CN115141983A - Preparation method of high-toughness iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-toughness iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;chromium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cr] QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The application provides a high-toughness Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.06 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.6 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.7 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; cr:20 to 30 percent; al:4.5 to 6.5 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, and relates to the technical field of electrothermal alloy preparation processes, wherein a vacuum induction smelting furnace is adopted, the metal material smelted by vacuum induction can obviously improve the toughness, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature creep property and magnetic conductivity of the magnetic alloy, and has the functions of low consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrothermal alloy preparation processes, in particular to a preparation method of a high-toughness Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy.
Background
The electrothermal alloy uses the resistance characteristic of substance to make the resistance alloy of heating body. Electrothermal alloys mainly fall into two categories: one is iron-chromium-aluminum alloy of ferrite structure; another class is austenitic nickel chromium alloys. These two types of alloys also differ in their properties due to their different structure. However, they have many advantages as the electric heating materials.
Alloy material for manufacturing electric heating elements. When an electric current is passed through the alloy element, a joule effect is created, converting the electric energy into thermal energy. The electrothermal alloy product is generally made into thin wire, round wire and flat strip, and can also be made into pipe and casting under special requirements.
Generally has the characteristics of large resistivity, thermal fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, good high-temperature shape stability and the like. It can effectively convert electric energy into heat energy, and the surface of electrothermal alloy can form compact oxide film at high temp., so that it has good antioxidizing performance.
However, in the process of implementing the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application, the inventors of the present application find that the above-mentioned technology has at least the following technical problems:
the high-temperature alloy has high alloying degree, the problem of ingot segregation after smelting is obvious, the problems of poor cold and hot processing performance, low yield caused by cracks in the forging process and the like easily occur, and the service life of the alloy cannot be ensured to be short due to the purity of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of prominent ingot segregation and poor cold and hot processing performance after the existing smelting, the embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a high-toughness iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy, a vacuum induction smelting furnace is adopted, the toughness, the fatigue strength, the corrosion resistance, the high-temperature creep property and the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic alloy can be obviously improved by a metal material subjected to vacuum induction smelting, the high-toughness iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy has low consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection functions, harmful elements can be removed to a lower degree by vacuum smelting, the smelting temperature can be adjusted according to the actual smelting condition through the control of a vacuum environment and induction heating, and elements required by the alloy are supplemented in time, so that the alloy is refined, the segregation in the alloy is reduced, and the components are more uniform.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the application for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the high-toughness Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.06 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.6 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.7 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; cr:20 to 30 percent; al:4.5 to 6.5 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy are as follows:
step one, raw material preparation
Taking materials according to mass percentage;
step two, vacuum smelting
Placing the taken out material in a vacuum furnace for smelting to form a blank;
step three, refining
Refining the blank by an electroslag furnace;
step four, electroslag remelting
Melting the blank by using resistance heat generated when current passes through slag, and solidifying and crystallizing to form an ingot;
step five, rolling into strips
Forging and rolling the cast ingot to form a wire rod;
step six, annealing
And annealing the wire rod to form the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy.
Preferably, in the second step, a vacuum induction smelting furnace is adopted for vacuum smelting, and the smelting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃.
Preferably, the refining temperature in the third step is 1100-1150 ℃.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the slag is added into molten steel for slagging through electroslag remelting, and the refining temperature is 1600-1650 ℃.
Preferably, the initial rolling temperature for rolling into strips in the fifth step is 1100-1150 ℃, and the finish rolling speed is controlled at 28-35m/s.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the annealing temperature is 800-840 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-4.5h.
Preferably, the treatment after annealing in the sixth step is divided into the following steps:
acid washing: pickling the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
coating: coating and brushing the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
drying: drying the electrothermal alloy;
wire drawing: controlling the wire drawing temperature at 900 ℃;
warehousing: and (7) packaging and warehousing.
Preferably, the finished product needs to be inspected before warehousing, and qualified packaging is carried out; the reject serves as a waste treatment.
Preferably, the chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is made of OCr25Al5, the elongation of the chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is greater than 12%, and the density of the chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is 7.1g/cm.
The embodiment of the application has the advantages that:
the invention adopts the vacuum induction melting furnace, and the metal material after vacuum induction melting can obviously improve the toughness, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature creep property and magnetic conductivity of the magnetic alloy, and has the functions of low consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection.
According to the invention, harmful elements can be removed to a lower degree by vacuum melting, the melting temperature can be adjusted according to the actual melting condition through the control of a vacuum environment and induction heating, and elements required by the alloy are supplemented in time, so that the alloy is refined, the segregation in the alloy is reduced, and the components are more uniform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the production process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, for the convenience of description, the terms "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are used to refer to the same direction as the upper, lower, left, right, etc. of the drawings, and the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive distinction and have no special meaning.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of high-toughness Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy, the problem of cast ingot segregation after smelting in the prior art is solved, the problem of poor cold and hot processability is easy to appear, a vacuum induction smelting furnace is adopted, the toughness of magnetic alloy can be obviously improved through a metal material subjected to vacuum induction smelting, the fatigue strength and the corrosion resistance are high, the high-temperature creep property and the magnetic conductivity are high, the low consumption is realized, the functions of energy conservation and environmental protection are realized, meanwhile, harmful elements can be removed to a lower degree through vacuum smelting, the smelting temperature can be adjusted according to the actual smelting condition through the vacuum environment and the control of induction heating, and elements required by alloy are supplemented in time, further, the alloy is refined, the internal segregation of the alloy is reduced, and the components are more uniform.
