CN115144111A - Soil expansive force testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Soil expansive force testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115144111A CN115144111A CN202210259352.3A CN202210259352A CN115144111A CN 115144111 A CN115144111 A CN 115144111A CN 202210259352 A CN202210259352 A CN 202210259352A CN 115144111 A CN115144111 A CN 115144111A
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- soil
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- soil sample
- consolidation container
- connecting rod
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering tests, and discloses a soil expansive force testing device, which is characterized in that: including the lift base be provided with the crossbeam directly over the lift base be provided with the connecting rod that extends towards the lift base on the crossbeam, the free end of connecting rod links to each other with pressure sensor, pressure sensor's sense terminal links to each other with one side of loading dish, the opposite side of loading dish contacts with the waiting soil sample of examining in the consolidation container, the consolidation container sets up on the lift port of lift base, pressure sensor links to each other with the data acquisition appearance, the data acquisition appearance is used for real-time recording pressure sensor's detection data, pressure sensor is used for real-time detection to examine the produced pressure of soil sample inflation, the lift base is used for driving the consolidation container to the direction motion of being close to or keeping away from the loading dish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering tests, and particularly relates to a soil expansive force testing device and a testing method.
Background
With the continuous development of the field of geotechnical engineering, the soil body measuring technology of geotechnical engineering also needs to be more accurate and more convenient. In geotechnical engineering, the expansive force is one of important indexes for embodying the mechanical property of the soil body, and the expansive force of the soil body is closely related to foundation settlement, slope stability and the like, so that a more accurate measuring mode and a measuring device are very important. As the existing geotechnical test methods are mostly proposed by 'geotechnical test method Standard' (GBT 50123-2019), and most of test instruments are traditional consolidators, the precision of measured experimental data is low, and the test is difficult, and with the development of scientific technology, an automatic measurement method becomes more important.
The test method used in the current specification has long and complex test process, and is easily affected by human factors, so that the data reproducibility and repeatability are poor; in addition, the test efficiency is reduced by a complex loading process (generally, repeated loading is needed for dozens of times), the volume fluctuation of the soil body is easily caused, the structure of the soil body is changed, and the accuracy of the measured expansive force is influenced, so that part of testers do not strictly test according to the standard, the next level of load is applied when the sample is not expanded completely, and the measurement error of the expansive force of the soil is caused.
Therefore, a more convenient, accurate and efficient soil expansion rate test method is required to replace the traditional test method so as to ensure the accuracy of the relevant test data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soil expansive force testing device and a testing method, which only need to make a cutting ring sample, place the cutting ring sample in a consolidation container, adjust the height of the consolidation container through a lifting base to enable the soil sample to be detected to be in contact with a loading disc, directly output data through a data acquisition instrument, and omit the steps of repeated loading, data recording, data processing and the like in the traditional testing method.
The invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a soil expansibility testing arrangement, includes the lift base be provided with the crossbeam directly over the lift base be provided with the connecting rod that extends towards the lift base on the crossbeam, the free end of connecting rod links to each other with pressure sensor, pressure sensor's sense terminal links to each other with one side of loading dish, the opposite side of loading dish contacts with the waiting soil sample of examining in the consolidation container, the consolidation container sets up on the lift port of lift base, pressure sensor links to each other with the data acquisition appearance, the data acquisition appearance is used for real-time recording pressure sensor's detection data, pressure sensor is used for real-time detection to examine the produced pressure of soil sample inflation, the lift base is used for driving the consolidation container to the direction motion of being close to or keeping away from the loading dish.
Further, the connecting rod, the loading disc and the center line of the soil sample to be detected are overlapped.
Furthermore, the connecting rod is arranged in the center of the cross beam, and the free end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the pressure sensor, and the loading disc is in threaded connection with the pressure sensor.
A method for testing the soil expansion force testing device comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a soil sample to be detected according to a soil test standard, putting the soil sample into a consolidation container, and then placing the consolidation container on a lifting port of a lifting base;
step two, adjusting the height of the consolidation container through the lifting base to enable the soil sample to be detected in the consolidation container to be in contact with the loading disc;
and thirdly, adding water into the consolidation container to enable the soil sample to be detected to fully absorb water and expand, and recording the detection data of the pressure sensor in real time through a data acquisition instrument.
