CN115128848A - Polarization control structure and polarization control method - Google Patents
Polarization control structure and polarization control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115128848A CN115128848A CN202210681268.0A CN202210681268A CN115128848A CN 115128848 A CN115128848 A CN 115128848A CN 202210681268 A CN202210681268 A CN 202210681268A CN 115128848 A CN115128848 A CN 115128848A
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization control structure and a polarization control method, wherein the structure comprises a wave plate type polarization controller, a polarization rotation beam splitter (PSR), a Balanced Photoelectric Detector (BPD) and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); the wave plate type polarization controller inputs an optical signal which completes polarization state rotation into the PSR, the PSR divides the optical signal into two orthogonal polarization states, two paths of signals pass through the BPD to obtain a feedback signal, the FPGA minimizes the feedback signal through an operation control algorithm to obtain a driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller, a wave plate in the FPGA rotates by a corresponding angle to control the polarization rotation of the optical signal, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the control function can be completed by the optical signal only through one half-wave plate, the half-wave plate can rotate infinitely, the reset function is not needed, and the continuous endless polarization control of the optical signal can be completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polarization control in short-distance high-speed optical communication transmission of a data center, in particular to a polarization control structure and a polarization control method.
Background
Under the background of the big data era, the total amount of data is continuously increased, a great amount of application programs are pushing the great increase of the network traffic of the data center, and the demand of the rapid increase of the traffic requires that an efficient optical interconnection network is established in a short distance range.
Traditionally, intensity-modulated direct-detection (IMDD) systems have been used in data centers because of their low cost and simplicity, which rely on optical fibers in multiple wavelengths or multiple incoherent formats, and cannot meet the increasing traffic demands because they encode information only in signal strength. The traditional coherent optical transmission technology can fully utilize four degrees of freedom of an optical channel, thereby improving the efficiency of transmitting data by optical signals to the maximum extent. However, the conventional coherent optical transmission system has high cost, high complexity and high power consumption, so if a data center needs to adopt a coherent transmission mode, the signal processing of a coherent receiver should be simplified to meet the requirements of low cost and low power consumption.
The homodyne coherent optical transmission is an attractive scheme in the concept of simplifying coherent detection. In the scheme, a modulation signal and a Local Oscillator (LO) come from the same laser and are transmitted to a receiving end coherent receiver for frequency mixing after being transmitted through optical fibers. However, the LO rotates randomly in polarization during transmission, so an automatic polarization controller is needed to stabilize the polarization state of the LO.
In the first prior art, a phase shifter and a coupler are cascaded to complete the rotation of the polarization state. The technology mainly comprises a polarization rotating beam splitter (PSR), a phase shifter, a coupler, a Balanced Photodetector (BPD) and an FPGA. After passing through the PSR, the optical signal is divided into two polarization states, and then sequentially passes through the phase shifter, the coupler, the phase shifter, the coupler and the BPD and enters the FPGA, and the FPGA obtains the phase offset of the phase shifter by minimizing an input signal. In the process, the second phase shifter rotates the polarization state of the LO, and when the second phase shifter reaches its threshold, the first phase shifter flips π or- π to help reset the second phase shifter. According to the scheme, the first-stage phase shifter is required to complete the reset function, and in some cases, the first-stage phase shifter can be successfully completed only by turning over for many times due to the fluctuation of the second-stage phase shifter in the threshold value.
In the second prior art, most of the existing polarization controllers can be classified into two types, one is a polarization controller with fixed phase and adjustable angle, the other is a polarization controller with fixed orientation and adjustable phase, and input light in any polarization state can be controlled to an optical signal in any desired polarization state through cascading of a plurality of wave plates, so that the optical signal in any polarization state can be controlled to any point of the poincare sphere. However, in the above application scenario, the optical signal does not need to be controlled to a certain point of the poincare sphere, but only to S 1 On a ring of 0, thus eliminating the need for multiple stages of complex control structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polarization control structure and a polarization control method, which aim to solve the technical problems of complex structure and complex control process in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a polarization control structure, comprising: the device comprises a wave plate type polarization controller, a polarization rotating beam splitter, a balance photoelectric detector and a processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wave plate type polarization controller comprises a wave plate with half wavelength, and is used for completing the polarization state rotation of an optical signal, and the rotation angle is determined by the driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller;
the wave plate type polarization controller is connected with the polarization rotating beam splitter, the polarization rotating beam splitter is connected with the balance photoelectric detector, and the balance photoelectric detector is connected with the processor;
the wave plate type polarization controller is used for receiving the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber and inputting the optical signal with the rotation of the polarization state into the polarization rotation beam splitter, the polarization rotating beam splitter splits the received optical signal into a first polarized optical signal and a second polarized optical signal, and inputting the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal into the balanced photodetector, the balance photoelectric detector outputs a light intensity difference signal of the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal, the light intensity difference signal is processed by an analog-to-digital converter to obtain a feedback signal, the processor minimizes the feedback signal by operating a preset control algorithm to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, so that the wave plate in the polarization controller rotates by a corresponding angle, therefore, the polarization rotation of the optical signal is controlled, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal.
