CN115141788A - Method for directional protection of target cells - Google Patents
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- CN115141788A CN115141788A CN202210761852.7A CN202210761852A CN115141788A CN 115141788 A CN115141788 A CN 115141788A CN 202210761852 A CN202210761852 A CN 202210761852A CN 115141788 A CN115141788 A CN 115141788A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for directionally protecting target cells, which comprises the following steps: using at least two recognition molecules comprising DNA sequences, a nucleic acid linker sequence, HCR active modules, said recognition molecules comprising associated toe DNA sequences that trigger a hybridization chain reaction, said HCR active modules hybridizable to said associated toe DNA sequences in a hybridization chain reaction, said HCR active modules comprising DNA hairpin strands, at least one of said DNA hairpin strands comprising at least one polymer having a carboxyl group coupled thereto; the step comprises the step that the recognition molecules perform targeted recognition binding on the target cells, the at least two recognition molecules are hybridized and connected through the nucleic acid connecting sequence after being bound to the surfaces of the target cells, the recognition molecules and the HCR active components are triggered to perform hybridization chain reaction, and a shell layer is formed on the periphery of the target cells. The invention can form a protective layer on the cell surface, and enhances the protective effect of the cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cell protection technology, in particular to a method for directionally protecting target cells.
Background
During evolution, most plant and microbial cells form an outer cell wall with a framework structure. The cell wall can act as an effective barrier to protect cells from environmental attack. Therefore, plant cells and microbial cells can survive and recover even when their living environment is changed from benign to severe. However, mammalian cells do not have a cell wall. The outermost layer of mammalian cells is simply a two-layered phospholipid structure embedded with proteins. While the internal cytoskeleton mechanically helps mammalian cells maintain their shape, the adverse environmental stresses encountered by mammalian cells when exposed to physical or biological attack result in plasma membrane damage and leakage of cytoplasmic components, reducing cell viability and function. For example, cells are subjected to environmental shear stresses during centrifugation or bioreactor culture. The use of durable materials for cytoprotection of mammalian cells in unstable environments has potential applications in cell sensors, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine.
Various cell protection strategies have been developed by a number of researchers, including cell silicidation, metal-organic framework materials, polymer shells, DNA template frameworks, etc. These methods can protect living mammalian cells from physical (e.g., mechanical impact) and biological attack (which enhances the cells' resistance to attack by trypsin and toxic compounds), among others. Based on the cell wall produced by silicidation, although having a hard outer shell, the use of cationic compounds as catalytic templates produces cytotoxicity, and the silica shell is not easily degraded under mild conditions. The cells are wrapped by the metal-organic framework material, so that the porosity is high, the structure is various, the chemical structure is controllable, but some cells are sensitive to metal ions, and the activity of the cells is damaged. The polymer shell is usually formed by electrostatic adsorption to coat the cell surface layer by layer to form a shell with controllable thickness, however, the weak electrostatic interaction between polyelectrolytes with opposite charges makes the polymer shell easily dissociated, which results in that the polymer shell cannot provide long-term protection. The DNA template framework has good biocompatibility, but has poor selectivity, and can not directionally protect special cells in the cells of a population.
There is a continuing need for improvements in cytoprotective technologies.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for targeted protection of target cells.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a method for targeted protection of target cells comprising the steps of:
using at least two recognition molecules comprising DNA sequences, a nucleic acid linker sequence, HCR active modules, said recognition molecules comprising associated toe DNA sequences that trigger a hybridization chain reaction, said HCR active modules hybridizable to said associated toe DNA sequences in a hybridization chain reaction, said HCR active modules comprising DNA hairpin strands, at least one of said DNA hairpin strands comprising at least one polymer having a carboxyl group coupled thereto;
the step comprises the step that the recognition molecules perform targeted recognition binding on the target cells, the at least two recognition molecules are hybridized and connected through the nucleic acid connecting sequence after being bound to the surfaces of the target cells, the recognition molecules and the HCR active components are triggered to perform hybridization chain reaction, and a shell layer is formed on the periphery of the target cells.
In a preferred embodiment, the recognition molecule further comprises at least one spacer that reduces structural steric hindrance.
In a preferred embodiment, the recognition molecule is selected from one or more of an antibody conjugated with a DNA sequence, a polypeptide conjugated with a DNA sequence, a nucleic acid aptamer, a small molecule targeted drug conjugated with a DNA sequence and having a molecular weight of less than 1000.
