CN115146983A - Carbon accounting method, device and equipment based on village domain scale - Google Patents
Carbon accounting method, device and equipment based on village domain scale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a carbon computing method, a device and equipment based on village domain scale. The method comprises the steps of determining a carbon source element and a carbon sink element of a target village; and (3) calculating the carbon emission amount of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element. In this way, the carbon emission and carbon sink of the village can be accurately and reasonably estimated by constructing a carbon accounting method under the village scale and combining carbon related elements under the village environment, and a data basis is made for accounting the net carbon effect of the whole village.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to the field of rural systems and, more particularly, to a method, apparatus and apparatus for carbon flow accounting within rural systems.
Background
Carbon emission is a process of emitting greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride and the like) to the outside during human production and operation activities. Carbon counting is one of the core contents of current carbon source and carbon sink researches. The construction of carbon accounting and the accounting result are the basis for fairly and effectively developing carbon transaction. The village is a space with definite geographical boundary constraints, comprises population, land and related resource energy production, flow, consumption, waste management and the like, has three functional characteristics of production, life and ecology, and is an effective carrier and a basic unit for rural social and economic activities. The relevant data indicates that agricultural rural greenhouse gas emissions account for approximately 15% of the total national emissions. Rural carbon emission reduction plays a significant role in national carbon emission reduction, so that the significance of rural scale carbon calculation is great.
However, the current research on carbon accounting in the village scale is still limited to the research on a certain level, such as an agricultural level, a rural level and a farmer level, and the research on a systematic index system and an accounting method in the village scale is lacked, so that the carbon emission in the village cannot be reasonably and accurately estimated.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an embodiment of the invention, a village area system carbon accounting scheme is provided. According to the scheme, the carbon calculation method under the village area scale is constructed, and the carbon emission and carbon sink of the village area are accurately and reasonably estimated by combining carbon related elements under the village area environment.
In a first aspect of the invention, a method of carbon computation is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
determining carbon source elements and carbon sink elements of a target village; the carbon source elements are divided into direct carbon emission elements and indirect carbon emission elements; wherein the direct carbon emission factors comprise energy consumption carbon emission, livestock and poultry carbon emission, farmland ecosystem carbon emission, domestic waste carbon emission and farmland carbon emission; the energy consumption carbon emission comprises commercial energy carbon emission and non-commercial energy carbon emission; the indirect carbon emission factors comprise carbon emission generated by agricultural production activities and carbon emission generated by residents; the carbon sink elements comprise crop carbon absorption, land resource carbon sequestration and water area resource carbon sequestration;
calculating the carbon emission amount of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element; wherein
Accounting for carbon emissions of the carbon source element, comprising:
respectively calculating the carbon emission of energy consumption in the carbon source elements, the carbon emission of livestock and poultry, the carbon emission of a farmland ecosystem, the carbon emission of domestic waste, the carbon emission of a natural ecosystem farmland, the carbon emission of agricultural production activities and the carbon emission of resident life, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the carbon source elements in the target village area;
calculating the carbon sequestration amount of the carbon sequestration element, comprising:
and respectively calculating the carbon absorption amount of crops, the carbon fixation amount of land resources and the carbon fixation amount of water resources, and accumulating to obtain the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element of the target village.
Further, calculating the carbon emission of the energy consumption comprises:
calculating the carbon emission of commercial energy and the carbon emission of non-commercial energy, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the energy consumption; wherein the carbon emission of commercial energy is calculated, including:
wherein, C p Carbon emission as commercial energy; t is i Consumption of the i-th type commercial energy; w is a group of i Carbon emission coefficient of the i-th commercial energy;
the coefficient for converting the i-type commercial energy into standard coal;
calculating the carbon emission of the non-commercial energy source, comprising:
CO 2 Marsh ＝B Marsh ×C Marsh ×O Marsh ×44/12
C f ＝CO 2i +CO 2 Marsh
Wherein, C f Carbon emissions that are non-commercial energy sources; CO 2 2i Total carbon dioxide emissions as a non-commercial energy source; b i Consumption of non-commercial energy of the ith type; c i Carbon content coefficient of the i-th non-commercial energy source; o is i Oxidation rate as a class i non-commercial energy source; CO 2 2 Marsh Carbon dioxide emission as biogas; b is Marsh The consumption of the biogas is calculated; c Marsh The heat value of the biogas is; o is Marsh The carbon content of the biogas is; 44/12 is C and CO 2 The conversion coefficient of (2);
calculating the carbon emission of the livestock and poultry, comprising the following steps:
wherein，E C The carbon emission of livestock and poultry;
is CH of livestock and poultry 4 The discharge amount of (c);
is NO of livestock and poultry 2 Discharging amount; q i The average feeding amount of the i-th livestock and poultry is obtained; n is a radical of hydrogen i Is the i-th livestock and poultry excrement NO 2 The discharge coefficient of (a); l is i Is intestinal tract and feces CH of the i-th livestock and poultry 4 A discharge coefficient;
