CN115144962A - Electromagnetic wave transmission structure, device and optical chip - Google Patents
Electromagnetic wave transmission structure, device and optical chip Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electromagnetic wave transmission structure, an electromagnetic wave transmission device and an optical chip. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure comprises at least one first transmission structure and at least one second transmission structure, wherein the second transmission structures and the first transmission structures are alternately arranged along a preset axis; wherein the first transmission structure is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of a first mode at its operating frequency and the second transmission structure is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of a second mode at its operating frequency; and the first transmission structure is further configured to block transmission of electromagnetic waves of the second mode in a direction of the preset axis, and the second transmission structure is further configured to block transmission of electromagnetic waves of the first mode in the direction of the preset axis. The electromagnetic wave transmission device can realize multichannel electromagnetic wave transmission without crosstalk, can realize full utilization of space and materials, and improves the integration level.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic wave transmission technology, and in particular, to an electromagnetic wave transmission structure, device and optical chip.
Background
Waveguides are important devices in the optical field. The waveguide is composed of a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the core layer is responsible for transmitting light, and the cladding layer is responsible for blocking or reflecting light so as to achieve the purpose of transmitting the light along the axial direction of the waveguide. Conventional waveguides include mainly ordinary fiber waveguides and photonic crystal bandgap waveguides.
The common fiber waveguide is used for restraining a wave in a core layer for propagation through the total reflection effect from a wave dense medium to a wave sparse medium. However, the cladding of the waveguide itself does not propagate light, resulting in some unnecessary waste of space and material; on the other hand, crosstalk is easily generated between waveguides in the fabrication process of the optical chip, and it is necessary to form a sufficient distance between adjacent waveguides to reduce crosstalk, which is significantly disadvantageous for the integration of optical circuits.
The photonic crystal band gap waveguide is formed by taking photonic crystals which are periodically arranged as a cladding of the waveguide and utilizing the energy band theory of the photonic crystals to limit light to be transmitted in a core layer. However, the cladding of the photonic crystal bandgap waveguide is generally thick, and the cladding itself does not propagate light, which is also prone to waste of space and material, and is also not favorable for integration of optical circuits.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide an improved electromagnetic wave transmission structure, which is suitable for the conventional waveguide, and is disadvantageous to the integration of optical circuit.
An electromagnetic wave transmission structure comprising:
the device comprises at least one first transmission structure and at least one second transmission structure, wherein the second transmission structures and the first transmission structures are alternately arranged along a preset axis;
wherein the first transmission structure is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of a first mode at its operating frequency and the second transmission structure is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of a second mode at its operating frequency;
and the first transmission structure is further configured to block the transmission of the electromagnetic waves of the second mode in the direction of the preset axis, and the second transmission structure is further configured to block the transmission of the electromagnetic waves of the first mode in the direction of the preset axis.
Above-mentioned electromagnetic wave transmission structure, through making the electromagnetic wave transmission of first transmission structure separation second mode in the direction of predetermineeing the axis, and make the electromagnetic wave transmission of second transmission structure separation first mode in the direction of predetermineeing the axis, can realize the electromagnetic wave transmission of multichannel simultaneously, solve the problem that ordinary fiber waveguide easily takes place to cross talk effectively, and then, first transmission structure and second transmission structure both can transmit the electromagnetic wave, can separate the electromagnetic wave transmission in the adjacent transmission structure again in the direction of predetermineeing the axis, thereby have the effect of "sandwich layer" and "cladding" in traditional waveguide concurrently, space and the make full use of material have been realized, be favorable to the integration of light path, also can reduce the preparation cost of electromagnetic wave transmission device to a certain extent.
In one embodiment, the distance between the adjacent first transmission structures and the second transmission structures is 0.
In one embodiment, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode has a first range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second mode has a second range, and the first range and the second range do not overlap.
In one embodiment, the first transmission structure comprises an air-guided wave structure.
In one embodiment, the first transmission structure comprises a uniform dielectric guided wave structure having a refractive index greater than 1.
