CN115149844A - MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator and preparation and working methods thereof - Google Patents
MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator and preparation and working methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, a preparation method and a working method. The generator main body comprises a bottom electrode, a second nano composite film, a resonance sheet, a first nano composite film and a top electrode from bottom to top, the upper generator and the lower generator share the resonance sheet, the first composite film and the second composite film are a composite of piezoelectric polymer and two-dimensional material MXene, and alpha-phase-to-beta-phase transformation is induced by utilizing the hydrogen bond action between the MXene surface and functional groups in a piezoelectric polymer molecular chain in the process of casting and curing PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), so that the piezoelectric coefficient d of the composite film is improved 33 . Meanwhile, MXene can increase the dielectric constant epsilon of the composite material 33 . Piezoelectric coefficient d 33 The increase of (a) will increase the piezoelectric transduction efficiency, and the dielectric constant epsilon 33 Will promote triboelectric energy conversionAnd (4) rate. The invention fully utilizes the energy of friction and extrusion motion of the resonant chip and the upper and lower surfaces, and improves the energy collection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nano materials and micro-nano energy, relates to a film forming technology, and particularly relates to an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, a preparation method and a working method.
Background
The traditional power supply mode is that a power plant utilizes high-density, orderly and high-quality low-entropy energy, such as coal and petroleum, to burn and drive a heat engine to generate electric energy which is sent to fixed places such as factories and schools. Due to the appearance of the internet of things and the popularization of mobile communication, the object sensors are widely distributed and can move at any time. Although the power required to operate each sensor is small, typically in the micro-watt to watt range, the number is large, which makes the energy requirements of small devices a distributed, chaotic, wireless, high entropy energy source. Aiming at the change of energy demand form, how to effectively obtain the energy is an urgent subject.
A piezoelectric-triboelectric nano generator is a device which converts a plurality of distributed high-entropy energy sources in the environment, such as wind energy, human motion energy, vibration energy and other low-frequency energy into electric energy by utilizing a piezoelectric effect and a triboelectric effect, and further effectively collects and utilizes any available energy in the environment.
Piezoelectric-triboelectric nanogenerators, whose application depends largely on their output power, act as energy harvesting devices. For the piezoelectric effect, the surface charge density is proportional to the piezoelectric coefficient; for the triboelectric effect, the power density is quadratic with the surface triboelectric charge density.
PVDF is a semi-crystalline polymer, consisting of CH 2 ＝CF 2 Monomers are polymerized to have five crystalline phases (α, β, γ, δ and ε) in different lattice types and chain conformations. For the beta phase of PVDF, due to-CF 2 Arranged on the same side of the molecular chain-CH 2 Arranged on the other side, and thus having the greatest polarity and the greatest piezoelectricity, the piezoelectric coefficient d 33 About 29pC/N. However, the PVDF is on the market mostly in the alpha phase, which is-CF 2 and-CH 2 Arranged alternately on both sides of the molecular chain and thus having no piezoelectric properties. To obtain a higher proportion of beta phase in PVDF, various strategies have been employed, such as in situ polarization, thermal stretching, and high electric fields. However, these processes certainly increase energy consumption and cost.
MXenes is a transition metal carbide two-dimensional nano material with a graphene-like structure. In general, MXenes have the formula M n+1 X n T x (n = 1-4), wherein M represents an early transition metal (Ti, V, nb, etc.), X represents carbon or nitrogen, T x Represent different surface terminal groups (-OH, = O, -F, etc.). The MXene nano-sheet has hydroxyl or terminal oxygen on the surface, so the MXene nano-sheet has metal conductivity of transition metal carbide, and has the remarkable advantages of larger specific surface area and good mechanical strength in the aspect of enhancing electrochemical performance, and the transport of electrons and ions is promoted in the charge/discharge process without damaging the structure.