calculating the carbon emission of the farmland ecosystem, comprising:
E turning over ＝H×R
E Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress ＝S Rice (RICE) ×D Rice (RICE) ×6.8182
Wherein, E N Carbon emissions for farmland systems;
is NO in soil 2 Carbon emissions of (d); e Turning over Carbon discharge generated by plowing the land; h is the cultivated land area; r is the carbon emission coefficient of land ploughing; m is a group of i The planting area is the planting area of the i-th crop variety; k is i NO for class i crop varieties 2 The discharge coefficient; e Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress The carbon emission of the rice is reduced; s Rice (RICE) The rice planting area is set as the rice planting area; d Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress Is rice CH 4 A discharge coefficient;
calculating the carbon emission of the domestic waste, comprising:
E waste ＝S COD ×C COD ×11/4
wherein E is S Carbon emission amount of domestic waste;
carbon emission for domestic garbage fermentation; g is the quality of the domestic garbage; DOC is the proportion of degradable organic carbon; DOC f The proportion of degradable organic carbon which is actually decomposed; e waste Carbon emissions for domestic wastewater; s COD The COD amount for treating the domestic wastewater; c COD Is CH of COD 4 A discharge coefficient; 11/4 is CH 4 With CO 2 The conversion coefficient of (2);
calculating carbon emissions from the arable land, comprising:
C ploughing ＝A Ploughing ×T Ploughing
Wherein, C Ploughing Carbon emissions for cultivated land; a. The Ploughing The area of the cultivated land; t is Ploughing The carbon emission coefficient of the cultivated land.
Further, calculating the carbon footprint produced by the agricultural production activity, comprising:
E agricultural chemical ＝∑F i ×D i
Wherein, E Agricultural chemical Carbon emissions for agricultural production activities; f i The usage amount of the i-th material is the usage amount of the i-th material; d i The carbon emission coefficient of the i-th material;
calculating the carbon emission produced by the residents in life, comprising the following steps:
C d ＝T electric power ×W Electricity ×θ Electric power
Wherein, C d Carbon emission for residents; t is Electric power Conversion for consumption expenditure of residentsTotal amount of power of (c); w Electricity Is the power carbon emission coefficient; theta.theta. Electricity And (5) marking the coal coefficient for the electric power.
Further, the land resources include: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, garden land, wetland, and unused land; the water area resource comprises: ponds and reservoirs.
Further, the calculating the carbon uptake of the crop comprises:
C e ＝Y i ×(1-V i )×Z
C g ＝(C e +C j )×R i
C O ＝C e +C j +C g
wherein, C e The carbon content of the economic yield of the i-th crops; y is i Economic yield for class i crops; v i The water content of the i-th crop is shown; z is the conversion coefficient of biomass and carbon content; c j The carbon content of the straws is shown; h i Economic coefficient of the crops; c g The carbon content of the roots of the crops; r i The root crown ratio coefficient of the crops; c O The total carbon sink of the crop;
calculating the carbon fixation amount of the cultivated land, comprising:
Z i ＝Y i ×U i ×0.5
C t ＝∑(α×Z i +β)×M i
wherein Z is i Returning the straws to the field for the ith crops in the current year; u shape i The i-type crop straw grain ratio; m i The planting area is the planting area of the i-th crop variety; α and β are coefficients; c t The carbon fixation amount of the cultivated land;
calculating the carbon fixation amount of the forest land, the grassland, the garden land, the wetland, the unused land and the water area resources, comprising the following steps:
C s ＝∑A i ×E i
wherein, C S The carbon fixation amount of forest land, grassland, garden land, wetland, unused land and water area resources; a. The i An area of a type i land use; e i And the carbon sink coefficient is the i-th land use type.
Further, still include:
according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon sink amount of the target village, calculating the net carbon effect of the target village; the net carbon effect comprises a positive net carbon effect and a negative net carbon effect; wherein the positive net carbon effect means that the carbon absorption of the target village is greater than the carbon sequestration; the negative net carbon effect means that the carbon uptake of the target village is less than the carbon sequestration.
In a second aspect of the invention, a carbon computing device is provided. The device comprises:
the determining module is used for determining carbon source elements and carbon sink elements of the target village; the carbon source elements are divided into direct carbon emission elements and indirect carbon emission elements; wherein the direct carbon emission factors comprise energy consumption carbon emission, livestock and poultry carbon emission, farmland ecosystem carbon emission, domestic waste carbon emission and farmland carbon emission; the energy consumption carbon emission comprises commercial energy carbon emission and non-commercial energy carbon emission; the indirect carbon emission factors comprise carbon emission generated by agricultural production activities and carbon emission generated by residents; the carbon sink elements comprise crop carbon absorption, land resource carbon sequestration and water area resource carbon sequestration;
the accounting module is used for accounting the carbon emission of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element; wherein accounting for carbon emissions of the carbon source element comprises:
respectively calculating the carbon emission of energy consumption in the carbon source elements, the carbon emission of livestock and poultry, the carbon emission of a farmland ecosystem, the carbon emission of domestic waste, the carbon emission of a natural ecosystem farmland, the carbon emission of agricultural production activities and the carbon emission of resident life, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the carbon source elements in the target village area;
calculating a carbon sequestration amount for the carbon sequestration element comprising:
and respectively calculating the carbon absorption amount of crops, the carbon fixation amount of soil, the carbon fixation amount of forest land, the carbon fixation amount of grassland, the carbon fixation amount of garden land, the carbon fixation amount of wetland, the carbon fixation amount of unused land and the carbon fixation amount of a reservoir pool, and accumulating to obtain the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element of the target village area.
