CN115128737B - Diffractive optical waveguide and electronic device - Google Patents
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- CN115128737B CN115128737B CN202110316351.3A CN202110316351A CN115128737B CN 115128737 B CN115128737 B CN 115128737B CN 202110316351 A CN202110316351 A CN 202110316351A CN 115128737 B CN115128737 B CN 115128737B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a diffraction optical waveguide and an electronic device. The diffractive light waveguide includes a waveguide substrate, an incoupling element, an outcoupling element, an optical element, and a reflecting element. External light enters the waveguide substrate through the coupling-in element and forms first light through the optical element, the first light is coupled into the coupling-out element and is diffracted to form second light and third light, the second light exits the waveguide substrate, the third light is reflected by the reflecting element to form fourth light, and the fourth light is reflected by the coupling-out element and the optical element to form fifth light; the coupling-out element is used for coupling out light rays at a specific angle and reflecting light rays at other angles, and the propagation direction of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray; or the coupling-out element is used for coupling out the light with a specific polarization state and reflecting the light with other polarization states, and the polarization state of the fifth light is the same as that of the first light. Aims to obtain a diffraction optical waveguide with high light efficiency and clear image.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of optical technologies, and in particular, to a diffractive optical waveguide and an electronic device.
Background
In the diffraction light waveguide scheme, light enters the waveguide substrate through the coupling-in element to be totally reflected and reflected to the coupling-out element, so that required order diffraction light is obtained, meanwhile, 0-order diffraction light can be obtained due to the requirement of pupil expansion, the diffraction efficiency of the 0-order diffraction light is high, and the 0-order diffraction light is coupled out through the coupling-out element for multiple times. As the light efficiency of the 0 th order diffraction light is far higher than that of the coupled light, the 0 th order diffraction light is easy to leak out of the waveguide substrate after continuously propagating forwards through the coupling-out element, so that more light is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a diffraction optical waveguide and electronic equipment, and aims to improve the utilization rate of light and obtain the diffraction optical waveguide and the electronic equipment with a clear emergent image.
In a first aspect, a diffractive light waveguide is provided. The diffraction light waveguide comprises a waveguide substrate, an incoupling element, an outcoupling element, an optical element and a reflecting element, wherein the incoupling element and the outcoupling element are arranged on the waveguide substrate at intervals, the optical element is arranged between the incoupling element and the outcoupling element, and the reflecting element is arranged on one side of the outcoupling element, which is far away from the incoupling element;
external light enters the waveguide substrate through the coupling-in element and forms first light through the optical element, the first light enters the coupling-out element and is diffracted to form second light and third light, the second light exits the waveguide substrate, the third light propagates in the waveguide substrate, the third light is reflected by the reflecting element to form fourth light, and the fourth light is reflected by the coupling-out element and the optical element to form fifth light;
the coupling-out element has coupling-out selectivity, such as angle selectivity, that is, the coupling-out element is used for coupling out light rays at a specific angle and reflecting light rays at other angles, and the propagation direction of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray; or, the coupling-out element is used for coupling out light rays with a specific polarization state and reflecting light rays with other polarization states, and the polarization state of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray.
The optical element and the reflective element are respectively arranged on two sides of the coupling-out element, and the coupling-out element is limited to have coupling-out selectivity, such as angle selectivity and polarization selectivity, so that the second light can be coupled out from the coupling-out element, the third light is reflected by the reflective element to form fourth light, the direction (transmission direction) or polarization state of the fourth light incident to the coupling-out element is different from the direction (transmission direction) or polarization state of the first light incident to the coupling-out element, the fourth light is reflected by the coupling-out element but not coupled out, then the fifth light is reflected by the optical element to form fifth light, the fifth light is incident to the coupling-out element again, the incident direction or polarization state of the fifth light is the same as the direction or polarization state of the first light incident to the coupling-out element, and the fifth light is partially coupled out by the coupling-out element. That is to say, the light reflected by the reflection element and having the direction or polarization state different from the incident direction of the fourth light is not coupled out, and only after being reflected by the optical element again, the light is consistent with the incident direction or polarization state of the first light, that is, the angles of the fifth light and the first light exiting from the coupling-out element are the same, so that the fifth light and the first light are coupled out. Not only effectively avoid the third light to spill from the diffraction light waveguide, improved the utilization ratio of light, avoided the superposition formation ghost image of the symmetrical image that the different directions of light coupling-out of same visual field arouse again, the user can observe clear image.
The diffractive light waveguide includes a waveguide substrate, an incoupling element, an outcoupling element, an optical element, and a reflecting element. The coupling-in element and the coupling-out element are arranged on the waveguide substrate at intervals, the optical element is arranged between the coupling-in element and the coupling-out element, and the reflecting element is arranged on one side of the coupling-out element far away from the coupling-in element.