And further, adding water into the consolidation container to ensure that the water overflows 4-6 mm of the soil sample to be detected, and observing the recorded data of the data acquisition instrument after the soil sample is fully swelled for 2 hours.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the operation is simple and accurate, and the data recording is convenient.
2. Through pressure sensor, adjust the height of lift base to and change the cutting ring of different diameters, can satisfy the soil expansibility test demand in different areas.
3. The detection data can be directly observed by a data acquisition instrument, and the step of formula conversion in the traditional test method is omitted.
4. Compared with the process of inhibiting soil expansion by applying load in stages in the traditional test mode, the device and the method limit the expansion of the sample at the initial test, ensure that the soil structure of the sample is not changed in the expansion process, have more accurate measurement effect and are simpler and more convenient to test.
5. Compared with the traditional test method, the method based on the test device is a full-automatic measurement and acquisition technology, omits the processes of manual operation and repeated reading and recording in the traditional test method, and can acquire a larger amount of data than the traditional method.
6. The method eliminates the exertion of soil expansion potential energy caused by untimely application or excessive application of a balance load, thereby improving the accuracy of the test and eliminating the difficulty in conventional operation.
7. In the traditional test method, a load is required to be continuously and repeatedly applied in the soil expansion process to keep the soil sample at the initial height, and based on the method disclosed by the invention, the height of the soil sample to be tested can be limited by the loading disc at the beginning stage of the test, so that the volume of the sample is not changed in the whole test process, and the test requirement in the standard of soil test methods (GBT 50123-2019) is met.
8. In the traditional test method, the micro load cannot be applied in the repeated loading stage, so that the soil sample is difficult to keep at the initial height all the time in the loading process.
9. Compared with the traditional soil testing device, the method is not based on a soil consolidometer used in the traditional measuring method for testing, the lifting base, the cross beam and other components can be improved based on a triaxial test, and a novel testing method and a novel testing device are provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a loading tray of the testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of a consolidated vessel of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the overall testing method of the present invention;
the device comprises a lifting base 1, a cross beam 2, a connecting rod 3, a pressure sensor 4, a loading disc 5, a consolidation container 6, a cutting ring cover 61, a base 62, a small permeable stone 63, a basin 64, a large permeable stone 65 and a data acquisition instrument 7.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Currently, the standard of geotechnical test methods (GBT 50123-2019) provides that the expansion force and the expansion rate of a soil body are measured by a loading balance method. During the test, a pre-pressure of 1KPa is applied to make the sample contact with each part of the instrument, a dial indicator is installed, the position of the indicator is adjusted, the initial reading is recorded, pure water is injected into the container from bottom to top, the water level is kept 5mm higher than the sample, the sample begins to expand, when the expansion amount is not more than 0.01mm, a balance load is applied to make the indicator of the gauge still point to the initial reading, and the impact force is avoided when the load is applied. When the balanced load is enough to generate the deformation of the instrument, when the next balanced load is added, the gauge points to the deformation position of the instrument corresponding to the previous balanced load, until the sample does not expand any more at a certain level of balanced load at an interval of 2h, the sample is stable under the level of load, the allowable expansion amount is not more than 0.01mm, the applied load is recorded as the expansion force, the test process is long, and the test efficiency is low, as shown in fig. 1-3. Like this, just inject the volume of examining the soil sample through consolidating the container at the beginning of the test, owing to examine the water absorption expansion of examining the soil sample and can produce pressure to the loading dish of contact with it, borrow the pressure sensor who is connected with it and detect, the rethread data acquisition appearance shows to can realize the automatic detection of soil expansive force, detection efficiency is high, low cost, uses extensively.
Specifically, the measuring device used by the invention can be obtained by modifying a civil strain type triaxial apparatus, the structures such as a force measuring ring and a pressure chamber of the traditional civil strain type triaxial apparatus are removed, a bearing platform base is kept to be equivalent to a lifting base and a cross beam, a pressure sensor is installed at the removing position through a connecting rod, a loading disc is installed at the lower part of the pressure sensor through a bolt hole, the specific structure of the loading disc is shown in figure 2, and meanwhile, the pressure sensor is connected with a data acquisition instrument through a connecting wire, so that data can be acquired in real time through an actual acquisition instrument. Considering the lifting capability of the bearing platform base, namely the lifting base, a stainless steel gasket can be placed on the bearing platform base, an initial loading height is provided for the tested soil sample to be detected, and then a consolidation container is placed on the stainless steel gasket so as to place the soil sample to be detected.
