CN115144181B - Bearing multi-dimensional defect detection method and system - Google Patents
Bearing multi-dimensional defect detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of defect detection, in particular to a method and a system for detecting a multi-dimensional defect of a bearing, which determine the offset grade of the bearing by detecting the radial play and the axial play of the bearing, respectively carry out vibration detection on an inner ring and an outer ring of a rolling bearing to generate an outer ring image and an inner ring image, mark peaks in the outer ring image and the inner ring image according to the offset grade, remove part of interference information, screen the marked peaks to improve the identification degree of vibration points, determine whether abnormal peaks exist in the outer ring image and the inner ring image according to the screening result, judge that the vibration is abnormal if the abnormal peaks exist, mark the peaks according to the offset grade to eliminate the interference information generated in the image by part of the bearing play, combine and judge the outer ring image and the inner ring image for comparison, improve the detection precision of the bearing defect and identify the defect with unobvious vibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of defect detection, in particular to a method and a system for detecting multi-dimensional defects of a bearing.
Background
Rolling bearing is one of the most widely used parts in rotary machinery, and is widely applied to important fields such as machining, metallurgy, chemical engineering and aviation, according to statistics, 30% of rotary machinery faults are caused by the rolling bearing, and the rolling bearing fault monitoring and diagnosis are always the key points of the development of the mechanical fault diagnosis technology at home and abroad, and a plurality of detection modes are correspondingly developed, such as an acoustic emission method, a resistance method and a vibration detection method, wherein the most widely applied method is also the vibration detection method;
chinese patent publication No.: CN104251764A discloses a rolling bearing vibration detection device, which includes: the device comprises a bearing vibration measuring unit, a mandrel rotation error measuring unit and a base, wherein the bearing vibration measuring unit and the mandrel rotation error measuring unit are respectively fixedly installed on the base and are positioned on two sides of a mandrel of a rolling bearing to be measured; the spindle rotation error measuring unit comprises a displacement sensor and a two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, the displacement sensor is fixed on the two-dimensional micro-displacement platform, the two-dimensional micro-displacement platform is fixed on the base, and the displacement sensor can move in a translational mode along the radial direction and the vertical direction of a rolling bearing to be measured;
however, the prior art has the following problems,
1. in the prior art, the detection precision of a vibration detection method is poor, the vibration amplitude difference of wave crests in a vibration image correspondingly formed by a rolling bearing with small partial faults is not obvious and is not easy to distinguish, and the influence of a bearing floating clearance on vibration detection is not considered;
2. in the prior art, for the outer side of a rolling bearing with multiple detection functions for vibration detection, vibration detection is not carried out on the inner side of the rolling bearing, in the actual situation, the wave crest difference in the vibration image generated by a part of fault bearings during the outer layer vibration detection is not obvious, but the wave crest vibration amplitude of the image during the inner side detection is correspondingly improved and is easy to distinguish, and the two images are not combined to make comprehensive analysis to judge whether the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration or not.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting a multi-dimensional defect of a bearing, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, controlling a clearance detection device to determine the radial clearance and the axial clearance of a rolling bearing and determining the offset grade of the rolling bearing;
secondly, monitoring the vibration of the outer ring and the inner ring of the rolling bearing by using a vibration detection device, and constructing an outer ring image and an inner ring image;
marking wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image according to the offset grade of the rolling bearing, selecting any one of the outer ring image and the inner ring image, and screening the wave crests in the images according to the comparison between a discrete proportion value P corresponding to the marked wave crests in the images and a preset wave crest proportion contrast parameter; after the screening is finished, the peak in the other image is screened after the preset peak proportion contrast parameter is adjusted according to the screening result,
and after the outer ring image and the inner ring image are screened, judging whether the rolling bearing vibrates abnormally according to the screening result, wherein,
and if the outer ring image and the inner ring image have abnormal wave peaks, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration.
Further, in the first step, the play detection device is controlled to determine the radial play and the axial play of the rolling bearing, and the play parameter C of the rolling bearing is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein C1 represents the radial clearance of the rolling bearing, C10 represents a preset standard radial clearance parameter,
the axial clearance of the rolling bearing is represented, C20 represents a preset standard axial clearance parameter, d represents the inner diameter of the rolling bearing, and d0 represents a preset standard inner diameter parameter of the rolling bearing.
