CN115133520A - Storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for light storage integrated system - Google Patents

Storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for light storage integrated system Download PDF

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CN115133520A
CN115133520A CN202210925754.2A CN202210925754A CN115133520A CN 115133520 A CN115133520 A CN 115133520A CN 202210925754 A CN202210925754 A CN 202210925754A CN 115133520 A CN115133520 A CN 115133520A
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storage battery
voltage
battery
current
discharge
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CN115133520B (en
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王艳敏
宁佳铭
王庆宇
袁世博
张涵清
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/109—Scheduling or re-scheduling the operation of the DC sources in a particular order, e.g. connecting or disconnecting the sources in sequential, alternating or in subsets, to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated system belongs to the technical field of storage battery energy control. The invention aims at the problem that the existing nonlinear control method for the bidirectional DC/DC converter cannot realize bidirectional energy coordination control of the light storage integrated system. The method comprises the following steps: according to P pv And P dc Controlling the working state of the storage battery; if the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv ‑P dc Not less than 0 and U dc ≥U dc_H Then, the state of the storage battery is subjected to charging control according to a preset working mode 1; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery power SOC>90%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 2; if the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv ‑P dc <0, and U dc ≤U dc_L Then, the discharging control is carried out on the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 3; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery capacity SOC<And 15%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 4. The invention is used for realizing the coordination control of the energy of the storage battery.

Description

Storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for light storage integrated system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated system, and belongs to the technical field of storage battery energy control.
Background
In the practical application of the light-storage integrated system, the storage battery has a nonlinear characteristic, and the phenomenon of excessive charge and discharge can occur under severe working conditions, so that the service life of the storage battery can be greatly shortened; especially when internal parameters and external disturbance change violently, the fluctuation of bus voltage can be caused, and the normal operation of the whole system can be damaged when the fluctuation is serious. Therefore, how to realize the active disturbance rejection of the storage battery and realize the smooth and coordinated control among multiple working modes based on the energy conservation is the focus of the current industry attention and research.
The existing light-storage integrated system mainly has the following problems:
1) in engineering application of the light storage integrated system, a valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery is mainly used, an electrochemical model is mainly used as a model, parameters are solved by depending on electrochemical reaction test data, the process is complex, and energy management and control of the storage battery are not facilitated. When a storage battery of a photovoltaic energy storage system is modeled, the influence of internal complex parameters on the state of the storage battery is not considered, so that the performance state of the storage battery cannot be accurately characterized; and further, the modeling result of the battery is not accurate, and thus, an appropriate energy management and control method cannot be formulated for it.
2) In the integrated optical storage system, a bidirectional DC/DC converter is a key device for connecting a storage battery and a direct-current microgrid. However, the DC/DC converter has a non-linear characteristic, and the DC/DC converter is mostly separated from the DC microgrid in the prior research, which severely restricts the control performance of the system.
On one hand, the bidirectional DC/DC converter has nonlinear characteristics, the traditional linear error feedback controller is difficult to obtain ideal control effect, the dynamic response speed is slow, and even when circuit parameters change, nonlinear phenomena such as chaos or bifurcation can occur; on the other hand, the direct-current microgrid has the characteristics of large voltage change range, load nonlinearity and the like, so a nonlinear control strategy is designed for the bidirectional DC/DC converter to improve the dynamic performance of the whole system.
In an actual light storage integrated system, a bidirectional DC/DC converter is usually separated from a storage battery and a direct-current micro-grid, and a controller is independently modeled and designed; the general method for the nonlinear control is as follows: firstly, the linear approximation is carried out through a differential geometric principle and algebraic transformation, and then a PI controller is designed. However, when the circuit topology of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is complex, the model linearization process is complicated. Although the research has been carried out to correct the PI controller by using a nonlinear function, the method only improves the dynamic performance of the unidirectional DC/DC converter, and cannot be applied to bidirectional energy management of an actual integrated optical storage system, so that the requirements of switching among multiple working modes and energy coordination control of the bidirectional DC/DC converter cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for an optical storage integrated system, aiming at the problem that the existing nonlinear control method for a bidirectional DC/DC converter cannot realize bidirectional energy coordination control of the optical storage integrated system.