Optionally, the processor is a field programmable gate array FPGA chip or a digital signal processing DSP chip.
Further, when the processor minimizes the feedback signal by running a preset control algorithm to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, the feedback signal is used as a loss function of the control algorithm.
Optionally, the control algorithm is any one of a greedy algorithm, a gradient descent algorithm, and a genetic algorithm.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a polarization control method, including:
receiving an optical signal transmitted by an optical fiber through a wave plate type polarization controller, completing polarization state rotation on the input optical signal by using the wave plate type polarization controller, and inputting the optical signal after completing the polarization state rotation into a polarization rotation beam splitter; the wave plate type polarization controller comprises a wave plate with half wavelength, and is used for completing the polarization state rotation of an optical signal, and the rotation angle is determined by the driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller;
dividing the received optical signal into a first polarized optical signal and a second polarized optical signal through the polarization rotation beam splitter, and inputting the first polarized optical signal and the second polarized optical signal into a balanced photoelectric detector;
outputting a light intensity difference signal of the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal through the balance photoelectric detector, converting the light intensity difference signal into a digital signal by using an analog-to-digital converter, and inputting the converted digital signal into a processor as a feedback signal;
and the processor operates a preset control algorithm to minimize the feedback signal to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, so that the wave plate in the polarization controller rotates by a corresponding angle to control the polarization rotation of the optical signal, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal.
Optionally, the processor is a field programmable gate array FPGA chip or a digital signal processing DSP chip.
Further, when the feedback signal is minimized by running a preset control algorithm through a processor to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, the feedback signal is used as a loss function of the control algorithm.
Optionally, the control algorithm is any one of a greedy algorithm, a gradient descent algorithm, and a genetic algorithm.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the invention provides a simplified polarization control structure, which can realize the control purpose that the optical power of two orthogonal polarization states of a signal is equal after control, can be applied to a homologous simplified coherent transmission system or other control purposes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization control structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic representation of the polarization state of light in a principal axis coordinate system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of polarization change of an optical signal through a half-wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a greedy-like algorithm provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a gradient descent algorithm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a genetic algorithm provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First embodiment
In order to prevent the signal after mixing the LO and the modulation signal after the optical fiber transmission from fading, this embodiment provides a polarization control structure to implement that two polarization states of an optical signal obtained by controlling the input light of any polarization state have the same power. The control structure makes any point on the poincare ball rotate to S from the angle of the poincare ball 1 0 on a ring; wherein S is 1 Are stokes parameters.
Based on the above, as shown in fig. 1, the polarization control structure provided in this embodiment mainly includes a wave plate type polarization controller, a polarization rotating beam splitter PSR, a balanced photodetector BPD, and a processor. During operation, one path of optical signal is subjected to optical fiber transmission, then slow random polarization rotation occurs, the optical signal enters a wave plate type polarization controller, the optical signal is divided into two orthogonal polarization states after passing through PSR, the two paths of signals pass through BPD to obtain a feedback signal, a preset control algorithm is operated on a processor to minimize the feedback signal to obtain the driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller, so that a wave plate in the polarization controller rotates by a corresponding angle to control the polarization rotation of the optical signal, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal. In this embodiment, the processor is a field programmable gate array FPGA chip or a digital signal processing DSP chip.