Enhancement of piezoelectric coefficient (d) of polymer film by MXene induction 33 ) And dielectric constant (. Epsilon.) 33 ) The output performance of the piezoelectric-triboelectric nano generator can be further improved, and the application range of the piezoelectric-triboelectric nano generator is expanded. Since this process is spontaneous, no additional energy and cumbersome process are required. The method for designing the polymer material structure from the microscopic level is simple to operate, low in cost and high in practicability, improves the application prospect of the piezoelectric-friction nano generator, enlarges the application range and provides a new research direction for the optimization of the piezoelectric-friction nano generator.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for enhancing the transduction efficiency of a wind energy generator using MXene material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator comprises a main body generator,
the main generator comprises a bottom electrode 6), a second nano composite film 5, a resonance sheet 4, a first nano composite film 2 and a top electrode 1 from bottom to top, the bottom electrode 6, the second nano composite film 5 and the resonance sheet 4 form a lower generator, the resonance sheet 4, the first nano composite film 2 and the top electrode 1 form an upper generator, and the upper generator and the lower generator share the resonance sheet 4; the upper, lower, front and rear sides of the main generator are sealed by a transparent shell 3, and the openings on the left and right sides of the main generator are respectively an air inlet 10 and an air outlet 11; the direction from the air inlet to the air outlet is the air flow direction;
the resonant chip 4 is a sandwich flexible structure formed by aluminum foil, soft insulating plastic sheets and the aluminum foil, and the soft insulating plastic sheets enable charge transfer of an upper generator and a lower generator not to interfere with each other; one end of the resonant chip 4 close to the air inlet is fixed on the transparent shell, and the other end swings freely;
the second nano composite film 5 on the upper surface of the bottom electrode 6 and the first nano composite film 2 on the lower surface of the top electrode 1 are made of the same material;
the first nano composite film 2 and the second nano composite film 5 are a composite of piezoelectric polymer and two-dimensional material MXene, and in the process of curing the composite, the transformation of alpha-phase piezoelectric polymer to beta-phase is induced by virtue of the hydrogen bond action between functional groups on the surface of the MXene and the piezoelectric polymer, so that the piezoelectric coefficient d of the piezoelectric polymer is improved 33 Piezoelectric coefficient d 33 The increase of the piezoelectric transducer will improve the piezoelectric transduction efficiency; the introduction of MXene can improve the dielectric constant epsilon of the nano composite film 33 Dielectric constant ε 33 The increase of the friction electricity conversion efficiency is improved;
the wind current enters the wind power generator to cause the resonance piece to vibrate, two processes of approaching and extruding are carried out between the resonance piece and the two nano composite films, the process of approaching causes triboelectric output, the process of extruding causes piezoelectric output, and the piezoelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films is consistent with the direction of the frictional electric polarity of the nano composite films, so that output signals are positively superposed in an external circuit, and the energy collection of the two processes of approaching and extruding is realized.
Preferably, the MXene material is Ti 3 C 2 、Ti 2 C、Nb 2 C、Nb 4 C 3 、V 2 C、V 4 C 3 One of the MXene materials.
Preferably, the device comprises a rudder generator 8 fixed on the upper surface of a main generator;
the main generator rotates by 90 degrees around the wind flow direction and is reduced to obtain a rudder generator 8, and the gravity center of the rudder generator 8 is positioned at one end close to the air outlet 11; the center of gravity of the rudder generator 8 is located on the central axis of the main generator parallel to the direction of the wind flow.
Preferably, the two-dimensional material MXene of the first nanocomposite film 2 and of the second nanocomposite film 5 is prepared by:
(1.1) taking 6-10mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, adding 2-7wt% LiF, and stirring for 5-15min to obtain HF solution;
(1.2) addition of 2-6wt% of Ti 3 AlC 2 Stirring for 20-30h at 30-40 deg.C in water bath to obtain mixed solution;
(1.3) centrifuging the mixed solution at 3000-5000rpm for 2-5 min/time, and repeating for 5-6 times;
(1.4) filtering by using filter paper with the filtering hole smaller than 0.45 mu m, and drying for 12-24h under the vacuum condition at 35-45 ℃ to obtain the two-dimensional material MXene.