In order to guarantee the testing precision, the connecting rod, the loading disc and the central line of the soil sample to be tested are overlapped to ensure smooth force transmission, meanwhile, the connecting rod is arranged in the center of the cross beam, the free end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the pressure sensor, and the loading disc and the pressure sensor are in threaded connection, so that the testing precision is convenient to maintain.
The loading disc in the device consists of a loading rod and a disc, the size of the disc is consistent with the size of the soil sample to be detected, or the size of the position for placing the soil sample to be detected in the consolidation container, so that the surface of the whole soil sample to be detected can be covered. The pressure sensor adopts the pressure sensor with the detection end provided with threads and the installation part also provided with threads, and is conveniently connected with the loading disc and the connecting rod through the threads.
This consolidation container 6 mainly has five parts to constitute, is cutting ring lid 61, base 62, little permeable stone 63, basin 64 and big permeable stone 65 respectively, when using, places big permeable stone in advance in the base lower part to place the soil sample that has the cutting ring on big permeable stone, later place little permeable stone and cutting ring lid on the soil sample, add water to the device through the clearance of base and basin, make soil inflation. The expansion of the soil is limited by the upper loading disc, and the expansion force of the collected soil sample can be implemented.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention further provides a testing method of the soil expansive force testing device, which comprises the following steps:
before the start of the test:
i, dismantling part of the structure of the original instrument: a screwdriver and a wrench are used for taking down a force measuring ring and a dial indicator which are connected with a cross beam on a common strain type triaxial tester in the geotechnical test, and then a pressure chamber device on the strain type triaxial tester is dismantled.
And II, replacing a soil expansion testing instrument: fix pressure sensor in strain-type triaxial tester crossbeam below through the connecting rod, with the stainless steel loading dish that has the bolt of customization be connected to the pressure sensor below, place the stainless steel backing plate of the high 50mm of customization on the bearing sill table, according to soil dilatometer height, the lift knob on the regulation control panel reaches suitable height to reserve the space of placing soil dilatometer.
In the case of official test:
firstly, manufacturing a soil sample to be detected according to a soil test standard, putting the soil sample into a consolidation container, and then placing the consolidation container on a lifting port of a lifting base;
i, preparing a soil sample of an area to be tested, drying the soil for 24 hours, sieving the soil through a 0.5mm sieve according to the requirements of soil engineering test method standard (GBT 50123-2019), and preparing the sieved soil sample into a water content sample required by the test;
II, after the water content sample is prepared, stewing for 8-12 hours, then measuring the real water content, and taking the prepared water content as the actual water content when the error between the real water content and the prepared water content is not more than 1%, or taking the real water content as the actual water content;
III, according to the actual water content and the dry density required by the test, calculating the soil mass required by the pressed sample, weighing the soil with the mass, pressing the soil into a cutting ring sample with the diameter of 61.8mm or 79.8mm, and placing the cutting ring sample into a consolidation container;
step two, adjusting the height of the consolidation container through the lifting base to enable the soil sample to be detected in the consolidation container to be in contact with the loading disc;
placing the consolidation container filled with the soil sample to be detected, namely a cutting ring sample, on the bearing base, and adjusting a lifting button on the control panel to fix the consolidation container between the bearing base and the loading disc without shaking left and right, and ensuring that the volume of the soil sample to be detected is always the initial height in the test process;
and thirdly, adding water into the consolidation container to enable the soil sample to be detected to fully absorb water and expand, and recording the detection data of the pressure sensor in real time through a data acquisition instrument.
When the reading on the data acquisition instrument is stable, adding purified water into the soil expansion instrument, and ensuring that the purified water is 5mm across the sample, so that the soil sample in the soil expansion instrument fully absorbs water and expands; after the expansion is carried out for 2 hours, observing a load curve on the data acquisition instrument, if the curve tends to be gentle, terminating the test, otherwise, terminating the test after the expansion load curve is stable; the value of the gentle section of the sample curve is the expansive force of the tested soil sample.