Specifically, the specific control flow of the polarization control structure is as follows:
a path of optical signal firstly enters a wave plate type polarization controller, which mainly includes a half-wavelength wave plate (HWP) for completing the polarization state rotation of the optical signal, and the specific rotation angle is determined by the driving voltage of the polarization controller. The wave plate type polarization controller is connected with a polarization beam splitting rotator which divides an optical signal into a first polarized light and a second polarized light, then the first polarized light and the second polarized light are transmitted to a balance photoelectric detector to output a light intensity difference signal of the two polarized light signals, the signal is an analog signal, and the signal is converted into a digital signal after passing through an analog-to-digital converter and enters a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The FPGA minimizes the input digital signal by executing a related control algorithm to obtain the input voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller, and the input voltage is input into the wave plate type polarization controller after passing through the digital-to-analog converter so as to adjust the polarization state of the optical signal after passing through the wave plate type polarization controller. When the output signal of the balanced photodetector, i.e. the input signal of the FPGA is 0, it indicates that the powers of the two polarized optical signals output by the PSR are already equal, i.e. the control purpose is achieved.
The above process is formulated as follows. The polarization state of light is described by the parameters of azimuth angle theta and ellipticity beta, which are recorded as | E (theta, beta) >, and can be regarded as that an ellipse with ellipticity beta in a principal axis coordinate system is obtained by rotating an angle theta, as shown in FIG. 2 a. Its normalized jones vector can be expressed as:
the jones matrix for the half-wave plate is:
the jones matrix of the input optical signal after being rotated by the wave plate type polarization controller can be expressed as:
then the optical signal is divided into two orthogonal polarization states after passing through PSR, and two paths of signals enter BPD to obtain feedback signals as follows:
ε I ＝|cos2βcos(4θ h -2θ)| (4)
the feedback signal is converted into a loss function of a control algorithm through analog-to-digital conversion, the control algorithm can adopt a greedy algorithm, a gradient descent algorithm, a genetic algorithm and the like, the minimized loss function is shown as a formula (4), and theta is obtained h And obtaining the azimuth angle of the HWP in the wave plate type polarization controller. The optical signal has a passing azimuth angle theta h The polarization state of the input light is assumed to be point B on the poincare sphere, and after passing through the half-wave plate, point B is around S 1 -S 2 Of plane
Rotation of the shaft
The arc reaches point a. The two orthogonally polarized states of optical power split by the PSR after the optical signal is controlled by the HWP are made equal.
The control algorithm that minimizes the loss function runs on the FPGA, and the following is a description of the different control programs.
1. The greedy algorithm controls the process, as shown in fig. 3, the specific flow of the algorithm is as follows:
s1, initializing the driving voltage and step length of the wave plate to obtain an initial feedback signal value;
s2, superposing a step length on the current driving voltage to obtain an updated driving voltage and obtain a feedback signal value corresponding to the updated driving voltage;
s3, judging whether the current feedback signal value is smaller than the last feedback signal value; if the current feedback signal value is smaller than the last feedback signal value, returning to S2 to continue tracking the polarization state change; otherwise, after the step length is inverted, returning to S2; the tracking algorithm will proceed with the input of the signal.
2. The gradient descent control process, as shown in fig. 4, includes the following specific steps:
s1, initializing the driving voltage, disturbance and stepping gain of the wave plate to obtain an initial feedback signal value;
s2, superposing a tiny disturbance voltage value on the current driving voltage, and obtaining a feedback signal value corresponding to the driving voltage superposed with the disturbance voltage value;
s3, obtaining the change value delta power of the feedback signal, and calculating g i ＝Δpower/μ；
S4, updating the driving voltage of the HWP according to the following equation: v. of i+1 ＝v i -α·g i ；
S5, obtaining a feedback signal value corresponding to the updated driving voltage;
s6, judging whether the current feedback signal value is smaller than a preset threshold value, if so, returning to S2 to continuously track the polarization state change; otherwise, add 1, v to i i+1 ＝v i And returns to S5.
3. The genetic algorithm controls the process, as shown in fig. 5, the specific flow of the algorithm is as follows:
s1, initializing population scale, evolution algebra GEN and cross probability p c And the mutation probability p m And encoding the population;
s2, initializing the population and outputting a driving voltage
S3, obtaining a feedback signal, and calculating an optimal individual and an optimal value;
s4, judging whether the termination condition is met, if not, continuing execution, if so, outputting an optimal value, wherein GEN is GEN +1, and returning to S3;
s5, selecting operation (roulette rule);
s6, performing crossover operation;
s7, performing mutation operation, namely adding disturbance to the optimal individual to replace the poor individual, and returning to S3 to continue tracking polarization state change, wherein GEN is GEN + 1; the tracking algorithm will proceed with the input of the signal.
In summary, the present embodiment provides a simplified polarization control structure, which can achieve the purpose of controlling the optical power of two orthogonal polarization states of a signal to be equal after control, and can be applied to a homologous simplified coherent transmission system or other control applications.
