CN115151707A - 铪含量优化的超合金涡轮机部件 - Google Patents

铪含量优化的超合金涡轮机部件 Download PDF

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CN115151707A
CN115151707A CN202180013356.7A CN202180013356A CN115151707A CN 115151707 A CN115151707 A CN 115151707A CN 202180013356 A CN202180013356 A CN 202180013356A CN 115151707 A CN115151707 A CN 115151707A
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component
turbine
hafnium
superalloy
nickel
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J·德劳特瑞
C·P·奥迪克
S·哈玛迪
V·杰凯特
F·佩德拉扎迪亚兹
A·帕斯奎特
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
La Rochelle Universite
Safran SA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
La Rochelle Universite
Safran SA
SNECMA SAS
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    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种涡轮机部件(20)，所述部件(20)包含：镍基超合金基材(21)，以质量含量计，其包含5.0％至8.0％钴、6.5％至10％铬、0.5％至2.5％钼、5.0％至9.0％钨、6.0％至9.0％钽、4.5％至5.8％铝、质量含量为500ppm至1100ppm的铪，并任选地包含质量含量小于或等于1.5％的铌，以及任选地各自质量含量小于或等于100ppm的碳、锆和硼中的至少一种，其余部分由镍和不可避免的杂质组成。

Description

铪含量优化的超合金涡轮机部件
技术领域
本发明涉及镍基超合金领域，更精确地说涉及用于航空领域的超合金。
背景技术
众所周知，一方面镍基超合金即使在高温下也具有较高的机械强度，另一方面镍基超合金具有良好的抗氧化性。由于这两个特性，其是航空领域中使用的涡轮机部件的首选材料。
在已知的镍基超合金中，可以特别提及商品名为AM-1的合金，该合金对应于文件US 4639280中描述的组合物。
需要优化这些合金的抗氧化性。
发明内容
在这方面，发明人的功劳是已成功优化了涡轮机部件的组成，以获得改进的抗氧化性能。为此，发明人提供了一种涡轮机部件，所述部件包含：镍基超合金，以质量含量计，其包含5.0％至8.0％钴、6.5％至10％铬、0.5％至2.5％钼、5.0％至9.0％钨、6.0％至9.0％钽、4.5％至5.8％铝、质量含量为500ppm至1100ppm的铪，并任选地包含质量含量小于或等于1.5％的铌，以及任选地各自质量含量小于或等于100ppm的碳、锆和硼中的至少一种，其余部分由镍和不可避免的杂质组成。
本发明提供了一种涡轮机部件，其包含了组成与AM-1接近但铪含量优化的合金，以具有更好的抗氧化性。
发明人已观察到该部件具有特别高的抗氧化性。不希望受限于理论，发明人认为，当铪含量过低时，几乎不发生Hf氧化，并且氧化物HfO2并未起到将氧化物层锚定至超合金表面上的结构作用。类似地，如果铪含量过低，则铪不能充分阻挠阳离子向外扩散，阻止了氧化物保护层(例如，α-Al2O3)形成。对于高于1100ppm的铪含量，可能会形成过大的氧化铪HfO2，并且氧化物/金属界面的韧性可能降低，不利于氧化物的保护作用。
在一个实施方式中，基材中的铪质量含量可以为670ppm至780ppm。
发明人已发现，该铪含量使得能够提供具有最佳抗氧化性的部件。
此外，发明人已发现，铪含量优化的部件具有与由AM1制成的部件接近的良好机械性能，并且，因此可以用于与AM1相同的发动机部件应用。可以通过已适用于由AM1制成的部件的现有技术的成形工艺使本发明部件成形。具体来说，所建议的优化铪含量不会影响涡轮机部件的均化步骤的可行性，所述均化步骤可在由AM1制成的部件成形结束时进行。
在一个实施方式中，超合金可以限定部件的外表面。换言之，不需要用涂层覆盖部件以受益于由上述部件赋予的抗氧化性能。
在另一实施方式中，β-结构化镍铝化合物涂层可以存在于如上文所述的超合金表面上。因此，在一个实施方式中，涡轮机部件可以包含：
-由镍基超合金形成的基材，以及
-存在于基材上的β-结构化镍铝化物涂层。
应注意的是，通常β结构化镍铝化物涂层可以被或不被一种或多种元素改性，所述一种或多种元素为例如铂、锆或铪。因此，作为适用于本发明的β结构化镍铝化物涂层，可以具体由β结构化NiAl、β结构化NiPtAl、β结构化NiAlZr和β结构化NiAlHf制成。
在一个实施方式中，β结构化镍铝化物涂层是β结构化NiAl涂层或β结构化NiPtAl涂层。
β结构化镍铝化物涂层可以通过本领域已知的方法形成。例如，β结构化镍铝化物可以通过物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积、固体渗碳或经由浆料工艺进行形成。
在之前的实施方式中，根据本发明的涡轮机部件还可以包括存在于β结构化镍铝化物涂层上的热屏障。
该热屏障本身是已知的，并且可以保护涡轮机部件抵御其使用期间遇到的高温。
在一个实施方式中，热屏障可以与β结构化镍铝化物涂层接触的方式存在。
在一个实施方式中，超合金是单晶。单晶超合金允许铪以更大量更快地向表面迁移，因为铪不会被通常引入以使多晶合金晶界稳定的碳所捕获。这进一步改善了铪赋予的保护，从而提高了部件的抗氧化性。
在一个实施方式中，涡轮机部件可以是涡轮机叶片、涡轮机分配器(turbomachinedistributor)、涡轮机涡轮环、或涡轮机燃烧室。分配器可以是高压分配器或低压分配器。
在优选的实施方式中，涡轮机部件可以是涡轮机叶片或涡轮机高压分配器。
根据其另一方面，本发明还涉及包含如上所述的部件的涡轮机。
附图说明
[图1]图1示意性且部分显示了根据本发明一个实施方式的涡轮机部件的截面图。
[图2]图2示意性且部分显示了根据本发明另一个实施方式的涡轮机部件的截面图。
[图3]图3是显示根据本发明的部件和本发明之外的部件之间抗氧化性差异的对比测试结果。
具体实施方式
现在将借助于附图进行描述，其旨在更好地理解本发明，而不应以限制性的方式进行解释。
图1显示了本发明的第一实施方式，其中，涡轮机部件20仅由超合金21制成，而没有向其施加任意涂层。在该实施方式中，超合金形成了部件的外部部分。
图2对本发明的另一具体实施方式进行说明，其示意性显示了包含超合金基材21和覆盖下层超合金基材21的β结构化镍铝化物涂层22的涡轮机部件24。
在所示实施方式中，涡轮机部件24还包括与β结构化镍铝化物涂层22接触的热屏障23。热屏障23可以限定部件20的外表面。
在一个实施方式中，涂层22的厚度e1可以为40μm至90μm。
同样，热屏障23的厚度e2可以为50μm至300μm。
在一个实施方式中，热屏障可以选自用氧化钇或一种或多种其他稀土氧化物部分稳定的氧化锆、掺杂有镝的氧化锆、锆酸钆、钙钛矿。
在替代的实施方式中，可以不存在热屏障23。在该情况下，β结构化镍铝化物涂层22可以限定部件的外表面。
实施例
多个AM-1样品富集有340ppm至8000ppm的铪质量含量。因此，当铪水平为500ppm至1100ppm时生产了根据本发明的样品，并且生产了在本发明之外的其他样品。
样品仅改变其铪质量含量。
由此制备的样品的铪含量通过质谱进行测定。随后，各样品经受氧化循环，并且在前200次循环中每周测量各样品质量变化三次，然后每周测量两次。
在该实施例中，所测试的样品并未进行涂覆。换言之，经受氧化循环的样品表面由超合金制成。
氧化循环对应于非常快速地加热至氧化温度(1150℃±5℃)，在大气压力下在1150℃保持60分钟，最后用干燥空气强制冷却15分钟，以确保室温低于150℃±3℃。在观察到20mg/cm2的比质量损失时，停止测试。
图3显示了各样品获得的结果。图3中所示样品的铪质量含量为：曲线11a和11b为340ppm，曲线12a和12b为670ppm，曲线13a为780ppm，曲线16a和16b为1300ppm，曲线15a和15b为2100ppm，曲线14a和14b为4700ppm，并且曲线17a和17b为8000ppm。
结果用数字后跟随字母a表示的样品的组成与结果用相同数字后跟随字母b表示的样品的组成没有差异。
在图3中可见，铪重量含量为500ppm至1100ppm(12a、12b和13a)的样品也是质量损失最低的样品。因此，该优化的铪含量允许获得较好的抗氧化性。
术语“……至……”应理解为包括端值。