The invention relates to a storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated system, wherein the light storage integrated system adopts a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery to supply power for a load, and the storage battery controls energy through a bidirectional direct current converter; comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
collecting photovoltaic panel output voltage U pv Output current I pv DC bus voltage U dc And a load current I dc Calculating the output power P of the photovoltaic panel pv And load side required power P dc ：
If the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv -P dc Not less than 0, further direct current bus voltage U dc And a DC bus voltage charging critical value U dc_H Make a judgment if U dc ≥U dc_H Then, the state of the storage battery is subjected to charging control according to a preset working mode 1; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery capacity SOC>90%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 2; u shape dc_L Is a direct current bus voltage discharge critical value;
if the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv -P dc <0, further comparing the DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Make a judgment if U dc ≤U dc_L Then, the discharging control is carried out on the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 3; if U is present dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery power SOC<If the battery voltage is 15%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 4;
the control method of the working mode 1 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is positioned at the maximum power point and based on the collected voltage U of the storage battery terminal b DC bus voltage U dc And the inductor current I L Controlling a switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter to enable the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a Buck mode, wherein a storage battery is in a charging state;
the control method of the working mode 2 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is in a constant voltage mode, the bidirectional direct current converter is in a shutdown state, and the storage battery is in an idle state;
the control method of the working mode 3 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is positioned at the maximum power point and based on the collected voltage U of the storage battery terminal b DC bus voltage U dc And the inductor current I L Controlling a switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter to enable the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a Boost mode, wherein a storage battery is in a discharge state;
the control method of the working mode 4 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is in the maximum power point, the bidirectional direct current converter is in the shutdown state, and the storage battery is in the idle state.
The invention discloses a storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated systemThe implementation process of the working mode 1 comprises the following steps: when terminal voltage U of battery b Lower than constant voltage charging voltage U cv Charging a constant voltage U cv Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 2 Regulated by a constant charging current I cg Amplitude limiter K of 2 First outputs I after amplitude limiting cg Is shown by cg As a variable limiter K 1 The upper limit of (1) to realize rapid constant-current charging of the storage battery along with the terminal voltage U of the storage battery b Step-up, limiter K 2 The output value is reduced, and the charging of the storage battery is slowed down;
when terminal voltage U of battery b Higher than constant voltage charging voltage U cv Charging a constant voltage U cv Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 2 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by an amplitude limiter K 2 The output result is 0 after amplitude limiting, and 0 is taken as a variable amplitude limiter K 1 The upper limit of (d); DC bus voltage U dc And the discharge critical value U of the DC bus voltage dc_L Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 1 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by a variable limiter K 1 Limiting the amplitude at the upper limit of 0 to limit the set value I of the inductive current L_set <0, preventing the storage battery from being overcharged.
According to the storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for the light storage integrated system, the implementation process of the working mode 3 comprises the following steps: when terminal voltage U of battery b Higher than discharge cutoff voltage U cg Cut off the discharge by a voltage U cg Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 3 Regulated by maximum discharge current I cut Amplitude limiter K of 3 First output I after limiting cut A first reaction of cut As a variable limiter K 3 To achieve maximum current discharge of the battery as a function of the terminal voltage U of the battery b Reducing, limiting device K 3 The output is increased, and the discharge of the storage battery is slowed;
when terminal voltage U of battery b Below discharge cutoff voltage U cg Cut off the discharge by a voltage U cg And a battery terminalVoltage U b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 3 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by an amplitude limiter K 3 After amplitude limiting, the output result is 0, and 0 is taken as a variable amplitude limiter K 1 The lower limit of (d); DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 1 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by a variable limiter K 1 Limiting the amplitude with 0 as the lower limit so as to limit the set value I of the inductive current L_set >0, preventing the storage battery from over-discharging.
The storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for the light storage integrated system is based on the inductance current set value I L_set The control of the switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter comprises the following steps:
setting value I of inductive current by adopting differential tracker TD L_set Tracking is carried out with a tracking value x 1 ；
Current of inductor I L And the tracking value x 1 Obtaining a current feedback error e by differentiating; taking the current feedback error e as the input of a nonlinear PI controller constructed by a fal function:
if the | e | > delta, the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function enables the current feedback error e to quickly approach 0 through control;
if | e | is less than or equal to δ, the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function processes the current feedback error e through the low-pass filtering characteristic;
after the output of the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function is subjected to PWM modulation, a switch tube control signal of the bidirectional direct current converter is output;
where δ is the filter factor.