The coupling-in element is used for coupling external light into the waveguide substrate; the optical element is used for enabling the light rays to pass through to form first light rays, the coupling-out element is used for diffracting the first light rays to form second light rays and third light rays, allowing the second light rays to be coupled out of the waveguide substrate and reflecting the third light rays, the reflecting element is used for reflecting the third light rays to form fourth light rays, and the coupling-out element and the optical element are used for reflecting the fourth light rays in sequence to form fifth light rays; the light-out element is used for coupling out light rays at a specific angle and reflecting light rays at other angles, and the propagation direction of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray; or the coupling-out element is used for coupling out light rays with a specific polarization state and reflecting light rays with other polarization states, and the polarization state of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray.
In a possible implementation manner, the out-coupling element is configured to out-couple light rays at a specific angle and reflect light rays at other angles, the propagation direction of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray, the optical element includes a first optical film, and the reflective element includes a first reflective film. The first optical film and the first reflection film are in reflection fit, so that the propagation direction (incidence angle) of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray.
In a possible implementation manner, the first optical film is a first polarization reflective film, the light penetrates through the first polarization reflective film to form the first light, the reflective element further includes a first 1/4 wave plate, the first reflective film is a high-reflection film, and the first 1/4 wave plate is located on a side of the high-reflection film facing the outcoupling element. The propagation directions (incidence angles) of the fifth light ray and the first light ray are the same through the cooperation of the first polarization reflection film, the first 1/4 wave plate and the high reflection film.
In a possible implementation manner, the first optical film is a first polarization reflective film, and the light passes through the first polarization reflective film to form the first light; the reflecting element further comprises a first 1/4 wave plate, the first reflecting film is a second polarization reflecting film, and the first 1/4 wave plate is positioned on one side, facing the coupling-out element, of the second polarization reflecting film. The propagation directions (incidence angles) of the fifth light ray and the first light ray are the same through the cooperation of the first polarization reflection film, the first 1/4 wave plate and the second polarization reflection film.
In one possible implementation manner, the first optical film is a high-reflection film, the first optical film includes a notch, the first light is formed by the light passing through the notch, and the first reflection film is a high-reflection film. The high-reflection film and the high-reflection film are matched to realize that the propagation direction (incident angle) of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray.
In a possible implementation manner, the first optical film is a high-reflection film, the first optical film includes a notch, the light passes through the notch to form the first light, the reflective element further includes a 1/2 wave plate, the first reflective film is a second polarization reflective film, and the 1/2 wave plate is located on a side of the second polarization reflective film facing the coupling-out element. The propagation directions (incidence angles) of the fifth light ray and the first light ray are the same through the cooperation of the high-reflection film, the 1/2 wave plate and the second polarization reflection film.
In a possible implementation manner, the outcoupling element is configured to outcouple light of a specific polarization state and reflect light of other polarization states, and the polarization state of the fifth light is the same as that of the first light; the optical element comprises a second optical film and a second 1/4 wave plate, the second 1/4 wave plate is arranged on one side, close to the coupling-out element, of the second optical film, the second 1/4 wave plate comprises a first through hole, light passes through the second optical film and passes through the first through hole to form the first light, the reflecting element comprises a second reflecting film and a third 1/4 wave plate, and the third 1/4 wave plate is arranged on one side, facing the coupling-out element, of the second reflecting film. The propagation directions (incident angles) of the fifth light ray and the first light ray are the same through the cooperation of the second optical film, the second 1/4 wave plate, the second reflecting film and the third 1/4 wave plate.
In one possible implementation manner, the second optical film is a second high-reflection film, the second high-reflection film includes a second through hole, the light sequentially passes through the second through hole and the first through hole to form the first light, and the second reflection film is a first high-reflection film. The second reflective film is a fourth polarizing reflective film. The propagation directions (incidence angles) of the fifth light ray and the first light ray are the same through the cooperation of the second high reflection film, the second 1/4 wave plate, the first high reflection film and the third 1/4 wave plate.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical element and the reflective element are respectively disposed on two sides of the coupling-out element and both are in contact with the coupling-out element. Compared with the case that the optical element and the reflecting element are respectively arranged at the positions far away from the coupling-out element, no distance exists between the optical element and the coupling-out element and between the reflecting element and the coupling-out element, so that light rays are prevented from striking the edge of the waveguide substrate, stray light caused by the fact that the light rays strike the edge of the waveguide substrate is greatly reduced, and the light efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the light rays are effectively improved.
In one possible implementation, the outcoupling elements are gratings or super-surface devices.
In a possible implementation, the grating is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.
In a possible implementation, the diffractive light waveguide further comprises a first reflector located on a side of the incoupling element remote from the outcoupling element. The first reflecting piece reflects and utilizes the diffracted light which is back to the coupling-out element after passing through the coupling-in element through the high-reflection film, and the light efficiency is effectively improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the first reflective member may also be a polarizing reflective film.