Furthermore, in the first step, the clearance parameter C is compared with a first preset clearance parameter C1 and a second preset clearance parameter C2 to determine the offset level of the rolling bearing, wherein,
when C is larger than or equal to C2, determining the rolling bearing as a first offset grade;
when C1 < C < C2, determining the rolling bearing as a second offset grade;
when C is less than or equal to C1, the rolling bearing is determined as a third offset grade.
Further, in the second step, a vibration detection device is used for monitoring vibration of the outer ring of the rolling bearing, and with time as an x axis and vibration amplitude as a y axis, an image of the change of the vibration amplitude of the rolling bearing along with time within a preset detection time T is constructed and recorded as an outer ring image, and vibration detection is performed on the inner ring of the rolling bearing, and an image of the change of the vibration amplitude of the rolling bearing along with time is constructed and recorded as an inner ring image.
Further, in the third step, after the outer ring image and the inner ring image are monitored and constructed through vibration, the average value H of the wave peak heights in the outer ring image and the inner ring image is calculated, different contrast parameters are selected according to the offset grade of the rolling bearing to mark the wave peaks in the outer ring image and the inner ring image in sequence, wherein,
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H3 in the image;
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H2 in the image;
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H1 in the image;
wherein H1 represents a first height contrast parameter, H2 represents a second height contrast parameter, H3 represents a third height contrast parameter, and H1 < H2 < H3.
Furthermore, in the third step, after the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image are marked, the discrete parameter S of each image is calculated according to the following formula,
where n represents the number of marked peaks,
represents the height of the ith marked peak, and x represents the average of the heights of the marked peaks;
when the discrete parameters S corresponding to the outer ring image and the inner ring image are both larger than or equal to a preset discrete parameter S0, judging that the rolling bearing is abnormal;
and when the discrete parameter S corresponding to the inner ring image is smaller than a preset discrete parameter S0 or/and when the discrete parameter S corresponding to the outer ring image is smaller than a preset discrete parameter S0, judging that the outer ring image and the inner ring image need to be screened.
Further, in the third step, it is determined that the outer ring image and the inner ring image need to be screened, when screening is performed, any one of the outer ring image and the inner ring image is selected, a plurality of boundaries are established on an x coordinate axis of the image, the image is divided into a plurality of segments according to the boundaries, intervals of the boundaries are a preset rotation period T0, an average value Δ H of the marked peak height values in each segment is calculated, a discrete proportion value P of the marked peaks is calculated, P = | H- Δ H |/Δ H, peaks in the image are screened by comparing the discrete proportion value P with a preset peak proportion comparison parameter, wherein,
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, screening out a wave crest with a discrete proportion value P greater than or equal to P1 in each segment in the image;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, screening out a wave crest with a discrete proportion value P more than or equal to P2 in each segment in the image;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, screening out wave crests of which the discrete proportion value P in each segment is more than or equal to P3 in the image;
the preset peak ratio comparison parameters comprise P1, P2 and P3, wherein P1 represents a first peak ratio comparison parameter, P2 represents a second peak ratio comparison parameter, and P3 represents a third peak ratio comparison parameter;
and when the screened wave crests exist in all the segments in the image, judging that the image has abnormal wave crests.
Further, in the third step, after the image is screened, it is determined whether the preset peak ratio comparison parameter needs to be adjusted, the peak in another image is screened after the preset peak ratio comparison parameter is adjusted,
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
when no abnormal peak exists in the screened image, the peak proportion contrast parameter is not adjusted,
when an abnormal peak exists in the screened image, adjusting a peak proportion comparison parameter in another image screening process, wherein,
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, correcting the first peak proportion comparison parameter to P1', and setting P1' = P1-P0 x (P-P1)/P1;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, correcting the second peak proportion comparison parameter to P2', and setting P2' = P2-P0 x (P-P2)/P2;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, correcting the second peak proportion comparison parameter to P3', and setting P3' = P3-P0 x (P-P3)/P3;
if the outer ring image and the inner ring image have abnormal wave peaks, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration;
if the inner ring image or the outer ring image has no abnormal wave crest, judging that the rolling bearing has no abnormal vibration;
if the inner ring image has no abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has abnormal wave crest or the inner ring image has abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has no abnormal wave crest, carrying out secondary vibration detection on the rolling bearing, wherein,
if the inner ring image has no abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has the abnormal wave crest, increasing the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during vibration detection and carrying out inner ring detection on the inner ring of the rolling bearing again;
and if the inner ring image has abnormal wave peaks and the outer ring image does not have abnormal wave peaks, increasing the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during vibration detection and carrying out outer ring detection on the outer ring of the rolling bearing again.
