CN115133386A - Narrow-spectrum optical fiber oscillator - Google Patents
Narrow-spectrum optical fiber oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN115133386A CN115133386A CN202211047229.1A CN202211047229A CN115133386A CN 115133386 A CN115133386 A CN 115133386A CN 202211047229 A CN202211047229 A CN 202211047229A CN 115133386 A CN115133386 A CN 115133386A
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- fiber
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
Abstract
The invention provides a narrow-spectrum optical fiber oscillator, which comprises a long optical fiber, a coupler, a mode matcher, a pumping source, a beam combiner, a low-reflection grating, a gain optical fiber and a high-reflection grating pair, wherein the pumping source is connected with one pumping arm of the beam combiner; the second end of the beam combiner is used as the output end of the oscillator, the second end of the beam combiner is sequentially connected with the mode matcher and the coupler, one output arm of the coupler is connected with the long optical fiber, and the end face introduced by the flat end face of the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is reflected and fed back to the oscillator through the coupler so as to stabilize the output time sequence of the other output arm of the coupler. The invention widens the concept of the composite cavity, introduces the high-reflection grating pair into the oscillation cavity, introduces the feedback of the long optical fiber end surface outside the cavity, and has stable output laser time sequence and better power amplification potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber laser, in particular to a narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator.
Background
With the development of the cladding pumping technology, the large mode field fiber technology and the increasing application demand of high-power fiber lasers, the output power of the fiber lasers has been greatly improved, wherein the maximum output power of the all-fiber oscillator has reached 8kW, and the maximum output power of the amplifier has reached 20 kW. However, due to the influence of Transverse Mode Instability (TMI) and many nonlinear effects such as Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), four-wave mixing (FWM), etc., single fiber power is difficult to break through further, and currently, single fiber outputs the highest power in the order of ten thousand watts. For some applications with higher power requirements, single fiber power cannot be met.
Beam combining is an important means for further increasing the laser power, and at present, coherent combining and spectral combining are two beam combining schemes which are more promising for realizing high-power beam combining and maintaining better beam quality. Both of these solutions require high power narrow spectrum laser units. The narrow-spectrum oscillator has the characteristics of compact structure, convenience in heat management and the like, can be used as a seed source of a narrow-spectrum amplifier under low power, and has the potential of being directly used as a laser unit for incoherent light beam synthesis under high power.
The oscillator with a simple structure has self-mode-locking pulses with high peak power, which are inevitable in time sequence due to the inherent cavity structure, and the high peak power can cause the nonlinear effect to be excited at a lower average power, which is not beneficial to further increasing the power of the oscillator. A double low-reflection composite cavity structure can play a role in stabilizing time sequence, but the wide low reflection is introduced outside a cavity to enable the line width of a laser to be widened quickly, and the narrow low reflection is introduced outside the cavity to easily cause the power efficiency of the laser to be reduced due to different temperature drifts of gratings, so that the application of the laser in a high-power narrow-spectrum fiber laser is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator, which can suppress relaxation-like oscillation and self-mode-locked pulse in a multi-longitudinal mode oscillator while substantially maintaining the original line width broadening characteristic of the oscillator.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator comprises a long fiber, a coupler, a mode matcher, a pumping source, a beam combiner, a low-reflection grating, a gain fiber and a high-reflection grating pair, wherein the pumping source is connected with a pumping arm of the beam combiner, the first end of the beam combiner is sequentially connected with the low-reflection grating, the gain fiber and the high-reflection grating pair, the high-reflection grating pair is formed by connecting two high-reflection gratings in series, the high-reflection grating pair forms a normal distribution cavity, the second end of the beam combiner is used as the output end of the oscillator, the second end of the beam combiner is sequentially connected with the mode matcher and the coupler, the coupler is provided with two output arms, one output arm of the coupler is connected with the long optical fiber, the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is provided with a flat end face, and the end face introduced by the flat end face of the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is reflected and fed back to the oscillator through the coupler so as to stabilize the output time sequence of the other output arm of the coupler.
Furthermore, the high-reflection grating pair is formed by connecting two wide-bandwidth high-reflection gratings in series. In the high reflection grating pair, the reflectivity of the high reflection grating close to the low reflection grating is preferably 50% -99%, and the reflectivity of the other high reflection grating is preferably 99%.
Further, the pump source is a semiconductor pump source.
Furthermore, the beam combiner is a side pump beam combiner.
Furthermore, the distance between the optical fibers connected in series between the two high-reflection gratings forming the high-reflection grating pair is different from meter level to hundred meter level.
Further, the gain fiber length is meter-level.
Further, the type of the gain fiber is not limited, and the gain fiber is a graded-index fiber, or other refractive-index-profile fiber, such as a step-index fiber, a W-type fiber, etc. The gain fiber may be a pure silica-based fiber, or a phosphorus-doped fiber, a germanium-doped fiber, or the like.
Further, the coupler connected at the laser output matches the size of the optical fiber connected.