In a second aspect, an electronic device is also provided. The electronic device comprises an image emitter and the diffractive optical waveguide, wherein the image emitter emits light rays which enter the diffractive optical waveguide through the coupling-in element. The electronic equipment with the diffraction optical waveguide has clear imaging and high light efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the background art of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments or the background art of the present application will be described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an augmented reality assembly of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the diffractive light waveguide shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the coupling-out principle of the coupling-out element shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a related art;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a grating structure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a super surface device structure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fabrication process for the diffractive optical waveguide shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide of FIG. 3;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide of FIG. 3;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide of FIG. 3;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide of FIG. 3;
FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of the coupling-out principle of the coupling-out element shown in FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide of FIG. 3;
FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide shown in FIG. 3.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, and for example, "connected" may or may not be detachably connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The term "fixedly connected" means that they are connected to each other and their relative positional relationship is not changed after the connection. "rotationally coupled" means coupled to each other and capable of relative rotation after being coupled. "slidably connected" means connected to each other and capable of sliding relative to each other after being connected. The directional terms used in the embodiments of the present application, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," etc., refer only to the orientation of the drawings and are therefore used for better and clearer illustration and understanding of the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the embodiments of the present application. "plurality" means at least two.
It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides electronic equipment which is worn on the head of a user. The electronic device may be a head-mounted display device, for example, the electronic device may be an augmented reality device, such as Augmented Reality (AR) glasses, an AR helmet, mixed Reality (MR) glasses, an MR helmet, or the like, which combines digital content and a real scene together. The electronic device may also be not worn on the head. Or the electronic device may not be an augmented reality device. The present application specifically describes the electronic device as AR glasses as an example.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In this embodiment, electronic device 100 includes a frame 10 and an augmented reality assembly 20 mounted to frame 10. Two of the augmented reality assemblies 20 are provided, and the two augmented reality assemblies 20 are mounted to the frame 10 in a spaced apart manner. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of the enhanced display components may be one or more, which is not specifically limited in this application.
In this embodiment, the two augmented reality modules 20 have the same structure. When the electronic device 100 is worn on the head of a user, one augmented reality component 20 corresponds to the left eye of the user, and the other augmented reality component 20 corresponds to the right eye of the user, and at this time, the two eyes of the user can watch a virtual scene and a real scene through the two augmented reality components 20. It should be noted that in other embodiments, the structures of the two augmented reality assemblies 20 may be different, and the present application is not limited to this.
Next, for ease of understanding, the structure of the augmented reality assembly 20 will be specifically described taking the augmented reality assembly 20 corresponding to the left eye of the user as an example.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the augmented reality assembly 20 of the electronic device 100 shown in fig. 1.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the diffractive light waveguide shown in fig. 2.
The diffractive optical waveguide 21 includes a waveguide substrate 211, an incoupling element 212, an outcoupling element 213, an optical element 214, and a reflection element 215, the incoupling element 212 and the outcoupling element 213 are disposed at intervals on the waveguide substrate 211, the optical element 214 is disposed between the incoupling element 212 and the outcoupling element 213, and the reflection element 215 is disposed on a side of the outcoupling element 213 away from the incoupling element 212.
External light enters the waveguide substrate 211 through the coupling-in element 212 and forms first light L1 through the optical element 214, the first light L1 enters the coupling-out element 213 and is diffracted to form second light L2 and third light L3, the second light L2 exits the waveguide substrate 211, the third light L3 propagates in the waveguide substrate 211, the third light L3 is reflected by the reflecting element 215 to form fourth light L4, and the fourth light L4 is reflected by the coupling-out element 213 and the optical element 214 to form fifth light L5.
The coupling-out element 213 has coupling-out selectivity, such as angle selectivity, that is, the coupling-out element 213 is used for coupling out light of a specific angle and reflecting light of other angles, the propagation direction of the fifth light L5 is the same as that of the first light L1, and the fifth light L5 is incident to the coupling-out element 213 and is partially coupled out of the waveguide substrate 211 by diffraction.
It is understood that the fifth light ray L5 repeats the propagation path of the first light ray L1, thus circulating. After the third light L3 is reflected to the coupling-out element 213 during the continuous propagation process, a part of the third light is coupled out of the waveguide substrate 211, and a part of the third light is reflected by the coupling-out element 213.
It can be understood that, as shown in fig. 4, the light-out element 213 in the present embodiment is configured to have a high light-out efficiency when the light is incident in the first angle range A1 and a low light-out efficiency when the light is incident in the second angle range A2, where the low light-out efficiency can be understood as substantially no light-out. The specific angle is within the first angle range A1, the other angles are within the second angle range A2, and the incident angle of the first light L1 is within the first angle range A1, so that the first light L1 can be partially coupled out from the coupling-out element 213. The incident angle of the fourth light L4 reflected to the coupling-out element 213 by the reflecting element 215 is within the second angle range A2, and cannot be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213, and then reflected to the optical element 214, and becomes a fifth light L5 after being reflected by the optical element 214, and the propagation direction of the fifth light L5 is the same as that of the first light L1, that is, the incident angle of the fifth light L5 incident to the coupling-out element 213 is within the first angle range A1, and thus can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213.
