CN115127758A - Test device and method capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and dislocation action - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a test device and a test method capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism, which relate to the field of tunnel earthquake-resistant design.A surrounding rock model comprises at least two surrounding rock monomers, wherein adjacent surrounding rock monomers are arranged at intervals, and at least one surrounding rock monomer is connected with a bearing plate through a lifting mechanism; the tunnel model sequentially penetrates through and is connected with all the surrounding rock monomers, the outer circumferential surface of the tunnel model is coated with shock absorption and isolation layers, and the shock absorption and isolation layers are arranged in a segmented mode; the vibration unit simultaneously applies vibration to all the surrounding rock monomers through the bearing plate; aiming at the problem that the test result is not in accordance with the reality due to the fact that the existing simulation test system cannot simulate the earthquake and the dislocation coupling effect of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone, vibration is simultaneously applied to all the monomers of the surrounding rock model through the bearing plate, the vibration state of the actual earthquake at the position of the fracture zone is simulated, and the lifting mechanism is combined to drive the surrounding rock monomers to simulate the dislocation, so that the mechanical behavior of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone under the coupling effect is truly reproduced, and reasonable test simulation data are obtained.

Description

Test device and method capable of simultaneously simulating earthquake and diastrophism of tunnel

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tunnel seismic design, in particular to a test device and a test method capable of simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism simultaneously.

Background

The long-distance construction of the tunnel is difficult to avoid that partial sections can pass through a fracture zone, and the geological environment and the loading conditions of the fracture zone area are more complicated. The position of the fracture zone is easily influenced by the dislocation or creep of surrounding rocks, and when an earthquake occurs, the stress and deformation states of the tunnel structure at the position of the fracture zone are different from those of other positions, so that the structural damage of the tunnel in the special environment needs to be researched and analyzed.

The existing test research mostly adopts the establishment of a similar proportion model, and carries out simulation test by relying on the similar proportion model, for example, the prior art (publication number: CN110160725A) records a test device for simulating stratum differential settlement and fault three-dimensional dislocation caused by earthquake, establishes a model box and simulates a fracture zone, the bottom of an upper disc of a fracture layer in the model box is provided with a synchronous jack, and the preset height of the jack is adjusted to simulate the fault three-dimensional dislocation caused by vibration under the condition of geological differential settlement of different degrees; the jack is horizontally provided with a middle plate, the middle plate is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed rolling grooves, and balls are arranged in the rolling grooves and can freely roll in the rolling grooves to simulate the actual vibration of an earthquake. However, due to the disordered vibration of the balls, the tunnel failure form and the stress state under the action of a real earthquake cannot be objectively reflected by a simulation test, so that the actual stress state at the position of the fracture zone is inconsistent in the simulation test process. Actually, a tunnel penetrating through a fracture zone is simultaneously influenced by earthquake action, fault dislocation and creep action, but the conventional earthquake resistance test technology cannot simulate tunnel mechanical behaviors under various influence coupling actions, so that reliable test result data is not available so far to find out tunnel structure behaviors and damage conditions of the fracture zone, and reasonable disaster reduction measures cannot be provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a test device and a test method capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and dislocation action aiming at the defects in the prior art.

The invention aims to provide a test device capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism, which adopts the following scheme:

the device comprises a surrounding rock model, a bearing plate and a vibration unit which are sequentially arranged, wherein the surrounding rock model comprises at least two surrounding rock monomers, adjacent surrounding rock monomers are arranged at intervals, and at least one surrounding rock monomer is connected with the bearing plate through a lifting mechanism; the tunnel model sequentially penetrates through and is connected with all the surrounding rock monomers, the outer circumferential surface of the tunnel model is coated with shock absorption and isolation layers, and the shock absorption and isolation layers are arranged in a segmented mode along the axial direction of the tunnel model; the vibration unit simultaneously applies vibration to all the surrounding rock single bodies through the bearing plate.