Further, the bandwidth of the low-reflection grating is in the order of ten to hundred picometers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can produce the following technical effects:
the invention widens the concept of the composite cavity, introduces the high-reflection grating pair in the oscillation cavity, introduces the feedback of the long optical fiber end surface outside the cavity, has stable output laser time sequence and better power amplification potential, and has application prospect in a high-power narrow-spectrum optical fiber laser.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary of the invention and that other drawings may be derived by those skilled in the art from the construction shown in these drawings without inventive step.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing standard deviations of timing results of measurements based on the structures shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a comparison of spectra obtained from the structure shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 after transmission of the output laser light from the oscillator through a long optical fiber according to an embodiment;
reference numbers in the figures:
1. the tail fiber is a long optical fiber with a flat end face; 2. a coupler; 3. a pattern matcher; 4. a pump source; 5. a beam combiner; 6. low-reflection grating; 7. a gain fiber; 8. a highly reflective grating pair; 9. high-reflection grating; 10. the pigtail has a long fiber with a beveled end face.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment, the narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator includes a long fiber, a coupler 2, a mode matcher 3, a pump source 4, a beam combiner 5, a low reflective grating 6, a gain fiber 7, and a high reflective grating pair 8, where the pump source 4 is connected to a pump arm of the beam combiner 5, a first end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the low reflective grating 6, the gain fiber 7, and the high reflective grating pair 8, the high reflective grating pair 8 is formed by connecting two high reflective gratings in series, the high reflective grating pair 8 forms a normal distribution cavity, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is used as an output end of the oscillator, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the mode matcher 3 and the coupler 2, the coupler 2 has two output arms, one output arm of the coupler 2 is connected to the long fiber, the long fiber is a long fiber 1 with a flat end face for a tail fiber, an end face introduced from the flat end face of the long fiber is reflected and fed back to the oscillator through the coupler 2, and the other output arm of the coupler 2 is stabilized The output timing of (1). Wherein the high-reflection grating pair 8 is formed by connecting two wide-bandwidth high-reflection gratings in series. In the high reflecting grating pair 8, the reflectivity of the high reflecting grating close to the low reflecting grating is preferably 50% -99%, and the reflectivity of the other high reflecting grating is preferably 99%. The low reflecting grating realizes the functions of laser wavelength selection, narrow spectrum compression, laser output and the like. The high-reflection grating pair 8 forms a normal distribution cavity which can realize the filtering of a specific wavelength longitudinal mode, wherein the wavelength interval is determined by the length of an optical fiber between two high-reflection gratings in the high-reflection grating pair 8. Since the self-mode-locked pulse mainly comes from self-phase locking of the laser which periodically returns in the cavity, and the broadband chirp high-energy can introduce extra dispersion phase in the cavity, the coherence of the laser in a frequency domain is reduced, and the formation of the self-mode-locked pulse can be alleviated to a certain extent.
The pump source 4 is a semiconductor pump source. The beam combiner 5 is a side pump beam combiner. The pumping laser output by the pumping source 4 is coupled by a beam combiner 5 and enters a gain optical fiber 7 through a low reflecting grating 6, the gain optical fiber 7 generates spontaneous radiation after being pumped, in the process of transmitting and oscillating the spontaneous radiation laser in an oscillation cavity, the wavelength selection is carried out by the low reflecting grating 6, a normal distribution cavity formed by a high reflecting grating pair 8 provides extra dispersion and filters a specific longitudinal mode, after multiple oscillations, continuous laser with stable time sequence is obtained and is output through a coupler 2, one output arm of the coupler 2 is connected with a long optical fiber, the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is provided with a flat end face, and the end face reflection introduced by the flat end face of the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is fed back to the oscillator through the coupler so as to further stabilize the output time sequence of the other output arm of the coupler. I.e. the long fiber connected to one output arm of the coupler transmits and provides feedback to the oscillator by reflection at the end face of the long fiber, which can further smooth the output timing of the other output arm of the coupler.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator includes a long fiber, a coupler 2, a mode matcher 3, a pump source 4, a beam combiner 5, a low reflective grating 6, a gain fiber 7, and a high reflective grating 9, where the pump source 4 is connected to a pump arm of the beam combiner 5, a first end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the low reflective grating 6, the gain fiber 7, and the high reflective grating 9, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is used as an output end of the oscillator, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the mode matcher 3 and the coupler 2, the coupler 2 is provided with two output arms, one output arm of the coupler 2 is connected with a long optical fiber 1, the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is provided with a flat end face, the end face introduced by the flat end face of the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is reflected and fed back to the oscillator through the coupler 2, and the output time sequence of the other output arm of the coupler 2 is stabilized. The embodiment shown in fig. 2 is to replace the high-reflectivity grating pair 8 of fig. 1 with a single high-reflectivity grating 9.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator includes a long fiber, a coupler 2, a mode matcher 3, a pumping source 4, a beam combiner 5, a low reflective grating 6, a gain fiber 7, and a high reflective grating pair 8, where the pumping source 4 is connected to one pumping arm of the beam combiner 5, a first end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the low reflective grating 6, the gain fiber 7, and the high reflective grating pair 8, where the high reflective grating pair 8 is formed by connecting two high reflective gratings in series, the high reflective grating pair 8 forms a normal distribution cavity, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is used as an output end of the oscillator, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the mode matcher 3 and the coupler 2, the coupler 2 has two output arms, one output arm of the coupler 2 is connected to the long fiber, and the long fiber is a long fiber 10 whose tail fiber has an oblique end face. The embodiment shown in fig. 3 is to replace the long optical fiber 1 of fig. 1 with a pigtail having a flat end face with a long optical fiber 10 with a pigtail having an angled end face.