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application has the following general idea:
example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy, as shown in fig. 1, the high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.06 percent of C; 0.6 percent of Si; 0.7 percent of Mn0; p is 0.025 percent; 0.025 percent of S; cr:20 percent; al:4.5 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, raw material preparation
Taking materials according to mass percentage;
step two, vacuum smelting
Placing the taken out material in a vacuum furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum smelting adopts a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and the smelting temperature is 1600 ℃ to form a blank;
step three, refining
Refining the blank by an electroslag furnace, wherein the refining temperature is 1150 ℃;
step four, electroslag remelting
Melting a blank by using resistance heat generated when current passes through molten slag, solidifying and crystallizing to form an ingot, and pouring slag into molten steel for slagging by electroslag remelting at the refining temperature of 1650 ℃;
step five, rolling into strips
Forging and rolling the cast ingot, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the cast ingot rolled into strips is 1150 ℃, and the finish rolling speed is controlled to be 28-35m/s, so that wire rods are formed;
step six, annealing
And (3) annealing the wire rod at the annealing temperature of 840 ℃ for 4.5h to form the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy.
The treatment after the annealing in the sixth step is divided into the following steps:
acid washing: pickling the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
coating: coating and brushing the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
and (3) drying: drying the electrothermal alloy;
wire drawing: controlling the wire drawing temperature to 900 ℃;
warehousing: packaging and warehousing, wherein the finished products need to be inspected before warehousing, and qualified packaging is performed; the reject serves as a waste treatment.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy, as shown in fig. 1, the high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.06 percent of C; 0.6 percent of Si; 0.7 percent of Mn0; p is 0.025 percent; 0.025 percent of S; cr:25 percent; al:4.5 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, raw material preparation
Taking materials according to mass percentage;
step two, vacuum smelting
Placing the taken out material in a vacuum furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum smelting adopts a vacuum induction smelting furnace, the smelting temperature is 1600 ℃, and a blank is formed;
step three, refining
Refining the blank by an electroslag furnace, wherein the refining temperature is 1150 ℃;
step four, electroslag remelting
Melting a blank by using resistance heat generated when current passes through molten slag, solidifying and crystallizing to form an ingot, and pouring slag into molten steel for slagging by electroslag remelting at the refining temperature of 1650 ℃;
step five, rolling into strips
Forging and rolling the cast ingot, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the cast ingot rolled into strips is 1150 ℃, and the finish rolling speed is controlled to be 28-35m/s, so that wire rods are formed;
step six, annealing
And (3) annealing the wire rod at the annealing temperature of 840 ℃ for 4.5h to form the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy.
The treatment after the annealing in the sixth step is divided into the following steps:
acid washing: pickling the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
coating: coating and brushing the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
drying: drying the electrothermal alloy;
wire drawing: controlling the wire drawing temperature to 900 ℃;
warehousing: packaging and warehousing, wherein the finished products need to be inspected before warehousing, and qualified packaging is performed; the reject serves as a waste treatment.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy, as shown in fig. 1, the high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.06 percent of C; 0.6 percent of Si; 0.7 percent of Mn0; p is 0.025 percent; 0.025 percent of S; cr:30 percent; al:4.5 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing raw materials
Taking materials according to mass percentage;
step two, vacuum smelting
Placing the taken out material in a vacuum furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum smelting adopts a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and the smelting temperature is 1600 ℃ to form a blank;
step three, refining
Refining the blank by an electroslag furnace, wherein the refining temperature is 1150 ℃;
step four, electroslag remelting
Melting a blank by using resistance heat generated when current passes through molten slag, solidifying and crystallizing to form an ingot, and pouring slag into molten steel for slagging by electroslag remelting at the refining temperature of 1650 ℃;
step five, rolling into strips
Forging and rolling the cast ingot, wherein the initial rolling temperature of the cast ingot rolled into strips is 1150 ℃, and the finish rolling speed is controlled to be 28-35m/s, so that wire rods are formed;
step six, annealing
And (3) annealing the wire rod at the annealing temperature of 840 ℃ for 4.5 hours to form the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy.
The treatment after annealing in the sixth step is divided into the following steps:
acid washing: pickling the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
coating: coating and brushing the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
and (3) drying: drying the electrothermal alloy;
wire drawing: controlling the wire drawing temperature at 900 ℃;
warehousing: packaging and warehousing, wherein the finished products need to be inspected before warehousing, and qualified packaging is performed; the reject serves as a waste treatment.