As shown in fig. 5, the conventional solution effectively recycles the light leaking out of the waveguide by placing a reflective element 30 at the exit end face of the diffractive light waveguide so that the light that would otherwise be lost from the end face is reflected to continue interacting with the outcoupling grating 40. However, the reflected light is directly coupled out by interaction with the coupling grating 40, which may cause that a clear image cannot be observed by human eyes, it can be understood that the incident direction of the reflected light v2 incident to the coupling grating 40 is different from the incident direction of the light v1 directly coupled out from the grating 40, there are two different directions when the incident light of the same field of view exits, two symmetrical image superposition may be finally formed at the human eyes, and since the reflected light energy is strong, the images respectively formed by the light exiting from the two directions can be perceived by human eyes to form ghost images, which may cause that a clear image cannot be observed.
In the present embodiment, the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are respectively disposed at two sides of the coupling-out element 213, and the coupling-out element 213 is defined to have an angle selectivity, so that the second light L2 can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213, the third light L3 is reflected by the reflective element 215 to form the fourth light L4, a direction (propagation direction) in which the fourth light L4 is incident on the coupling-out element 213 is different from a direction (propagation direction) in which the first light L1 is incident on the coupling-out element 213, and is reflected by the coupling-out element 213 without being coupled out, and then the fifth light L5 is reflected by the optical element 214 to form the fifth light L5, the fifth light L5 is incident on the coupling-out element 213 again, and the incident direction thereof is the same as the direction in which the first light L1 is incident on the coupling-out element 213, and a part of the fifth light L5 is coupled out by the coupling-out element 213. That is, the light reflected by the reflecting element 215 and having a direction different from the incident direction of the fourth light L4 is not coupled out, and only after being reflected again by the optical element 214, the light is consistent with the incident direction of the first light L1, that is, the angle (propagation direction) of the fifth light L5 and the first light L1 exiting from the coupling-out element 213 is the same, so that the light is coupled out. Not only effectively avoid the third light L3 to spill from diffraction light waveguide 21, improved the utilization ratio of light, avoided the superposition of the symmetrical image that the different directions of light coupling-out of same visual field arouse to form the ghost image again, the user can observe clear image.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the waveguide substrate 211 includes a first surface 2111 and a second surface 2112 which are opposite to each other, the coupling-in element 212 is disposed on the first surface 2111, the coupling-out element 213 is disposed on the second surface 2112, and the coupling-in element 212 and the coupling-out element 213 are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the waveguide substrate 211. The optical element 214 is coupled between the first surface 2111 and the second surface 2112, and the reflective element 215 is also coupled between the first surface 2111 and the second surface 2112. Of course, in other embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the coupling-in element 212 and the coupling-out element 213 can be located on the first surface 2111 or the second surface 2112, and the coupling-in element 212 and the coupling-out element 213 are spaced apart.
The incoupling element 212 and the outcoupling element 213 each include, but are not limited to, an embossed grating G1, a holographic grating G2, and a super-surface device S1 as shown in fig. 7 and 8. The relief grating G1 may be a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating. Unlike the coupling-in element 212, the coupling-out element 213 has angular selectivity. The angular selectivity of the outcoupling elements 213 can be set by, for example, optimizing the topographical parameters of the grating, such as duty cycle, period, height, tilt angle, etc., when the outcoupling elements 213 are gratings. When the outcoupling element 213 is a super surface device S1, the angular selectivity is also obtained by optimizing the size of the unit structure pillars.
In this embodiment, the coupling-out element 213 is also polarization insensitive, i.e. light of different polarization states can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213. The light-emitting device can ensure that light with different polarizations can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213 by limiting the coupling-out element 213 to be angle-selective and insensitive to polarization, and the utilization rate of light is effectively improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the outcoupling element 213 may also be angularly selective and polarization sensitive. Or the outcoupling element 213 may also be angle insensitive with polarization selectivity.
Specifically, the target function MF = sum ((DE _ s-Tar) 2 +(DE_p-Tar) 2 +(DE_s-DE_p) 2 ). In the formula, DE _ s and DE _ p respectively represent diffraction efficiencies of s-polarized light and p-polarized light after the s-polarized light and the p-polarized light enter a grating, tar is a coupling-out efficiency target value required by people, the target function is minimum and is used as a target for optimizing the grating structure, the target represents that the same coupling-out efficiency target values under s polarization and p polarization are expected to be obtained, and a specific grating structure parameter value is obtained by optimizing through a global optimization algorithm such as a simulated annealing algorithm or a genetic algorithm. For the super-surface device S1, polarization insensitivity means a unit with a symmetrical structure, and the nano-structure pillars are only changed in diameter, but are polarization insensitive when the symmetrical structure is kept unchanged.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the optical element 214 includes a first optical film, the reflective element 215 includes a first reflective film and a first 1/4 wave plate 2152, and the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 is located on a side of the first reflective film facing the coupling-out element 213. Specifically, the first optical film is a first polarization reflective film 2141, the first polarization reflective film 2141 transmits p-polarized light and reflects s-polarized light, and the light transmits through the first polarization reflective film 2141 to form a first light L1. The first reflective film is a second polarization reflective film 2151, the second polarization reflective film 2151 reflects s-polarized light and transmits p-polarized light, the third light L3 is transmitted through the first 1/4 wave plate 2152, the second polarization reflective film 2151 emits light, the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 transmits light again to form a fourth light L4, and the fourth light L4 sequentially passes through the coupling-out element 213 and the first polarization reflective film 2141 to form a fifth light L5.