In one embodiment, the second transmission structure comprises a photonic crystal.
In one embodiment, the photonic crystal includes a plurality of minimal repeating units arranged in an array, the minimal repeating unit including: a first dielectric material; a second dielectric material disposed within the first dielectric material, the second dielectric material having a dielectric constant different from a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material.
In one embodiment, the minimal repeating unit is a plane-symmetric structure, and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric material is smaller than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric material.
In one embodiment, the second transmission structure has a predetermined thickness along the direction of the predetermined axis, the second transmission structure is further configured to transmit a third mode of electromagnetic waves, and the first transmission structure is further configured to block the third mode of electromagnetic wave transmission in the direction of the predetermined axis.
In one embodiment, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode has a first range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second mode has a second range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the third mode has a third range, the first range and the second range do not overlap, and the first range and the third range do not overlap.
The present application also provides an electromagnetic wave transmission device.
An electromagnetic wave transmission device comprising an electromagnetic wave transmission structure as described above, wherein each of the first transmission structures and each of the second transmission structures are respectively configured to form one channel.
Compared with the traditional waveguide array with the same volume, the electromagnetic wave transmission device has high integration level and more channel numbers; in addition, each channel can transmit the electromagnetic waves incident at different angles with low loss, so that the numerical aperture and the coupling efficiency of the electromagnetic wave transmission device are greatly improved.
The present application also provides an electromagnetic wave transmission device.
An electromagnetic wave transmission device comprising a plurality of electromagnetic wave transmission structures as described above, wherein at least one transmission structure of the at least one electromagnetic wave transmission structure is a uniform dielectric guided wave structure; at least one bending channel is formed in the electromagnetic wave transmission device, and a bending part of the bending channel comprises a uniform dielectric medium wave guide structure.
The electromagnetic wave transmission device can effectively realize the bending transmission control of incident electromagnetic waves through the electromagnetic wave transmission structure and realize the transmission of low-loss optical signals.
The application also provides an optical chip.
An optical chip comprising an electromagnetic wave transmission device as described above.
According to the optical chip, the electromagnetic wave transmission device can effectively transmit optical signals to various elements located in different directions, and the performance of the optical chip is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the specification, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fiber optic waveguide;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a photonic crystal bandgap waveguide;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second transmission structure according to another preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic size diagram of a minimum repeating unit of the second transmission structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an iso-frequency plot for a second transmission configuration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a second transmission architecture of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
fig. 7 (b) is an operation diagram of the first transmission structure being an air-guided wave structure;
fig. 7 (c) and (e) are dispersion graphs of the second transmission structure of the embodiment shown in fig. 4 at different thicknesses, respectively;
fig. 7 is a graph (d) and a graph (f) each showing a dispersion curve at different thicknesses when the first transmission structure is an air-guided structure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an electromagnetic wave transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIGS. 9A (a) to (d) are diagrams illustrating the operation of channels A1, B1, A2, B2, respectively, of the embodiment of FIG. 8;
FIGS. 9B (e) to (h) are diagrams illustrating the operation of channels A3, B3, A4, B4, respectively, of the embodiment of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of an electromagnetic wave transmission device according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIGS. 11 (a) to (c) are schematic diagrams respectively illustrating the operation of each meandering channel of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of an electromagnetic wave transmission device according to still another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the embodiment shown in fig. 12.