In a preferred embodiment, the carboxyl-containing polymer is selected from one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan and polyacrylic acid.
In a preferred embodiment, the steps are performed in a solution environment comprising one or more of calcium ions, zinc ions, barium ions, strontium ions, divalent metal ions.
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the recognition molecule is in the range of 0.1-10.0 μmol/L.
In a preferred embodiment, the recognition molecule is an aptamer, and the concentration of the recognition molecule is in the range of 0.1-5.0 μmol/L.
In a preferred embodiment, the steps are performed in a solution environment, the solution environment comprising calcium ions.
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of calcium ion is in the range of 1-5 mmol/L.
In a preferred embodiment, the recognition molecule comprises a first nucleic acid aptamer and a second nucleic acid aptamer that are complementarily hybrid linked by a nucleic acid linker sequence, and the HCR active modules comprise a first HCR active module and a second HCR active module.
In a preferred embodiment, the first aptamer is
The second aptamer is
The nucleic acid connecting sequence is CTTACAACCTAGCGTTCAGCCCAGGTTAGATGTCG, the first HCR active component is a conjugate of a DNA hairpin structure H1 and sodium alginate,
said H1 is
ATGAAGGACGATGTATGCTTAGGGTCGACTTCCATAGACCCTAAGCATACAT，
The second HCR active component is a DNA hairpin structure H2,
said H2 is
GACCCTAAGCATACATCGTCCTTCATATGTATGCTTAGGGTCTATGGAAGTC。
The invention firstly recognizes target cells through at least two recognition molecules containing DNA sequences, and the recognition molecules are combined on the cell surface, and associated toe DNA sequences (toehold) which can trigger Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) are coupled on the recognition molecules. The recognition molecules are then linked together by a nucleic acid linker sequence (connector sequence) which simultaneously triggers the HCR reaction of the toehold sequence with the HCR-active module with DNA hairpin strands in the environment.
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
1. an AND logic device utilizing multiple aptamers is able to rapidly identify specific cell type subpopulations from a large number of similar cells in a mild one-step reaction.
2. Signal amplification is performed on target cells by adding a related toe DNA sequence (toehold) to the end of the aptamer strand to initiate the Hybrid Chain Reaction (HCR) in a programmed and timed manner to accurately distinguish the target cells.
3. A carboxyl-containing polymer (such as sodium alginate) is connected to one hairpin chain of the HCR, so that the sodium alginate is automatically assembled on a cell membrane while a DNA template framework is constructed by the HCR to form an elastic hydrogel protective layer to reduce the damage of external stimulation to cells.
4. The carboxyl-containing polymer can specifically recruit metal ions in body fluid, such as calcium ions in the environment of sodium alginate-enriched solution, so that a mineral layer is formed on the surface of cells, and the protection effect of the cells is further enhanced.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the result of the verification of the target recognition ability of the dual recognition molecules.
FIG. 3 shows the results of the cell wall structure verification.
FIG. 4 shows the results of the cell protective ability test.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the principle of the present invention is schematically illustrated. Biomimetic cell walls are composed of supramolecular scaffolds and mineral layers generated by Hybrid Chain Reaction (HCR) and a strategy of carboxyl-containing polymer-induced calcification synthesis.
According to one embodiment of the invention, molecular assembly of the logic operation device is performed on the cell surface using a plurality of recognition molecules comprising DNA sequences as integrational elements to target the synthesis of the framework template. The logic operation device operating on the cell membrane comprises three types of active components, each of which can be autonomously cascaded (fig. 1A). Three active components two recognition molecules, nucleic acid connecting sequence and HCR active component.
In particular, the recognition molecule is a ssDNA probe (Apt-S-T) having three functional domains, including a receptor recognition aptamer (Apt), a steric bulk reducing spacer (S) and an associated toe region (T) that triggers an HCR response. The nucleic acid linker sequence is a ssDNA connector (connector) used to link different Apt-S-T probes by complementary DNA hybridization. The recognition molecule can also be selected from one or more of antibodies, polypeptides and small molecule targeted drugs with the molecular weight less than 1000, and the antibodies, the polypeptides and the small molecule targeted drugs with the molecular weight less than 1000 can be firstly coupled with a section of DNA sequence and connected together through a nucleic acid connecting sequence. The recognition molecule is preferably a nucleic acid aptamer that targets a cell membrane surface protein.