According to the storage battery energy coordination control method applicable to the light storage integrated system, the data processing process of the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003779356950000031
wherein a is a nonlinear factor.
According to the energy coordination control method of the storage battery suitable for the light storage integrated system, the storage battery is a valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method provides a voltage-current double closed-loop control strategy, namely, an outer ring is a direct current bus voltage control ring, an inner ring is a current ring, a storage battery is divided into three states of charging, discharging and idling, and the working state of the storage battery is controlled through a voltage outer ring so as to realize the active disturbance rejection function of the storage battery.
The method comprehensively considers photovoltaic output power, load side required power and direct current bus side voltage, and realizes multi-working mode switching of the storage battery based on energy conservation and coordination control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a logic diagram of multi-operation mode switching control of a storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a signal flow diagram for controlling the switching tubes of the bi-directional DC converter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic energy flow diagram for mode 1 of operation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic energy flow diagram for mode 2 of operation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic energy flow diagram for mode 3 of operation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic energy flow diagram for mode 4 of operation;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit model of a battery; in the figure, T represents a period;
FIG. 8 is a current inner loop control block diagram; in the figure K p Denotes the proportional element, K i An integral link is represented;
FIG. 9 is a graph of illumination intensity with time under complex illumination in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 10 shows the DC bus voltage U under complex illumination in the embodiment dc A graph of time;
FIG. 11 shows the photovoltaic panel output power P under complex illumination in the embodiment pv A graph of time;
FIG. 12 is a graph of battery current over time under complex illumination in a specific embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a graph of battery charge over time under complex illumination in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
In a first specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated system, where a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery are used as a load to supply power to the light storage integrated system, and the storage battery performs energy control through a bidirectional dc converter; comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
collecting output voltage U of photovoltaic panel pv Output current I pv DC bus voltage U dc And a load current I dc Calculating the output power P of the photovoltaic panel pv And load side required power P dc ：
If the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv -P dc Not less than 0, further direct current bus voltage U dc And a DC bus voltage charging critical value U dc_H Make a judgment if U dc ≥U dc_H Then, the state of the storage battery is subjected to charging control according to a preset working mode 1; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery power SOC>90%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 2; u shape dc_L Is a direct current bus voltage discharge critical value;
if the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv -P dc <0, further comparing the DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Make a judgment if U dc ≤U dc_L Then, the discharging control is carried out on the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 3; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery power SOC<15%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 4;
energy coordination control of multi-working-mode switching of the storage battery: in order to reasonably divide the working mode of the light storage integrated system, the output power P of the photovoltaic panel needs to be comprehensively considered pv Load side required power P dc And the direct current bus side voltage further improves the working efficiency of the system. Specifically, according to the energy flow direction and the control strategy, the layered dc bus photovoltaic energy storage system is firstly divided into two types of 4 different operation modes, the energy flow condition of which is shown in fig. 3 to 6,
the control method of the working mode 1 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is positioned at the maximum power point and based on the collected voltage U of the storage battery terminal b DC bus voltage U dc And the inductor current I L Controlling a switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter to enable the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a Buck mode, wherein a storage battery is in a charging state;
under the condition that the weather is clear and the illumination is sufficient, the photovoltaic array outputs power P in the working mode 1 pv Greater than the load side power demand P dc At this time, the DC bus voltage U dc >U dc_H The bidirectional DC-DC converter works in a Buck mode and absorbs the surplus energy of photovoltaic power generation. In particular, when the battery voltage is low, the constant current charging is automatically switched.
The control method of the working mode 2 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is in a constant voltage mode, the bidirectional direct current converter is in a shutdown state, and the storage battery is in an idle state;
in working mode 2, P pv >P dc Is still true and the battery is fully charged, i.e. SOC>90% and U dc_L <U dc <U dc_H At this time, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is in a shutdown state and neither charges nor discharges. Considering the photovoltaic array power surplus, the storage battery is in a charging stop state, and at the moment, the photovoltaic power generation system is switched to be in a direct current bus voltage reference value U ref The target constant pressure working state is achieved.
