CN115150011A - Multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method and a device, which belong to the technical field of wireless communication, and the method comprises the following steps: estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user; training the orientation of a secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed online; adjusting secondary user spectrum access data; and evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user, and using the evaluation result as an incentive of on-line training. The method aims at the problems that when a master user is in low-power emission and radiation energy is white noise like, the performance of a multi-antenna spectrum detection method of a secondary user is reduced, and the communication quality of the master user is affected.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method and device.
Background
The cognitive radio allows unauthorized secondary users to use idle authorized frequency bands intermittently in a spectrum access mode on the premise of not influencing normal communication of a primary user, and is a key technology for remarkably improving the utilization rate of a wireless spectrum in a wireless communication system. Therefore, the application and decision of spectrum sensing need to be able to correctly and quickly detect the spectrum holes of the authorized spectrum, so that the unauthorized secondary users can realize information transmission by using the spectrum holes, and meanwhile, the generation of friend system internal interference on the normal communication of the primary user is avoided.
Multi-antenna spectrum sensing methods under different scenes of spatial spectrum sensing have been proposed, such as absolute value of variance (CAV), hadamard (HDM) ratio Test, local Maximum Potential Invariance Test (LMPIT), and volume-based detection (VD), which mainly use statistical covariance information of spatial circular signals to construct corresponding Test statistics and can obtain good detection performance. However, in the method, the secondary user receives the space radiation energy of the primary user for estimation, the detection mode of the secondary user is mainly one-way passive interception, the spectrum occupation is carried out when the space radiation energy of the primary user cannot be detected, the secondary user cannot effectively identify the occupied spectrum of the primary user when the primary user is in low-power emission and the radiation energy is white noise-like, and once the secondary user emits, strong interference can be caused to the primary user to influence the communication of the primary user.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that in the related technology, when a primary user is in low-power emission and the radiation energy is white noise-like, a secondary user cannot effectively identify the occupied frequency spectrum of the primary user, once the secondary user emits, strong interference can be caused to the primary user, and communication of the primary user is influenced, the invention provides a multi-antenna frequency spectrum sensing and accessing method and a device, wherein the technical scheme comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect, a method for sensing and accessing a multi-antenna spectrum is provided, where the method includes:
estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user;
training the orientation of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed on line;
adjusting secondary user frequency spectrum access data;
and evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user, and using the evaluation result as an incentive of on-line training.
Wherein, estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user comprises:
detecting whether a transmitting signal exists in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction of a master user by using a receiving antenna;
determining a comparison relation of main user radiation energy in an airspace range according to a main user signal vector received by M receiving antennas of a secondary user at the moment k, and selecting an initial airspace direction accessed by a secondary user spectrum by taking the minimum value in the main user signal vector as the primary airspace direction;
calculating a standard covariance matrix and a complementary covariance matrix of the minimum value;
constructing energy test statistics of a secondary user spectrum access initial airspace direction;
calculating a decision threshold according to the false alarm probability agreed when the secondary user receives;
comparing the energy test statistic with a decision threshold;
and when the energy test statistic is larger than the decision threshold, determining that a master user exists in the coverage range of the mth receiving antenna at the moment k.
Wherein, the orientation when online training secondary user frequency spectrum inserts includes:
according to the judgment result of the multi-antenna radiation energy estimation of the secondary user, in the azimuth range with the minimum radiation energy, calculating a space distance vector between the secondary user and each primary user by utilizing longitude and latitude information of the secondary user and each primary user;
and determining the direction of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed according to the estimated multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user, the space distance vector and the error rate received by the current secondary user.
The adjusting of the secondary user spectrum access data comprises the following steps: and updating the frequency, time and direction of the spectrum access of the secondary user according to the direction of the spectrum access of the online training secondary user.
Wherein, evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user comprises: and evaluating the error rate of the information transmitted between the secondary users.
In a second aspect, a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:
the radiation energy estimation module is used for estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user;
the online training module is used for online training the orientation of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed;
the data adjusting module is used for adjusting secondary user spectrum access data;
and the communication quality module is used for evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user and taking the evaluation result as the incentive of online training.