As a preferable mode, the composite film of the piezoelectric polymer and the two-dimensional material MXene of the first nanocomposite film 2 and the second nanocomposite film 5 is prepared by:
(1.5) dissolving MXene powder in a mixed solution of acetone and N, N-dimethylformamide with the volume ratio of 2;
(1.6) adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) particles which account for 5-20wt% of the solution, magnetically stirring for 1-3h under the condition of water bath at 40-60 ℃ to completely dissolve the PVDF particles, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min to obtain a uniform and stable mixed solution; the mass ratio of MXene to PVDF is 1;
(1.7) uniformly spreading the mixed solution on a glass substrate;
(1.8) carrying out corona polarization, heating at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ and drying for 0.5-5h, wherein the field intensity is 8 kV/cm;
(1.9) removing the dried film to obtain a first nano composite film 2 and a second nano composite film 5.
Preferably, the piezoelectric polymer of the polymer film material is one selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytrifluoroethylene (PTrFE), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene P (VDF-TrFE), and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene P (VDF-HFP).
Preferably, the material of the top electrode and the bottom electrode is copper, aluminum or silver metal.
Preferably, the bottom of the main generator is supported by a support tray 9.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, which comprises the following steps:
(1.1) taking four rectangular transparent shell plates, wherein the four transparent shell plates are rigid plates;
(1.2) printing aluminum, silver or copper electrodes on one surface of the two transparent shell plates to be used as a top electrode and a bottom electrode;
(1.3) placing the second nano composite film on the bottom electrode, placing the first nano composite film on the top electrode, and packaging the film and the electrode by using an adhesive tape;
(1.4) oppositely and separately placing the bottom electrode and the top electrode, so that the bottom electrode faces the top electrode, and bonding the four rectangular transparent shell plates along the long edges to form a hollow cuboid structure;
(1.5) fixing the resonance sheet between the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate through a supporting device, wherein the resonance sheet is fixed on one side close to the air inlet, and the other three sides can move freely;
(1.6) a rudder generator is arranged on the central axis of the top of the cuboid at one side close to the air outlet in a manner of being vertical to a generator below;
(1.7) the whole generator is fixed on the turntable, and the position of the rotating shaft is the geometric center of the cuboid, so that the projection of the gravity center of the whole generator falls in the supporting surface.
The invention also provides a working method of the MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, which comprises the following steps:
after wind enters the generator from the air inlet, two processes of approaching and extruding are carried out between the resonance sheet and the upper and lower nano composite films, triboelectric output is caused in the approaching process, piezoelectric output is caused in the extruding process, the piezoelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films is consistent with the triboelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films, so that output signals are superposed in the positive direction in an external circuit, and energy collection in the two processes of approaching and extruding is realized;
when the wind flow direction is not vertical to the wind inlet, the wind flow blows to the rudder generator 8 to generate a torque which drives the rudder generator 8 and the main generator to rotate, so that the rudder generator 8 and the main generator rotate until the wind inlet is rotated to the direction of the maximum wind speed, namely the wind inlet of the rudder generator 8 and the main generator is vertical to the wind flow direction, and the piezoelectric and triboelectric bimodal energy collection reaches the maximum efficiency;
even if wind blows from the direction opposite to the air outlet, the resonance sheet in the generator serving as the rudder can move in the horizontal direction, so that the interior of the rudder is asymmetric, the two sides of the resonance sheet are stressed unevenly, and the large torque makes the generator realize 180-degree steering because the rudder is arranged at the tail part of the main body device close to the air outlet.
The nano composite film provided by the invention has the function of improving the output performance in pressing, rotating, sliding, spaced, single-electrode and double-electrode nano generators.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
by introducing MXene nanosheets, local dipole moments of the piezoelectric polymer composite material are guided, and the content of a high-piezoelectric performance phase (beta phase) in the piezoelectric polymer is increased. As the surface of the MXene nano-sheet has enough functional groups such as oxy (= O), hydroxyl (-OH) and fluoro (-F), the MXene nano-sheet is doped with the MXene nano-sheetIn polymers favoring-CH in piezoelectric polymer molecules 2 and-CF 2 The functional groups on the surface of MXene produce dipole-dipole forces (hydrogen bonding) that enhance the net spontaneous polarization of the polymer composite produced (fig. 5).