Further, at least one surrounding rock monomer is connected with the bearing plate through a translation mechanism so as to adjust the distance between the surrounding rock monomer and the adjacent surrounding rock monomer.

Furthermore, an earthquake reduction and isolation layer is arranged between the surrounding rock monomers and serves as a fracture zone earthquake reduction and isolation structure, an earthquake reduction and isolation layer is arranged between the surrounding rock monomers and the tunnel model and serves as a surrounding rock earthquake reduction and isolation structure, and all earthquake reduction and isolation layers are sequentially abutted along the axial direction of the tunnel model.

Furthermore, elevating system is fixed in the loading board, and an elevating system corresponds and connects at most one country rock monomer to drive the country rock monomer along tunnel radial movement.

Furthermore, tunnel model, country rock model and filling layer all are equipped with the monitoring element that is used for monitoring displacement and meeting an emergency, and the monitoring element inserts collection module respectively.

Furthermore, the tunnel model sets up a plurality of monitoring sections along length direction, and monitoring elements have been arranged to the inboard tunnel model, the tunnel model outside, the inboard surrounding rock model that every monitoring section corresponds and subtract in the isolation layer, and monitoring elements includes accelerometer, displacement meter and the measuring and taking hoop and axial strain's strain transducer.

Further, the surrounding rock monomer is filled with a cement-based material so as to fix the tunnel model and the surrounding rock monomer.

Furthermore, different seismic isolation and reduction layers of different sections adopt different seismic isolation and reduction materials, all the seismic isolation and reduction layers are distributed along the whole length of the tunnel model, and two ends of the tunnel model are fixed with the seismic isolation and reduction layers.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a test method capable of simultaneously simulating the tunnel earthquake and the dislocation action, which utilizes the test device capable of simultaneously simulating the tunnel earthquake and the dislocation action, and comprises the following steps:

the vibration unit outputs a vibration waveform according to the input vibration control information and acts on the surrounding rock model through the bearing plate;

the lifting mechanism drives the surrounding rock single bodies to move relative to the adjacent surrounding rock single bodies so as to simulate the relative dislocation of the surrounding rocks on two sides of the fracture zone and obtain strain and displacement data of the tunnel model, the surrounding rock single bodies and the seismic mitigation and isolation layer;

the position of the surrounding rock monomer is adjusted through the lifting mechanism, and in the vibration applying process, deformation data of the tunnel model, the surrounding rock monomer, the seismic isolation layer and the seismic isolation layer are measured for many times.

Further, the lifting mechanism and the vibration unit are operated simultaneously, and deformation data are obtained.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

(1) aiming at the problem that the test result is not in accordance with the reality due to the fact that the existing simulation test system cannot simulate the earthquake and the dislocation coupling effect of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone, vibration is simultaneously applied to all the monomers of the surrounding rock model through the bearing plate, the vibration state of the actual earthquake at the position of the fracture zone is simulated, and the lifting mechanism is combined to drive the surrounding rock monomers to simulate the dislocation, so that the mechanical behavior of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone under the coupling effect is truly reproduced, and reasonable test simulation data are obtained.

(2) The method includes the steps of simulating the state of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone under the influence of the earthquake action, fault dislocation and creep action, acquiring test data, and providing data support for exploring the mechanical behavior and damage mechanism of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone and providing effective shock absorption and isolation measures.

(3) The lifting mechanism is arranged to adjust the relative positions of the surrounding rock monomers and the adjacent surrounding rock monomers, the dislocation of the surrounding rocks on two sides of the fracture zone is simulated, meanwhile, the relative positions of the adjacent surrounding rock monomers are adjusted, vibration is carried out, and the dynamic mechanical behavior of the tunnel under different dislocation conditions is simulated; the lifting mechanism and the vibration unit can work simultaneously, dynamic mechanical behaviors of the tunnel when an earthquake and surrounding rock diastrophism occur simultaneously are simulated, and simulation test parameters are adjusted to obtain test result data under different conditions.