Table 1 shows the performance of the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloys in examples 1, 2 and 3 with different Cr element additions, as follows:
| tensile Strength MPA | Elongation after fracture% | |
| Example 1 | 176 | 13 |
| Example 2 | 267 | 28 |
| Example 3 | 189 | 16 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: the Cr element proportion in the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is in the range of 20-25%, and the increase of Cr content can cause the Fe strength to increase, especially the high-temperature strength and the oxidation resistance, but the brittleness is also continuously improved, and the resistance is rapidly increased. Generally, when the amount is more than 25%, these properties are deteriorated. When the content exceeds 28% or more, both cold and hot working are difficult.
Combining the test data from example 1 to example 2 and table 1, it can be seen that: adopt the vacuum induction smelting furnace, the metal material through vacuum induction smelting can obviously improve magnetic alloy's toughness, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature creep property and magnetic permeability, possess low consumption, the function of energy-conservation and environmental protection, vacuum smelting can get rid of harmful element to lower degree simultaneously, control through vacuum environment and induction heating can be according to the actual condition of smelting to the temperature of smelting adjustment, and in time supply the required element of alloy, and then make the alloy obtain concise, reduce the inside segregation of alloy, make the composition more even.
The iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy comprises the following components by weight percent:
c is an element which is indispensable for improving the strength of steel. C is dissolved in the matrix to form a gap solid solution, so that the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved, and the strength of the matrix is obviously improved. However, as the carbon content increases, the ductility and toughness of the steel decrease, so that the C percentage of the present invention is set to 0.06% or less.
Si element in the steel mainly improves the strength of the steel in a solid solution strengthening mode, is an essential element for steel-making deoxidation, can improve the atmospheric corrosion resistance, but obviously reduces the plasticity and the toughness of the steel, so the percentage content of Si in the invention is set to be less than or equal to 0.6 percent.
Mn is a main element in steel and can improve the strength of materials, and in addition, mn is a main element for preventing hot brittleness in steel, but high content of Mn easily generates serious center segregation in steel and deteriorates the low-temperature toughness of the steel, so the percentage content of Mn in the invention is set to be less than or equal to 0.7 percent.
P is a crystal boundary segregation element, is an economic corrosion-resistant element and has great influence on low-temperature brittleness and crack sensitivity, so the percentage content of P in the invention is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.025 percent.
S is a harmful element and can reduce the corrosion resistance and low-temperature toughness of the steel, so that the percentage content of S in the invention is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.025 percent.
Cr-the addition of Cr to Fe greatly increases the resistivity of Fe, and an increase in Cr content causes an increase in Fe strength, particularly high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, but the brittleness is also continuously increased and the resistance is rapidly increased. Generally, when the amount is more than 25%, these properties are deteriorated. When the content exceeds 28%, cold and hot working are difficult, so that the S content of the present invention is controlled to 20 to 30%.
The addition of Al causes lattice distortion of Fe, which causes the linear and sharp rise of Fe resistance and smaller temperature coefficient of resistance. Aluminum is added into Fe-Cr, and Cr2O3 is converted into an Al2O3 oxide film at high temperature, so that the film becomes more stable and firmer, the use temperature is obviously improved, and the service life is prolonged, therefore, the Al content of the invention is 4.5-6.5%.
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-toughness Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.06 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.6 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.7 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; cr:20 to 30 percent; al:4.5 to 6.5 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The method of preparing a high toughness ferrochromium-aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein said ferrochromium-aluminum alloy is prepared by the steps of:
step one, raw material preparation
Taking materials according to mass percentage;
step two, vacuum smelting
Placing the taken out material in a vacuum furnace for smelting to form a blank;
step three, refining
Refining the blank by an electroslag furnace;
step four, electroslag remelting
Melting the blank by using resistance heat generated when current passes through slag, and solidifying and crystallizing to form an ingot;
step five, rolling into strips
Forging and rolling the cast ingot to form a wire rod;
step six, annealing
And annealing the wire rod to form the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy.
3. The method for preparing the high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, vacuum induction smelting is adopted for vacuum smelting, and the smelting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a high toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein the temperature for refining in step three is 1100-1150 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the high-toughness Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the slag is added into molten steel for slagging through electroslag remelting, and the refining temperature is 1600-1650 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a high-toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein the start rolling temperature for rolling into a strip in the fifth step is 1100-1150 ℃, and the finish rolling speed is controlled to be 28-35m/s.
7. The method for preparing a high toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the sixth step, the annealing temperature is 800-840 ℃ and the holding time is 4-4.5h.
8. The method of producing a high toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein the treatment after annealing in the sixth step is divided into the following steps:
acid washing: pickling the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
coating: coating and brushing the surface of the electrothermal alloy;
drying: drying the electrothermal alloy;
wire drawing: controlling the wire drawing temperature at 900 ℃;
warehousing: and (7) packaging and warehousing.
9. The method for preparing a high toughness ferrochromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy of claim 8, wherein the finished product is required to be inspected before warehousing, and the qualified finished product is packaged; the reject serves as a waste treatment.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is OCr25Al5, has an elongation greater than 12% and a density of 7.1g/cm.
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