Element number description:
10. a common optical fiber waveguide, 11, a core layer, 12 and a cladding layer;
20. a photonic crystal band gap waveguide 21, a core layer 22 and a photonic crystal cladding layer;
30. electromagnetic wave transmission structure, 31, first transmission structure, 32, second transmission structure, 320, minimal repeating unit, 321, first dielectric material, 322, second dielectric material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will recognize without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
An optical fiber is a fiber made of glass or plastic and can be used as a light transmission means. The transmission principle is the total reflection effect of light. Currently, fiber waveguides are well developed, such as single mode fibers, multimode fibers, polarization maintaining fibers, and the like. However, as shown in fig. 1, the conventional optical fiber waveguide needs a thick cladding layer which is not used for propagating a desired electromagnetic wave, which easily causes a waste of space and material, and crosstalk is easily generated when the optical fibers are close to each other, and it is necessary to form a sufficient distance between adjacent waveguides to reduce the crosstalk, where the crosstalk is an undesired influence on adjacent transmission lines due to electromagnetic coupling when a signal is transmitted on a transmission channel, and an interfered signal appears to be injected with a certain coupling voltage and coupling current. Therefore, the conventional optical fiber is significantly disadvantageous for the integration of optical paths.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 2, the photonic crystal bandgap waveguide 20 uses the photonic crystals arranged periodically as the cladding 22 of the waveguide, and utilizes the energy band theory of the photonic crystals to limit light to propagate in the core layer 21, and because the refractive index of the core layer 21 is different from the effective refractive index of the cladding 22, the photonic crystal bandgap waveguide can also have a larger numerical aperture. However, the light incident on the end face of the core layer 21 still has low coupling efficiency due to impedance mismatch; and the cladding 22 of the photonic crystal bandgap waveguide is usually thick, and the cladding 22 itself does not propagate light, which is also easy to cause waste of space and materials, and is also not beneficial to integration of optical paths.
In view of the above problems, the present application provides, in one embodiment, an electromagnetic wave transmission structure with low crosstalk and high integration.
As shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic wave transmission structure 30 includes at least one first transmission structure 31 and at least one second transmission structure 32, and the second transmission structures 32 and the first transmission structures 31 are alternately arranged along a preset axis AX; wherein the first transmission structure 31 is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of a first mode at its operating frequency, and the second transmission structure 32 is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of a second mode at its operating frequency; also, the first transmission structure 31 is further configured to block the transmission of electromagnetic waves of the second mode in the direction of the preset axis AX, and the second transmission structure 32 is further configured to block the transmission of electromagnetic waves of the first mode in the direction of the preset axis AX.
Specifically, taking fig. 3 as an example, the y direction is a direction of the preset axis AX, the x direction is a direction perpendicular to the preset axis AX (i.e. an axial direction of the transmission structure), and the z direction is perpendicular to the paper surface and faces outward. The first transmission structures 31 and the second transmission structures 32 are alternately arranged along the y direction, and preferably, the distance between the adjacent first transmission structures 31 and second transmission structures 32 is 0, so that the space is fully utilized, and the integration level of the electromagnetic wave transmission structures or devices is greatly improved.
After the incident electromagnetic wave is incident into the first transmission structure 31, the incident electromagnetic wave can be transmitted in the first transmission structure 31 in a first mode, and the electromagnetic wave in the first mode has propagation components in both the x direction and the y direction, and the second transmission structure 32 can block the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode in the y direction, so that the electromagnetic wave in the first mode cannot be coupled into the second transmission structure 32 to be limited in the first transmission structure 31 and is transmitted in the x direction as a whole; after the incident electromagnetic wave enters the second transmission structure 32, the incident electromagnetic wave can be transmitted in the second transmission structure 32 in a second mode, and the electromagnetic wave in the second mode has propagation components in both the x direction and the y direction, and the first transmission structure 31 can block the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the second mode in the y direction, so that the electromagnetic wave in the second mode cannot be coupled into the first transmission structure 31 and is confined in the second transmission structure 32, and is transmitted in the x direction as a whole. The crosstalk between the adjacent transmission structures can be eliminated through the mode, the crosstalk-free transmission of the electromagnetic waves can be realized even if the distance between the adjacent transmission structures is 0, and compared with the traditional waveguide array, the integration level of the electromagnetic wave transmission structure is greatly improved.
It should be noted that the operating frequency refers to the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave that enables the electromagnetic wave to transmit in the corresponding transmission structure and enables the electromagnetic wave incident into the corresponding transmission structure to be blocked by the adjacent transmission structure in the y direction, and the mode of the electromagnetic wave refers to a determined electromagnetic field distribution rule that can exist independently under given boundary conditions. The electromagnetic wave of the first mode is formed by incidence of the electromagnetic wave at the operating frequency of the first transmission structure 31, the electromagnetic wave of the second mode is formed by incidence of the electromagnetic wave at the operating frequency of the second transmission structure 32, and the operating frequency of the first transmission structure 31 and the operating frequency of the second transmission structure 32 may be the same or different.