Further, in the third step, after the rolling bearing is secondarily detected, an inner ring image or an outer ring image is generated, the wave crest in the image is marked, the wave crest is screened after the marking,
if the screened wave crest exists, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration,
and if the screened wave crest does not exist, judging that the rolling bearing does not have vibration abnormality.
The invention provides a bearing multi-dimensional defect detection system applied to the method, which comprises the following steps:
a backlash detecting device for detecting an axial backlash and a radial backlash of the rolling bearing;
the vibration detection device comprises an inner ring fixing shaft, an outer ring fixing clamp, a first vibration detection unit and a second vibration detection unit, wherein the inner ring fixing shaft and the outer ring fixing clamp are connected with the motor so that the motor drives the inner ring fixing shaft and the outer ring fixing shaft to rotate; the first vibration detection unit is arranged on one side of the inner ring fixing shaft so as to be in contact with a rolling bearing fixed on the inner ring fixing shaft for vibration detection;
the second vibration detection unit is arranged on one side of the outer ring fixing clamp so as to enable the second vibration detection unit to be in contact with a rolling bearing fixed on the outer ring fixing clamp for vibration detection;
and the central control processor is connected with the play detection device and the vibration detection device and completes data exchange so as to receive play information of the rolling bearing monitored by the play detection device and vibration information sent by a vibration detection unit in the vibration detection device.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the radial play and the axial play of the bearing are detected, the bearing offset grade is determined, the inner ring and the outer ring of the rolling bearing are respectively subjected to vibration detection, an outer ring image and an inner ring image are generated, the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image are marked according to the offset grade, part of interference information is removed, the marked wave crests are screened, the contrast parameters in the screening process of the other image are adjusted according to the screening result of a single image, the identification degree of a vibration point is improved, whether abnormal wave crests exist in the outer ring image and the inner ring image or not is determined according to the screening result, if abnormal wave crests exist, the abnormal wave crests are determined to be abnormal in vibration, the interference information generated in the image by part of the bearing play is eliminated, the outer ring image and the inner ring image are combined and determined for comparison, the defect detection precision of the bearing is improved, and the defect of unclear vibration can be identified.
Particularly, the axial clearance and the radial clearance of the rolling bearing are detected, the clearance parameters are set, the clearance of the rolling bearing is measured according to the size of the clearance of a standard rolling bearing, in an actual situation, the clearance of the rolling bearing can influence a vibration image formed in vibration detection, the height and the width of a corresponding wave crest of the rolling bearing can be influenced, particularly, the height of the corresponding wave crest of the rolling bearing with a part of large moving clearance can be larger, and thus the wave crest formed by part of faults is not obvious and is not easy to identify.
In particular, the inner ring and the outer ring of the rolling bearing are detected to form an outer ring image and an inner ring image correspondingly, in an actual situation, only the outer ring is subjected to vibration detection, only one surface is subjected to detection, partial fault vibration is not obvious, and the fault vibration on the other surface is easy to identify instead when the fault vibration on one surface is not easy to identify, so that the inner ring detection and the outer ring detection are combined to analyze the generated image, the reliability of judgment is improved, and the fault situation with small vibration amplitude can be identified.
Particularly, the invention calculates discrete parameters for the marked wave crest, directly judges that no fault exists if the discrete parameters corresponding to the outer ring image and the inner ring image are smaller according to the standard discrete degree, and then carries out subsequent screening judgment if the discrete parameters are larger, thereby reducing the calculated amount and improving the detection efficiency.