The control method of the working mode 3 comprises the following steps: enabling the photovoltaic panel to be in a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode and based on the collected voltage U of the storage battery terminal b DC bus voltage U dc And the inductor current I L Controlling a switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter to enable the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a Boost mode, wherein a storage battery is in a discharge state;
the working mode 3 mostly occurs in rainy days with insufficient illumination, and the photovoltaic array outputs the maximum power P at the moment pv Is not enough to provide the load side required power P dc I.e. P pv <P dc Dc bus voltage U dc ＜U dc_L And at the moment, the storage battery is boosted and discharged through a Boost mode. It can be seen that in this mode, the photovoltaic array and the battery together provide power to the load.
The control method of the working mode 4 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is in the maximum power point, the bidirectional direct current converter is in the shutdown state, and the storage battery is in the idle state.
The working mode 4 mostly occurs in the case of insufficient illumination or increased load, and the photovoltaic power generation power is still lower than the load demand, i.e. P pv <P dc . Considering that the SOC of the battery is lower than 15%, in order to avoid over-discharging the battery, the Buck/Boost converter should be in a shutdown state, and the Boost converter maintains the working state of the maximum power point. In particular, in view of the continued lack of photovoltaic output power supply, part of the load may be selectively cut off by the user. The four working modes are based on a storage battery voltage-current double closed-loop active disturbance rejection controller, and benefit from the active disturbance rejection function based on a differential controller, the switching of the multiple working modes of the storage battery depends on the working states of the storage battery and the photovoltaic array, and the switching logic is shown in fig. 1.
In FIG. 1, firstFor photovoltaic side, load side and storage battery side voltage and current U pv 、I pv 、U dc 、I dc 、U b 、I b Sampling is carried out, and then the photovoltaic output power P is obtained pv And load side power P dc And judging the working state of the storage battery according to the relation, and determining a specific working mode by further considering the charge-discharge state of the storage battery.
Taking the current work mode 2 of the system as an example, at this time, the illumination intensity is high, the photovoltaic power generation power flows to the load, and the rest part is charged to the storage battery. When the charging of the storage battery reaches the upper limit, U dc >U dc_H Then the mode is automatically switched to the operation mode 1. If the illumination is suddenly weakened at the moment, the photovoltaic power generation is not enough to provide the power at the direct current bus side, the working mode 3 is entered, and the power required at the load side is provided by the storage battery and the photovoltaic array together. If the illumination intensity is continuously low at the moment, the charge state of the storage battery reaches a critical value, the system is switched to the working mode 4, and a user actively cuts off part of the adjustable load, so that the system is rapidly switched from the working mode 3 to the working mode 4. When the illumination intensity returns to a stronger level, the system switches directly from mode 4 or mode 3 to mode 2.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the implementation process of the operation mode 1 includes: when terminal voltage U of battery b Lower than constant voltage charging voltage U cv Charging a constant voltage U cv Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 2 Regulating to constant charging current I via upper limit value cg Amplitude limiter K of 2 First outputs I after amplitude limiting cg A first reaction of cg As a variable limiter K 1 The upper limit of (1) to realize rapid constant current charging at a low battery voltage, along with the battery terminal voltage U b Step-up, limiter K 2 The output value is reduced, and the charging of the storage battery is slowed down;
when terminal voltage U of battery b Higher than constant voltage charging voltage U cv Charging a constant voltage U cv Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 2 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by an amplitude limiter K 2 After amplitude limiting, the output result is 0, and 0 is taken as a variable amplitude limiter K 1 The upper limit of (d); DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 1 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by a variable limiter K 1 Limiting the amplitude at the upper limit of 0 to limit the set value I of the inductive current L_set <0, preventing the storage battery from being overcharged.
The implementation process of the working mode 3 comprises the following steps: when terminal voltage U of battery b Higher than discharge cutoff voltage U cg Cut off the discharge by a voltage U cg Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 3 Regulated by maximum discharge current I cut Amplitude limiter K of 3 First output I after limiting cut Is shown by cut As a variable limiter K 3 The maximum current discharge under the condition of higher voltage of the storage battery is realized along with the voltage U of the storage battery end b Reducing, limiting device K 3 The output is increased, and the discharge of the storage battery is slowed;
when terminal voltage U of battery b Below discharge cutoff voltage U cg Cut off the discharge by a voltage U cg Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 3 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by an amplitude limiter K 3 After amplitude limiting, the output result is 0, and 0 is taken as a variable amplitude limiter K 1 The lower limit of (d); DC bus voltage U dc And the discharge critical value U of the DC bus voltage dc_L Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 1 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by a variable limiter K 1 Limiting the amplitude with 0 as the lower limit so as to limit the set value I of the inductive current L_set >0, preventing the storage battery from over-discharging.