In a third aspect of the invention, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method of the first aspect of the invention.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method of the first aspect of the invention.
It should be understood that the statements herein reciting aspects are not intended to limit the critical or essential features of any embodiment of the invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
The above and other features, advantages and aspects of various embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like or similar reference characters denote like or similar elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of an accounting method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an accounting device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device capable of implementing embodiments of the present invention;
of these, 300 is an electronic device, 301 is a CPU, 302 is a ROM, 303 is a RAM, 304 is a bus, 305 is an I/O interface, 306 is an input unit, 307 is an output unit, 308 is a storage unit, and 309 is a communication unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In addition, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
In the invention, the carbon calculating method under the village area scale is constructed, the carbon emission and the carbon sink in the village area are accurately and reasonably estimated by combining the carbon related elements under the village area environment, and the net carbon effect of the whole village area is calculated.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of an accounting method of an embodiment of the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps:
s101, determining carbon source elements and carbon sink elements of the target village.
The carbon source element is divided into a direct carbon emission element and an indirect carbon emission element.
The direct carbon emission factors comprise energy consumption carbon emission, livestock and poultry carbon emission, farmland ecosystem carbon emission, domestic waste carbon emission and farmland carbon emission.
The energy consumption carbon emission comprises commercial energy carbon emission and non-commercial energy carbon emission. The commercial energy carbon emissions, such as those produced by gasoline, diesel, coal, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity, and the like. And the non-commercial energy sources comprise carbon emission, such as carbon emission generated by burning firewood, straws and the like.
The livestock and poultryCarbon emissions, e.g. CH from poultry, pigs, sheep, rabbits, etc. through the intestinal tract or faeces 4 Emission and fecal NO 2 And (4) discharging.
Carbon emissions from the field ecosystem, e.g. field plowing, soil NO 2 Emission, rice CH 4 Emissions, etc. resulting in carbon emissions.
The domestic waste carbon emission, such as carbon emission generated by resident domestic production domestic garbage, domestic wastewater and the like.
And the arable land carbon emission is carbon emission generated in the arable land process.
The indirect carbon emission factors comprise carbon emission generated by agricultural production activities and carbon emission generated by residents.
Carbon emissions from such agricultural production activities, such as indirect carbon emissions from the use of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, irrigation, agricultural films, and the like in agricultural planting processes. Pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, bactericides and the like. Seeds such as winter wheat, summer corn, garlic, and the like.
The carbon emission generated by the life of the residents, such as the expenditure of eight consumers, namely food, clothing, residence, traffic communication, cultural and educational entertainment, medical care, household equipment, miscellaneous goods and the like, is converted into electric power, and the indirect carbon emission is calculated by using an emission coefficient method.
The carbon sink elements comprise crop carbon absorption, land resource carbon sequestration and water area resource carbon sequestration.
And S202, calculating the carbon emission of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the accounting for the carbon emission amount of the carbon source element includes:
respectively calculating the carbon emission of energy consumption in the carbon source elements, the carbon emission of livestock and poultry, the carbon emission of a farmland ecosystem, the carbon emission of domestic waste, the carbon emission of a natural ecosystem farmland, the carbon emission of agricultural production activities and the carbon emission of resident life, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the carbon source elements of the target village.
Further, the carbon emission of the energy consumption is obtained by calculating the carbon emission of commercial energy and the carbon emission of non-commercial energy and accumulating the carbon emission.
The carbon emission of commercial energy is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
wherein, C p Carbon emissions as commercial energy; t is i Consumption of the i-th type commercial energy; w is a group of i Carbon emission coefficient of the i-th commercial energy;
and the coefficient is converted into the coefficient of standard coal for the i-th commercial energy.
In the present embodiment, the carbon emission coefficient of commercial energy, for example, the carbon emission coefficient of coal is 0.7559; the carbon emission coefficient of the liquefied petroleum gas is 0.5042; the carbon emission coefficient of diesel oil is 0.5921; the carbon emission coefficient of gasoline is 0.5538; the carbon emission coefficient of electricity was 0.7935.
In this embodiment, the commercial energy is converted into a standard coal coefficient (standard coal conversion coefficient), for example, the standard coal conversion coefficient of coal is 0.7143; the standard coal conversion coefficient of the liquefied petroleum gas is 1.4286; the standard coal conversion coefficient of the diesel oil is 1.4571; the conversion coefficient of the standard coal of the gasoline is 1.4714; the electrical standard coal conversion factor was 1.4286.
