
Making a circle O as the center of the circle max With R mid Is a radius of
Figure BDA0003778615020000075
Making a circle O as the center of the circle mid Will simultaneously circumscribe on the circle O max Circle of O mid The center of the circle of (a) is taken as an annihilation point; and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the annihilation point to realize the localization of the annihilation point. While externally tangent to the circle O max Circle O mid Is equal to 0, when the function equation system is used
Figure BDA0003778615020000076
There is and only the unique solution is a (x, y, z) within the triangle Δ S1S2S3 region.
Illustratively, suppose T1<T2<T3, each independently of R mid And R max Making a circle O with the radius and the corresponding S2 and S3 as the center of the circle mid And O max A circle circumscribing two circles simultaneously can be obtained, and a circle center trajectory curve function O (x, y, z) =0 is obtained, in this case, the function equation system can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003778615020000081
the functional equation set has a and only the unique solution is A (x, y, z) in the area of the triangle Δ S1S2S 3.
In this embodiment, the method and the device for acquiring the 3 γ annihilation signal generated by the electron couple element are different from each other for different purposes, but the execution of the corresponding steps S2 and S3 is the same. The concrete description is as follows:
the first method is as follows: for Ps-TOF measurement and Ps beam current diagnosis
Step S1: when emitting the electron couple element particle beam, each normal electron couple element particle in the electron couple element particle beam flies in the vacuum pipeline and then generates 3 gamma annihilation; the vacuum pipeline is wrapped by the position sensitive detector; to transmit Ps time t 0 Triggering a detector to acquire data as starting time;
the execution process of the steps S2-S3 is not changed;
after the annihilation point is located, in mode one, the following information can also be obtained:
and step S4: and according to the emission sequence of the normal electronic couple particles, sequentially counting the distribution N (z) along the z-axis direction in the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of the annihilation point corresponding to each normal electronic couple particle to obtain the flight time (Ps-TOF) spectrum of the electronic couple particles.
Step S5: according to the emission sequence of the normal electronic couple particles, two-dimensional distribution N (x, y) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electronic couple particle in the transverse direction is counted in sequence and is used for cross section flow diagnosis of the Ps beam;
step S6: and sequentially counting the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electron couple particle according to the emission sequence of the normal electron couple particles, and using the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) to diagnose the three-dimensional morphology of the Ps beam.
The second method comprises the following steps: for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging
Step S1: in organism tissues, the beta + radioactive isotope medicament emits positrons, the positrons and electrons have certain probability to combine into normal electron couples (o-Ps), and when the two are combined, the positrons and the electrons in the organism combine to form the normal electron couples and generate 3 gamma annihilation; 3 gamma annihilation photons penetrate biological tissue and are detected by a detection array;
the execution process of the steps S2-S3 is unchanged;
and step S4: and counting the three-dimensional spatial distribution N (x, y, z) of annihilation points corresponding to normal electronic doublets to form PET imaging.
In the first and second modes, the following two types of position-sensitive detectors can be selected:
the position sensitive detector adopts a flat plate package structure consisting of 3 position sensitive detection units and continuous crystal type position sensitive detection units to form a flat plate package structure, and a detection area covering a transverse (x and y axis directions) 2 pi detection solid angle vertical to an electronic couple beam and a radial (z axis direction) annihilation position parallel to the electronic couple beam is formed. Illustratively, in this case, the position-sensitive detection unit may be a continuous crystal type, an array type or a stripe type. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a normal electric coupler in a first detection mode of a position sensitive detector using a plate-wrapped structure.
And secondly, the position sensitive detector adopts an annular columnar structure formed by strip crystal or array crystal type position sensitive detection units to form a 2 pi detection solid angle covering the directions of the x axis and the y axis and a detection area along the direction of the z axis. For example, the position-sensitive detection unit may be a stripe crystal or an array crystal type position-sensitive detection unit. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a normal electric couple in the second detection mode of the position sensitive detector with an annular columnar structure.
The third method comprises the following steps: for positron annihilation spectroscopy
Step S1: 3 gamma annihilation of normal electron binoculars occurs in a sample, and 3 gamma photons penetrate the sample and are detected by a position sensitive detector; the normal electronic couple is wrapped in the position sensitive detector;
the execution process of the steps S2-S3 is unchanged;
and step S4: calculating the average time from generation to annihilation of each normal electron couple element
Figure BDA0003778615020000091
Figure BDA0003778615020000101
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003778615020000102
respectively indicate the distances from the annihilation point a to the incident positions S1, S2, and S3 of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3; wherein T1, T2, and T3 respectively represent the incidence times of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3; c represents the propagation speed of light;
step S5: counting the average time distribution of each normal electron couple from generation to annihilation
Figure BDA0003778615020000103
The annihilation lifetime spectrum of the electronic pair elements is obtained.
In the third embodiment, the following sensitive probes can be selected: the position sensitive detector adopts a hexahedron structure consisting of 6 position sensitive detection units to form a detection area of a 4 pi detection solid angle. Illustratively, at this time, the bit sensitive detection unit may be a continuous crystal type or an array crystal type. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a third normal electric couple element in a position sensitive detector detection mode using a hexahedral structure.