Claims (9)

1.一种涡轮机部件(20)，其包含：镍基超合金基材(21)，以质量含量计，其包含5.0％至8.0％钴、6.5％至10％铬、0.5％至2.5％钼、5.0％至9.0％钨、6.0％至9.0％钽、4.5％至5.8％铝、质量含量为500ppm至1100ppm的铪，并任选地包含质量含量小于或等于1.5％的铌，以及任选地各自质量含量小于或等于100ppm的碳、锆和硼中的至少一种，其余部分由镍和不可避免的杂质组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的涡轮机部件(20)，其中，超合金(21)中铪质量含量为670ppm至780ppm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的涡轮机部件(20)，其中，超合金(21)限定了部件的外表面。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的涡轮机部件(24)，所述涡轮机部件包含：
-由镍基超合金(21)形成的基材，以及
-存在于基材上的β-结构化镍铝化物涂层(22)。
5.如权利要求4所述的涡轮机部件(24)，其中，β结构化镍铝化物涂层(22)是β结构化NiAl涂层或β结构化NiPtAl涂层。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的涡轮机部件(24)，其中，热屏障(23)存在于β结构化镍铝化物涂层(22)上。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的涡轮机部件(20)，其中，超合金(21)是单晶。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的涡轮机部件(20)，其中，所述部件是涡轮机叶片、涡轮机分配器、涡轮机涡轮环或涡轮机燃烧室。
9.一种涡轮机，其包括如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的部件(20)。
CN202180013356.7A 2020-02-06 2021-02-02 铪含量优化的超合金涡轮机部件 Pending CN115151707A (zh)

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