In the embodiment, based on a combined model of the storage battery, the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the DC bus, a voltage-current double closed-loop control strategy is adopted according to power fluctuation of the storage battery and the DC bus, namely an outer ring is a DC bus voltage control ring, an inner ring is a current ring, the storage battery is divided into three states of charging, discharging and idling, and the working state of the storage battery is controlled through the voltage outer ring, so that the storage battery is realizedThe active disturbance rejection function of (1). Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, power fluctuation of the dc bus is considered, taking a PI control method commonly used in practical engineering as an example, the upper half section in fig. 2 is a voltage and current double closed-loop control block diagram, which includes a dc bus voltage control outer loop and a current inner loop, corresponding to the voltage outer loop, and according to a dc bus voltage discharge critical value U dc_L And DC bus voltage charging critical value U dc_H The storage battery is divided into three states of charging, discharging and idling; corresponding current inner loop, I cut And I cg Respectively, the maximum discharge current and the constant current charging current of the storage battery, U cv And U cg Respectively, and constant voltage charging voltage and discharging cutoff voltage values.
Assuming that the storage battery is in the charging process, the voltage U of the direct current bus dc >U dc_H When the voltage of the battery U is b Higher than constant voltage charging value U cv Time, amplitude limiter K 2 The output result is 0 and acts as a variable limiter K 1 Thereby limiting the inductor current set point I L_set <And 0, realizing the overcharge prevention of the storage battery. During the discharge process, U dc <U dc_L When the voltage of the storage battery U b Below discharge cutoff voltage U cg At this time, the limiter K 3 Lower limit value becomes 0, i.e. set value of inductor current I L_set >0 limits its discharge. PI (proportional integral) 1 、PI 2 And PI 3 And respectively corresponding to the proportional terms when the PI control is applied in each self-control mode.
Still further, based on the set value of the inductive current I L_set The control of the switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter comprises the following steps:
setting value I of inductive current by adopting differential tracker TD L_set Tracking is carried out with a tracking value x 1 ；
The inductor current I L And the tracking value x 1 Obtaining a current feedback error e by differentiating; taking the current feedback error e as the input of a nonlinear PI controller constructed by a fal function:
if the | e | > delta, the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function enables the current feedback error e to quickly approach 0 through control;
if | e | is less than or equal to δ, the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function processes the current feedback error e through the low-pass filtering characteristic;
after the output of the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function is subjected to PWM modulation, a switch tube control signal of the bidirectional direct current converter is output;
where δ is the filter factor.
The phenomenon of overcharge and overdischarge can be avoided by adding an amplitude limiting link in the charging and discharging process of the storage battery, the signal smoothness in the working mode switching process of the storage battery is ensured by introducing a differential tracker, and the overshoot problem caused by signal mutation in the traditional method is avoided. The current inner loop firstly passes through a TD differential tracker to set a current value I L_set Tracking is performed, and then a bidirectional dc converter is driven by a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method.
And (3) jointly modeling the storage battery, the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the direct current bus as shown in the combined drawing 2. In the aspect of modeling, the connection relation among the storage battery, the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the direct current bus is really considered, a voltage-current double closed-loop control strategy is designed for the bidirectional direct current converter, and the energy coordination control of active disturbance rejection and multi-working-mode switching of the storage battery is realized.
The combined modeling of the storage battery, the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the direct current bus comprises the following steps:
establishing a storage battery model:
for the battery of fig. 2, taking a valve-regulated lead-acid battery commonly used in practical systems as an example, the battery is different from a traditional electrochemical model, and an equivalent circuit model is adopted, as shown in fig. 7, where E is a voltage source, and R is a voltage source 1 、R 2 And C are the internal resistance, polarization resistance and capacitance of the battery, respectively, and there is the following circuit relationship,
E＝E 0 -K E (273+θ)(1-SOC)，
wherein, E 0 Is the open circuit voltage, K, of the battery in the fully charged state E The voltage-temperature coefficient is usually provided by the manufacturer, SOC is the battery capacity, and θ is the electrolyte temperature.