Second embodiment
The present embodiment provides a polarization control method, including the following steps:
receiving an optical signal transmitted by an optical fiber through a wave plate type polarization controller, completing polarization state rotation on the input optical signal by using the wave plate type polarization controller, and inputting the optical signal after completing the polarization state rotation into a polarization rotation beam splitter; the wave plate type polarization controller comprises a wave plate with half wavelength, and is used for completing the polarization state rotation of an optical signal, and the rotation angle is determined by the driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller;
dividing the received optical signal into a first polarized optical signal and a second polarized optical signal through the polarization rotation beam splitter, and inputting the first polarized optical signal and the second polarized optical signal into a balanced photoelectric detector;
outputting a light intensity difference signal of the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal through the balanced photoelectric detector, converting the light intensity difference signal into a digital signal by using an analog-to-digital converter, and inputting the converted digital signal into a processor as a feedback signal;
and the processor operates a preset control algorithm to minimize the feedback signal to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, so that the wave plate in the polarization controller rotates by a corresponding angle to control the polarization rotation of the optical signal, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal.
The polarization control method of the present embodiment corresponds to the polarization control structure of the first embodiment described above; each flow step in the polarization control method of the present embodiment corresponds to a function implemented by each functional module in the polarization control structure of the first embodiment one by one; therefore, it is not described herein.
Furthermore, it should be noted that the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A polarization control structure, comprising: the device comprises a wave plate type polarization controller, a polarization rotating beam splitter, a balance photoelectric detector and a processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wave plate type polarization controller comprises a half-wavelength wave plate for completing the polarization state rotation of the optical signal, and the rotation angle is determined by the driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller;
the wave plate type polarization controller is connected with the polarization rotation beam splitter, the polarization rotation beam splitter is connected with the balance photoelectric detector, and the balance photoelectric detector is connected with the processor;
the wave plate type polarization controller is used for receiving the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber and inputting the optical signal with the rotation of the polarization state into the polarization rotation beam splitter, the polarization rotating beam splitter splits the received optical signal into a first polarized optical signal and a second polarized optical signal, and inputting the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal into the balanced photodetector, the balance photoelectric detector outputs a light intensity difference signal of the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal, the light intensity difference signal is processed by an analog-to-digital converter to obtain a feedback signal, the processor minimizes the feedback signal by operating a preset control algorithm to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, so that the wave plate in the polarization controller rotates by a corresponding angle, therefore, the polarization rotation of the optical signal is controlled, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal.
2. The polarization control structure of claim 1, wherein said processor is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip or a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip.
3. The polarization control structure of claim 1, wherein the feedback signal is a loss function of a predetermined control algorithm when the processor minimizes the feedback signal by running the control algorithm to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller.
4. The polarization control structure of claim 1, wherein the control algorithm is any one of a greedy algorithm, a gradient descent algorithm, and a genetic algorithm.
5. A polarization control method, comprising:
receiving an optical signal transmitted by an optical fiber through a wave plate type polarization controller, completing polarization state rotation on the input optical signal by using the wave plate type polarization controller, and inputting the optical signal after completing the polarization state rotation into a polarization rotation beam splitter; the wave plate type polarization controller comprises a half-wavelength wave plate for completing the polarization state rotation of an optical signal, and the rotation angle is determined by the driving voltage of the wave plate type polarization controller;
dividing the received optical signal into a first polarized optical signal and a second polarized optical signal through the polarization rotation beam splitter, and inputting the first polarized optical signal and the second polarized optical signal into a balanced photoelectric detector;
outputting a light intensity difference signal of the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal through the balanced photoelectric detector, converting the light intensity difference signal into a digital signal by using an analog-to-digital converter, and inputting the converted digital signal into a processor as a feedback signal;
and the processor operates a preset control algorithm to minimize the feedback signal to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller, so that the wave plate in the polarization controller rotates by a corresponding angle to control the polarization rotation of the optical signal, and finally the power of the two output polarized lights is equal.
6. The polarization control method of claim 5, wherein the processor is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip or a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip.
7. The polarization control method of claim 5, wherein the feedback signal is a loss function of a preset control algorithm when the feedback signal is minimized by the processor running the control algorithm to obtain the driving voltage of the polarization controller.
8. The polarization control method of claim 5, wherein the control algorithm is any one of a greedy algorithm, a gradient descent algorithm, and a genetic algorithm.
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