(4) The translation mechanism is arranged, the distance between adjacent surrounding rock monomers is adjusted, so that the thickness of a fracture zone position fault is simulated, the influence on the shock resistance of a tunnel structure caused by the development and the front and the back of a fracture zone is simulated, meanwhile, different fault thicknesses of the fracture zone position can be simulated by adjusting the distance between surrounding rock models, and various fracture zone working conditions are reproduced.

(5) And monitoring sensor elements are arranged at different cross section positions according to requirements, the two ends of the tunnel model, the middle positions of surrounding rocks on two sides of the fracture zone, the two ends of the surrounding rock model and the center of the fracture zone are monitored, the stress and deformation states of the tunnel are recorded, and data are output in an image form after being processed.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for simulating earthquake and diastrophism of a tunnel according to embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a surrounding rock model, a bearing plate and a vibration unit in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lifting mechanism in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the lifting mechanism in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a monitoring element in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the vibration unit and the bearing plate connected to the surrounding rock model in embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a first wall rock monomer; 2. a vibration unit; 3. a lifting mechanism; 4. a measurement acquisition system; 5. a tunnel model; 6. a seismic isolation structure of the fracture zone; 7. a monitoring element; 8. a second surrounding rock monomer; 9. a surrounding rock seismic isolation structure; 10. a carrier plate; 11. a vibration table; 12. a control system; 13. a cooling system; 14. a lifting drive member; 15. a collection unit; 16. an elastic pad; 17. a slide rail; 18. a connecting rod; 19. a reaction frame; 20. a pulley; 21. a telescopic rod; 22. a strain gauge; 23. soldering tin; 24. a copper wire; 25. a liner plate; 26. anchoring the bolts; 27. and (4) bolts.

Detailed Description

Example 1

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-6, a testing apparatus for simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism is provided.

The test device capable of simultaneously simulating the tunnel earthquake and the diastrophism as shown in fig. 1 is used for establishing a model through similarity ratio calculation, simulating a fracture zone, surrounding rocks, a tunnel and a related tunnel enclosing member, simulating different states of the fracture zone by adjusting the posture of the components of the model, applying a vibration simulation earthquake action to the model, acquiring related deformation data of each component of the model, and providing theoretical data support for researching the mechanical behavior, the structural failure mechanism and the disaster reduction measures of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone.

As shown in fig. 1, the test device capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism mainly comprises a tunnel model 5, a surrounding rock model, a bearing plate 10, a vibration unit 2, a measurement and acquisition system 4 and an adjusting structure, wherein the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model 5 form a fault and tunnel simulation system, the tunnel model 5 is installed on the surrounding rock model, the surrounding rock model is connected with the vibration unit 2 through the bearing plate 10, and the bearing plate 10, the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model 5 are driven by the vibration unit 2 to vibrate together so as to simulate the vibration action applied to surrounding rocks and fracture zones under the action of an actual earthquake; the measurement and acquisition system 4 is arranged on the surrounding rock model and the tunnel model 5, the adjusting mechanism is connected with the surrounding rock model, and the position and/or the posture of the surrounding rock model are adjusted to simulate the states of the surrounding rock and the tunnel under the influence of different fracture zones.

With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the surrounding rock model, the bearing plate 10 and the vibration unit 2 are sequentially connected, so that the vibration unit 2 can apply vibration to the whole surrounding rock model through the bearing plate 10, simulate the state that surrounding rocks on two sides of a fracture zone are simultaneously subjected to earthquake action in an actual state, and can be attached to a real scene and acquire data with reference significance compared with the prior art mentioned in the background technology.

As shown in fig. 2, the surrounding rock model includes at least two surrounding rock monomers, the surrounding rock monomers are calculated and manufactured according to the surrounding rock distribution condition under the actual simulation scene and according to the similarity ratio, a light material can be adopted during manufacturing, holes are reserved inside, the surrounding rock monomers are sequentially arranged at intervals, the interval between adjacent surrounding rock monomers is used for simulating a fracture zone, and all the surrounding rock monomers are respectively installed on the bearing plate 10 and vibrate together with the bearing plate 10.