Considering the fact that the change of the internal resistance of the battery can be used for detecting the degradation degree of the battery, and considering the influence of polarization resistance and capacitance on the dynamic performance of the battery, the equivalent circuit parameters of the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery in fig. 7 can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003779356950000091
wherein R is 0 Ohmic internal resistance in the fully charged state of the battery, I 0 And I m Respectively, nominal current and actual through current of the battery, A 1 、A 2 Is constant, SOC and DOC are battery capacity and state of health representations, tau is time constant, R' 0 Is a constant resistance.
From the above formula, the influence of polarization phenomenon on the system output is large in the battery working process. Here, the battery discharge charge amount is defined as Q c Initial charge amount of Q 0 Then, the change of charge of the battery during charging and discharging can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003779356950000092
considering the influence of different temperatures and different working currents of the electrolyte on the battery capacity, let C 0 The battery capacity at 0 ℃ of the electrolyte, and the battery discharge current I are as follows:
Figure BDA0003779356950000093
K C 、K T and delta are all relevant constants of the battery, and can be calculated by test data of the battery at different temperatures, so that the expressions of the battery electric quantity SOC and the battery health state DOC are obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003779356950000094
wherein I av ＝I m /(τs+1)。
Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that the acquisition of parameters such as circuit elements, battery capacity, and state of health of the storage battery equivalent model all needs to take the battery temperature into consideration for correction, and in combination with practical engineering experience, the battery temperature can be approximately solved as:
Figure BDA0003779356950000095
wherein, theta 0 Is the initial operating temperature, theta, of the battery a Is the ambient temperature, R, of the battery θ And C θ The thermal resistance and the specific heat capacity of the battery are respectively; and then an equivalent model of the valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery can be obtained.
Bidirectional DC/DC converter model:
the bidirectional DC/DC converter in fig. 2 is a key device for connecting the storage battery and the DC bus, and plays a role in bidirectional energy flow and power balance. Considering that an energy storage system has no rigid requirement on isolation insulation and gives consideration to the size and the cost performance of equipment, the non-isolation type bidirectional Buck/Boost converter is selected in the embodiment, wherein the U is b Is the battery voltage, S 1 And S 2 Is a switching tube, L is an inductor, C b And C dc Respectively, a battery-side and a load-side filter capacitance.
In particular, according to the switching tube S 1 And S 2 Can divide the system into a Boost mode and a Buck mode. When the accumulator needs to be charged, the switch tube S 2 Off, S 1 Driven by a pulse signal. Specifically, when S 1 When conducting, the inductor absorbs energy from the DC bus, S 1 After the shutdown, the inductor current continues to release energy to the battery side because the inductor current cannot suddenly change. Based on the principle of energy conservation of charging and discharging of an inductor, the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003779356950000101
in the formula t on Represents the on time;
when the accumulator is discharged, the switch tube S 1 Turning off, locking corresponding diode, and corresponding switch tube T 1 The inductor respectively releases and absorbs energy, and is conserved in a period, the energy of the storage battery flows to a load on the side of the direct current bus, and the voltage relationship is as follows:
Figure BDA0003779356950000102
the design of the storage battery voltage-current double closed loop active disturbance rejection controller:
aiming at a combined modeling and control block diagram of a storage battery, a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a direct current bus in fig. 2, a current inner ring firstly carries out a differential tracker on a current set value I L_set Performing tracking, wherein x 1 To track the value, x 2 Is x 1 A derivative of (A) and
Figure BDA0003779356950000106
bounded, its mathematical expression is:
Figure BDA0003779356950000103
where h is the filtering factor and r is the fast and slow factor. Specifically, in the implementation process, each signal is discretized, and the obtained discretized differential tracker is:
Figure BDA0003779356950000104
in the formula h 0 Is the initial value of the filtering factor h,
Figure BDA0003779356950000105
v (k) is I for defined intermediate variables L_set A discrete value of (d).
Let X (0) be [ X ] 1 (0),x 2 (0)]In order to enable the system to reach the control target without overshoot in the shortest time, the system is assumed to reach a steady state in k steps, the above equation is solved, and 1) k is equal to 1, 2) k is equal to 2, and 3) k is equal to or more than 3Respectively discussing different conditions to obtain the fastest control comprehensive function fhan (x) 1 ,x 2 R, h) is:
Figure BDA0003779356950000111
in the formula d, a 0 、y、a 1 、a 2 、s y A and s a Are all intermediate variables in the calculation process, and the replacement relationship is shown as above.
