CN115130246A - Parametric design method for diameters of intake and exhaust valves of diesel engines with different strengthening degrees - Google Patents
Parametric design method for diameters of intake and exhaust valves of diesel engines with different strengthening degrees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a parametric design method for diameters of intake and exhaust valves of diesel engines with different strengthening degrees, and belongs to the technical field of diesel engine optimization design. The method is used for designing the optimal diameter of the intake and exhaust valve under the corresponding strengthening degree when the strengthening degree of the diesel engine is changed; firstly, establishing a simulation calculation model of the diesel engine; then setting the diameter optimization range of the intake and exhaust valves; selecting a plurality of sample points in the set optimization range of the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve to obtain a sample set; after the optimization target is selected as the power of the diesel engine, the optimization method is adopted to search the intake and exhaust valve diameter with the maximum fitness function value in the set intake and exhaust valve diameter range to serve as the optimal intake and exhaust valve diameter under the corresponding strengthening degree. The optimal diameters of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are automatically calculated through the optimization method, and manual interference is not needed in the whole process, so that the design efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a parametric design method, in particular to a parametric design method for diameters of intake and exhaust valves of a diesel engine, and belongs to the technical field of optimization design of diesel engines.
Background
In recent years, diesel engines (referred to as "diesel engines") are continuously developed towards high power density, and besides structural parameters of the diesel engines, increasing the average effective pressure and the rotating speed of the diesel engines become main technical approaches and measures for increasing the power per liter, but no matter which measure is adopted, a high charge coefficient is a necessary condition. The high charge coefficient enables the diesel engine to intake more gas, inject more fuel per cycle, and emit more power.
The size of the valve is an important factor affecting the coefficient of charge. When the strengthening degree of the diesel engine is changed, the optimal air inlet and outlet diameters are also changed, so that after the strengthening degree of the diesel engine is changed, the optimization of the diameters of the air inlet and outlet valves becomes the primary work of valve design. At present, research methods for optimizing the diameters of intake and exhaust valves at home and abroad are mainly divided into two methods, namely experimental research and computer simulation. The instrument that experimental study used mainly is stationary flow air flue test bench, based on stationary flow air flue test bench, measures flow coefficient, vortex ratio and vortex intensity, the resistance characteristic isoparametric of the air inlet and exhaust passage of different air inlet and exhaust valve areas and evaluates the air flue characteristic with relevant evaluation method. Although the methods are relatively close to the actual situation, the technical requirements are high, the cost is high, and the popularization is inconvenient. The computer simulation method can greatly reduce the product development cost and shorten the product development period. At present, the optimal design of the air valve is carried out by adopting computer simulation, the diameters of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve in a simulation model are manually adjusted, after the diameters of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are changed each time, simulation calculation is carried out, and the optimal diameters of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are obtained by repeating the steps for many times. The adjustment of the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve is a time-consuming step, the fine adjustment unit of the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve reaches 0.1 millimeter level, the workload is large, manual intervention is needed for parameter adjustment, and manual comparison is needed for final calculation results.
In conclusion, the prior art has the defects of high cost, high technical requirement, time consumption and labor consumption due to manual intervention when the diameter of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine is optimized by adopting a computer simulation method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a parameterized design method for diameters of intake and exhaust valves of diesel engines with different strengthening degrees, by which the optimal diameters of the intake and exhaust valves are automatically calculated, and manual interference is not required in the whole process, thereby greatly improving the design efficiency.