In summary, the annihilation point location method of the normal electronic couple element provided by the embodiment of the invention provides a novel annihilation point location method and a novel annihilation point location principle for the high-precision measurement of the annihilation point position of o-Ps, which can realize the fast and accurate location of the annihilation point and effectively solve the problem that the high-precision measurement of the annihilation point position of o-Ps cannot be realized by the conventional method.
In addition, the method can obtain the spatial distribution information of the electronic couple annihilation point, can also obtain the annihilation state of the electronic couple, including the energy distribution of 3 gamma, the momentum direction and other related information, and can be used for constructing a novel high-resolution electronic couple flight time spectrometer (Ps-TOF), an electronic couple beam diagnostic system, positron Emission Tomography (PET) and other devices.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the flow of the method implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, to instruct related hardware. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. An annihilation point localization method for a normal electron couple element, comprising:
3 gamma annihilation is carried out on the normal electron couple elements, and the incident time and the incident position of 3 annihilation photons are obtained by the detection of a position sensitive detector;
constructing a plane coplanar with the incidence positions of the 3 annihilation photons as a positioning plane;
on the localization plane, the annihilation point is localized based on the incidence time of the 3 annihilation photons, the incidence position, and the propagation relationship between the annihilation points.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the annihilation point is located by:
the maximum value, the second largest value, and the minimum value among the incidence times T1, T2, and T3 of the 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3 are denoted as T in this order max 、T mid 、T min Sequentially marking incidence positions corresponding to the maximum value, the second maximum value and the minimum value in the incidence time T1, T2 and T3 as incidence positions
Figure FDA0003778615010000011
Figure FDA0003778615010000012
Obtaining the maximum radius R according to the formula (1) max And the second largest radius R mid ：
Figure FDA0003778615010000013
Wherein c represents the propagation speed of light;
with R max Is a radius of
Figure FDA0003778615010000014
Making a circle O as the center of the circle max With R mid Is a radius of
Figure FDA0003778615010000015
Making a circle O as the center of the circle mid Will simultaneously circumscribe on the circle O max Circle O mid The center of the circle of (a) is taken as an annihilation point;
and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the annihilation point to realize the localization of the annihilation point.
3. The annihilation point localization method of a normal electronic doublet as claimed in claim 2,
the normal electron pair undergoes 3 gamma annihilation and comprises: emitting electron couple element particle beams, wherein each normal electron couple element particle in the electron couple element particle beams flies in a vacuum pipeline and then generates 3 gamma annihilation; the vacuum pipeline is wrapped by the position sensitive detector;
the method further comprises the following steps:
and according to the emission sequence of the normal electronic couple particles, sequentially counting the distribution N (z) along the z-axis direction in the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of the annihilation point corresponding to each normal electronic couple particle to obtain the flight time spectrum of the electronic couple.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
and sequentially counting two-dimensional distribution N (x, y) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electron couple particle in the transverse direction according to the emission sequence of the normal electron couple particles, and using the two-dimensional distribution N (x, y) for cross section diagnosis of the Ps beam.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
and sequentially counting the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) of annihilation points corresponding to each normal electron couple particle according to the emission sequence of the normal electron couple particles, and using the three-dimensional space distribution N (x, y, z) to diagnose the three-dimensional shape of the Ps beam.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the annihilation site of a normal electron pair is 3- γ annihilation, further comprising: in organism tissues, the beta + radioactive isotope medicament emits positrons, and the positrons are combined with electrons in the organism to form normal electron pair elements and generate 3 gamma annihilation;
at this time, the method further includes:
and counting the three-dimensional spatial distribution N (x, y, z) of annihilation points corresponding to the normal electron doublets to form positron emission tomography imaging.
7. The annihilation point localization method of a normal electron doublet according to any one of claims 1-6,
the position sensitive detector adopts a flat plate packaging structure consisting of 3 position sensitive detection units to form a detection area covering a transverse 2 pi detection solid angle vertical to the electronic couple element beam and a radial annihilation position parallel to the electronic couple element beam.
8. The method for locating the annihilation point of a normal electron dipole according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said position-sensitive detector adopts an annular columnar structure, and a detection area covering a 2 pi detection solid angle in the x-and y-axis directions and along the z-axis direction is formed.
9. The method of claim 2 wherein the annihilation site of a normal electron pair is 3 γ annihilation of said normal electron pair, further comprising:
3 gamma annihilation of normal electron binoculars occurs in a sample, and 3 gamma photons penetrate the sample and are detected by a position sensitive detector; the normal electronic couple is wrapped in the position sensitive detector;
at this time, the method further includes:
calculating the average time from generation to annihilation of each normal electron couple element
Figure FDA0003778615010000031
Figure FDA0003778615010000032
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure FDA0003778615010000033
respectively represents the distances from the annihilation point a to the incident positions S1, S2, and S3 of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3; wherein T1, T2, and T3 respectively represent the incidence times of 3 annihilation photons γ 1, γ 2, and γ 3; c represents the propagation speed of light;
the average time distribution of each normal electron couple from generation to annihilation is counted
Figure FDA0003778615010000034
And obtaining an annihilation life spectrum of the electronic couple.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the position sensitive detector has a hexahedral structure, and forms a detection region with a solid angle of 4 π detection.
CN202210923350.XA 2022-08-02 2022-08-02 Annihilation point positioning method of normal electron couple element Pending CN115153611A (en)

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