Further, calculating the carbon emissions of the non-commercial energy source comprises:
CO 2 Marsh ＝B Marsh ×C Marsh ×O Marsh ×44/12
C f ＝CO 2i +CO 2 Marsh
Wherein, C f Carbon emissions that are non-commercial energy sources; CO 2 2i Total carbon dioxide emissions as a non-commercial energy source; b i Consumption of non-commercial energy of the ith type; c i Carbon content coefficient of the i-th non-commercial energy source; o is i Oxidation rate as a class i non-commercial energy source; CO 2 2 Marsh Carbon dioxide emission as biogas; b Marsh The consumption of the biogas is taken as the consumption of the biogas; c Marsh The heat value of the biogas is; o is Marsh The carbon content of the marsh gas is shown; 44/12 is C (carbon) and CO 2 The conversion coefficient of (2).
In the embodiment, the carbon content coefficient of the straw is 40%, and the oxidation rate is 85%; the carbon coefficient of firewood is 45%, and the oxidation rate is 87%.
Further, calculating the carbon emission of the livestock and poultry, comprising the following steps:
wherein E is C The carbon emission of the livestock and poultry is reduced;
is CH of livestock and poultry 4 The discharge amount of (c);
is NO of livestock and poultry 2 Discharge capacity; q i The average feeding amount of the i-th livestock and poultry is obtained; n is a radical of hydrogen i Is the i-th livestock manure NO 2 The discharge coefficient of (a); l is a radical of an alcohol i Is intestinal tract and feces CH of the i-th livestock and poultry 4 The discharge coefficient. CH (CH) 4 The ratio to carbon is 1; NO 2 The ratio to carbon was 81.2727. The carbon emission coefficients corresponding to the major livestock species are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Further, calculating the carbon emission of the farmland ecosystem, comprising:
E turning over ＝H×R
E Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress ＝S Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress ×D Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress ×6.8182
Wherein, E N Carbon emissions for farmland systems;
is NO in soil 2 Carbon emissions of (d); e Turning over Carbon emission generated by land ploughing; h is the cultivated land area; r is the carbon emission coefficient of land ploughing, and the value is 312.6kg/hm -2 ；M i The planting area is the planting area of the i-th crop variety; k i NO for class i crop varieties 2 A discharge coefficient; e Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress The carbon emission of the rice is obtained; s Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress The rice planting area is set as the rice planting area; d Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress Is rice CH 4 The discharge coefficient. () NO corresponding to major crops 2 The emission coefficients, as shown in table 2 below:
| variety of crop | NO2 emission coefficient (kg/hm-2) |
| Winter wheat | 2.05 |
| Spring wheat | 0.4 |
| Corn (maize) | 2.532 |
| Garlic | 4.21 |
Table 2 further, calculating the carbon emissions of the domestic waste includes:
E waste ＝S COD ×C COD ×11/4
wherein E is S Carbon emission amount of domestic waste;
carbon emission for domestic waste fermentation; g is the quality of the domestic garbage; DOC is the proportion of degradable organic carbon, and the recommended value is 14%; DOC f The recommended value is 50% for the proportion of the degradable organic carbon which is actually decomposed; e waste Carbon emissions for domestic wastewater; s COD For treating the COD amount of domestic wastewater, the COD is chemicalOxygen demand; c COD Is CH of COD 4 The discharge coefficient; 11/4 is CH 4 With CO 2 The conversion coefficient of (2).
Further, calculating carbon emissions from the arable land comprises:
C ploughing ＝A Ploughing ×T Ploughing
Wherein, C Ploughing Carbon emissions for cultivated land; a. The Ploughing The area of the cultivated land; t is Ploughing The carbon emission coefficient of the cultivated land is 0.0442kg/m 2 ·a。
As an embodiment of the present invention, calculating indirect carbon emissions includes:
calculating the amount of carbon emissions generated by the agricultural production activity, comprising:
E agricultural chemical ＝∑F i ＝D i
Wherein E is Agricultural chemical Carbon emissions for agricultural production activities; f i The usage amount of the i-th material is; d i The carbon emission coefficient of the i-th material. The carbon emission coefficients of the main materials involved in agricultural production activities are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
Calculating the carbon emission produced by the residents in life, comprising the following steps:
C d ＝T electricity ×W Electric power ×θ Electric power
Wherein, C d Carbon emission for residents; t is Electric power The total amount of electric power converted for the consumption expenditure of residents; w is a group of Electric power Is the power carbon emission coefficient; theta Electric power And the coal coefficient is marked by the electric power.
The indirect carbon emission is calculated by taking the electric power as the consumption of secondary energy, the expenditure of eight consumers is converted into the electric power, the indirect carbon emission is calculated by using an emission coefficient method, and the carbon emission of the whole village can be estimated more accurately.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the carbon sequestration amount for the carbon sequestration element includes:
the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element comprises carbon absorption amount of crops, carbon sink amount of land resources and carbon sink amount of water resources. The crops are crops planted on cultivated lands, and comprise winter wheat, summer corn, garlic and the like. The land resources comprise cultivated land, forest land, grassland, garden land, wetland and other unused land and the like. The water resources comprise ponds, reservoirs and the like.