Still further, sampling the current value I L And tracking quantity x 1 Making the current feedback error e equal to I L -x 1 The control block diagram of the nonlinear PI controller input constructed as the fal function is shown in fig. 8:
the data processing process of the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003779356950000112
wherein a is a nonlinear factor.
I.e. current feedback error | e>Delta, the nonlinear feedback makes the system state converge to the tracking signal quickly, i.e. the error e approaches to 0 quickly; otherwise, let k 1 ＝1/δ 1-a The output of the integral link is y, and then there is y/x 1 ＝k i /(s/k 1 +1) with certain low-pass filtering characteristics.
It can be seen that when the current set point is suddenly changed, thanks to the control of the differential tracker, the tracking signal x 1 Smooth transition is realized, and the overshoot problem caused by sudden signal change of the traditional PID is avoided.
By way of example, the battery may be, but is not limited to, a valve regulated lead acid battery.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the method of the present invention is verified by simulation performance experiments, wherein the circuit parameters in fig. 2 are shown in table 1, and the proportional term k of the PI controller parameters p 0.24, integral term k i 340.5, inductance L in bidirectional Buck/Boost converter is 1mH, C b 440 muF, nonlinear PI controller k based on fal function p ＝2.4，k i ＝41.6。
TABLE 1 System Circuit parameters
Figure BDA0003779356950000113
Figure BDA0003779356950000121
Considering that real illumination is relatively complex, simulation is performed by taking several typical illumination intensity variations as examples, and simulation results are shown in fig. 9 to 13, where fig. 9 is a simulated illumination intensity variation condition mostly occurring in sunny cloudy weather, cloud layer shielding and motion are considered, and the illumination intensity is 1000W/m at 1.5s 2 Step-up to 1500W/m 2 And 4s time dip is 500W/m 2 . FIG. 10 shows the bus voltage U dc In the visible starting phase, the bus voltage is lower than U dc_L And the system works in a mode 3, namely the storage battery works in a discharging state, and the auxiliary photovoltaic panels supplement energy required by the load together. Particularly, when the voltage of the load side is lower, the storage battery discharges with the maximum discharge current thanks to a variable amplitude limiting link in a control strategy of the bidirectional direct current converter, and then enters a normal discharge mode, the voltage of the load side is stabilized at 396V-405V, the fluctuation rate is about 1.25%, and the steady-state performance index of the direct current bus voltage +/-10% is met. FIG. 11 shows the photovoltaic output power P pv When the illumination intensity suddenly increases, the photovoltaic panel tracks the maximum power point in real time, the output power suddenly increases from 100W to 172W, the storage battery is switched to the charging state because the photovoltaic side power generation power is larger than the load power demand, and fig. 12 shows the current i of the storage battery b When the system switches to mode 1, the SOC of the battery in fig. 13 increases linearly; and when the illumination intensity is suddenly reduced, the visible photovoltaic output power is stabilized at about 32.8W and is difficult to meet the load requirement, at the moment, the system is switched to a mode 3, and the storage battery passes throughThe DC converter discharges, and the bus voltage is stabilized at 400.6V without overshoot.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that various dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (6)

1. A storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for a light storage integrated system is disclosed, wherein a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery are adopted by the light storage integrated system to supply power for a load, and the storage battery performs energy control through a bidirectional direct current converter; which is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
collecting photovoltaic panel output voltage U pv Output current I pv DC bus voltage U dc And a load current I dc Calculating the output power P of the photovoltaic panel pv And the load side required power P dc ：
If the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv -P dc Not less than 0, further direct current bus voltage U dc And a DC bus voltage charging critical value U dc_H Make a judgment if U dc ≥U dc_H Then, the state of the storage battery is subjected to charging control according to a preset working mode 1; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery power SOC>90%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 2; u shape dc_L Is a direct current bus voltage discharge critical value;
if the power difference Δ P is equal to P pv -P dc <0, further comparing the DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Make a judgment if U dc ≤U dc_L Then press the preset workMode 3 performs discharge control on the state of the storage battery; if U is dc_L <U dc <U dc_H And the battery power SOC<15%, controlling the state of the storage battery according to a preset working mode 4;
the control method of the working mode 1 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is positioned at the maximum power point and based on the collected voltage U of the storage battery terminal b DC bus voltage U dc And the inductor current I L Controlling a switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter to enable the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a Buck mode, wherein a storage battery is in a charging state;
the control method of the working mode 2 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is in a constant voltage mode, the bidirectional direct current converter is in a shutdown state, and the storage battery is in an idle state;
the control method of the working mode 3 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is positioned at the maximum power point and based on the collected voltage U of the storage battery terminal b DC bus voltage U dc And the inductor current I L Controlling a switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter to enable the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a Boost mode, wherein a storage battery is in a discharge state;
the control method of the working mode 4 comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic panel is in the maximum power point, the bidirectional direct current converter is in the shutdown state, and the storage battery is in the idle state.
