CN115140768B - Method for extracting arsenic by copper smelting sulfuric acid purification waste acid leaching - Google Patents
Method for extracting arsenic by copper smelting sulfuric acid purification waste acid leaching Download PDFInfo
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- C01G28/00—Compounds of arsenic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting arsenic by purifying contaminated acid leaching by copper smelting sulfuric acid, which comprises the steps of mixing contaminated acid containing arsenic and high-salt contaminated acid to ensure that the ratio of the sum of the amount of all metal substances in mixed liquor to the n amount of the arsenic substances is 1~2, adding lime milk into the mixed liquor to neutralize and produce gypsum and gypsum filtrate, and rinsing the gypsum with clean water to remove the contaminated acid; adding alkali into the obtained gypsum filtrate for neutralization, controlling the pH value to be 6.5 to 10, producing arsenic slag and arsenic precipitation filtrate, and treating the arsenic precipitation filtrate by a neutralization iron salt method for reuse; adding arsenic-containing waste acid into the obtained arsenic slag for leaching, and producing leachate and leaching slag; and (c) crystallizing the obtained leachate at a constant temperature at a low temperature to produce an arsenic trioxide product and high-salinity polluted acid, and returning the high-salinity polluted acid to the step a for recycling after adjusting the salt content. The method has the advantages of short process flow, low energy consumption and cost, safe operation, capability of separating arsenic from the waste acid for resource utilization, and high recovery rate of arsenic trioxide, thereby having good social, environmental and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for removing arsenic from acid liquor, in particular to a method for removing arsenic from waste acid generated in acid preparation from copper smelting flue gas.
Background
In the process of preparing acid from copper smelting flue gas, a large amount of acidic waste water (waste acid) can be generated, and the waste acid is mainly derived from SO in the pyrometallurgical process of heavy metals such as copper and the like 2 In the purification process before the flue gas is used for preparing acid, the waste acid is arsenic-containing waste acid which generally contains 5-15% of sulfuric acid and 5-25g/L of arsenic. The components of the waste acid not only contain sulfuric acid with higher concentration, but also contain various impurities in the flue gas, such as: heavy metal ions such as arsenic, copper, lead, zinc and cadmium, and fluorine and chlorine ions. Particularly, along with the increasing shortage of mineral resources, a large amount of high-arsenic low-grade ores enter a smelting treatment process, so that the arsenic content in the waste acid is indirectly higher and higher. Because the waste acid contains a certain amount of sulfuric acid and a large amount of arsenic, the waste acid cannot be discharged or recycled. Therefore, the contaminated acid needs to be subjected to arsenic removal purification treatment.
The traditional method for treating arsenic in the polluted acid mainly adopts a chemical precipitation method, and the only purpose is to remove the arsenic in the polluted acid. The method mainly comprises a lime neutralization precipitation method, an iron salt precipitation method, a sulfide precipitation method and the like (Yang Yong, luan Jingli, he Yanming, research progress of lead and zinc smelting waste acid and wastewater treatment methods, academic annual meeting of 2013 Chinese environmental science institute, yunnan Kunming, 2013). The lime neutralization and precipitation method and the iron salt precipitation method both utilize the reaction of arsenic in a solution and added calcium ions or iron ions to generate calcium arsenate or ferric arsenate compounds under a certain pH condition so as to achieve the aim of removing arsenic. The sulfide precipitation method is to remove arsenic by utilizing the property that sulfur ions can form insoluble sulfide precipitates with arsenic ions. But the vulcanizing agent is directly added into the waste acid, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide toxic gas can be generated, and the production condition is poor and unsafe. The arsenic-containing solid waste generated by the traditional method for treating arsenic in contaminated acid basically has no recovery value and is unstable, and arsenic is released again under certain conditions, so that secondary pollution is caused. That is to say, one pollution is changed into another pollution, the aim of arsenic resource recovery is not achieved,
at present, in the domestic copper smelting process, the purification process of the waste acid generally adopts a sulfuration method arsenic removal technology, and the sulfuration method comprises the following process steps: (1) preparing hydrogen sulfide: diluting the mixture with concentrated sulfuric acid to 30% dilute sulfuric acid, and reacting the dilute sulfuric acid with a sodium sulfide solution to prepare hydrogen sulfide gas; (2) and (3) sulfurizing to remove arsenic: mixing hydrogen sulfide gas with contaminated acid wastewater containing 5-25g/L arsenic for reaction, settling and separating, performing filter pressing and separating on the precipitate to obtain arsenic sulfide slag, wherein the arsenic contained in the filtrate can be removed to be below 75 mg/L. Although the sulfuration method has mature technology and good arsenic removal effect, the sulfuration method also has obvious defects which are mainly shown in the following steps: (1) the hydrogen sulfide is harmful, the field operation environment is poor, and a large potential safety hazard exists; (2) the comprehensive recycling difficulty of the arsenic slag is high; (3) the sulfuration method has high arsenic removal cost.