And calculating the carbon absorption amount of crops, the carbon sequestration amount of land resources and the carbon sequestration amount of water resources, and accumulating to obtain the carbon sequestration amount of the carbon sequestration element of the target village.
Specifically, the calculating the carbon absorption amount of the crops comprises the following steps:
C e ＝Y i ×(1-V i )×Z
C g ＝(C e +C j )×R i
C O ＝C e +C j +C g
wherein, C e The carbon content of the economic yield of the i-th crops; y is i Economic yield for class i crops; v i The water content of the i-th crop is shown; z is the conversion coefficient of biomass and carbon content, and the value of Z is 0.45; c j The carbon content of the straw is measured; h i Economic coefficient of the crops; c g The carbon content of the roots of the crops; r i The root-crown ratio coefficient of the crops; c O Is the total carbon sink of the crop.
As an example of the present invention, the root-cap ratio, the water content, the economic coefficient and the grain-straw ratio of the main crops in village are shown in table 4 below:
| crops | Root and crown ratio | Water content ratio | Economic coefficient | Grain to straw ratio |
| Winter wheat | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.37 | 1:1.1 |
| Summer corn | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.49 | 1:1.2 |
| Garlic | 0.250 | 0.9 | 0.625 |
TABLE 4
Specifically, the solid carbon amount of the land resource is calculated, and the solid carbon amount of the cultivated land and the solid carbon amount of other land resources are calculated.
Calculating the carbon sequestration of the cultivated land, comprising:
Z i ＝Y i ×U i ×0.5
C t ＝∑(α×Z i +β)×M i
wherein, Z i The straw returning amount (t/a) of the ith crops in the current year; u shape i The i-type crop straw grain ratio; m i The planting area (hm) of the i-th crop variety; alpha is a coefficient and takes the value of 58.068; beta is a coefficient and takes a value of 20.688; c t The carbon fixation amount of the cultivated land.
Calculating the carbon fixation amount of the forest land, the grassland, the garden land, the wetland, the unused land and the water area resources, comprising the following steps:
C S ＝∑A i ×E i
wherein, C s The carbon fixation amount of forest land, grassland, garden land, wetland, unused land and water area resources; a. The i An area of a type i land use; e i And the carbon sink coefficient is the i-th land use type.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the net carbon effect of the target village is calculated according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon sink amount of the target village; the net carbon effect comprises a positive net carbon effect and a negative net carbon effect; wherein the positive net carbon effect means that the carbon absorption of the target village is greater than the carbon sequestration; the negative net carbon effect means that the carbon uptake of the target village is less than the carbon sink.
In some embodiments, the carbon source element and the carbon sink element in each village system are different due to the influence of natural geographic environment, humanistic environment, production life style and other factors, but the whole carbon calculation framework is basically the same, but the specific elements are more or less different, for example, some villages are mainly used for planting rice, so the CH of the rice field needs to be considered when considering carbon emission 4 Carbon emission; and some villages mainly grow wheat and do not grow rice, and the carbon source elements of the two villages are different. Such as energy consumption may include gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal, biogas, etc.
In this embodiment, the energy of the target village mainly comprises electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel oil, and a small amount of coal, straw and firewood are used as auxiliary materials, so that only the carbon emission of the elements of electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel oil, coal, straw and firewood is considered when accounting for the carbon emission consumed by the energy. The natural system carbon absorption amount comprises forest land carbon fixation amount, garden land carbon fixation amount, grassland carbon fixation amount, unused land carbon fixation amount and reservoir pool carbon fixation amount, and only comprises the forest land carbon fixation amount, the grassland carbon fixation amount and the reservoir pool carbon fixation amount when the natural system carbon absorption amount is carried out according to the specific situation of the embodiment.
Optionally, after step B, the method includes: besides determining the carbon source elements and the carbon sink elements, selecting appropriate coefficients according to the specific conditions of the elements in different villages, such as CH of different rice types in the rice field 4 The discharge coefficients are different, and the type of the rice planted in the target village area needs to be considered during specific accounting; the carbon emission coefficients of different crop seeds are different; different grass types have different carbon absorption coefficients, etc.
In some optional implementations of this embodiment, the crops are mainly based on winter wheat and summer corn, so the correlation coefficients of winter wheat and summer corn are selected when selecting the coefficients, rather than the coefficients of wheat and corn being selected in general; the grassland is low-coverage grassland, and when carbon-fixing amount accounting is carried out on the carbon grassland, the carbon absorption coefficient of the grassland is selected to be the coefficient corresponding to the low-coverage grassland, and the like.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emission amount and the carbon sink amount in the village are calculated by the above-described calculation method.