The electromagnetic wave transmission structure 30 can effectively solve the problem of crosstalk between the common optical fiber waveguides 10 while realizing multi-channel electromagnetic wave transmission by making the first transmission structure 31 block the electromagnetic wave transmission in the second mode in the direction of the preset axis AX and making the second transmission structure 32 block the electromagnetic wave transmission in the first mode in the direction of the preset axis AX, and further, both the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32 can transmit the electromagnetic wave and block the electromagnetic wave transmission in the adjacent transmission structure in the direction of the preset axis AX, thereby having the functions of a core layer and a cladding layer in the conventional waveguide, realizing the full utilization of space and materials, being beneficial to the integration of optical paths, and also reducing the preparation cost of the electromagnetic wave transmission device to a certain extent.
Further, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the first mode has a first range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the second mode has a second range, and the first range and the second range do not overlap. Specifically, the propagation constant refers to a component of the wave vector of the electromagnetic wave in the axial direction of the transmission structure, and is used for representing the variation of the phase of the electromagnetic wave in a unit length. By making the propagation constants of the first range and the second range have no overlapping part, it can be realized that when the propagation constant is in the first range, the energy band of the second transmission structure 32 is embodied as a forbidden band in the y direction, and when the propagation constant is in the second range, the energy band of the first transmission structure 31 is embodied as a forbidden band in the y direction, thereby ensuring that both the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32 can transmit electromagnetic waves at corresponding operating frequencies without crosstalk.
In one embodiment, the first transmission structure 31 comprises an air-guided wave structure. So set up, on the one hand can make things convenient for the preparation of electromagnetic wave transmission device, and on the other hand when externally incident medium also is the air, air guided wave structure can form splendid impedance match with externally incident medium to be favorable to promoting the coupling efficiency when the electromagnetic wave jets into first transmission structure 31, and then promote electromagnetic wave transmission device's performance, of course, externally incident medium also can be even dielectric medium such as water, silica, and here only exemplifies with the air. In another embodiment, the first transmission structure 31 comprises a uniform dielectric guided wave structure having a refractive index greater than 1. Wherein the uniform dielectric waveguiding structure can be an isotropic dielectric material, such as silicon, water, etc. Taking silicon as an example, although a silicon waveguide can also be used to block the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the y direction in the adjacent transmission structure, due to impedance mismatch, incident electromagnetic waves are easily reflected at the incident end face of the silicon waveguide, resulting in a decrease in the coupling efficiency of electromagnetic waves.
In one embodiment, the second transmission structure 32 includes a photonic crystal, which is an artificial microstructure formed by periodically arranging media with different refractive indexes.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the photonic crystal includes a plurality of minimal repeating units 320 arranged in an array. Specifically, the minimal repeating units 320 are periodically arranged in both the direction of the preset axis AX and the direction perpendicular to the preset axis AX. The minimal repeating unit 320 includes: a first dielectric material 321; a second dielectric material 322, the second dielectric material 322 disposed within the first dielectric material 321, and a dielectric constant of the second dielectric material 322 different from a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material 321. Preferably, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric material 321 is less than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric material 322.
Taking fig. 4 and 5 as an example, the minimal repeating unit 320 may be a plane symmetrical structure and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric material is smaller than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric material. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the center of the first dielectric material 321 coincides with the center of the second dielectric material 322, and the plane of symmetry of the minimal repeating unit 320 is parallel to the y-direction and passes through the coinciding centers. With the above arrangement, the electromagnetic wave can be more uniform on both the electromagnetic wave incident surface and the electromagnetic wave emitting surface of the minimal repeating unit 320, and by disposing the dielectric material with a higher dielectric constant at the center of the minimal repeating unit 320, the electromagnetic wave can form a stronger electromagnetic resonance mode in the second dielectric material 322 to match the electromagnetic wave in the air, and by disposing the first dielectric material 321 with a lower dielectric constant at both sides of the minimal repeating unit 320, it is advantageous to achieve smooth transition and perfect matching of the resonance modes of the external electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic wave in the second dielectric material 322. As such, it is advantageous to improve the coupling efficiency of the electromagnetic wave in the second transmission structure 32.