As arsenic is not only unfavorable for the whole smelting process, but also has great harm to the living environment of human beings, the treatment of arsenic in the waste acid has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of arsenic removal by a vulcanization method in the prior art, the invention provides the method for extracting arsenic by leaching the waste acid, which has the advantages of short treatment flow, low energy consumption and cost, safe operation, no secondary pollution, capability of separating arsenic from the waste acid for resource utilization and high arsenic recovery rate.
A method for extracting arsenic from copper smelting sulfuric acid purification waste acid leaching specifically comprises the following steps:
a. mixing the arsenic-containing contaminated acid and the high-salt contaminated acid so that the ratio of the sum of the amounts of the metal substances to the amount of the arsenic substance in the mixed solution is n (Sigma Me) i ) (i=1,2,3) Adding lime milk into the mixed solution for neutralization until the mixed solution contains 0.049 to 5.3g/l of acid, producing gypsum and gypsum filtrate, and rinsing the gypsum with clear water to remove dirty acid;
b. b, adding alkali into the gypsum filtrate obtained in the step a for neutralization, controlling the pH value to be 6.5 to 10, producing arsenic slag and arsenic precipitation filtrate, and sending the arsenic precipitation filtrate to a neutralization iron salt method for further treatment and reuse;
c. b, adding arsenic-containing contaminated acid into the arsenic slag obtained in the step b for leaching, adjusting the leaching rate of the arsenic in the leaching solution to be more than 95%, wherein the arsenic content is 36-45g/L, the acid content is 50-130g/L, and the arsenic is reduced by using sulfurous acid for 1~2 hours to produce a leaching solution and leaching slag;
d. and c, crystallizing the leachate obtained in the step c at a constant temperature, stirring for 4 to 8 hours, controlling the low temperature to be 0 to-13 ℃, producing an arsenic trioxide product and high-salinity polluted acid, and returning the high-salinity polluted acid to the step a for recycling after adjusting the salt content.
In the invention:
the steps a to c are carried out at normal temperature;
in the step a, the high-salinity waste acid is prepared by mixing arsenic-containing waste acid with calcium sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate;
step a said Me 1 、Me 2 、Me 3 Respectively represent calcium, copper and zinc;
in the step a, preferably, the end point of the mixed solution is controlled to contain 0.52g/l of acid;
gypsum obtained after treatment in the step a can be sold as a byproduct, so that the profit is increased;
in step a, n (Σ Me) is preferred i ) (i=1,2,3) Adding high-salt waste acid into the mixture, wherein the/n (As) = 1.3;
adding alkali to neutralize in the step b, namely adding 5 to 10mol/l of NaOH solution to neutralize;
in step c, the sulfurous acid is added soluble alkali sulfite or SO 2 The dosage of the generated substances is that the ratio of the amount of sulfurous acid substances to the amount of As (V) substances in the leaching solution is n (H) 2 SO 3 ) (As (V)) =1.5 to 3, and all As in the leaching solution are changed into As (III);
in the step c, the leaching slag mainly contains insoluble compounds such as calcium, copper and the like, and needs to be subjected to pyrometallurgical treatment;
and d, stirring is assisted by mechanical stirring.