In a third aspect, a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing apparatus is provided, the apparatus including: the system comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory, and the processor implements the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method according to any one of the first aspect by executing the instructions.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, where instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed on a processing component of a computer, the processing component is caused to execute the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method according to any one of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, a computer program product including instructions is provided, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method according to any one of the first aspect.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise:
aiming at the problems that when a primary user is in low-power emission and radiation energy is white noise like, the performance of a secondary user multi-antenna spectrum detection method is reduced, and the communication quality of the primary user is affected, the occupation condition of a primary user space spectrum is calculated by utilizing a secondary user multi-antenna radiation energy estimation value and primary user space longitude and latitude information, the frequency, time and direction of secondary user spectrum access are generated, the detection performance of secondary user space spectrum sensing is improved, the interference to the primary user is reduced, and meanwhile, the communication quality of the secondary user is enhanced; meanwhile, the detection probability of the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and access method provided by the invention is higher than that of the traditional method under any signal-to-noise ratio, and is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional method under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, namely the SNR belongs to (-17, -10) dB, and the detection probability of the radiation energy of the main user is improved by more than 0.25 particularly when the signal-to-noise ratio is-12 dB.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a detection probability of a secondary user multi-antenna energy estimation and a signal-to-noise ratio SNR according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another relationship between the detection probability of the secondary user multi-antenna energy estimation and the SNR of the signal-to-noise ratio according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method, which aims at solving the problem that the detection performance of a multi-antenna spectrum sensing method of a secondary user is reduced when a primary user is in low-power emission and the radiation energy is white noise-like, and the communication quality of the primary user is influenced.
The invention provides a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method. Referring to fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
and step 110, estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user.
And step 120, training the orientation of the secondary user during spectrum access on line.
And step 130, adjusting the spectrum access data of the secondary user.
Step 140, evaluating the secondary user communication quality, and using the evaluation result as the incentive of step 120.
Wherein, the step 110 of estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user specifically comprises:
detecting whether a transmitting signal exists in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction of a master user by using M receiving antennas
Wherein M =2 N N is a natural number and is greater than or equal to 2; m receiving antennas cover the full space and are independent of each other, theta Hm For the mth receive antenna horizontal angular range,
θ Pm m is a pitch angle range of the mth receiving antenna, and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M.
Receiving signal vector by mth receiving antenna of sub-user at k time
Represented by the following binary hypothesis model:
wherein H 0 H represents that the secondary user does not detect the primary user in the coverage range of the mth receiving antenna at the k moment 1 The method comprises the steps that a secondary user is represented that at least one primary user exists in the coverage range of the mth receiving antenna at the k moment; h represents a channel gain coefficient matrix between d primary users and secondary users in the coverage range of the mth receiving antenna, wherein each element of the channel matrix obeys an independent complex Gaussian cyclic symmetry random variable with zero mean unit variance;
non-circular signal vectors transmitted in the direction of the m-th receiving antenna for d primary users, where x i (k,θ Hm ,θ Pm ) I = 1.. D is a zero-mean non-circular signal transmitted by the i-th primary user in the direction of the m-th receiving antenna.
According to the primary user signal vector received by M receiving antennas of the secondary user at the moment k,
to pair
Sorting the sizes to obtain the comparison relation of the radiation energies of the main users in the airspace range and using the signal vector of the main user
Minimum value of
Initial spatial direction selection for spectrum access of secondary users, i.e. selection of primary signal vector minimum
Transmitting a corresponding receiving antenna serial number Q, wherein Q is a determined value; the range of the airspace covering in the horizontal direction is theta HQ The range of pitch direction is theta PQ 。
Calculating out
Standard covariance matrix of
Sum-complementary covariance matrix
Wherein K is the airspace range (horizontal range theta) of the secondary user HQ Pitch range θ PQ ) Total number of samples received internally. Superscript symbol (·) H And (·) T Conjugate transpose and transpose are indicated, respectively. Extracting a standard covariance matrix
The diagonal elements constitute a diagonal matrix D. Standard covariance matrix for samples
Sum complementary covariance momentsMatrix of
The following operation is performed to eliminate the unequal noise variance:
energy test statistic T for constructing spectrum access initial airspace direction of secondary user R ；
Wherein, T = M 2 ，z t Is a sequence of
The t-th element of (1), sequence
Consists of the following elements:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
representation matrix
The (m, n) -th element of (a);
representation matrix
The (m, n) th element of (a);
is a sequence of
The sample mean of (1).