In this embodiment, the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are respectively disposed on two sides of the coupling-out element 213 and are both in contact with the coupling-out element 213. Specifically, the first polarization reflective film 2141 is disposed on a side of the coupling-out element 213 close to the coupling-in element 212 and contacts the coupling-out element 213, the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 is disposed on a side of the coupling-out element 213 away from the coupling-in element 212 and contacts the coupling-out element 213, and the second polarization reflective film 2151 is disposed on a side of the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 opposite to the coupling-out element 213. Compared with the case that the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are respectively arranged at positions far away from the coupling-out element 213, there is no distance between the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 and the coupling-out element 213, so that light is prevented from striking the edge of the waveguide substrate, stray light caused by the light striking the edge of the waveguide substrate is greatly reduced, and the light efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the light are effectively improved.
Specifically, the optical element 214 and the reflecting element 215 in the present embodiment are formed inside the waveguide body 211 by the following process. As shown in the preparation flow chart of fig. 9, the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are plated on the block material side of the coupling-out element with a certain size, then the region blocks are bonded to the size of the whole diffraction light waveguide, then the block material is sliced into the diffraction light waveguide, and then the required structures are stamped or etched on the coupling-in region and the coupling-out region of the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 to form the coupling-in element and the coupling-out element, so as to obtain the final diffraction light waveguide.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the process of light propagating in the diffractive light waveguide 21 will be described specifically and clearly. The image emitter 23 emits p-polarized light, the p-polarized light is still p-polarized light after passing through the projection system 22, the p-polarized light enters the waveguide substrate 211 from the incoupling element 212, and passes through the first polarization reflective film 2141 to form a first light L1, the first light L1 enters the outcoupling element 213 to form a second light L2 and a third light L3, the second light L2 is outcoupled from the outcoupling element 213, the third light L3 is reflected by the second polarization reflective film 2151 and the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 to become s-polarized light to form a fourth light L4, the fourth light L4 enters the outcoupling element 213, the incident angle of the fourth light L4 entering the outcoupling element 213 is within the second angular range A2, the fourth light L4 is reflected by the first polarization reflective film 2141, the fifth light L5 is formed after the fourth light L4 is reflected by the first polarization reflective film 2141, the fifth light L5 is reflected by the first polarization reflective film 2141, and the fifth light L5 is outcoupled from the outcoupling element 213 after the first polarization reflective film 2141, and the fifth light L5 is reflected by the first polarization reflective film 2141.
The coupling-out element 213 is insensitive to polarization and has angle selectivity, so that s-polarized light and p-polarized light can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213 as long as the angles of incidence to the coupling-out element 213 are the same, the energy utilization rate is effectively improved, ghost images formed by superposition of symmetrical images caused by coupling-out of light from different directions are avoided, and clear images can be observed by a user.
Of course, in other embodiments, the image emitter 23 may emit s-polarized light, the first polarization reflective film 2141 may transmit the s-polarized light and reflect the p-polarized light, the surface of the second polarization reflective film 2151 facing the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 is provided with a 1/2 wave plate, and the second polarization reflective film 2151 may reflect the p-polarized light and transmit the s-polarized light. Or, in other embodiments, the image emitter 23 may further emit natural light, and the natural light is changed into p-polarized light after passing through the first polarization reflective film 2141, but compared with the case that the image emitter 23 directly emits p-polarized light, a light effective portion of the natural light emitted by the image emitter 23 may be blocked by the first polarization reflective film 2141, so that the light efficiency is reduced, and the image emitter 23 directly emits p-polarized light, which may completely pass through the first polarization reflective film 2141, so that the light is not wasted.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 3.
This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 3, except that the first reflective film is a high reflective film 2153, the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 is located on a side of the high reflective film 2153 facing the coupling-out element 213, the third light L3 is transmitted through the first 1/4 wave plate 2152, reflected by the high reflective film 2153, and then transmitted through the first 1/4 wave plate 2152 to form a fourth light L4, and the fourth light L4 is reflected by the coupling-out element 213 and the first polarization reflective film 2141 in sequence to form a fifth light L5.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 3.