The carbon sink list is shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5
The carbon sink in the research village comes from a farmland ecosystem and a natural ecosystem in an ecological space, the total carbon sink amount in one year is 5766t, and the average carbon sink amount in people is 3.74t/a. The carbon sink is mainly from the farmland ecosystem, is 5765t and accounts for 99.97 percent of the total carbon sink, and the farmland soil has a large specific gravity of the solid carbon, and accounts for 67.97 percent. The carbon sink of the natural ecosystem mainly comes from forest lands, is 1.55t, accounts for 98.42 percent of the carbon sink of the natural ecosystem, and the overall carbon sink of the grassland and the pond is not greatly different and is respectively 0.011t and 0.014t.
The carbon source factors and carbon emissions are shown in table 6 below:
TABLE 6
The carbon source amount in the investigation village relates to three spaces of production, life and ecology, the total carbon source amount is 6511.68t, and the per capita carbon emission amount is 4.23t. The carbon emission in three spaces of production, life and ecology are 266.4t, 6141.95t and 103.29t respectively, and it can be seen that the carbon source in the research village mainly comes from the living space and accounts for 94.32 percent, and the main carbon emission comes from clothes and eating habits of people and accounts for 99.22 percent. The carbon emission in the production space is mainly from agricultural production and is 260.78t, and the occupation ratio is 97.87%, while in the agricultural production process, the carbon emission is mainly from chemical fertilizer and is 176.98t, the occupation ratio is 67.87%, the emission of pesticide is the least, and is 2.09t, and the occupation ratio is 0.08%. The ecological space carbon source mainly comes from a farmland ecosystem, is 63.01t, accounts for 61%, and has more NO2 emission in soil and farmland ploughing times; the carbon source of the natural ecosystem is mainly carbon emission of cultivated land, and is 40.28t.
The carbon emission of the research village is mainly indirect carbon emission of 5334.44t, and the percentage of the carbon emission is 81.92%; the second direct carbon emission was 1177.24t. The indirect carbon emission mainly comes from the indirect carbon emission generated by people for clothes and inhabitants, the percentage of the indirect carbon emission is 95.37 percent, and then the indirect carbon emission sequentially comprises chemical fertilizers, irrigation, seeds and pesticides. The direct carbon emission mainly comes from the power consumption, 902.61t, 76.59% of the percentage, 74t of the gasoline (but as is known, the gasoline of the village is mainly used for the fuel oil of the cars, and the fuel consumption process of the cars is mostly carried out outside the village), and the minimum carbon emission for livestock breeding is 6t.
It should be noted that for simplicity of description, the above-mentioned method embodiments are shown as a series of combinations of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are exemplary embodiments and that the acts and modules illustrated are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
The above is a description of method embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention are further described below by way of apparatus embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus 200 includes:
a determining module 210, configured to determine a carbon source element and a carbon sink element of the target village; the carbon source elements are divided into direct carbon emission elements and indirect carbon emission elements; wherein the direct carbon emission factors comprise energy consumption carbon emission, livestock and poultry carbon emission, farmland ecosystem carbon emission, domestic waste carbon emission and farmland carbon emission; the energy consumption carbon emission comprises commercial energy carbon emission and non-commercial energy carbon emission; the indirect carbon emission factors comprise carbon emission generated by agricultural production activities and carbon emission generated by residents; the carbon sink elements comprise crop carbon absorption, cultivated land carbon fixation, forest land carbon fixation, grassland carbon fixation and pond carbon fixation;
an accounting module 220, configured to account the carbon emission amount of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element; wherein accounting for carbon emissions of the carbon source elements comprises:
respectively calculating the carbon emission of energy consumption in the carbon source elements, the carbon emission of livestock and poultry, the carbon emission of a farmland ecosystem, the carbon emission of domestic waste, the carbon emission of a natural ecosystem farmland, the carbon emission of agricultural production activities and the carbon emission of resident life, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the carbon source elements of the target village area;
calculating the carbon sequestration amount of the carbon sequestration element, comprising:
and respectively calculating the carbon absorption amount of crops, the carbon fixation amount of soil, the carbon fixation amount of forest land, the carbon fixation amount of grassland, the carbon fixation amount of garden land, the carbon fixation amount of wetland, the carbon fixation amount of unused land and the carbon fixation amount of reservoir pond, and accumulating to obtain the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element of the target village area.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the described module may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and is not described herein again.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the acquisition, storage, application and the like of the personal information of the related user all accord with the regulations of related laws and regulations without violating the good customs of the public order.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device and a readable storage medium are also provided.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an electronic device 300 that may be used to implement an embodiment of the invention. Electronic devices are intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed herein.
The device 300 comprises a computing unit 301 which may perform various suitable actions and processes in accordance with a computer program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 302 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 308 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 303. In the RAM 303, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the device 300 can also be stored. The calculation unit 301, the ROM 302, and the RAM 303 are connected to each other via a bus 304. An input/output (I/O) interface 305 is also connected to bus 304.