According to the false alarm probability p agreed upon by the secondary user in receiving f Calculating a decision threshold lambda R : namely that
Wherein, L =2M 2 -2，
Tail probability representing L chi-square distribution of degree of freedom
The inverse function of (c).
Test energy statistic T R And a decision threshold lambda R And (3) comparison: if the energy test statistic T R Is greater than the decision threshold lambda R Determining that a master user exists in the mth receiving antenna coverage area at the k moment, and outputting the radiation energy value of the master user at the k moment and a corresponding azimuth information range, namely
Otherwise, no main user exists.
Wherein,
the online training of the orientation of the spectrum access of the secondary user in step 120 includes:
according to the judgment result of the multi-antenna radiation energy estimation of the secondary user, in the azimuth range with the minimum radiation energy, calculating a spatial distance vector between the secondary user and each primary user by utilizing longitude and latitude information of the secondary user and each primary user;
and determining the orientation of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed according to the secondary user multi-antenna radiation energy estimated in the step 110, the space distance vector and the error rate received by the current secondary user. In addition, the occupation condition of the space spectrum of the main user can be obtained.
Step 120 specifically comprises: according to the judgment result of the multi-antenna radiation energy estimation of the secondary user
In the azimuth range (horizontal range theta) where the radiation energy is minimum HO Pitch range θ PO ) Computing space distance vector between secondary user and each primary user by utilizing longitude and latitude information of the secondary user and each primary user
The number of primary users in the smallest azimuth range is assumed to be t. According to the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user estimated in the step 110, the space distance vector and the bit error rate f received by the current secondary user e Three variables are used for determining the orientation of the secondary user spectrum access, namely
The adjusting the spectrum access data of the secondary user in step 130 specifically includes: and updating the frequency, time and direction of the spectrum access of the secondary user according to the direction of the spectrum access of the online training secondary user. Here, the update means that the data at the previous time is the data at the current time.
The evaluation of the secondary user communication quality in step 140, and the taking of the evaluation result as the incentive in step 120 specifically includes: and evaluating the error rate of the information transferred between the secondary users, and using the evaluated error rate as the incentive of the direction when the online training secondary user spectrum is accessed in step 120.
The process of evaluating the error rate of the information transmitted between the secondary users may refer to the related art, and is not described herein again.
It should be noted that, the secondary user communication quality may be evaluated through other parameters capable of reflecting the secondary user communication quality besides the error rate, which is not limited in this application.
The beneficial effect of this application lies in at least: aiming at the problems that when a primary user is in low-power emission and radiation energy is white noise like, the performance of a secondary user multi-antenna spectrum detection method is reduced, and the communication quality of the primary user is affected, the occupation condition of a primary user space spectrum is calculated by utilizing a secondary user multi-antenna radiation energy estimation value and primary user space longitude and latitude information, the frequency, time and direction of secondary user spectrum access are generated, the detection performance of secondary user space spectrum sensing is improved, the interference to the primary user is reduced, and meanwhile, the communication quality of the secondary user is enhanced; meanwhile, the detection probability of the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and access method provided by the invention is higher than that of the traditional method under any signal-to-noise ratio, and is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional method under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, namely the SNR belongs to (-17, -10) dB, and the detection probability of the radiation energy of the main user is improved by more than 0.25 particularly when the signal-to-noise ratio is-12 dB.