The method can not only recycle arsenic in arsenic-containing waste acid generated in the acid making process of copper smelting flue gas, but also solve the potential safety hazard problem of hydrogen sulfide in the removal of arsenic by vulcanization and provide a good working environment; the invention solves the problem of stacking of dangerous waste arsenic sulfide slag in arsenic sulfide removal, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the method has simple process, short process flow, low energy consumption and cost and safe operation, can separate arsenic from the waste acid for resource utilization, and has high recovery rate of arsenic trioxide, thereby having good social, environmental and economic benefits.
2. According to the method, on the premise that sulfuration is not carried out by using hydrogen sulfide, arsenic is separated from high-salt waste acid in the form of arsenic trioxide after the arsenic is purified by copper smelting sulfuric acid and the arsenic-containing waste acid is mixed with the high-salt waste acid and subjected to lime neutralization, alkali neutralization, waste acid leaching reduction, low-temperature constant-temperature crystallization and the like, so that the problem of potential safety hazard of hydrogen sulfide in the process of removing arsenic by sulfuration is solved, and a good working environment is provided.
3. The method solves the problem of piling up hazardous waste arsenic sulfide slag in the process of removing arsenic by sulfuration, has short flow, and achieves the purposes of recycling arsenic from waste acid into products and obtaining high recovery rate of arsenic trioxide.
4. The method of the invention does not need a complex hydrogen sulfide preparation device with high investment and expensive sodium sulfide, and has no disposal cost of arsenic sulfide slag, so that the cost of the arsenic trioxide which meets the product standard is obtained.
5. The method of the invention uses low temperature and constant temperature crystallization, does not need evaporation concentration crystallization, and can efficiently recover arsenic with low energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiment one the method steps:
a. as10281mg/l, H 2 SO 4 18.73g/l of contaminated acid containing arsenic and high-salt acid were mixed so that the ratio of the sum of the amounts of the metal substances in the mixed solution to the weight of the arsenic substance was n (Sigma Me) i ) (i=1,2,3) Adding lime milk into the mixed solution for neutralization, stirring for 1h until the total acid content in the mixed solution is 0.48g/l, producing gypsum and gypsum filtrate, and rinsing the gypsum with clear water to remove dirty acid; the gypsum rinsed by clear water to remove the dirty acid is subjected to leaching toxicity analysis, and the analysis result is shown in table 1 and meets the national standard;
table 1. Gypsum leaching toxicity assay results units: mg/l
| Name (name) | Cu | Zn | As | pH |
| Toxicity of gypsum leaching | 0.0062 | 0.0081 | 0.12 | 7.11 |
b. Adding 5-10mol/l NaOH into the gypsum filtrate obtained in the step for dissolving and neutralizing, controlling the pH end point to be 8.52, stirring for 1.2h, producing arsenic slag and arsenic precipitation filtrate, and sending the arsenic precipitation filtrate (shown in table 2) to a neutralization iron salt method for further treatment and recycling;
TABLE 2 arsenic deposition filtrateUnit: mg/l
| Name (name) | As | Cu | Zn | pH |
| Arsenic precipitating filtrate | 166 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 8.52 |
c. Leaching the arsenic residue obtained in the above step with arsenic-containing contaminated acid, stirring for 1H, adjusting leaching rate of arsenic residue with sulfuric acid to obtain leaching solution containing arsenic 41.51g/L and acid 90.1g/L, and extracting with sulfurous acid to obtain n (H) 2 SO 3 ) Reduction of/n (As (V)) =1.5 (molar ratio), stirring for 1.5h, and yielding leachate and leaching slag (see Table 3);
table 3. Content units of each component in leachate and leached slag: g/l
| Name (name) | As | Ca | Cu | Zn | H 2 SO 4 |
| Leach liquor | 41.51 | 0.69 | 29.89 | 10.31 | 90.10 |
| Leaching slag | 1.06 | 8.12 | 5.65 | 0.71 | -- |
d. And (3) crystallizing the leachate obtained in the previous step at a constant temperature and a low temperature, stirring for 6 hours, controlling the low temperature to be-7.5 ℃, producing arsenic trioxide products and high-salinity polluted acid, and returning the high-salinity polluted acid (shown in table 4) to the step a) for recycling after adjusting the salt content according to needs.