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the introduction of a proper amount of MXene can enhance the piezoelectric coefficient (d) 33 ) And effective dielectric constant (. Epsilon.) 33 ). While continued increases in dosage result in stacking of MXene nanosheets and suppression of orientation and alignment of polymer chains. Meanwhile, the stacked MXene sheets can lead the upper surface and the lower surface of the film to be conducted to generate leakage current, thereby reducing the effective dielectric constant (epsilon) of the composite material 33 ) And piezoelectric coefficient (d) 33 )。
For the piezoelectric effect, the surface charge density is proportional to the piezoelectric coefficient, as shown in equation (1):
Q＝d 33 ×F (1)
wherein Q is the induced charge quantity of the surface of the film; d 33 Is the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric film; f is the force perpendicular to the film surface. As can be seen from the formula (1), other conditions are constant when the piezoelectric coefficient d 33 When raised, the piezoelectric output charge amount increases.
For triboelectric output, the output voltage between the polymer films is shown in equation (2):
where Q is the amount of charge transferred between the two electrodes driven by the induced potential, S is the effective area, ε 0 Is the vacuum dielectric constant, and σ is the surface charge density of the polymer film. x is the plate separation distance, which is a function of time t.
d 0 Is the effective dielectric thickness, defined as the total dielectric thickness d between two metal electrodes i Divided by its relative effective thickness epsilon ri The sum of (a) and (b) is as follows:
as can be seen from the formula (3), under certain other conditions, after a proper amount of MXene is introduced, the dielectric constant epsilon of the composite film is r And the triboelectric output voltage V is increased.
In summary, after introducing MXene in a proper amount, the piezoelectricity (d) of the composite film 33 ) With triboelectricity (ε) 33 ) The output performance will be greatly improved (fig. 8).
The overall appearance design of the device has the following advantages: when the wind flow direction is not perpendicular to the wind inlet, when the wind flow blows to the rudder generator 8, a torque which drives the rudder generator 8 and the main generator to rotate is generated, the rudder generator 8 and the main generator rotate until the wind inlet is rotated to the direction of the maximum wind speed, namely the wind inlet of the rudder generator 8 and the main generator is perpendicular to the wind flow direction, and therefore the piezoelectric and triboelectric bimodal energy collection can achieve the maximum efficiency. Even if wind blows from the direction opposite to the air outlet, the resonance sheet in the generator serving as the rudder can move in the horizontal direction, so that the interior of the rudder is asymmetric, the two sides of the resonance sheet are stressed unevenly, and the generator can realize 180-degree steering due to huge torque because the rudder is arranged at the tail part of the main body device close to the air outlet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator and a method for enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of the wind energy generator by utilizing the MXene interface coupling, the method is simple to operate, high in practicability, low in cost, strong in machinability and high in reliability, and a new development direction is provided for optimization of a piezoelectric-friction nano generator. Compared with the prior optimization work of the friction nano generator, the invention improves the microstructure of the piezoelectric-friction layer material from the microscopic level and enhances the piezoelectric and frictional electrical properties of the polymer film through MXene induction. Since this process is spontaneous, no additional energy and cumbersome process are required. The method for designing the polymer material structure from the microscopic level is simple to operate, low in cost and high in practicability, improves the application prospect of the piezoelectric-friction nano generator, enlarges the application range and provides a new research direction for the optimization of the piezoelectric-friction nano generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind energy generator of the present invention; wherein (a) is a schematic overall structure, (b) is a top view, (c) is a bottom view with the base removed, and (d) is a side view;
1 is a top electrode; 2 is a first nanocomposite film; 3 is a transparent shell; 4 is a resonant chip; 5 is a second nanocomposite film: 6 is a bottom electrode: 7 is a base; 8 is a rudder generator; 9 is a supporting tray; 10 is an air inlet, and 11 is an air outlet.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the generator of the present invention; wherein (a) a 3D schematic of a generator structure, (b) a generator cross-section schematic;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement process of the nano-generator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the direction of electron flow during a duty cycle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of MXene induced PVDF orientation in a generator composite film;
FIG. 6 is a representation of MXene-induced PVDF orientation observed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM): a topographic image, (b) a height profile, (c) a potential profile, and (d) a potential image;
FIG. 7 shows the experimental results of the piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant of the composite thin film and the phase field simulation results; (a) The piezoelectric coefficient d is measured by experiment 33 (b) measurement of dielectric constant ε 33 And (c) phase field simulation of d 33 And ε 33 ；
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the output capability of films before and after MXene doping modification; voltage (a) and current (b).