Further, the minimum repeating units 320 are arranged in a 5 × 5 array, the length of the first dielectric material 321 in the x direction is a, the length of the second dielectric material 322 in the y direction is 0.6a, and the length of the second dielectric material 322 in the x direction is 0.6a and the length of the second dielectric material in the y direction is 0.4a. Preferably, the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric material 321 may be 1, and the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric material 322 may be 12, and a may be 6mm, so that an iso-frequency plot of the photonic crystal may be obtained through simulation.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, in the iso-frequency graph, the horizontal axis represents the wave vector β (i.e., represents the propagation constant) in the electromagnetic wave propagation direction (i.e., the x direction), and the vertical axis represents the wave vector perpendicular to the electromagnetic wave propagation direction (i.e., the y direction). It can be seen that, when the first transmission structure 31 is an air guided wave structure and the operating frequencies of the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32 are both 14.8GHz, projections of an equal frequency curve (shown by a gray solid line) of the air guided wave structure and an equal frequency curve (shown by a black solid line) of the photonic crystal on a horizontal axis do not have an overlapping portion, so that the electromagnetic waves of the first mode and the electromagnetic waves of the second mode can be transmitted in the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32 without crosstalk, thereby facilitating improvement of the integration level of the electromagnetic wave transmission structure 30. The operation diagrams of the photonic crystal and the air-guiding structure can be seen in fig. 7 (a) and (b).
It is worth mentioning that, along with the proportional variation of the size, the operating frequencies corresponding to the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32 can be correspondingly extended to other bands. Taking the second transmission structure 32 as an example, when a is 6mm, the optimal operating frequency of the second transmission structure 32 is 14.8GHz, and is in the microwave band; when a is 6 μm, the optimal working frequency of the second transmission structure 32 is 14.8THz, which is close to the terahertz band; and when a is 200nm, the optimal operating frequency of the second transmission structure 32 is around 444THz, which is in the visible light band. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave transmission structure of the present invention also has excellent performance suitable for all bands.
In a preferred embodiment, the second transmission structure 32 has a predetermined thickness along the predetermined axis AX, the second transmission structure 32 is further configured to transmit the electromagnetic wave of the third mode, and the first transmission structure 31 is further configured to block the transmission of the electromagnetic wave of the third mode in the direction of the predetermined axis AX. Further, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode has a first range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second mode has a second range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the third mode has a third range, the first range and the second range do not overlap, and the first range and the third range do not overlap.
Specifically, still taking the second transmission structure 32 shown in fig. 4 as an example, please refer to (c) and (e) of fig. 7, wherein the horizontal axis represents the propagation constant and the vertical axis represents the normalized frequency. It can be seen that when the thickness (i.e. the length in the y direction) of the second transmission structure 32 is 4b (b =0.6 a), the second transmission structure 32 transmits electromagnetic waves of one mode, and when the thickness of the second transmission structure 32 is 5b, the second transmission structure 32 can transmit electromagnetic waves of two different modes, it is known that the second transmission structure 32 can transmit electromagnetic waves of multiple modes with the change of the thickness, and further, the electromagnetic waves of the two different modes can be respectively referred to as electromagnetic waves of the second mode and electromagnetic waves of the third mode; correspondingly, referring to fig. 7 (d) and (f), the first transmission structure 31 is an air waveguide, when the thickness of the first transmission structure 31 is 4b, the first transmission structure 31 transmits an electromagnetic wave of a mode, and when the thickness of the first transmission structure 31 is 5b, the first transmission structure 31 still transmits an electromagnetic wave of a mode, which can be referred to as an electromagnetic wave of a first mode. As can be seen from fig. 7 (e) and (f), the range of the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second mode does not overlap with the range of the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode, and the range of the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the third mode does not overlap with the range of the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode.