Wherein one ssDNA probe is Sgc8c-S-T 1 The DNA sequence is:
another ssDNA probe is TCO1-S-T 2 The DNA sequence is:
the DNA sequence of the ssDNA connector (connector) is:
CTTACAACACCTAGCGTCAGTGAGCCCAGGTTAGATGTCG
the HCR active module includes H1-Alg and H2 hairpin probes for HCR amplification.
The DNA sequence of H1 is:
ATGAAGGACGATGTATGCTTAGGGTCGACTTCCATAGACCCTAAGCATACAT
the DNA sequence of H2 is:
GACCCTAAGCATACATCGTCCTTCATATGTATGCTTAGGGTCTATGGAAGTC
the H1-Alg is used as a conjugate of a DNA hairpin structure H1 and sodium alginate, and can enable the sodium alginate to be automatically assembled on a cell membrane in the process of forming the supramolecular template. At the same time, sodium alginate can provide a plurality of carboxyl groups to recruit calcium ions in the solution environment, thereby spontaneously and selectively inducing cell calcification to generate a mineral shell with higher strength. The ends of the DNA hairpin chains in the HCR active module can also be coupled with other carboxyl-containing polymers, preferably one or more of chitosan and polyacrylic acid. The solution environment may also contain one or more of zinc ions, barium ions, strontium ions, divalent metal ions. In addition, the method for directionally protecting the target cells provided by the invention is applied to living bodies, and can directly enrich divalent metal ions in living body environments, such as calcium ions in blood.
This biomimetic cell wall system has higher specificity and sensitivity for the identification and protection of target cells (fig. 1B) because, first, dual recognition molecules can more accurately identify specific cell populations among the population cells; secondly, signal amplification is carried out through HCR, so that more sensitive marks can be provided on cell membranes; finally, the elastic alginate hydrogel layer and the hard calcified layer can protect cells from mechanical damage, thereby ensuring that cells are not damaged, and obtaining more complete cells for downstream application.
The invention is further illustrated below by way of examples, without being limited thereto.
1. Verification of targeting recognition capability of double aptamers
Firstly, 0.5mg of sodium alginate (Alg) is coupled with 10 muL of hairpin DNA chain (H1) with the concentration of 100 muM through EDC/NHS amide reaction, and the result of agarose gel electrophoresis shows (figure 2A), the molecular weight of the sodium alginate-DNA complex (H1-Alg) is obviously increased after DNA coupling, which indicates that the DNA is successfully coupled to the sodium alginate.
As shown in the agarose gel electrophoresis of FIG. 2B, the band 1 is DNAmarker (purchased from Biotechnology engineering (Shanghai) Ltd., product number B600303), the band 2 is H1-Alg, the band 3 is another hairpin DNA sequence H2, the band 4 is an assembly of two Apt-S-T1 and ssDNA connectors, and the band 5 is a band after HCR reaction, which shows that the molecular weight is significantly increased, which indicates that the H1 chain coupled with sodium alginate can also perform HCR reaction, and the capability of the DNA coupled with sodium alginate to perform HCR reaction is verified.
To verify the ability of the logistic device to perform HCR on the cell surface, human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells CEM (purchased from the cell bank of the culture collection committee of the chinese academy of sciences, catalog number tch 147) were selected as positive cells and erythroleukemia cells K562 (purchased from the ATCC american type biological resources collection, catalog number CCL-243) were selected as negative cells. CEM cells and K562 cells were mixed with 500nM Sgc8c-S-T cells 1 -FAM、TCO 1 -S-T 2 -Cy 3 Cells were Hochest stained after 1H incubation with 1. Mu.M H1-Alg and H2-Cy5, the connector, and the fluorescence microscopy results are shown in FIG. 2C. It can be seen that the surface of CEM cells has three fluorescence signals, indicating that CEM can interact with Sgc8c-S-T 1 And TCO1-S-T 2 The two aptamers are combined, and the HCR reaction can be carried out; and the surface of the K562 cell has no fluorescent signal, indicating that K562 is not in contact with Sgc8c-S-T 1 And TCO1-S-T 2 The two aptamers bind and the HCR reaction is not possible.