Particularly, the marked wave crests are screened, the preset wave crest proportion comparison parameter selected during screening of another image is adjusted according to the screening result of the selected single image in the process, and the difference between the fault wave crest and other wave crests is smaller under the fault condition which is difficult to identify, so that when the fault wave crest is identified by any image, the precision of identifying the fault wave crest is properly increased when another image is added by adjusting the preset wave crest proportion comparison parameter, the identification capability of fine faults of the rolling bearing is improved, and the accuracy and the reliability of identifying the fault faults are improved.
Particularly, according to the invention, when a single image has an abnormal peak and the other image has no abnormal peak, secondary detection is carried out according to a detection mode corresponding to the absence of the abnormal peak, and the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during detection is increased, so that the peak corresponding to the defect is more shown in the image, and the accuracy and the reliability of fault defect identification are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of steps of a multi-dimensional defect detection method for a bearing according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vibration image according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-dimensional defect detection system for a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1: second vibration detection unit, 2: rolling bearing, 3: outer lane mounting fixture, 4: rotating base, 5: first vibration detection unit, 6: and the inner ring is fixed on the shaft.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described below with reference to examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing steps of a multi-dimensional defect detection method for a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-dimensional defect detection method for a bearing according to the present invention includes:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, controlling a clearance detection device to determine the radial clearance and the axial clearance of a rolling bearing and determining the offset grade of the rolling bearing;
secondly, monitoring the vibration of the outer ring and the inner ring of the rolling bearing by using a vibration detection device, and constructing an outer ring image and an inner ring image;
marking wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image according to the offset grade of the rolling bearing, selecting any one of the outer ring image and the inner ring image, and screening the wave crests in the image by comparing a discrete proportion value P corresponding to the marked wave crests in the image with a preset wave crest proportion contrast parameter; after the screening is finished, the preset peak proportion contrast parameter is adjusted according to the screening result, and then the peak in the other image is screened,
and judging whether the rolling bearing vibrates abnormally according to a screening result after the outer ring image and the inner ring image are screened, wherein,
and if the outer ring image and the inner ring image have abnormal wave peaks, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration.
Further, in the first step, the play detection device is controlled to determine the radial play and the axial play of the rolling bearing, and the play parameter C of the rolling bearing is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein C1 represents the radial play of the rolling bearing, C10 represents a preset standard radial play parameter,
the axial clearance of the rolling bearing is represented, C20 represents a preset standard axial clearance parameter, d represents the inner diameter of the rolling bearing, and d0 represents a preset standard inner diameter parameter of the rolling bearing.
Specifically, in the first step, the clearance parameter C is compared with a first preset clearance parameter C1 and a second preset clearance parameter C2 to determine the offset level of the rolling bearing,
when C is larger than or equal to C2, determining the rolling bearing as a first offset grade;
when C1 < C < C2, determining the rolling bearing as a second offset grade;
when C is less than or equal to C1, the rolling bearing is determined as a third offset grade.
Specifically, the axial clearance and the radial clearance of the rolling bearing are detected, clearance parameters are set, the clearance of the rolling bearing is measured according to the standard clearance of the rolling bearing, in an actual situation, the clearance of the rolling bearing can affect a vibration image formed in vibration detection, the height and the width of a corresponding wave crest of the rolling bearing can be affected, especially for the rolling bearing with a large part of moving clearance, the height of the corresponding wave crest can be large, and thus the wave crest formed by part of faults is not obvious and is not easy to identify.
Referring to fig. 2, specifically, in the second step, a vibration detection device is used to monitor vibration of an outer ring of the rolling bearing, and with time as an x-axis and vibration amplitude as a Y-axis, an image of the vibration amplitude of the rolling bearing changing with time within a preset detection time T is constructed and recorded as an outer ring image, and vibration detection is performed on an inner ring of the rolling bearing, an image of the vibration amplitude of the rolling bearing changing with time is constructed and recorded as an inner ring image, and in the image, due to the characteristics of vibration, a plurality of peaks are inevitably generated in the Y-axis direction.