In order to illustrate the effect of the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method provided by the invention, simulation is carried out in the application, and in a simulation diagram, a main user signal
For BPSK signal vectors, the channel matrix H is subject to an independent circularly symmetric complex gaussian distribution of zero mean unit variance for each element, and, in addition, the noise variance for each receive antenna
Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR) is defined as
Where tr (-) denotes the trace of the matrix, R x A standard covariance matrix representing the primary user signal vector. The simulation curves shown in fig. 2 and 3 have a false alarm probability of P f Where =0.05 is plotted by a monte carlo number of 100000.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of detection performances of the method, absolute variance (CAV), hadamard (HDM) ratio test, local Maximum Potential Invariance Test (LMPIT), volume-based detection (VD), and non-circular local mean square error (NC-LAV) method, when system parameters are M =4 and K = 300;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of detection performances of the method, absolute variance (CAV), hadamard (HDM) ratio test, local Maximum Potential Invariance Test (LMPIT), volume-based detection (VD), and non-circular local mean square error (NC-LAV) method, when system parameters are M =8 and K = 400.
As can be seen from FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the detection probability of the method of the present application is higher than that of the conventional method at any SNR, and is greatly improved compared with that of the conventional method at low SNR, i.e., SNR is equal to (-17, -10) dB, and especially, the detection probability of the radiation energy of the primary user is improved to more than 0.25 at SNR of-12 dB.
The present application further provides a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing apparatus, configured to execute the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method shown in fig. 1, where the apparatus includes:
the radiation energy estimation module is used for estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user;
the online training module is used for online training the orientation of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed;
the data adjusting module is used for adjusting the frequency spectrum access data of the secondary users;
and the communication quality module is used for evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user and taking the evaluation result as the incentive of online training.
The application also provides a multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing device, the device includes: comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory, and the processor implements the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method shown in fig. 1 by executing the instructions.
The present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed on a processing component of a computer, the processing component is caused to execute the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method shown in fig. 1.
The present application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method shown in fig. 1.
The foregoing merely represents embodiments of the present application, which are described in greater detail and detail, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
estimating the multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user;
training the orientation of a secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed online;
adjusting secondary user frequency spectrum access data;
and evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user, and using the evaluation result as an incentive for online training.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating the secondary-user multi-antenna radiated energy comprises:
detecting whether a transmitting signal exists in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction of a master user by using a receiving antenna;
determining a comparison relation of main user radiation energy in an airspace range according to a main user signal vector received by M receiving antennas of a secondary user at the moment k, and selecting an initial airspace direction accessed by a secondary user spectrum by taking the minimum value in the main user signal vector as the primary airspace direction;
calculating a standard covariance matrix and a complementary covariance matrix of the minimum value;
constructing energy test statistics of a secondary user spectrum access initial airspace direction;
calculating a decision threshold according to the false alarm probability agreed when the secondary user receives;
comparing the energy test statistic with a decision threshold;
and when the energy test statistic is larger than the decision threshold, determining that a master user exists in the coverage range of the mth receiving antenna at the moment k.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the online training of the orientation of the secondary user in spectrum access comprises:
according to the judgment result of the multi-antenna radiation energy estimation of the secondary user, in the azimuth range with the minimum radiation energy, calculating a space distance vector between the secondary user and each primary user by utilizing longitude and latitude information of the secondary user and each primary user;
and determining the direction of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed according to the estimated multi-antenna radiation energy of the secondary user, the space distance vector and the error rate received by the current secondary user.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the secondary user spectrum access data comprises:
and updating the frequency, time and direction of the spectrum access of the secondary user according to the direction of the spectrum access of the online training secondary user.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said assessing secondary user communication quality comprises:
and evaluating the error rate of the information transmitted between the secondary users.
6. A multi-antenna spectrum sensing and access apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the radiation energy estimation module is used for estimating multi-antenna radiation energy of a secondary user;
the online training module is used for online training the orientation of the secondary user when the frequency spectrum is accessed;
the data adjusting module is used for adjusting secondary user spectrum access data;
and the communication quality module is used for evaluating the communication quality of the secondary user and taking the evaluation result as the incentive of online training.
7. A multi-antenna spectrum sensing and access apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a processor and a memory, the processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory, the processor implementing the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and access method of any of claims 1 to 5 by executing the instructions.
8. A computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed on a processing component of a computer, cause the processing component to perform the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and accessing method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
9. A computer program product comprising instructions for causing a computer to perform the multi-antenna spectrum sensing and access method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when the computer program product is run on the computer.
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