Finally, to verify the ability to specifically recognize target cells in mixed cells, CEM cells were pre-stained with the live cell dye calcein AM, after which CEM was mixed with K562 cells and then with 500nM Sgc8c-S-T 1 -FAM、TCO1-S-T 2 -Cy3, connector and 1. Mu.M H1-Alg and H2-Cy5 incubation for 1H followed by detection using flow cytometry showed (FIG. 2D) significant Cy5 signal in CEM cells pre-stained with calcein AM, whereas K562 cells did not have Cy5 signal. Indicating that the structure can identify the target cell in the mixed cells.
2. Bionic cell wall structure verification
The bionic cell wall is generated by a hybridization chain reaction and a strategy of sodium alginate-induced calcification synthesisSupermolecular skeleton and calcified shell. Preformed targeted HCR groups (Target-HCR) and untargeted HCR groups (HCR), wherein the Target-HCR groups were CEM cells incubated with 500nM Sgc8c-S-T 1 、TCO1-S-T 2 1H, 1 μ M H1-Alg and H2-Cy5 incubation, and the HCR group was 1H incubation of CEM cells with 500nM of Initiator sequence (GACCCTAAGCATACAT-CGTCCTTCAT) and 1 μ M H1-Alg and H2-Cy 5. The H2 chain was labeled with Cy5 to verify whether HCR reaction was generated on the cell surface, and calcein (green fluorescence) was used to characterize the calcified shell on the cell surface. Flow results show (FIG. 3A) that the Target-HCR group had a significant shift in both the Cy5 channel and the Calcein channel compared to the HCR group. Fluorescence microscopy results were also consistent with flow-through results (fig. 3B).
The schematic diagram of the supermolecular skeleton and the calcified shell generated by the CEM cell through the hybridization chain reaction and the strategy of sodium alginate-induced calcification synthesis is shown in FIG. 3C, and the bionic cell wall can be further observed through a scanning electron microscope to confirm the structure. As shown in FIG. 3D, the HCR group cells had smooth surfaces, while the Target-HCR group cells had rough surfaces after generating biomimetic cell walls, indicating that a calcified layer was formed on the surface. The calcium analysis result shows that a large amount of calcium ions are distributed on the cell surface of the experimental group, which indicates that the bionic cell wall is successfully formed on the cell surface. The cell surface of the experimental group (Target-HCR group) was also observed to have a clear bionic cell wall layer by transmission electron microscopy (FIG. 3E).
3. Verification of cytoprotective potential
Preparing a blank group (control group), an HCR group and a Calcification group (Calcification), wherein the control group specifically comprises incubating CEM cells in a common culture medium for 48h; the HCR group contained CEM cells incubated with 500nM Sgc8c-S-T in calcium-free medium 1 、TCO1-S-T 2 Incubating the culture medium with 1 mu M of H1-Alg and H2-Cy5 for 48H; the Calcification group comprises CEM cells incubated in calcium ion-containing medium with 500nM Sgc8c-S-T 1 、TCO1-S-T 2 And connector and 1. Mu.M H1-Alg and H2-Cy5 for 48H. From the results of the cell viability experiments shown in fig. 4A, both HCR response and calcification had no significant effect on cell viability, indicating that the biomimetic cell wall did not affect cell viability.
Then subjecting CEM cells to calcium-free cultureNeutralizing in nutrient medium and 500nM Sgc8c-S-T in calcium ion-containing medium 1 、TCO1-S-T 2 The CEM cells incubated for 48H with 1. Mu.M of H1-Alg and H2-Cy5, the connector and the CEM cells were subjected to RNA-Seq (CEM group, CEM HCR group and CEM calcium group, respectively). From the results in fig. 4B, this approach did not affect the integrity of the cellular genomic information.