Specifically, the inner ring and the outer ring of the rolling bearing are detected to form an outer ring image and an inner ring image correspondingly, in an actual situation, only the outer ring is subjected to vibration detection, only one surface is subjected to detection, the situation that part of fault vibration is not obvious is not easy to identify, and the fault vibration on the other surface is easy to identify instead when the fault vibration on one surface is not easy to identify, so that the inner ring detection and the outer ring detection are combined, the generated image is analyzed, the judgment reliability is improved, and the fault situation with small vibration amplitude can be identified.
Specifically, in the third step, after the outer ring image and the inner ring image are monitored and constructed through vibration, the average value H of the heights of the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image is calculated, different contrast parameters are selected according to the offset grade of the rolling bearing, and the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image are sequentially marked, wherein,
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H3 in the image;
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H2 in the image;
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H1 in the image;
wherein H1 represents a first height contrast parameter, H2 represents a second height contrast parameter, H3 represents a third height contrast parameter, and H1 < H2 < H3.
Specifically, in the third step, after the wave peaks in the outer ring image and the inner ring image are marked, the discrete parameter S of each image is calculated according to the following formula,
where n represents the number of marked peaks,
represents the height of the ith marked peak, and x represents the average of the heights of the marked peaks;
when the discrete parameters S corresponding to the outer ring image and the inner ring image are both larger than or equal to a preset discrete parameter S0, judging that the rolling bearing is abnormal;
and when the discrete parameter S corresponding to the inner ring image is smaller than a preset discrete parameter S0 or/and when the discrete parameter S corresponding to the outer ring image is smaller than the preset discrete parameter S0, judging that the outer ring image and the inner ring image need to be screened.
Specifically, the discrete parameters are calculated for the marked wave crests, and according to the standard discrete degree, if the discrete parameters corresponding to the outer ring image and the inner ring image are smaller, the fault is directly judged, and if the discrete parameters are larger, the subsequent screening judgment is carried out, so that the calculated amount is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved.
Specifically, in the third step, it is determined that an outer ring image and an inner ring image need to be screened, when screening is performed, any one of the outer ring image and the inner ring image is selected, a plurality of boundaries are established on an x coordinate axis of the image, the image is divided into a plurality of segments according to the boundaries, the intervals of the boundaries are a preset rotation period T0, an average value Δ H of the height values of the marked peaks in each segment is calculated, a discrete proportion value P, P = | H- Δ H |/Δ H of the marked peaks is calculated, peaks in the image are screened by comparing the discrete proportion value P with a preset peak proportion comparison parameter, wherein,
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, screening out wave crests of which the discrete proportion value P in each segment is more than or equal to P1 in the image;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, screening out a wave crest with a discrete proportion value P more than or equal to P2 in each segment in the image;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, screening out wave crests of which the discrete proportion value P in each segment is more than or equal to P3 in the image;
the preset peak ratio comparison parameters comprise P1, P2 and P3, wherein P1 represents a first peak ratio comparison parameter, P2 represents a second peak ratio comparison parameter, and P3 represents a third peak ratio comparison parameter;
and when the screened wave crests exist in all the segments in the image, judging that the image has abnormal wave crests.
Specifically, the marked wave crests are screened, the preset wave crest proportion comparison parameter selected during screening of another image is adjusted according to the screening result of the selected single image in the process, and the difference degree between the fault wave crest and other wave crests is smaller under the fault condition which is difficult to identify, so that when the fault wave crest is identified by any image, the precision of identifying the fault wave crest is properly increased when another image is added by adjusting the preset wave crest proportion comparison parameter, the identification capability of fine faults of the rolling bearing is improved, and the accuracy and the reliability of identifying the fault faults are improved.