It should be noted that when the thickness of the first transmission structure 31 is sufficiently thick, for example, the thickness is 10b, the first transmission structure 31 can also transmit electromagnetic waves of other modes, which can be referred to as a fourth mode of electromagnetic waves. At this time, the second transmission structure 32 is also configured to block the transmission of electromagnetic waves of the fourth mode in the direction of the preset axis AX. Further, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the fourth mode has a fourth range, the fourth range does not overlap with the second range, and the fourth range does not overlap with the third range.
The present application also provides a highly integrated electromagnetic wave transmission device according to the above electromagnetic wave transmission structure. The electromagnetic wave transmission device comprises an electromagnetic wave transmission structure 30 as described hereinbefore, wherein each first transmission structure 31 and each second transmission structure 32 are respectively configured to form one channel. Next, the effect of the electromagnetic wave transmission device will be described by a specific experimental example.
As shown in fig. 8, the electromagnetic wave transmission device has a length of 30a in the x direction, and eight channels A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3, A4, and B4 are arranged, wherein the thickness (i.e., the length in the y direction) of each channel may be different, the first transmission structure 31 of the electromagnetic wave transmission device employs an air waveguide, and the second transmission structure 32 employs a photonic crystal as shown in fig. 5. Further, fig. 9A (a) to 9 d (e) respectively show the operation diagrams of the channels A1, B1, A2, and B2 of the electromagnetic wave transmission device, and fig. 9B (e) to 9H (H) respectively show the operation diagrams of the channels A3, B3, A4, and B4 of the electromagnetic wave transmission device, wherein the vertical axis represents the intensity of the electromagnetic wave and the horizontal axis represents the distance between L and H. It can be seen that the experimental result is substantially consistent with the simulation result, each channel can independently transmit the electromagnetic wave to the output end, and the crosstalk phenomenon between adjacent channels does not occur basically.
The electromagnetic wave transmission device makes full use of each channel, avoids the waste of space and materials, and has high integration level and more channels compared with the traditional waveguide array with the same volume; in addition, each channel can transmit the electromagnetic waves incident at different angles with low loss, so that the numerical aperture and the coupling efficiency of the electromagnetic wave transmission device are greatly improved.
The present application also provides another electromagnetic wave transmission device according to the above electromagnetic wave transmission structure. The electromagnetic wave transmission device comprises a plurality of electromagnetic wave transmission structures 30 as described above, wherein at least one transmission structure of the at least one electromagnetic wave transmission structure 30 is a uniform dielectric guided wave structure; at least one bending channel is formed in the electromagnetic wave transmission device, and a bending part of the bending channel comprises a uniform dielectric medium wave guide structure. The material of the uniform dielectric waveguide structure may be air, silicon, water, or the like.
Because the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32 of the invention can realize the electromagnetic wave blocking in the adjacent transmission structures in the y direction, the electromagnetic wave transmission device for realizing the large-angle bending of the electromagnetic wave can be prepared by reasonably arranging the transmission structures, wherein the first transmission structure 31 adopts an air waveguide, and the second transmission structure 32 adopts a photonic crystal waveguide shown in fig. 6. Next, the effect of the electromagnetic wave transmission device is clarified by two specific experimental examples. In the experiment, the electromagnetic wave transmission device is placed on a metal plate, and the metal plate is also pressed above the electromagnetic wave transmission device, so that the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in a structure which can be approximately two-dimensional.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the electromagnetic wave transmission device has three bending channels I1-O1, I2-O2, and I3-O3, each bending channel has a bending angle of 90 °, wherein each bending portion is an air-guided wave structure, and the arrow direction in the figure indicates the transmittable direction of the electromagnetic wave. Fig. 11 (a) to (c) are diagrams respectively showing the operation of each meandering channel of the electromagnetic wave transmission device, wherein the vertical axis represents the electromagnetic wave intensity and the horizontal axis represents the distance between L and H. It can be seen that the experimental result is substantially consistent with the simulation result, each bent channel can still effectively transmit the electromagnetic wave to the output end after being bent at a large angle, and the crosstalk phenomenon between adjacent bent channels is substantially avoided.