Various components in device 300 are connected to I/O interface 305, including: an input unit 306 such as a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output unit 307 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 308 such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit 309 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 309 allows the device 300 to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network such as the internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
The computing unit 301 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 301 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various dedicated Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, and so forth. The calculation unit 301 executes the respective methods and processes described above, such as the methods S101 to S102. For example, in some embodiments, methods S101-S102 may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly embodied in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 308. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded onto and/or installed onto device 300 via ROM 302 and/or communications unit 309. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 303 and executed by computing unit 301, one or more of the steps of methods S101-S102 described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 301 may be configured to perform the methods S101-S102 in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), system on a chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, receiving data and instructions from, and transmitting data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
Program code for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be performed. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which a user may provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), and the Internet.
The computer system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server of a distributed system, or a server with a combined blockchain.
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and are not limited herein as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A carbon accounting method based on village domain scale is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining carbon source elements and carbon sink elements of a target village; the carbon source elements are divided into direct carbon emission elements and indirect carbon emission elements; wherein the direct carbon emission factors comprise energy consumption carbon emission, livestock and poultry carbon emission, farmland ecosystem carbon emission, domestic waste carbon emission and farmland carbon emission; the energy consumption carbon emission comprises commercial energy carbon emission and non-commercial energy carbon emission; the indirect carbon emission factors comprise carbon emission generated by agricultural production activities and carbon emission generated by residents; the carbon sink elements comprise crop carbon absorption, land resource carbon sequestration and water area resource carbon sequestration;
calculating the carbon emission amount of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element; wherein
Accounting for carbon emissions of the carbon source element, comprising:
respectively calculating the carbon emission of energy consumption in the carbon source elements, the carbon emission of livestock and poultry, the carbon emission of a farmland ecosystem, the carbon emission of domestic waste, the carbon emission of a natural ecosystem farmland, the carbon emission of agricultural production activities and the carbon emission of resident life, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the carbon source elements in the target village area;
calculating a carbon sequestration amount for the carbon sequestration element comprising:
and respectively calculating the carbon absorption amount of the crops, the carbon fixation amount of the land resources and the carbon fixation amount of the water resources, and accumulating to obtain the carbon sequestration amount of the carbon sequestration element of the target village.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the carbon footprint for energy consumption comprises:
calculating the carbon emission of commercial energy and the carbon emission of non-commercial energy, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the energy consumption; wherein the carbon emission of commercial energy is calculated, including:
C p ＝∑T i ×W i ×θ i
wherein, C p Carbon emission as commercial energy; t is i The consumption of the i-th type commercial energy; w i Carbon emission coefficient for i-th commercial energy; theta i The coefficient of the i-th commercial energy converted into standard coal;
calculating the carbon emission of the non-commercial energy source, comprising:
CO 2 Marsh ＝B Marsh ×C Marsh ×O Marsh ×44/12
C f ＝CO 2i +CO 2 Marsh
Wherein, C f Carbon emissions that are non-commercial energy sources; CO 2 2i Total carbon dioxide emissions as a non-commercial energy source; b is i Consumption of non-commercial energy of the i-th class; c i Carbon content coefficient of the i-th non-commercial energy source; o is i Oxidation rate as a class i non-commercial energy source; CO 2 2 Marsh Carbon dioxide emission as biogas; b Marsh The consumption of the biogas is taken as the consumption of the biogas; c Marsh The calorific value of the biogas is; o is Marsh The carbon content of the biogas is; 44/12 is C and CO 2 The conversion coefficient of (2);
calculating the carbon emission of the livestock and poultry, comprising the following steps:
wherein, E C The carbon emission of the livestock and poultry is reduced;
is CH of livestock and poultry 4 The discharge amount of (c);
is NO of livestock and poultry 2 Discharge capacity; q i The average feeding amount of the i-th livestock and poultry is obtained; n is a radical of i Is the i-th livestock manure NO 2 The discharge coefficient of (a); l is i Is intestinal tract and feces CH of the i-th livestock and poultry 4 A discharge coefficient;
calculating the carbon emission of the farmland ecosystem, comprising:
E turning over ＝H×R
E Rice (RICE) ＝S Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress ×D Rice (RICE) ×6.8182
Wherein E is N Carbon emissions for farmland systems;
is NO in soil 2 Carbon emissions of (c); e Turning over Carbon discharge generated by plowing the land; h is the cultivated land area; r is the carbon emission coefficient of land ploughing; m i The planting area is the planting area of the i-th crop variety; k i NO for class i crop varieties 2 A discharge coefficient; e Rice (RICE) The carbon emission of the rice is obtained; s Rice (RICE) The rice planting area is set as the rice planting area; d Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress Is rice CH 4 A discharge coefficient;
calculating the carbon emission of the domestic waste, comprising:
E waste ＝S COD ×C COD ×11/4
wherein, E S Carbon emission amount of domestic waste;