The parametric design method of the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine under different strengthening degrees is used for designing the optimal diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve under the corresponding strengthening degrees when the strengthening degrees of the diesel engine are changed;
step 1: establishing a simulation calculation model of the diesel engine;
step 2: setting an optimal range of the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve;
and 3, step 3: selecting a plurality of sample points in the optimization range of the diameters of the intake and exhaust valves set in the step 2 to obtain a sample set; wherein each sample point comprises two parameters, namely an intake valve diameter and an exhaust valve diameter;
and 4, step 4: selecting an optimization target as diesel engine power; i.e. the fitness function f is a function of the diesel engine power P with respect to the intake valve diameter d1 and the exhaust valve diameter d 2: p ═ f (d1, d 2);
and 5: optimizing the diameters of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve:
and (3) searching the intake and exhaust valve diameter with the maximum fitness function value in the intake and exhaust valve diameter range set in the step (2) by adopting an optimization method to serve as the optimal intake and exhaust valve diameter under the corresponding strengthening degree.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, a simulation calculation model of the diesel engine is established by using Ricardo Wave;
in the step 5, the optimization adopts a combined simulation form of Matlab and Ricardo wave: and (2) establishing an optimized calculation model in Matlab, taking the model established in the Ricardo wave in the step 1 as a fitness calculation model, transmitting an intake and exhaust valve diameter value to the fitness calculation model in the Ricardo wave by the Matlab through an interface provided by the Ricardo wave, calculating the fitness value according to the received intake and exhaust valve diameter value by the Ricardo wave, and transmitting the fitness value to the optimized calculation model in the Matlab for the next round of optimization iteration.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, in step 1, after the simulation calculation model of the diesel engine is established, calibration of the simulation calculation model is performed according to the operation data of the real engine.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the optimized range of the diameter of the intake valve is (0.42-0.48) D, and the optimized range of the diameter of the exhaust valve is (0.34-0.41) D; wherein D is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, in step 3, a latin hypercube method is used to select sample points; when the Latin hypercube method is adopted to select sample points, an lhdesign function is selected by taking MTALAB software as a platform, the dimension of a sample space is 2, the layering number of the sample space is set to be 4, and the number of the selected sample points is not less than 10.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 5, the optimization method employs an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.
The method for optimizing the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve by adopting the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
401: initializing group particles, including initial position and velocity
The selection of the initial position of the particle is already completed in step 3, and the position of the particle i in the two-dimensional space is represented as a vector x i ＝(d 1 ,d 2 ) I is 1, 2, … …, N is the number of sample points in step 3, d 1 Is the diameter of the inlet valve, d 2 Is the intake valve diameter; velocity v of the initialization particle i i Comprises the following steps: v. of i ＝0.1·x i ；
402: calculating a fitness value for each particle
Substituting the position of each particle into the diesel engine simulation calculation model established in the step 1, and calculating the diesel engine power under each intake and exhaust diameter combination, namely calculating the fitness value of each particle;
403: calculating individual extrema and group extrema
For each particle, the current position is taken as the optimal position pb of the particle i (ii) a Selecting the position of the particle with the highest fitness value in the whole particles as the optimal position gb of the population;
404: updating the position and velocity of each particle according to its corresponding fitness value
v i ＝ω·v i +c 1 ·rand()·(pb i -x i )+c 2 ·rand()·(gb-x i )(1)
x i ＝x i +v i (2)
In formula (1) and formula (2), i is 1, 2, … …, N; x is the number of i Is the position of the ith particle; v. of i Is the velocity of the ith particle; and rand (): generating random numbers between (0, 1); c. C 1 、c 2 For learning factor, set to c 1 ＝c 2 2; gb is the optimal position found so far for all particles in the whole population; pb i The local optimum position searched so far for the ith particle; omega is an inertia factor;
405: calculating the fitness value of each particle after the position is updated;
406: updating individual extrema and group extrema:
comparing the fitness value of the current position of each particle with the fitness value of the best position it has experienced before, and if better, updating pb i (ii) a Comparing the fitness value of the current position of each particle with the fitness value of the best positions which are experienced by all the particles, and if the fitness value is higher, updating gb;
407: judging whether a set iteration termination condition is met, if so, ending the iteration, otherwise, returning to the step 404;
the termination condition is that the set maximum iteration number is reached or the global optimal fitness value is not changed any more.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the dynamic inertia factor is adopted, that is, before the position and the speed of the particle are updated, the inertia factor ω is updated by adopting the following formula:
ω max 、ω min the maximum value and the minimum value of the set omega are obtained, t is the current iteration step number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the traditional research on the diameter of an intake valve of a diesel engine focuses on mechanism research, namely how the diameter of the intake valve and the exhaust valve affects the power of the engine, and after an influence rule is obtained, the optimal diameter of the intake valve and the exhaust valve is obtained. The method comprises the specific steps of calculating the engine rule under each diameter combination by manually adjusting the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve under different strengthening degrees, and obtaining the optimal diameter of the intake valve and the exhaust valve by manually comparing results. According to the method, the optimal diameter of the intake and exhaust valve is automatically searched when the strengthening degree of the diesel engine is changed directly through an intelligent optimization algorithm, manual intervention is not needed in the whole process, the design efficiency is greatly improved, and the automation of the design of the diameter of the air valve is realized.