This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 10, except that in this embodiment, the optical element 214 includes a first optical film, and the reflective element 215 includes a first reflective film. The first optical film is a high-reflection film 2142, the first optical film includes a gap h1, light passes through the gap h1 to form a first light L1, the first reflective film is a high-reflection film 2153, the third light L3 is reflected by the high-reflection film 2153 to form a fourth light L4, and the fourth light L4 is reflected by the coupling-out element 213 and the high-reflection film 2142 in sequence to form a fifth light L5. The high-reflection film can reflect light rays in any polarization state.
The process of light propagating in the diffractive light waveguide 21 is described specifically and clearly below. The image emitter 23 emits p-polarized light, which is still p-polarized light after passing through the projection system 22, the p-polarized light enters the waveguide substrate 211 from the incoupling element 212, the first light L1 is formed through the notch h1 of the high reflective film 2142, the first light L1 enters the outcoupling element 213 to form a second light L2 and a third light L3, the second light L2 is outcoupled from the outcoupling element 213, the third portion is reflected by the high reflective film 2153 to form a fourth light L4, the fourth light L4 enters the outcoupling element 213, since the incident angle of the fourth light L4 to the outcoupling element 213 is within the second angle range A2, the fourth light L4 is reflected to the high reflective film 2142, the fourth light L4 is reflected by the high reflective film 2142 to form a fifth light L5, and then enters the outcoupling element 213, and since the angle of the fifth light incident to the outcoupling element 213 and formed by the reflection of the high reflective film 2142 is within the first angle range A1, the fifth light L5 is partially outcoupled from the outcoupling element 213.
The coupling-out element 213 in this embodiment may be sensitive to only p-polarized light and has angle selectivity, which effectively improves the energy utilization ratio, and also prevents the light from coupling out from different directions to form ghost images due to the superposition of symmetric images, so that the user can observe clear images. In this embodiment, the distance between the optical element and the reflecting element may be set so that the fourth light L4 is avoided from the notch when being reflected to the reflecting element.
Of course, in other embodiments, the image emitter 23 may also emit s-polarized light or natural light, and both the first optical film and the first reflective film reflect the s-polarized light or the natural light.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 12, fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 3.
This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 11, except that in this embodiment, the reflection element 215 further includes a 1/2 wave plate 2156, the first reflection film is a second polarization reflection film 2151, and the second polarization reflection film 2151 reflects s-polarized light and transmits p-polarized light. The third light L3 passes through the 1/2 wave plate 2156, is reflected by the second polarization reflective film 2151, and passes through the 1/2 wave plate 2156 again to form a fourth light L4, and the fourth light L4 is reflected by the coupling-out element 213 and the high reflective film 2142 in sequence to form a fifth light L5.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 3.
In the present embodiment, the diffractive optical waveguide 21 includes a waveguide base 211, a coupling-in element 212, a coupling-out element 213, an optical element 214, and a reflecting element 215, and the relationship between the above elements is the same as that of the embodiment shown in fig. 3. The difference is that in the present embodiment, the external light enters the waveguide substrate 211 through the incoupling element 212 and passes through the optical element 214 to form the first light L1, the first light L1 enters the incoupling element 213 and is diffracted to form the second light L2 and the third light L3, the second light L2 exits the waveguide substrate 211, the third light L3 propagates in the waveguide substrate 211, the third light L3 is reflected by the reflecting element 215 to form the fourth light L4, and the fourth light L4 is reflected by the incoupling element 213 and the optical element 214 to form the fifth light L5.
The coupling-out element 213 has coupling-out selectivity, such as polarization selectivity, that is, the coupling-out element 213 is used for coupling out light of a specific polarization state and reflecting light of other polarization states, and the polarization state of the fifth light L5 is the same as that of the first light L1.
It is understood that, as shown in fig. 14, the coupling-out element 213 in the present embodiment is configured to be sensitive to the first polarization and insensitive to the second polarization, the first polarization can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213, and the second polarization cannot be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213. The specific polarization state is a first polarization state, the other polarization states are second polarization states, the first polarization light is s-polarization light, and the second polarization light is p-polarization light. The first light L1 is s-polarized light, so the second light L2 can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213. The fourth light L4 reflected to the coupling-out element 213 by the reflecting element 215 is p-polarized light, cannot be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213, and then is reflected to the optical element 214, and the fifth light L5 reflected by the optical element 214 becomes s-polarized light, so that it can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213.
In this embodiment, the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are respectively disposed at two sides of the coupling-out element 213, and the coupling-out element 213 is defined to have polarization selectivity, so that the second light L2 can be coupled out from the coupling-out element 213, the third light L3 is reflected by the reflective element 215 to form the fourth light L4, when the fourth light L4 enters the coupling-out element 213, the polarization state of the fourth light L4 entering the coupling-out element 213 is different from the polarization state of the first light L1 entering the coupling-out element 213, and is reflected by the coupling-out element 213 without being coupled out, and then the fifth light L5 is formed after being reflected by the optical element 214, the polarization state of the fifth light L5 entering the coupling-out element 213 again is the same as the polarization state of the first light L1 entering the coupling-out element 213, and a part of the fifth light L5 is coupled out by the coupling-out element 213. That is, the fourth light L4 reflected by the reflective element 215 and having a polarization state different from that of the first light L1 is not coupled out, and only after being reflected by the optical element 214 again, the fourth light L4 is identical to the polarization state of the first light L1, that is, the first light L1 and the fifth light L5 have the same polarization state exiting from the coupling-out element 213, so that the fifth light L5 is coupled out at the same angle of the coupling-in and coupling-out element 213 as that of the first light L1. Not only effectively prevents the third part from leaking from the diffraction light waveguide 21 and improves the utilization rate of light, but also prevents symmetrical images caused by different light coupling directions in the same field of view from being superposed to form ghost images, and a user can observe clear images.