carbon emission for domestic garbage fermentation; g is the quality of the domestic garbage; DOC is the proportion of degradable organic carbon; DOC f The proportion of degradable organic carbon for actual decomposition; e waste Carbon emissions for domestic wastewater; s COD The COD amount for treating the domestic wastewater; c COD Is CH of COD 4 The discharge coefficient; 11/4 is CH 4 With CO 2 The conversion coefficient of (2);
calculating carbon emissions from the arable land, comprising:
C ploughing ＝A Ploughing ×T Ploughing
Wherein, C Ploughing Carbon emissions for cultivated land; a. The Ploughing The area of the farmland; t is a unit of Ploughing The carbon emission coefficient of the cultivated land.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the amount of carbon emissions produced by the agricultural production activity comprises:
E agricultural chemical ＝∑F i ×D i
Wherein E is Agricultural chemical Carbon emissions for agricultural production activities; f i For materials of the i-th classThe usage amount; d i The carbon emission coefficient of the i-th material;
calculating the carbon emission produced by the residents in life, comprising the following steps:
C d ＝T electric power ×W Electric power ×θ Electric power
Wherein, C d Carbon emission for residents; t is a unit of Electricity The total amount of electric power converted for the residents' expenditure; w is a group of Electricity Is the electrical carbon emission coefficient; theta.theta. Electricity And (5) marking the coal coefficient for the electric power.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the land resources comprise: arable land, woodland, grassland, garden land, wetland, and unused land; the water area resources include: ponds and reservoirs.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the calculating the carbon uptake of the crop comprises:
C e ＝Y i ×(1-V i )×Z
C g ＝(C e +C j )×R i
C O ＝C e +C j +C g
wherein, C e The carbon content of the economic yield of the i-th crops; y is i Economic yield for class i crops; v i The water content of the i-th crops; z is the conversion coefficient of biomass and carbon content; c j The carbon content of the straws is shown; h i Economic coefficient of the crops; c g The carbon content of the roots of the crops; r i The root-crown ratio coefficient of the crops; c O Total carbon sequestration for the crop;
calculating the carbon fixation amount of the cultivated land, comprising:
Z i ＝Y i ×U i ×0.5
C t ＝∑(α×Z i +β)×M i
wherein, Z i Returning the straws to the field for the ith crops in the current year; u shape i The i-type crop straw grain ratio; m i The planting area is the planting area of the i-th crop variety; α and β are coefficients; c t The carbon fixation amount of the cultivated land;
calculating the carbon fixation amount of the forest land, the grassland, the garden land, the wetland, the unused land and the water area resources, comprising the following steps:
C S ＝∑A i ×E i
wherein, C S The carbon fixation amount of forest land, grassland, garden land, wetland, unused land and water area resources; a. The i An area of a type i land use; e i And the carbon sink coefficient is the i-th land utilization type.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
according to the carbon absorption amount and the carbon sink amount of the target village, calculating the net carbon effect of the target village; the net carbon effect comprises a positive net carbon effect and a negative net carbon effect; wherein the positive net carbon effect means that the carbon absorption of the target village is greater than the carbon sequestration; the negative net carbon effect means that the carbon uptake of the target village is less than the carbon sequestration.
7. A village-based scale carbon computing apparatus, comprising:
the determining module is used for determining carbon source elements and carbon sink elements of the target village; the carbon source elements are divided into direct carbon emission elements and indirect carbon emission elements; wherein the direct carbon emission factors comprise energy consumption carbon emission, livestock and poultry carbon emission, farmland ecosystem carbon emission, domestic waste carbon emission and farmland carbon emission; the energy consumption carbon emission comprises commercial energy carbon emission and non-commercial energy carbon emission; the indirect carbon emission element comprises carbon emission generated by agricultural production activities and carbon emission generated by resident life; the carbon sink elements comprise crop carbon absorption, land resource carbon sequestration and water area carbon sequestration;
the accounting module is used for accounting the carbon emission amount of the carbon source element and the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element; wherein accounting for carbon emissions of the carbon source element comprises:
respectively calculating the carbon emission of energy consumption in the carbon source elements, the carbon emission of livestock and poultry, the carbon emission of a farmland ecosystem, the carbon emission of domestic waste, the carbon emission of a natural ecosystem farmland, the carbon emission of agricultural production activities and the carbon emission of resident life, and accumulating to obtain the carbon emission of the carbon source elements of the target village area;
calculating the carbon sequestration amount of the carbon sequestration element, comprising:
and respectively calculating the carbon absorption amount of crops, the solid carbon amount of land resources and the solid carbon amount of water resources, and accumulating to obtain the carbon sink amount of the carbon sink element of the target village.
8. An electronic device, at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.
9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.
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| CN115600824A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-01-13 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司金华供电公司（Cn） | Early warning method and device for carbon emission, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN115711967A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-02-24 | 青芥一合碳汇(武汉)科技有限公司 | Carbon emission management monitoring method for rice planting and related device |
| CN116128161A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-05-16 | 南京农业大学 | Agricultural land carbon emission prediction method and system |
| CN116777082A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-09-19 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | Farmland carbon emission prediction method and system based on resource prediction |
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| CN116128161A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-05-16 | 南京农业大学 | Agricultural land carbon emission prediction method and system |
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