And inserting the USB flash disk into a data acquisition instrument, exporting test data, copying the data to a computer, and further summarizing the data, wherein the maximum reading recorded by the data acquisition instrument is the obtained expansion force.
After the test is finished:
firstly, adjusting a descending knob on a control panel, taking down the consolidation container from a test instrument for testing, slowly pouring water in the consolidation container, taking out a soil sample to be tested in a cutting ring, placing the soil sample in a sealing bag, recording information such as date and the like, and using the soil sample for a subsequent test.
And II, taking the stainless steel base plate off the bearing bottom platform, slightly rotating the loading disc, taking the loading disc off the sensor, rotating the bolt to take the pressure sensor off, and wiping the loading disc and the bearing bottom platform with a dry towel for the next test.
The test method mainly aims at the description of the soil expansive force test method, and if a triaxial shear test is to be carried out, the conventional triaxial shear test can be carried out only by dismounting the components such as the pressure sensor, the stainless steel base plate, the loading disc and the like on the test method and mounting the components such as the force measuring ring, the pressure chamber and the like according to a conventional triaxial tester.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a soil expansibility testing arrangement which characterized in that: including the lift base be provided with the crossbeam directly over the lift base be provided with the connecting rod that extends towards the lift base on the crossbeam, the free end of connecting rod links to each other with pressure sensor, pressure sensor's sense terminal links to each other with one side of loading dish, the opposite side of loading dish contacts with the waiting soil sample of examining in the consolidation container, the consolidation container sets up on the lift port of lift base, pressure sensor links to each other with the data acquisition appearance, the data acquisition appearance is used for real-time recording pressure sensor's detection data, pressure sensor is used for real-time detection to examine the produced pressure of soil sample inflation, the lift base is used for driving the consolidation container to the direction motion of being close to or keeping away from the loading dish.
2. The soil expansion force testing device of claim 1, wherein: the connecting rod, the loading disc and the central line of the soil sample to be detected are overlapped.
3. The soil expansive force testing device of claim 2, wherein: the connecting rod is arranged in the center of the cross beam, and the free end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the pressure sensor, and the loading disc is in threaded connection with the pressure sensor.
4. A testing method based on the soil expansion force testing device of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a soil sample to be detected according to a soil test standard, putting the soil sample into a consolidation container, and then placing the consolidation container on a lifting port of a lifting base;
step two, adjusting the height of the consolidation container through the lifting base to enable the soil sample to be detected in the consolidation container to be in contact with the loading disc;
and step three, adding water into the consolidation container to enable the soil sample to be detected to fully absorb water and expand, and recording the detection data of the pressure sensor in real time through a data acquisition instrument.
5. The test method of the soil expansive force test device according to claim 4, wherein: and adding water into the consolidation container to ensure that the water overflows 4-6 mm of the soil sample to be detected, and observing the recorded data of the data acquisition instrument after the soil sample is fully absorbed with water and expands for 2 hours.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210259352.3A CN115144111A (en) | 2022-03-16 | 2022-03-16 | Soil expansive force testing device and testing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210259352.3A CN115144111A (en) | 2022-03-16 | 2022-03-16 | Soil expansive force testing device and testing method |
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| CN115144111A true CN115144111A (en) | 2022-10-04 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103760320A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 西南交通大学 | Method for testing relation between water content and expansibility of expansive soil under tunnel supporting and protecting condition |
| CN107422097A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-01 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of device for measuring soil solidifying performance and expansive force |
| CN213423172U (en) * | 2020-06-27 | 2021-06-11 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Automatic testing arrangement of native expansion rate expands |
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2022
- 2022-03-16 CN CN202210259352.3A patent/CN115144111A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103760320A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 西南交通大学 | Method for testing relation between water content and expansibility of expansive soil under tunnel supporting and protecting condition |
| CN107422097A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-01 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of device for measuring soil solidifying performance and expansive force |
| CN213423172U (en) * | 2020-06-27 | 2021-06-11 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Automatic testing arrangement of native expansion rate expands |
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Application publication date: 20221004 |