In this embodiment, the optical element 214 includes a second optical film and a second 1/4 wave plate 2144, the second 1/4 wave plate 2144 is disposed on one side of the second optical film close to the coupling-out element 213, the second 1/4 wave plate 2144 includes a first through hole h2, the reflective element 215 includes a second reflective film and a third 1/4 wave plate 2155, and the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 is disposed on one side of the second reflective film facing the coupling-out element 213. The second optical film is a second high reflective film 2143, the second 1/4 wave plate 2144 is disposed on one side of the second high reflective film 2143 close to the coupling-out element 213, the second high reflective film 2143 includes a second through hole h3, the second high reflective film 2143 reflects light of any polarization state, the light sequentially passes through the second through hole h3 and the first through hole h2 to form a first light L1, the second reflective film is a first high reflective film 2154, the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 is disposed on one side of the first high reflective film 2154 facing the coupling-out element 213, and the first high reflective film 2154 reflects light of any polarization state.
In this embodiment, the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are respectively disposed on two sides of the coupling-out element 213 and are both in contact with the coupling-out element 213. Specifically, the second 1/4 waveplate 2144 is disposed on the side of the out-coupling element 213 close to the in-coupling element 212 and contacts the out-coupling element 213, and the second high reflectivity film 2143 is disposed on the side of the second 1/4 waveplate 2144 away from the out-coupling element 213. The third 1/4 wave plate 2155 is disposed on a side of the out-coupling element 213 away from the in-coupling element 212 and contacts the out-coupling element 213, and the first highly reflective film 2154 is disposed on a side of the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 opposite to the out-coupling element 213. Compared with the case that the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 are respectively arranged at positions far away from the coupling-out element 213, there is no distance between the optical element 214 and the reflective element 215 and the coupling-out element 213, so that light is prevented from striking the edge of the waveguide substrate, stray light caused by the light striking the edge of the waveguide substrate is greatly reduced, and the light efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the light are effectively improved.
Referring to fig. 13, the process of light propagating in the diffractive light waveguide 21 will be described in detail. The image emitter 23 emits s-polarized light, which is s-polarized light after passing through the projection system 22, the s-polarized light enters the waveguide substrate 211 from the incoupling element 212, and passes through the second through hole h3 of the second high-reflectivity film 2143 and the first through hole h2 of the second 1/4 wave plate 2144 to form a first light L1, the first light L1 enters the outcoupling element 213 to form a second light L2 and a third light L3, the second light L2 is outcoupled from the outcoupling element 213, the third light L3 is reflected by the first high-reflectivity film 2154 and the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 to become p-polarized light to form a fourth light L4, the fourth light L4 enters the outcoupling element 213, and the fourth light L4 is p-polarized light when entering the outcoupling element 213, the fourth light L4 is reflected to the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 and the second high-reflectivity film 2143, the fourth light L4 is reflected by the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 and the second high-reflectivity film 2153 to become the fifth light after entering the outcoupling element 213, and then becomes the outcoupling element 213.
In this embodiment, the distance between the optical element and the reflecting element may be set so that the fourth light L4 is reflected by the reflecting element to avoid the first through hole and the second through hole.
Of course, in other embodiments, the first polarized light is p-polarized light, the third light L3 is s-polarized light after being reflected by the first high reflection film 2154 and the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 to form a fourth light L4, the fourth light L4 is incident on the coupling-out element 213, the fourth light L4 is reflected by the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 and the second high reflection film 2143, the second portion L4 is p-polarized light after being reflected by the third 1/4 wave plate 2155 and the second high reflection film 2143 to form a fifth light L5, and then the portion of the light incident on the coupling-out element 213 is coupled out from the coupling-out element 213.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 15, fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 3. This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 3, except that the coupling-out element 213 in this embodiment is a two-dimensional grating.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 16, fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 15.
This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 15, except that the diffractive optical waveguide 21 further includes a first reflecting member 216, and the first reflecting member 216 is located on a side of the coupling-in element 212 remote from the coupling-out element 213. Specifically, the first reflective element 216 is a high reflective film, and the diffracted light back to the coupling-out element 213 after being coupled into the element 212 is reflected by the high reflective film for utilization, thereby effectively improving the light efficiency. Of course, in other embodiments, the first reflective member may also be a polarizing reflective film.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 17, fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the diffractive optical waveguide 21 shown in fig. 3.
This embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 3, except that in this embodiment, the diffractive optical waveguide 21 further includes a light conversion element 217, and an optical element 218 and a second reflecting member 219 respectively disposed on the light incident side and the light emitting side of the light conversion element 217, and light enters the waveguide substrate 211 from the coupling-in element 212, is turned by the light conversion element 217, so that the light propagates to the coupling-out element 213, and is coupled out from the coupling-out element 213. The optical element 218 and the second reflector 219 are used to prevent light from leaking during the propagation process, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of light.
The optical element 218 and the second reflecting member 219 in this embodiment may both be high-reflection films. The specific structure of the optical element 218 may also refer to the optical element 214, and the specific structure of the second reflector 219 may refer to the reflective element 215, which is not described in detail.
The above are only some examples and embodiments of the present application, and the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. A diffractive light waveguide, comprising a waveguide substrate, an incoupling element, an outcoupling element, an optical element and a reflecting element, wherein the incoupling element and the outcoupling element are arranged at intervals on the waveguide substrate, the optical element is arranged between the incoupling element and the outcoupling element, and the reflecting element is arranged on one side of the outcoupling element away from the incoupling element;
external light enters the waveguide substrate through the coupling-in element and forms first light through the optical element, the first light enters the coupling-out element and is diffracted to form second light and third light, the second light exits the waveguide substrate, the third light propagates in the waveguide substrate, the third light is reflected by the reflecting element to form fourth light, and the fourth light is reflected by the coupling-out element and the optical element to form fifth light;
the light-out element is used for coupling out light rays at a specific angle and reflecting light rays at other angles, and the propagation direction of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray; or the coupling-out element is used for coupling out light rays with a specific polarization state and reflecting light rays with other polarization states, and the polarization state of the fifth light ray is the same as that of the first light ray.
2. The diffractive light waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said outcoupling element is configured to outcouple light rays of a specific angle and reflect light rays of other angles, and the propagation direction of said fifth light ray is the same as that of said first light ray, and said optical element comprises a first optical film, and said reflective element comprises a first reflective film.
3. The diffractive light waveguide according to claim 2, wherein said first optical film is a first polarizing reflective film, said light is transmitted through said first polarizing reflective film to form said first light, said reflective element further comprises a first 1/4 wave plate, said first reflective film is a high reflective film, and said first 1/4 wave plate is located on a side of said high reflective film facing said outcoupling element.
4. The diffractive optical waveguide of claim 2, wherein said first optical film is a first polarizing reflective film through which said light passes to form said first light; the reflecting element further comprises a first 1/4 wave plate, the first reflecting film is a second polarization reflecting film, and the first 1/4 wave plate is positioned on one side, facing the coupling-out element, of the second polarization reflecting film.
5. The diffractive optical waveguide of claim 2, wherein said first optical film is a high reflective film, said first optical film comprising an aperture through which said light rays pass to form said first light rays, said first reflective film being a high reflective film.
6. The diffractive light waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the first optical film is a high reflective film, the first optical film includes a notch through which the light passes to form the first light, the reflective element further includes a 1/2 wave plate, the first reflective film is a second polarizing reflective film, and the 1/2 wave plate is located on a side of the second polarizing reflective film facing the coupling-out element.
7. The diffractive light waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said outcoupling element is configured to outcouple light of a specific polarization state and reflect light of other polarization states, and the polarization state of said fifth light is the same as that of said first light; the optical element comprises a second optical film and a second 1/4 wave plate, the second 1/4 wave plate is arranged on one side, close to the coupling-out element, of the second optical film, the second 1/4 wave plate comprises a first through hole, light passes through the second optical film and passes through the first through hole to form the first light, the reflecting element comprises a second reflecting film and a third 1/4 wave plate, and the third 1/4 wave plate is arranged on one side, facing the coupling-out element, of the second reflecting film.
8. The diffractive optical waveguide according to claim 7, wherein the second optical film is a second high-reflection film, the second high-reflection film includes a second through hole, the light passes through the second through hole and the first through hole in this order to form the first light, and the second reflection film is a first high-reflection film.
9. A diffractive optical waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said optical element and said reflective element are respectively disposed on either side of and in contact with said outcoupling element.
10. A diffractive optical waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outcoupling element is a grating or a super-surface device.
11. The diffractive optical waveguide according to claim 10, wherein said grating is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.
12. A diffractive light waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it further comprises a first reflector on the side of the incoupling element remote from the outcoupling element.
13. An electronic device, comprising an image emitter and a diffractive light waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the image emitter emitting light which enters the diffractive light waveguide via the incoupling element.
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| PCT/CN2022/081956 WO2022199517A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-03-21 | Diffractive optical waveguide and electronic device |
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| CN105934902A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-09-07 | 奇跃公司 | Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods |
| CN107632406A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-01-26 | 北京灵犀微光科技有限公司 | Holographical wave guide, augmented reality display system and display methods |
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