Specifically, in the third step, after the image is screened, it is determined whether the preset peak ratio comparison parameter needs to be adjusted, the preset peak ratio comparison parameter is adjusted, and then the peak in another image is screened,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when no abnormal peak exists in the screened image, the peak ratio contrast parameter is not adjusted,
when an abnormal peak exists in the screened image, adjusting a peak proportion contrast parameter in the screening process of another image, wherein,
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, correcting the first peak proportion comparison parameter to P1', and setting P1' = P1-P0 x (P-P1)/P1;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, correcting the second peak proportion comparison parameter to P2', and setting P2' = P2-P0 x (P-P2)/P2;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, correcting the second peak proportion comparison parameter to P3', and setting P3' = P3-P0 x (P-P3)/P3;
if the outer ring image and the inner ring image have abnormal wave peaks, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration;
if the inner ring image or the outer ring image has no abnormal wave crest, judging that the rolling bearing has no abnormal vibration;
if the inner ring image has no abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has abnormal wave crest or the inner ring image has abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has no abnormal wave crest, carrying out secondary vibration detection on the rolling bearing, wherein,
if the inner ring image has no abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has abnormal wave crest, increasing the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during vibration detection and carrying out inner ring detection on the inner ring of the rolling bearing again;
if the inner ring image has abnormal wave peaks and the outer ring image does not have abnormal wave peaks, increasing the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during vibration detection and carrying out outer ring detection on the outer ring of the rolling bearing again;
when the rotation speed of the rolling bearing is increased, the rotation speed is increased to 1.3-1.5 times of the original rotation speed, and the increase mode of the rotation speed is realized by adjusting the rotation speed of an inner ring fixed shaft in the vibration detection device and the rotation speed of an outer ring fixed clamp.
Specifically, in the third step, after the rolling bearing is secondarily detected, an inner ring image or an outer ring image is generated, the wave crests in the image are marked, the wave crests are screened after the marking,
if the screened wave crest exists, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration,
and if the screened wave crest does not exist, judging that the rolling bearing does not have vibration abnormality.
Specifically, according to the invention, when a single image has an abnormal peak and the other image has no abnormal peak, secondary detection is carried out according to a detection mode corresponding to the absence of the abnormal peak, and the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during detection is increased, so that the peak corresponding to the defect is more visible in the image, and the accuracy and reliability of fault defect identification are further improved.
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention provides a system for detecting a multi-dimensional defect of a bearing, which is applied to the method, and comprises:
a play detection device for detecting an axial play and a radial play of the rolling bearing 2;
the vibration detection device comprises an inner ring fixing shaft 6, an outer ring fixing clamp 3, a first vibration detection unit 5 and a second vibration detection unit 1, wherein the inner ring fixing shaft and the outer ring fixing clamp are connected with a motor so that the motor drives the inner ring fixing shaft and the outer ring fixing shaft to rotate; the first vibration detection unit is arranged on one side of the inner ring fixing shaft so as to be in contact with a rolling bearing fixed on the inner ring fixing shaft for vibration detection;
the second vibration detection unit is arranged on one side of the outer ring fixing clamp so as to enable the second vibration detection unit to be in contact with a rolling bearing fixed on the outer ring fixing clamp for vibration detection;
and the central control processor is connected with the play detection device and the vibration detection device and completes data exchange so as to receive play information of the rolling bearing monitored by the play detection device and vibration information sent by a vibration detection unit in the vibration detection device.
Specifically, the central control processor may be an external computer, and is configured to obtain vibration information sent by a vibration detection unit in the vibration detection device, generate an inner ring image and an outer ring image correspondingly, and mark and screen the outer ring image and a peak in the inner ring image according to the method provided by the present invention; and determines whether a vibration failure occurs in the rolling bearing.
Particularly, outer lane mounting fixture bottom is provided with rotating base 4, rotating base is connected with the motor, with the drive rotating base is rotatory and then drives outer lane mounting fixture is rotatory, and its middle part is provided with circular recess, in order to block antifriction bearing's outer lane, second vibration detecting element sets up on the extension rod, in order to adjust second detecting element's detection position carries out the inner circle vibration and detects time measuring, outer lane mounting fixture drives antifriction bearing rotates, uses second vibration detecting element right antifriction bearing's inner circle contacts, detects antifriction bearing's vibration volume.