Selection of CEM cells and reaction with 500nM Sgc8c-S-T in buffer containing calcium ions 1 、TCO1-S-T 2 CEM cells (corresponding to unprotected cell group and calibrated cell group, respectively) incubated for 1H with 1. Mu.M H1-Alg and H2-Cy5 were passed through a CTC-enriched microfluidic chip, and the changes of unprotected cell group and calibrated cell group under mechanical stimulation are schematically shown in FIG. 4C. Cells were harvested at the exit of the chip and equal numbers of cells were randomly picked for scRNA-Seq, and the results are shown in FIG. 4D. It can be seen that the protected cellular transcriptome has a higher alignment rate (mapping rate), higher gene detection rate (exonic rate) and exon detection rate (gene detected). The above results demonstrate that the cell protection strategy can effectively protect cells.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. A method for targeted protection of target cells, comprising the steps of:
using at least two recognition molecules comprising DNA sequences, a nucleic acid linker sequence, HCR active modules, said recognition molecules comprising associated toe DNA sequences that trigger a hybridization chain reaction, said HCR active modules hybridizable to said associated toe DNA sequences in a hybridization chain reaction, said HCR active modules comprising DNA hairpin strands, at least one of said DNA hairpin strands comprising at least one polymer having a carboxyl group coupled thereto;
the step comprises the step that the recognition molecules perform targeted recognition binding on the target cells, the at least two recognition molecules are hybridized and connected through the nucleic acid connecting sequence after being bound to the surfaces of the target cells, the recognition molecules and the HCR active components are triggered to perform hybridization chain reaction, and a shell layer is formed on the periphery of the target cells.
2. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the recognition molecule further comprises at least one structural steric hindrance reducing spacer.
3. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the recognition molecule is selected from one or more of an antibody coupled with a DNA sequence, a polypeptide coupled with a DNA sequence, a nucleic acid aptamer and a small molecule targeted drug coupled with a DNA sequence and with a molecular weight of less than 1000.
4. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the carboxyl-containing polymer is selected from one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan and polyacrylic acid.
5. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the steps are performed in a solution environment comprising one or more of calcium ions, zinc ions, barium ions, strontium ions, divalent metal ions.
6. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the concentration range of the recognition molecule is 0.1-10.0 mu mol/L.
7. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the recognition molecule is an aptamer, and the concentration range of the recognition molecule is 0.1-5.0 mu mol/L.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step is performed in a solution environment comprising calcium ions.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the target cells are targeted,
the concentration range of the calcium ions is 1-5 mmol/L.
10. A method of targeted protection of target cells according to claim 1,
the recognition molecule comprises a first aptamer and a second aptamer which are connected through complementary hybridization of a nucleic acid connecting sequence, and the HCR active components comprise a first HCR active component and a second HCR active component.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the target cells are targeted,
the first aptamer is ATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGGAAAAAATACTGTACGTTGGTTAAGATTTTTTTTTTTTTCG ACATCTAACCTGGGCGTCCTTCAT,
the second nucleic acid aptamer is GACCCTAAGCATACATGCTCACCATGCGCGCTCTAACGTGACGCTAGGTTTTTTTTTTTACCAAACACAAG ATGCAACCTGACTTCTAACGTCATTGGTG,
the nucleic acid connecting sequence is CTTACAACCTAGCGTTCAGCCCAGGTTAGATGTCG, the first HCR active component is a conjugate of a DNA hairpin structure H1 and sodium alginate,
said H1 is ATGAAGGACGATGTATGCTTAGGGTCGACTTCCATAGACCATAAGCATACAT,
the second HCR active component is a DNA hairpin structure H2,
the H2 is GACCCTAAGCATACCATCGTCCTCATATGTATGCTTAGGGTCTATGGAAGTC.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140113347A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-04-24 | Cellprotect Biotecnologia Ltda-Me | Biopolymer Composition for Encapsulating Cells, Method for Producing a Biopolymer Composition for Encapsulating Cells, Method for Promoting Cell Cytoprotection and Use of a Biopolymer Composition for Encapsulating Cells |
| CN105734006A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of acellular sodium alginate bionic hydrogel |
| WO2021211873A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Biodegradable dna-alginate conjugate for reversible protein and cell labeling and imaging |
| US20220118094A1 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-04-21 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Synthesis of biomimetic cell wall structure |
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| US20140113347A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-04-24 | Cellprotect Biotecnologia Ltda-Me | Biopolymer Composition for Encapsulating Cells, Method for Producing a Biopolymer Composition for Encapsulating Cells, Method for Promoting Cell Cytoprotection and Use of a Biopolymer Composition for Encapsulating Cells |
| CN105734006A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of acellular sodium alginate bionic hydrogel |
| US20220118094A1 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-04-21 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Synthesis of biomimetic cell wall structure |
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