(2) The method adopted during optimization utilizes a Matlab and Ricardo Wave combined simulation mode, and overcomes the defect that Ricardo Wave software cannot automatically optimize the performance of the engine through the combined simulation mode.
(3) The Latin hypercube method is adopted to select the initial sample points, and the method is based on the idea of hierarchical sampling, so that the situation that the extracted sample points are too close to each other can be effectively avoided, and the comprehensiveness of the sampling result is ensured.
(4) After the simulation calculation model of the diesel engine is established, the simulation calculation model is calibrated according to the operation data of the real engine, so that the simulation precision of the simulation calculation model can be improved.
(5) When the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted for optimizing, compared with a fixed value, the dynamic inertia factor has a better optimizing result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of optimization using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
The embodiment provides a diesel engine intake and exhaust valve diameter parameterization design method capable of improving optimization efficiency and reducing manual intervention, wherein the intake and exhaust valves comprise intake valves and exhaust valves; the method is used for designing the optimal diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve under the corresponding strengthening degree when the strengthening degree of the diesel engine is changed.
The present embodiment is described by taking a two-valve (including an intake valve and an exhaust valve) diesel engine as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the specific scheme of the optimal design method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a simulation calculation model of the diesel engine, and calibrating the simulation calculation model
In the embodiment, a simulation calculation model of a certain supercharged diesel engine is established by means of Ricardo Wave, and the simulation calculation model is calibrated according to the operation data of the real engine.
Step two: given optimal range of intake and exhaust valve diameters
According to the cylinder diameter D of the supercharged diesel engine, the diameter range of an intake valve and an exhaust valve is preset according to empirical values: the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve are (0.42-0.48) D and (0.34-0.41) D, and the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve are optimized in the range.
Step three: selecting a plurality of sample points within the diameter range of the air inlet and outlet valve preset in the step two to obtain a sample set; wherein each sample point comprises two parameters, namely an intake valve diameter and an exhaust valve diameter; the sample set should ensure that the sample points are fully distributed with the space where the design variables (the design variables are the intake valve diameter and the exhaust valve diameter) are located.
In the embodiment, the sample points are selected by adopting a Latin hypercube method, the idea of the method is to perform layered sampling, and the condition that the sampling points are too close to each other can be effectively avoided. MTALAB software is used as a platform, an lhsd design function is selected, the dimension of a sample space is 2, the layering number of the sample space is set to be 4, the larger the layering number of sample points is, the more the selected sample points are, the higher the accuracy is, but the complexity of calculation is also correspondingly increased, the layering number is selected according to needs, but the total number of the sample points is not lower than 10.
Step four: selecting an optimization target:
when the strengthening degree (including supercharging pressure, compression ratio and the like) of the diesel engine is changed, the optimal diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the engine are also changed, and the standard for evaluating the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve is the power of the engine. Therefore, the optimization target is selected as diesel engine power; i.e. the fitness function f is a function of the diesel engine power P with respect to the intake valve diameter d1 and the exhaust valve diameter d 2: and f (d1, d2), and the adaptability value is the diesel power obtained by substituting the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve into the diesel simulation calculation model established in the step one.
Step five: optimizing the diameters of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve:
and searching the optimal diameter of the intake and exhaust valve as the optimized diameter of the intake and exhaust valve in the preset diameter range of the intake and exhaust valve by adopting an optimization method, wherein the diameter of the intake and exhaust valve with the maximum fitness value is the optimized diameter of the intake and exhaust valve.
The optimization method adopts a mode of Matlab and Ricardo wave combined simulation, namely an optimization calculation model (optimization algorithm) is established in Matlab, a fitness calculation model is a simulation calculation model established in Ricardo wave in step one, Matlab transmits an intake and exhaust valve diameter value to Ricardo wave through an interface provided by Ricardo wave, Ricardo wave calculates a fitness value (namely diesel engine power corresponding to the intake and exhaust valve diameter value) according to the value and transmits the fitness value to Matlab, and Matlab performs the next round of optimization iteration according to the fitness value, and the steps are repeated.