Specifically, the first vibration detection unit is arranged on a fixed rod, the inner ring fixing shaft is connected with a motor to drive the inner ring fixing shaft to rotate, the inner ring fixing shaft can be sleeved into an inner ring of the rolling bearing to fix the rolling bearing and drive the rolling bearing to rotate, when outer ring vibration detection is carried out, the inner ring fixing shaft rotates to drive the rolling bearing to rotate, and the first vibration detection unit is contacted with an outer ring of the rolling bearing to detect the vibration quantity of the rolling bearing;
specifically, the play detection device is a mature prior art, and the invention is not particularly limited, and only can detect the radial play and the axial play of the rolling bearing.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A bearing multi-dimensional defect detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, controlling a clearance detection device to determine the radial clearance and the axial clearance of a rolling bearing and determining the offset grade of the rolling bearing;
secondly, monitoring the vibration of the outer ring and the inner ring of the rolling bearing by using a vibration detection device, and constructing an outer ring image and an inner ring image;
marking wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image according to the offset grade of the rolling bearing, selecting any one of the outer ring image and the inner ring image, and screening the wave crests in the images according to the comparison between a discrete proportion value P corresponding to the marked wave crests in the images and a preset wave crest proportion contrast parameter; after the screening is finished, the preset peak proportion contrast parameter is adjusted according to the screening result, and then the peak in the other image is screened,
and judging whether the rolling bearing vibrates abnormally according to a screening result after the outer ring image and the inner ring image are screened, wherein,
if the outer ring image and the inner ring image have abnormal wave peaks, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration;
in the third step, after vibration monitoring and construction of the outer ring image and the inner ring image, calculating an average value H of the heights of the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image, selecting different contrast parameters according to the offset grade of the rolling bearing, and marking the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image in turn, wherein,
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H3 in the image;
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H2 in the image;
when the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, marking a peak value with the peak value height larger than H + H1 in the image;
wherein H1 represents a first height contrast parameter, H2 represents a second height contrast parameter, H3 represents a third height contrast parameter, and H1 < H2 < H3;
in the third step, after the wave crests in the outer ring image and the inner ring image are marked, the discrete parameter S of each image is calculated according to the following formula,
where n represents the number of marked peaks,
represents the height of the ith marked peak, and x represents the average of the heights of the marked peaks;
when the discrete parameters S corresponding to the outer ring image and the inner ring image are both larger than or equal to a preset discrete parameter S0, judging that the rolling bearing is abnormal;
when the discrete parameter S corresponding to the inner ring image is smaller than a preset discrete parameter S0 or/and when the discrete parameter S corresponding to the outer ring image is smaller than a preset discrete parameter S0, judging that the outer ring image and the inner ring image need to be screened;
in the third step, it is determined that the outer ring image and the inner ring image need to be screened, when screening is performed, any one image is selected from the outer ring image and the inner ring image, a plurality of boundaries are established on an x coordinate axis of the image, the image is divided into a plurality of segments according to the boundaries, the intervals of the boundaries are a preset rotation period T0, an average value delta H of the height values of the marked wave peaks in each segment is calculated, a discrete proportion value P of the marked wave peaks is calculated, P = | H-delta H |/delta H, the wave peaks in the image are screened by comparing the discrete proportion value P with a preset wave peak proportion comparison parameter, wherein,
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, screening out wave crests of which the discrete proportion value P in each segment is more than or equal to P1 in the image;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, screening out wave crests of which the discrete proportion value P in each segment is more than or equal to P2 in the image;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, screening out wave crests of which the discrete proportion value P in each segment is more than or equal to P3 in the image;
the preset peak ratio comparison parameters comprise P1, P2 and P3, wherein P1 represents a first peak ratio comparison parameter, P2 represents a second peak ratio comparison parameter, and P3 represents a third peak ratio comparison parameter;
when the screened wave crests exist in all the segments in the image, judging that abnormal wave crests exist in the image;
in the third step, after the image is screened, whether the preset peak ratio comparison parameter needs to be adjusted is judged, the peak in another image is screened after the preset peak ratio comparison parameter is adjusted,
wherein, when an abnormal peak exists in the screened image, the peak proportion contrast parameter in the screening process of another image is adjusted, wherein,
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a first offset grade, correcting the first peak proportion comparison parameter to P1', and setting P1' = P1-P0 x (P-P1)/P1;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a second offset grade, correcting the second peak proportion comparison parameter to P2', and setting P2' = P2-P0 x (P-P2)/P2;
if the offset grade of the rolling bearing is a third offset grade, correcting the second peak proportion comparison parameter to P3', and setting P3' = P3-P0 x (P-P3)/P3;
if the outer ring image and the inner ring image have abnormal wave peaks, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration;
if the inner ring image or the outer ring image has no abnormal wave crest, judging that the rolling bearing has no abnormal vibration;
if the inner ring image has no abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has abnormal wave crest or the inner ring image has abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has no abnormal wave crest, carrying out secondary vibration detection on the rolling bearing, wherein,
if the inner ring image has no abnormal wave crest and the outer ring image has the abnormal wave crest, increasing the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during vibration detection and carrying out inner ring detection on the inner ring of the rolling bearing again;
and if the abnormal wave crest exists in the inner ring image and the abnormal wave crest does not exist in the outer ring image, increasing the rotation speed of the rolling bearing during vibration detection and carrying out outer ring detection on the outer ring of the rolling bearing again.