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a representation of MXene-induced PVDF orientation observed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), and the appearance of a beta phase at the interface between PVDF and MXene can be directly seen by using KPFM. The middle particle is MXene and the periphery is PVDF. PVDF (alpha phase) far away from MXene and PVDF (beta phase) near MXene are different in potential. This is a characterization method that can directly observe MXene-induced PVDF.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, which comprises a main body generator,
the main generator comprises a bottom electrode 6, a second nano composite film 5, a resonance sheet 4, a first nano composite film 2 and a top electrode 1 from bottom to top, the bottom electrode 6, the second nano composite film 5 and the resonance sheet 4 form a generator, the resonance sheet 4, the first nano composite film 2 and the top electrode 1 form an upper generator, and the upper generator and the lower generator share the resonance sheet 4; the upper, lower, front and rear sides of the main generator are sealed by a transparent shell 3, and the openings on the left and right sides of the main generator are respectively an air inlet 10 and an air outlet 11; the direction from the air inlet to the air outlet is the air flow direction;
the resonant chip 4 is a sandwich flexible structure formed by aluminum foil, soft insulating plastic sheets and the aluminum foil, and the soft insulating plastic sheets enable charge transfer of an upper generator and a lower generator not to interfere with each other; one end of the resonance sheet 4 close to the air inlet is fixed on the transparent shell, and the other end swings freely;
the second nano composite film 5 on the upper surface of the bottom electrode 6 and the first nano composite film 2 on the lower surface of the top electrode 1 are made of the same material;
the first nano composite film 2 and the second nano composite film 5 are a composite of piezoelectric polymer and two-dimensional material MXene, and in the process of curing the composite, the conversion of alpha-phase piezoelectric polymer to beta-phase is induced by means of the hydrogen bond action between functional groups on the surface of MXene and the piezoelectric polymer, so that the piezoelectric coefficient d of the piezoelectric polymer is improved 33 Piezoelectric coefficient d 33 The increase of the piezoelectric transducer will improve the piezoelectric transduction efficiency; the introduction of MXene can improve the dielectric constant epsilon of the nano composite film 33 Dielectric constant ε 33 Will improve the triboelectric transduction efficiency；
The wind current enters the wind power generator to cause the resonance piece to vibrate, two processes of approaching and extruding are carried out between the resonance piece and the two nano composite films, the process of approaching causes triboelectric output, the process of extruding causes piezoelectric output, and the piezoelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films is consistent with the direction of the frictional electric polarity of the nano composite films, so that output signals are positively superposed in an external circuit, and the energy collection of the two processes of approaching and extruding is realized.
MXene material is Ti 3 C 2 、Ti 2 C、Nb 2 C、Nb 4 C 3 、V 2 C、V 4 C 3 One of the MXene materials.
Comprises a rudder generator 8 fixed on the upper surface of a main generator;
the main generator rotates for 90 degrees around the wind flow direction and is reduced to obtain a rudder generator 8, and the gravity center of the rudder generator 8 is positioned at one end close to the air outlet 11; the centre of gravity of the rudder generator 8 is located on the central axis of the main generator parallel to the direction of the wind flow.
The piezoelectric polymer of the polymer film material is selected from one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytrifluoroethylene (PTrFE), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene P (VDF-TrFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene P (VDF-HFP).
The material of the top electrode and the bottom electrode is copper, or aluminum, or silver metal.