Table 4. Content unit of each component in high salt waste acid: g/l
| Name (name) | As | Ca | Cu | Zn | H 2 SO 4 |
| High salt waste acid | 8.62 | 0.69 | 29.89 | 10.31 | 90.10 |
From the above, the arsenic removal rate of the arsenic-containing sewage treated by the arsenic-containing sewage reaches 98.38% (10281-166)/10281 x%, so that the purpose of efficient resource recovery is achieved.
Example two: the method comprises the following steps:
a. 100 mg/l of As and H 2 SO 4 17.13g/l of contaminated acid containing arsenic and high-salt acid were mixed so that the ratio of the sum of the amounts of the respective metal substances in the mixed solution to the weight of the arsenic substance was n (Sigma Me) i ) (i=1,2,3) Adding lime milk into the mixed solution for neutralization, stirring for 1h until the total acid content in the mixed solution is 0.53g/l, producing gypsum and gypsum filtrate, and rinsing the gypsum with clear water to remove dirty acid; rinsing with clean water for removing dirtLeaching toxicity analysis is carried out on the gypsum after acid treatment, the analysis result is shown in table 1 and meets the national standard;
table 1. Unit of leaching toxicity analysis results for gypsum: mg/l
| Name (name) | Cu | Zn | As | pH |
| Toxicity of gypsum leaching | 0.0057 | 0.0072 | 0.107 | 6.83 |
b. Adding 5-10mol/l NaOH into the gypsum filtrate obtained in the step for dissolving and neutralizing, controlling the pH end point to be 8.39, stirring for 1.2h, producing arsenic slag and arsenic precipitation filtrate, and sending the arsenic precipitation filtrate (shown in table 2) to a neutralization iron salt method for further treatment and recycling;
table 2. Arsenic precipitation filtrate contains the following components: mg/l
| Name (name) | As | Cu | Zn | pH |
| Arsenic precipitating filtrate | 153 | 0.115 | 0.158 | 8.39 |
c. Adding arsenic-containing contaminated acid into the arsenic residue obtained in the previous step for leaching, stirring for 1h, and adjusting the arsenic content of the leachate with sulfuric acid41.27g/L, acid 100.35g/L, arsenic leaching rate of arsenic slag over 96%, and SO 2 The aqueous solution is n (H) 2 SO 3 ) Reduction of/n (As (V)) =1.7, stirring for 1.5h, and producing leachate and leaching slag (see table 3);
table 3. Content units of each component in leachate and leached slag: g/l
| Name (name) | As | Ca | Cu | Zn | H 2 SO 4 |
| Leach liquor | 41.27 | 0.65 | 30.41 | 11.78 | 100.35 |
| Leaching slag | 1.50 | 8.26 | 5.87 | 0.83 | -- |
e. And (3) crystallizing the leachate obtained in the previous step at a constant temperature at a low temperature, stirring for 6 hours, controlling the low temperature to be-10 ℃, producing an arsenic trioxide product and high-salinity polluted acid, and adjusting the salt content of the high-salinity polluted acid (shown in table 4) according to needs and then returning to the step a) for recycling.
Table 4. Content unit of each component in high salt waste acid: g/l
| Name (name) | As | Ca | Cu | Zn | H 2 SO 4 |
| High salt waste acid | 7.81 | 0.65 | 30.41 | 11.78 | 100.35 |
From the above, the arsenic removal rate of the arsenic-containing sewage treated by the arsenic-containing sewage treatment reaches 98.46%, and the purpose of high-efficiency resource recovery is achieved.