The defect that Ricardo Wave software cannot automatically optimize the performance of the engine is overcome by adopting a combined simulation optimization model of Ricardo Wave and Matlab and a combined simulation mode.
The optimization calculation model (optimization algorithm) is described in detail below:
in this example, the optimization method adopts an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, as shown in fig. 2, and specifically includes the following steps:
401: initializing a population of particles, including initial position and velocity:
the selection of the initial position of each particle (i.e. the initial value of each sample point) has been completed in step three, and the position of the particle i in the two-dimensional space is represented as a vector x i ＝(d 1 ,d 2 ) I is 1, 2, … …, N is the number of sample points selected in step three, d 1 Is the diameter of the inlet valve, d 2 Is the diameter of the exhaust valve; velocity v of the initialization particle i i Comprises the following steps: v. of i ＝0.1·x i ；
402: calculating a fitness value for each particle
And (4) substituting the position (equivalent to the diameter of the intake and exhaust valve) of each particle into the diesel engine simulation calculation model established in the step one, and calculating the diesel engine power under each intake and exhaust valve diameter combination, namely calculating the fitness value of each particle.
403: calculating individual extrema and group extrema
For each particle, the current position is taken as the optimal position pb of the particle i (ii) a The fitness value of each particle is compared with the fitness values of the whole particles, and the position of the particle with the highest fitness value is selected as the optimal position gb of the population (that is, the position of the particle with the highest fitness value in the whole particles is selected as the optimal position gb of the population).
404: updating an inertia factor
The inertia factor omega is not negative in value, controls the influence of the previous speed on the current speed, and is large in value, strong in global search capability, small in value and strong in local search capability. The dynamic inertia factor omega has a better optimizing result than a fixed value, the inertia factor omega is set to change linearly in the whole searching process, and a linear decreasing weight strategy is adopted:
ω max 、ω min respectively the maximum and minimum values of omega,t is the current iteration step number, t max For maximum number of iteration steps, set ω max ＝0.9，ω min ＝0.4。
405: updating the position and velocity of each particle according to its corresponding fitness value
v i ＝ω·v i +c 1 ·rand()·(pb i -x i )+c 2 ·rand()·(gb-x i ) (3)
x i ＝x i +v i (4)
In formula (1) and formula (2), i is 1, 2, … …, N; x is the number of i Is the position of the ith particle; v. of i Is the velocity of the ith particle; and rand (): generating random numbers between (0, 1); c. C 1 、c 2 For the learning factor, set to c 1 ＝c 2 2; gb is the optimal position found so far for all particles in the whole population; pb of i The local optimum position searched so far for the ith particle.
406: and calculating the fitness value of each particle after the position is updated.
And (4) substituting the updated position (equivalent to the diameter of the air inlet and outlet valve) of each particle into the diesel engine simulation calculation model established in the step one, and calculating the diesel engine power under each air inlet and outlet diameter combination, namely the fitness value of each particle after position updating.
407: and updating the individual extremum and the group extremum.
Comparing the fitness value of each particle's current location with the fitness value of the best location it has previously experienced, and if better, taking its current location as the pb of the particle i (ii) a The fitness value of the current position of each particle is compared with the fitness value of the best position experienced by the whole particles, and if higher, gb is updated.
408: it is checked whether an iteration end condition is fulfilled.
It is checked whether the maximum number of iterations is reached (in this example, the number of iterations is set to 1000) or whether the global optimal fitness value has stopped changing, and if one is met, the iteration is ended, otherwise, the process returns to step 404.
Compared with the prior art of valve diameter design, the optimal diameters of the air inlet and outlet valves are automatically calculated by an optimization method, and manual interference is not needed in the whole process, so that the design efficiency is greatly improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is used for designing the optimal diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve under the corresponding strengthening degree when the strengthening degree of the diesel engine is changed;
step 1: establishing a simulation calculation model of the diesel engine;
step 2: setting an optimal range of the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve;
and step 3: selecting a plurality of sample points in the optimized range of the diameters of the air inlet and outlet valves set in the step 2 to obtain a sample set; wherein each sample point comprises two parameters, namely an intake valve diameter and an exhaust valve diameter;
and 4, step 4: selecting an optimization target as diesel engine power; i.e. the fitness function f is a function of the diesel engine power P with respect to the intake valve diameter d1 and the exhaust valve diameter d 2: p ═ f (d1, d 2);
and 5: optimizing the diameters of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve:
and (3) searching the intake and exhaust valve diameter with the maximum fitness function value in the intake and exhaust valve diameter range set in the step (2) by adopting an optimization method to serve as the optimal intake and exhaust valve diameter under the corresponding strengthening degree.
2. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, a simulation calculation model of the diesel engine is established by means of Ricardo Wave;
in the step 5, a combined simulation form of Matlab and Ricardo wave is adopted during optimization: and (2) establishing an optimized calculation model in Matlab, taking the model established in Ricardo wave in the step 1 as a fitness calculation model, transmitting the intake and exhaust valve diameter value to the fitness calculation model in Ricardo wave by the Matlab through an interface provided by Ricardo wave, calculating the fitness value according to the received intake and exhaust valve diameter value by the Ricardo wave, and transmitting the fitness value to the optimized calculation model in Matlab for the next round of optimization iteration.
3. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 1, after the simulation calculation model of the diesel engine is established, the calibration of the simulation calculation model is carried out according to the operation data of the real engine.
4. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2, the diameter optimization range of the intake valve is (0.42-0.48) D, and the diameter optimization range of the exhaust valve is (0.34-0.41) D; wherein D is the cylinder diameter of the diesel engine.
5. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step 3, a Latin hypercube method is adopted to select sample points; when the Latin hypercube method is adopted to select sample points, an lhdesign function is selected by taking MTALAB software as a platform, the dimension of a sample space is 2, the layering number of the sample space is set to be 4, and the number of the selected sample points is not less than 10.
6. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 5, the optimization method adopts an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.
7. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the method for optimizing the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve by adopting the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
401: initializing group particles, including initial position and velocity
The selection of the initial position of the particle is already completed in step 3, and the position of the particle i in the two-dimensional space is represented as a vector x i ＝(d 1 ,d 2 ) I is 1, 2, … …, N is the number of sample points in step 3, d 1 Is the diameter of the inlet valve, d 2 Is the intake valve diameter; velocity v of the initialization particle i i Comprises the following steps: v. of i ＝0.1·x i ；
402: calculating a fitness value for each particle
Substituting the position of each particle into the diesel engine simulation calculation model established in the step 1, and calculating the diesel engine power under each intake and exhaust diameter combination, namely calculating the fitness value of each particle;
403: calculating individual extremum and group extremum
For each particle, the current position is taken as the optimal position pb of the particle i (ii) a Selecting the position of the particle with the highest fitness value in the whole particles as the optimal position gb of the population;
404: updating the position and velocity of each particle according to its corresponding fitness value
v i ＝ω·v i +c 1 ·rand()·(pb i -x i )+c 2 ·rand()·(gb-x i ) (1)
x i ＝x i +v i (2)
In formula (1) and formula (2), i ═ 1, 2, … …, N; x is the number of i Is the position of the ith particle; v. of i Is the velocity of the ith particle; and rand (): generating random numbers between (0, 1); c. C 1 、c 2 For the learning factor, set to c 1 ＝c 2 2; gb is the optimal position found so far for all particles in the whole population; pb i The local optimum position searched so far for the ith particle; omega is an inertia factor;
405: calculating the fitness value of each particle after the position is updated;
406: updating individual extrema and group extrema:
the fitness value of the current position of each particle is compared with the fitness value of the best position it has experienced before, and if better, pb is updated i (ii) a Comparing the fitness value of the current position of each particle with the fitness value of the best positions which are experienced by all the particles, and if the fitness value is higher, updating gb;
407: judging whether a set iteration termination condition is met, if so, ending the iteration, otherwise, returning to the step 404;
the termination condition is that the set maximum iteration number is reached or the global optimal fitness value is not changed any more.
8. The parametric design method for the diameters of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the diesel engine with different strengthening degrees as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the dynamic inertia factor is adopted, namely before the position and the speed of the particle are updated, the inertia factor omega is updated by adopting the following formula:
ω max 、ω min the maximum value and the minimum value of the set omega are obtained, t is the current iteration step number, t max Is the maximum number of iterations.
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