The bottom of the main generator is supported by a support tray 9.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: after wind enters the generator from the air inlet, two processes of approaching and extruding are carried out between the resonant chip and the upper and lower nano composite films, triboelectric output is caused in the approaching process, piezoelectric output is caused in the extruding process, the piezoelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films is consistent with the friction electric polarity direction of the nano composite films, so that output signals are superposed in a positive direction in an external circuit, and energy collection in the two processes of approaching and extruding is realized;
when the wind flow direction is not vertical to the wind inlet, the wind flow blows to the rudder generator 8 to generate a torque which drives the rudder generator 8 and the main generator to rotate, so that the rudder generator 8 and the main generator rotate until the wind inlet is rotated to the direction of the maximum wind speed, namely the wind inlet of the rudder generator 8 and the main generator is vertical to the wind flow direction, and the piezoelectric and triboelectric bimodal energy collection reaches the maximum efficiency;
even if wind blows from the direction opposite to the air outlet, the resonance sheet in the generator serving as the rudder can move in the horizontal direction, so that the interior of the rudder is asymmetric, the two sides of the resonance sheet are stressed unevenly, and the generator can realize 180-degree steering due to huge torque because the rudder is arranged at the tail part of the main body device close to the air outlet.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the two-dimensional material MXene of the first nanocomposite film 2 and of the second nanocomposite film 5 is prepared by:
(1.1) taking 6-10mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, adding 2-7wt% LiF, and stirring for 5-15min to obtain HF solution;
(1.2) addition of 2-6wt% of Ti 3 AlC 2 Stirring for 20-30h under the condition of water bath at 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
(1.3) centrifuging the mixed solution at 3000-5000rpm for 2-5 min/time, and repeating for 5-6 times;
(1.4) filtering by using filter paper with the filtering hole smaller than 0.45 mu m, and drying for 12-24h under the vacuum condition at 35-45 ℃ to obtain the two-dimensional material MXene.
The composite film of piezoelectric polymer and two-dimensional material MXene of the first nanocomposite film 2 and the second nanocomposite film 5 is prepared by the following steps:
(1.5) dissolving MXene powder in a mixed solution of acetone and N, N-dimethylformamide with the volume ratio of 2;
(1.6) adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) particles which account for 5-20wt% of the solution, magnetically stirring for 1-3h under the condition of water bath at 40-60 ℃ to completely dissolve the PVDF particles, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min to obtain a uniform and stable mixed solution; the mass ratio of MXene to PVDF is 1;
(1.7) uniformly spreading the mixed solution on a glass substrate;
(1.8) carrying out corona polarization, heating at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ and drying for 0.5-5h, wherein the field intensity is 8 kV/cm;
(1.9) removing the dried film to obtain a first nano composite film 2 and a second nano composite film 5.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, which comprises the following steps:
(1.1) taking four rectangular transparent shell plates, wherein the four transparent shell plates are rigid plates;
(1.2) printing aluminum, silver or copper electrodes on one surface of the two transparent shell plates to be used as a top electrode and a bottom electrode;
(1.3) placing the second nano composite film on the bottom electrode, placing the first nano composite film on the top electrode, and packaging the film and the electrode by using an adhesive tape;
(1.4) oppositely and separately placing the bottom electrode and the top electrode, so that the bottom electrode faces the top electrode, and bonding the four rectangular transparent shell plates along the long edges to form a hollow cuboid structure;
(1.5) fixing a resonance sheet between the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate through a supporting device, wherein the fixed resonance sheet is close to one side of the air inlet, and the other three sides can freely move;
(1.6) a rudder generator is arranged on the central axis of the top of the cuboid on one side close to the air outlet and is arranged in a mode vertical to the generator below;
(1.7) the whole generator is fixed on the turntable, and the position of the rotating shaft is the geometric center of the cuboid, so that the projection of the gravity center of the whole generator falls in the supporting surface.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the first nanocomposite film 2 and the second nanocomposite film 5 are prepared by:
(1) Adding 5wt% LiF into 9mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and stirring for 10min to obtain HF solution;
(2) Adding 3wt% of Ti 3 AlC 2 Stirring for 24 hours under the condition of 35 ℃ water bath to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) Centrifuging the mixed solution at 5000rpm, 3min/time, and repeating for 5 times;
(4) Filtering with filter paper with the filtering hole smaller than 0.45 mu m, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃ under the vacuum condition to obtain a two-dimensional material MXene;
(5) Dissolving MXene powder in a mixed solution of acetone and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) with the volume ratio of 2;
(6) Adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) particles accounting for 5-20wt% of the solution, magnetically stirring for 1-3h under the condition of water bath at 40-60 ℃ to completely dissolve the PVDF particles, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a uniform and stable mixed solution. The mass ratio of MXene to PVDF is 1;
(7) Uniformly spreading the mixed solution on a glass substrate of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
(8) Corona polarization, field intensity of 8kV/cm, heating and drying at 30-60 deg.C for 0.5-5h, and curing at higher temperature.