The purification process of the waste acid of the existing factory adopts a sulfuration method arsenic removal process, and the specific process flow is as follows:
(1) preparing hydrogen sulfide: diluting with concentrated sulfuric acid to 30% dilute sulfuric acid, reacting with sodium sulfide solution to prepare hydrogen sulfide gas, and device H 2 S potential safety hazards of leakage;
(2) and (3) sulfurizing to remove arsenic: the waste acid containing arsenic about 5-25g/L is mixed with hydrogen sulfide gas for reaction, after settling separation, the bottom flow is filter-pressed and separated to obtain arsenic sulfide slag, the arsenic content of the treated filtrate can be removed to below 75mg/L, but the process has H 2 S overflow is caused, and the field environment is very severe;
(3) the generated arsenic sulfide slag belongs to dangerous waste, and the treatment cost is required to be paid.
(4) The reactors, tanks and the like of the whole set of hydrogen sulfide preparation and sulfuration method arsenic removal system are all required to be provided with safe air draft devices and are gathered to a hydrogen sulfide harm removal tower for treatment.
The same dirty acid stock solution as in example 1, and the analysis data of the post-sulfidation solution and arsenic sulfide slag are shown in tables 5 and 6:
table 5: the content of each component in the vulcanized liquid (unit: mg/L)
| Name (R) | As | Cu | Zn | Fe | H 2 SO 4 (g/l) |
| Post-vulcanization liquid | 98.30 | 0.11 | 0.0035 | 0.0001 | 88.50 |
Table 6: the content of each component in the arsenic sulfide slag (unit:%)
| Name (R) | Cu | As | Fe | S | H 2 O |
| Arsenic sulfide slag | 2.15 | 53.48 | 0.051 | 37.94 | 58.87 |
Claims (3)
1. The method for extracting arsenic by purifying the contaminated acid by copper smelting sulfuric acid leaching is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
a. mixing the arsenic-containing contaminated acid and the high-salt contaminated acid so that the ratio of the sum of the amounts of the metal substances to the amount of the arsenic substance in the mixed solution is n (Sigma Me) i ) (i=1,2,3) N (As) =1~2, adding lime milk into the mixed solution for neutralization until the mixed solution contains 0.049 to 5.3g/l of acid, producing gypsum and gypsum filtrate,rinsing off the contaminated acid from the gypsum with clear water, said Me 1 、Me 2 、Me 3 Respectively represent calcium, copper and zinc;
b. b, adding alkali into the gypsum filtrate obtained in the step a for neutralization, controlling the pH value to be 6.5 to 10, producing arsenic slag and arsenic precipitation filtrate, and sending the arsenic precipitation filtrate to a neutralization iron salt method for further treatment and reuse;
c. b, adding arsenic-containing contaminated acid into the arsenic slag obtained in the step b for leaching, adjusting the leaching rate of the arsenic in the leaching solution to be more than 95%, wherein the arsenic content is 36-45g/L, the acid content is 50-130g/L, and the arsenic is reduced by using sulfurous acid for 1~2 hours to produce a leaching solution and leaching slag;
d. and c, crystallizing the leachate obtained in the step c at a constant temperature, stirring for 4 to 8 hours, controlling the low temperature to be 0 to-13 ℃, producing an arsenic trioxide product and high-salinity polluted acid, and returning the high-salinity polluted acid to the step a for recycling after adjusting the salt content.
2. The method for extracting arsenic by copper smelting sulfuric acid purification contaminated acid leaching according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sulfurous acid is soluble alkali sulfite or SO 2 The dosage of the generated substances is that the ratio of the amount of sulfurous acid substances to the amount of As (V) substances in the leaching solution is n (H) 2 SO 3 ) And/n (As (V)) =1.5 to 3, so that all As in the leaching solution are changed into As (III).
3. The method for extracting arsenic by copper smelting sulfuric acid purification contaminated acid leaching according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the alkali neutralization is carried out by adding 5 to 10mol/l NaOH solution.
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| CN101830583B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2012-12-12 | 云南铜业股份有限公司 | Method for treating waste acid by gypsum sedimentation, arsenic oxidizing sedimentation and iron salt neutralization and co-precipitation |
| CN102557222B (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-06-12 | 天津理工大学 | Method for removing trace arsenic from aqueous solution |
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| CN110627179B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-02-22 | 深圳市长隆科技有限公司 | Method for treating arsenic-containing wastewater by using recyclable composite salt precipitator |
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