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator includes a long fiber, a coupler 2, a mode matcher 3, a pump source 4, a beam combiner 5, a low reflective grating 6, a gain fiber 7, and a high reflective grating 9, where the pump source 4 is connected to one pump arm of the beam combiner 5, a first end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the low reflective grating 6, the gain fiber 7, and the high reflective grating 9, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is used as an output end of the oscillator, a second end of the beam combiner 5 is sequentially connected to the mode matcher 3 and the coupler 2, the coupler 2 has two output arms, one output arm of the coupler 2 is connected to the long fiber, and the long fiber is a long fiber 10 whose tail fiber has an oblique end face. The embodiment shown in fig. 4 is to replace the high-reflectivity grating pair 8 in fig. 3 with a high-reflectivity grating 9.
In one embodiment, the structure shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4 is used, wherein the structure shown in fig. 1 is simply referred to as chamber 1, the structure shown in fig. 2, referred to simply as cavity 2, the structure shown in fig. 3, referred to simply as cavity 3, and the structure shown in fig. 4, referred to simply as cavity 4, were subjected to comparative experiments based on the same devices and parameters, the results as shown in fig. 3 can be used to measure the oscillator timing smoothness, mainly by using photodetectors to detect the output laser power changes over time for different cavities and normalizing the standard deviation, the standard difference values of the time sequence measurement of different cavities are compared, and the comparison of the cavity 3 and the cavity 4 verifies that the output time sequence fluctuation of the composite cavity with the double high-inverse structure is more stable than that of a common oscillator under the same power, and moreover, the long optical fiber (the cavity 2) is independently introduced outside the cavity to be compared with the cavity 4, so that the end face feedback of the long optical fiber can further smooth the time sequence. Comparing the laser timing standard deviation curves of the cavity 1 and the cavity 3, the timing sequence of the composite cavity with the double high-inverse structure is further stable after the end face feedback of the long optical fiber is added. As shown in fig. 4, the output spectrum results of the oscillators with four structures after outputting the lengthened optical fiber are compared with the spectra of the lasers output by different oscillators after being transmitted through the long optical fiber, so that the threshold of the stimulated raman scattering generated by the oscillator with the composite cavity and the lengthened optical fiber feedback structure is remarkably improved, which is a side impression of the time sequence stability of the composite cavity.
The narrow-spectrum optical fiber oscillator is designed, the gain optical fiber adopted by the oscillator is short, the number of longitudinal modes is small, a normal distribution cavity formed by the high-reflection grating pair can further filter a part of longitudinal modes, the service life of the cavity is prolonged, the time sequence is stably output, in addition, the end face feedback of the long optical fiber is introduced from the outside of the cavity to further stably output the time sequence, the threshold value of the nonlinear effect in the laser transmission process is improved, and the potential of further improving the power of the oscillator is increased.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator is characterized by comprising a long fiber, a coupler, a mode matcher, a pumping source, a beam combiner, a low-reflection grating, a gain fiber and a high-reflection grating pair, wherein the pumping source is connected with one pumping arm of the beam combiner, the first end of the beam combiner is sequentially connected with the low-reflection grating, the gain fiber and the high-reflection grating pair, the high-reflection grating pair is formed by connecting two high-reflection gratings in series, the high-reflection grating pair forms a normal distribution cavity, the second end of the beam combiner is used as the output end of the oscillator, the second end of the beam combiner is sequentially connected with the mode matcher and the coupler, the coupler is provided with two output arms, one output arm of the coupler is connected with the long optical fiber, the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is provided with a flat end face, and the end face introduced by the flat end face of the tail fiber of the long optical fiber is reflected and fed back to the oscillator through the coupler so as to stabilize the output time sequence of the other output arm of the coupler.
2. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the pump source is a semiconductor pump source.
3. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the combiner is a side pump combiner.
4. The narrow-spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the fiber spacing between two highly reflective gratings comprising a highly reflective grating pair in tandem is on the order of meters to hundred meters.
5. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the gain fiber length is on the order of meters.
6. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the gain fiber is a silica-based fiber or a phosphorous-doped fiber or a germanium-doped fiber.
7. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the gain fiber is a graded index or step index fiber.
8. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high reflectivity grating pair consists of two wide bandwidth high reflectivity gratings in series.
9. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 8, wherein in the high reflection grating pair, the high reflection grating adjacent to the low reflection grating has a reflectivity of 50% to 99%, and the other high reflection grating has a reflectivity of 99%.
10. The narrow spectrum fiber oscillator of claim 1, wherein the low-reflection grating has a bandwidth on the order of ten to hundred picometers.
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