The present application also provides still another electromagnetic wave transmission device according to the above electromagnetic wave transmission structure. As shown in fig. 12, the electromagnetic wave transmission device includes I4-O4 channels for enabling electromagnetic waves to transmit through a loop, and includes a plurality of bending angles of 90 °, wherein each bending angle is configured to be an air-guided wave structure, and the arrow direction in the figure indicates a transmissible direction of the electromagnetic waves. Fig. 13 is an operation diagram of the electromagnetic wave transmission device, in which the vertical axis represents the intensity of the electromagnetic wave and the horizontal axis represents the distance between L and H. It can be seen that the experimental result is substantially consistent with the simulation result, and the traverse loop channel can still effectively transmit the electromagnetic wave to the output end after being bent for a plurality of times at large angles.
The application also provides an optical chip according to the electromagnetic wave transmission device. The optical chip may include an electromagnetic wave transmission device as shown in fig. 10 and 12. The respective operating frequencies can be adapted to the infrared or visible wavelength band by adjusting the dimensions of the first transmission structure 31 and the second transmission structure 32.
The optical chip can effectively transmit optical signals to each element located in different directions, and further improves the performance of the optical chip.
All possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. An electromagnetic wave transmission structure, comprising:
the device comprises at least one first transmission structure and at least one second transmission structure, wherein the second transmission structures and the first transmission structures are alternately arranged along a preset axis;
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the first transmission structure is configured to transmit a first mode of electromagnetic waves at its operating frequency, and the second transmission structure is configured to transmit a second mode of electromagnetic waves at its operating frequency;
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the first transmission structure is further configured to block transmission of electromagnetic waves of the second mode in a direction of the preset axis, and the second transmission structure is further configured to block transmission of electromagnetic waves of the first mode in the direction of the preset axis.
2. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein a pitch between the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure that are adjacent to each other is 0.
3. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to claim 1,
the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the first mode has a first range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the second mode has a second range, and the first range and the second range do not overlap.
4. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure of claim 1, wherein the first transmission structure comprises an air guided wave structure.
5. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure of claim 1, wherein the first transmission structure comprises a uniform dielectric guided wave structure having a refractive index greater than 1.
6. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second transmission structure includes a photonic crystal.
7. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to claim 6, wherein the photonic crystal includes a plurality of minimal repeating units arranged in an array, the minimal repeating unit including:
a first dielectric material;
a second dielectric material disposed within the first dielectric material, the second dielectric material having a dielectric constant different from a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material.
8. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to claim 7, wherein the minimum repeating unit is a plane-symmetric structure, and a dielectric constant of the first dielectric material is smaller than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric material.
9. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein the second transmission structure has a predetermined thickness in the direction of the predetermined axis, the second transmission structure is further configured to transmit a third mode of electromagnetic waves, and the first transmission structure is further configured to block the third mode of electromagnetic wave transmission in the direction of the predetermined axis.
10. The electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the first mode has a first range, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the second mode has a second range, and the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave of the third mode has a third range, the first range and the second range being free from overlapping portions, the first range and the third range being free from overlapping portions.
11. An electromagnetic wave transmission device comprising the electromagnetic wave transmission structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each of the first transmission structures and each of the second transmission structures are respectively configured to form one channel.
12. An electromagnetic wave transmission device, comprising:
a plurality of the electromagnetic wave transmission structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least one transmission structure of at least one of the electromagnetic wave transmission structures is a uniform dielectric guided wave structure;
at least one bending channel is formed in the electromagnetic wave transmission device, and the bending part of the bending channel comprises the uniform dielectric medium wave guide structure.
13. An optical chip comprising the electromagnetic wave transmission device according to claim 12.
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