2. The battery energy coordination control method suitable for the light-storage integrated system according to claim 1,
the implementation process of the working mode 1 comprises the following steps: when terminal voltage U of battery b Lower than constant voltage charging voltage U cv Charging a constant voltage U cv Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 2 Regulated by a constant charging current I cg Is limited by an amplitude limiter K 2 First outputs I after amplitude limiting cg Is shown by cg As a variable limiter K 1 The upper limit of (1) to realize rapid constant-current charging of the storage battery along with the terminal voltage U of the storage battery b Step-up, limiter K 2 The output value is reduced, and the charging of the storage battery is slowed down;
when terminal voltage U of battery b Higher than constant voltage charging voltage U cv Charging a constant voltage U cv Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 2 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by an amplitude limiter K 2 After amplitude limiting, the output result is 0, and 0 is taken as a variable amplitude limiter K 1 The upper limit of (d); DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 1 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by a variable limiter K 1 Limiting the amplitude with 0 as the upper limit so as to limit the set value I of the inductive current L_set <0, preventing the storage battery from being overcharged.
3. The energy coordination control method for the storage battery of the light-storage integrated system according to claim 2,
the implementation process of the working mode 3 comprises the following steps: when terminal voltage U of battery b Higher than discharge cutoff voltage U cg Cut off the discharge by a voltage U cg Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 3 Regulated by maximum discharge current I cut Amplitude limiter K of 3 First outputs I after amplitude limiting cut Is shown by cut As a variable limiter K 3 To achieve maximum current discharge of the battery as a function of the terminal voltage U of the battery b Reducing, limiting device K 3 The output is increased, and the discharge of the storage battery is slowed;
when terminal voltage U of battery b Below discharge cutoff voltage U cg Cut off the discharge by a voltage U cg Terminal voltage U with storage battery b Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 3 Adjusting the result of the adjustment through an amplitude limiter K 3 After amplitude limiting, the output result is 0, and 0 is taken as a variable amplitude limiter K 1 The lower limit of (d); DC bus voltage U dc And the voltage discharge critical value U of the DC bus dc_L Is passed through a proportional integrator PI 1 Adjusting the result of the adjustment by a variable limiter K 1 Limiting the amplitude with 0 as the lower limit so as to limit the set value I of the inductive current L_set >0, preventing the storage battery from being excessiveAnd (4) discharging.
4. The storage battery energy coordination control method suitable for light-storage integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that based on the set value of the inductive current I L_set The control of the switching tube of the bidirectional direct current converter comprises the following steps:
setting value I of inductive current by adopting differential tracker TD L_set Tracking is carried out with a tracking value x 1 ；
Current of inductor I L And the tracking value x 1 Obtaining a current feedback error e by difference; taking the current feedback error e as the input of a nonlinear PI controller constructed by a fal function:
if the | e | > delta, the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function enables the current feedback error e to quickly approach 0 through control;
if | e | is less than or equal to δ, the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function processes the current feedback error e through the low-pass filtering characteristic;
after the output of the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function is subjected to PWM modulation, a switching tube control signal of the bidirectional direct current converter is output;
where δ is the filter factor.
5. The energy coordination control method for the storage battery of the light-storage integrated system according to claim 4,
the data processing process of the nonlinear PI controller constructed by the fal function comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003779356940000031
wherein a is a nonlinear factor.
6. The energy coordination control method for the storage battery suitable for the integrated light-storage system is characterized in that the storage battery is a valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery.
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