(9) And uncovering the dried film to obtain the MXene/PVDF film.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An MXene interface coupling enhancement formula wind energy generator which characterized in that: comprises a main body generator and a power supply unit,
the main generator comprises a bottom electrode (6), a second nano composite film (5), a resonance sheet (4), a first nano composite film (2) and a top electrode (1) from bottom to top, wherein the bottom electrode (6), the second nano composite film (5) and the resonance sheet (4) form a lower generator, the resonance sheet (4), the first nano composite film (2) and the top electrode (1) form an upper generator, and the upper generator and the lower generator share the resonance sheet (4); the upper side, the lower side, the front side and the rear side of the main generator are sealed by a transparent shell (3), and the openings on the left side and the right side of the main generator are respectively an air inlet (10) and an air outlet (11); the direction from the air inlet to the air outlet is the air flow direction;
the resonance sheet (4) is a sandwich flexible structure formed by an aluminum foil, a soft insulating plastic sheet and the aluminum foil, and the soft insulating plastic sheet enables the charge transfer of the upper generator and the lower generator not to interfere with each other; one end of the resonant chip (4) close to the air inlet is fixed on the transparent shell, and the other end swings freely;
the second nano composite film (5) on the upper surface of the bottom electrode (6) and the first nano composite film (2) on the lower surface of the top electrode (1) are made of the same material;
the first nano composite film (2) and the second nano composite film (5) are a composite of piezoelectric polymer and two-dimensional material MXene, and in the process of curing the composite, the conversion of alpha-phase piezoelectric polymer to beta-phase is induced by means of the hydrogen bond action between functional groups on the surface of MXene and the piezoelectric polymer, so that the piezoelectric coefficient d of the piezoelectric polymer is improved 33 Piezoelectric coefficient d 33 The increase of the piezoelectric transducer will improve the piezoelectric transduction efficiency; the introduction of MXene can improve the dielectric constant epsilon of the nano composite film 33 Dielectric constant ε 33 The increase of the friction electricity conversion efficiency is improved;
the wind current enters the wind energy generator to cause the resonance piece to vibrate, two processes of approaching and extruding are arranged between the resonance piece and the two nano composite films, the process of approaching causes triboelectric output, the extruding process causes piezoelectric output, the piezoelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films is consistent with the direction of the triboelectric polarity, output signals are positively superposed in an external circuit, and energy collection of the two processes of approaching and extruding is realized.
2. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind power generator of claim 1, wherein: MXene material is Ti 3 C 2 、Ti 2 C、Nb 2 C、Nb 4 C 3 、V 2 C、V 4 C 3 One of the MXene materials.
3. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind power generator of claim 1, wherein: comprises a rudder generator (8) fixed on the upper surface of a main generator;
the main generator rotates for 90 degrees around the wind flow direction and is reduced to obtain a rudder generator (8), and the gravity center of the rudder generator (8) is positioned at one end close to the air outlet (11); the center of gravity of the rudder generator (8) is positioned on the central axis of the main generator parallel to the wind flow direction.
4. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind power generator of claim 1, wherein: the two-dimensional material MXene of the first nanocomposite film (2) and of the second nanocomposite film (5) is prepared by:
(1.1) taking 6-10mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, adding 2-7wt% LiF, and stirring for 5-15min to obtain HF solution;
(1.2) addition of 2-6wt% of Ti 3 AlC 2 Stirring for 20-30h under the condition of water bath at 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
(1.3) centrifuging the mixed solution at 3000-5000rpm for 2-5 min/time, and repeating for 5-6 times;
(1.4) filtering by using filter paper with the filtering hole smaller than 0.45 mu m, and drying for 12-24h under the vacuum condition at 35-45 ℃ to obtain the two-dimensional material MXene.
5. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind power generator of claim 1, wherein: the composite film of piezoelectric polymer and two-dimensional material MXene of the first nanocomposite film (2) and the second nanocomposite film (5) is prepared by the following steps:
(1.5) dissolving MXene powder in a mixed solution of acetone and N, N-dimethylformamide with the volume ratio of 2;
(1.6) adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) particles which account for 5-20wt% of the solution, magnetically stirring for 1-3h under the condition of water bath at 40-60 ℃ to completely dissolve the PVDF particles, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min to obtain a uniform and stable mixed solution; the mass ratio of MXene to PVDF is 1;
(1.7) uniformly spreading the mixed solution on a glass substrate;
(1.8) carrying out corona polarization, heating at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ and drying for 0.5-5h, wherein the field intensity is 8 kV/cm;
(1.9) removing the dried film to obtain a first nano composite film (2) and a second nano composite film (5).
6. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind power generator of claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric polymer of the polymer film material is selected from one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytrifluoroethylene (PTrFE), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene P (VDF-TrFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene P (VDF-HFP).
7. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind turbine of claim 1, wherein: the material of the top electrode and the bottom electrode is copper, or aluminum, or silver metal.
8. The MXene interface coupling enhanced wind power generator of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the main generator is supported by a support tray (9).
9. The method for preparing an MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1.1) taking four rectangular transparent shell plates, wherein the four transparent shell plates are rigid plates;
(1.2) printing aluminum, silver or copper electrodes on one surface of the two transparent shell plates to be used as a top electrode and a bottom electrode;
(1.3) placing the second nano composite film on the bottom electrode, placing the first nano composite film on the top electrode, and packaging the film and the electrode by using an adhesive tape;
(1.4) oppositely and separately placing the bottom electrode and the top electrode, so that the bottom electrode faces the top electrode, and bonding the four rectangular transparent shell plates along the long edges to form a hollow cuboid structure;
(1.5) fixing the resonance sheet between the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate through a supporting device, wherein the resonance sheet is fixed on one side close to the air inlet, and the other three sides can move freely;
(1.6) a rudder generator is arranged on the central axis of the top of the cuboid at one side close to the air outlet in a manner of being vertical to a generator below;
(1.7) the whole generator is fixed on the turntable, and the position of the rotating shaft is the geometric center of the cuboid, so that the projection of the gravity center of the whole generator falls in the supporting surface.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the MXene interface coupling enhanced wind energy generator comprises:
after wind enters the generator from the air inlet, two processes of approaching and extruding are carried out between the resonance sheet and the upper and lower nano composite films, triboelectric output is caused in the approaching process, piezoelectric output is caused in the extruding process, the piezoelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films is consistent with the triboelectric polarity direction of the nano composite films, so that output signals are superposed in the positive direction in an external circuit, and energy collection in the two processes of approaching and extruding is realized;
when the wind flow direction is not vertical to the wind inlet, the wind flow blows to the rudder generator (8) to generate a torque which drives the rudder generator (8) and the main generator to rotate, so that the rudder generator (8) and the main generator rotate until the wind inlet rotates to the direction of the maximum wind speed, namely the wind inlet of the rudder generator (8) and the main generator is vertical to the wind flow direction, and the piezoelectric and triboelectric bimodal energy collection reaches the maximum efficiency;
even if wind blows from the direction opposite to the air outlet, the resonance sheet in the generator serving as the rudder can move in the horizontal direction, so that the interior of the rudder is asymmetric, the two sides of the resonance sheet are stressed unevenly, and the generator can realize 180-degree steering due to huge torque because the rudder is arranged at the tail part of the main body device close to the air outlet.
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| CN113078843A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 上海工程技术大学 | Friction nanometer generator based on folded structure MXene film and preparation method thereof |
| CN113708658A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 电子科技大学 | Method for simultaneously improving piezoelectric and triboelectric transduction efficiencies of composite generator |
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| CN113078843A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 上海工程技术大学 | Friction nanometer generator based on folded structure MXene film and preparation method thereof |
| CN113708658A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 电子科技大学 | Method for simultaneously improving piezoelectric and triboelectric transduction efficiencies of composite generator |
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| SALAUDDIN, M等: ""A Novel MXene/Ecoflex Nanocomposite-Coated Fabric as a Highly Negative and Stable Friction Layer for High-Output Triboelectric Nanogenerators"", 《ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS》, vol. 11, no. 01, 23 December 2020 (2020-12-23), pages 2002832 * |
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