2. The method for detecting the multi-dimensional defects of the bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the play detection device is controlled to determine the radial play and the axial play of the rolling bearing, and the play parameter C of the rolling bearing is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein C1 represents the radial play of the rolling bearing, C10 represents a preset standard radial play parameter,
the axial clearance of the rolling bearing is represented, C20 represents a preset standard axial clearance parameter, d represents the inner diameter of the rolling bearing, and d0 represents a preset standard inner diameter parameter of the rolling bearing.
3. The method for detecting the multi-dimensional defect of the bearing according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the clearance parameter C is compared with a first preset clearance parameter C1 and a second preset clearance parameter C2 to determine the offset level of the rolling bearing, wherein,
when C is larger than or equal to C2, determining the rolling bearing as a first offset grade;
when C1 < C < C2, determining the rolling bearing as a second offset grade;
when C is less than or equal to C1, the rolling bearing is determined as a third offset grade.
4. The method for detecting the multi-dimensional defects of the bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, a vibration detection device is used for monitoring vibration of an outer ring of the rolling bearing, an image of the vibration amplitude of the rolling bearing changing with time within a preset detection time T is constructed by taking time as an x axis and the vibration amplitude as a y axis and is recorded as an outer ring image, and vibration detection is performed on an inner ring of the rolling bearing, and an image of the vibration amplitude of the rolling bearing changing with time is constructed and is recorded as an inner ring image.
5. The method for detecting the multi-dimensional defects of the bearing according to claim 4, wherein in the third step, after the rolling bearing is secondarily detected, an inner ring image or an outer ring image is generated, the wave crests in the image are marked, and the wave crests are screened after the marking,
if the screened wave crest exists, judging that the rolling bearing has abnormal vibration,
and if the screened wave crest does not exist, judging that the rolling bearing does not have vibration abnormality.
6. A bearing multi-dimensional defect detection system applied to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
a clearance detection device for detecting an axial clearance and a radial clearance of the rolling bearing;
the vibration detection device comprises an inner ring fixing shaft, an outer ring fixing clamp, a first vibration detection unit and a second vibration detection unit, wherein the inner ring fixing shaft and the outer ring fixing clamp are connected with the motor so that the motor drives the inner ring fixing shaft and the outer ring fixing shaft to rotate; the first vibration detection unit is arranged on one side of the inner ring fixing shaft so as to be in contact with a rolling bearing fixed on the inner ring fixing shaft for vibration detection;
the second vibration detection unit is arranged on one side of the outer ring fixing clamp so as to enable the second vibration detection unit to be in contact with a rolling bearing fixed on the outer ring fixing clamp for vibration detection;
and the central control processor is connected with the play detection device and the vibration detection device and completes data exchange so as to receive play information of the rolling bearing monitored by the play detection device and vibration information sent by a vibration detection unit in the vibration detection device.
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| CN116026598B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-07-14 | 山东梁轴科创有限公司 | Bearing vibration detecting system |
| CN117647189B (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-12 | 成都工业职业技术学院 | Method and system for detecting radial clearance of horizontal bearing |
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Denomination of invention: A Multidimensional Defect Detection Method and System for Bearings Effective date of registration: 20231122 Granted publication date: 20221111 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Liangshan sub branch Pledgor: Shandong Liangzhou Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980066934 |
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