In this embodiment, taking two surrounding rock single bodies as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 as an example, the two surrounding rock single bodies are respectively a first surrounding rock single body 1 and a second surrounding rock single body 8, as shown in fig. 6, the vibration output surface of the vibration unit 2 is provided with a lining plate 25, the lining plate 25 is connected with the bearing plate 10 to transmit vibration, a rivet 26 is preset on the bearing plate 10, and the rivet 26 is used for extending into the surrounding rock single bodies to well fixedly connect the surrounding rock single bodies and the bearing plate 10, and vibrates under the action of the vibration unit 2 together to simulate an actual earthquake state. Meanwhile, in order to realize good connection between the lining plate 25 and the bearing plate 10, in this embodiment, the bearing plate 10 is connected after the bolt 27 penetrates through the lining plate 25, so that the lining plate 25 and the bearing plate 10 are fixedly connected, and the transmission of vibration is ensured.

When a plurality of surrounding rock monomers are arranged, the tunnel model 5 sequentially penetrates through and is connected with all the surrounding rock monomers, and the tunnel model 5 penetrates through the reserved holes in the surrounding rock monomers; use two country rock monomers as an example in this embodiment, tunnel model 5 comprises the glass pipe, and tunnel model 5 passes first country rock monomer 1, second country rock monomer 8 in proper order, and outside the country rock monomer was exposed at tunnel model 5's both ends to tunnel model 5 forms good the being connected with the country rock monomer that passes, thereby simulates the state that actual tunnel arranged in the tunnel of country rock excavation.

As shown in figure 2, a gap between adjacent surrounding rock monomers is used for simulating a fracture zone space, an earthquake reduction and isolation layer is coated outside the tunnel model 5 at the position, an earthquake reduction and isolation structure penetrating through the periphery of the tunnel at the fracture zone position under a simulation actual scene is used for isolating a broken stone coverage area of the tunnel and the fracture zone, and a tunnel body structure is protected.

As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, at least one single surrounding rock is connected to the bearing plate 10 through the lifting mechanism 3, the lifting mechanism 3 can drive the corresponding single surrounding rock to move, the lifting mechanism 3 is fixed to the bearing plate 10, and one lifting mechanism 3 is correspondingly connected to at most one single surrounding rock to drive the single surrounding rock to move along the radial direction of the tunnel.

Meanwhile, the position of the connected surrounding rock single body can be adjusted through the lifting mechanism 3, the relative position of the surrounding rock single body and the adjacent surrounding rock single body is adjusted, the dislocation of the surrounding rocks on two sides of the fracture zone is simulated, meanwhile, the adjacent surrounding rock single body pieces can be vibrated after the relative position is adjusted, and the deformation parameters of the tunnel when the surrounding rocks are subjected to the earthquake action in different dislocation states are simulated; the lifting mechanism 3 and the vibration unit 2 can work simultaneously, deformation parameters of the tunnel are simulated when earthquake and surrounding rock diastrophism occur simultaneously, and the simulation test device is adjusted to obtain test data under different scenes.

As shown in fig. 2, it is also necessary to simulate the structure of the fractured zones with different sizes, and at least one single surrounding rock is connected to the bearing plate 10 through a translation mechanism to adjust the distance between the single surrounding rock and the adjacent single surrounding rock. The displacement mechanism can select current linear driving element for use, for example cylinder slide rail 17 structure, telescopic link 21 structure etc. adjust adjacent free interval of country rock to the thickness of simulation fracture zone position fault simulates the fracture zone and to the influence in tunnel around developing, simultaneously, also can simulate the different fault thickness of different fracture zone positions, realizes the multiple demand of simulation through adjusting.

In fig. 2, for the seismic isolation and reduction layer, the outer periphery of the tunnel model is wrapped with the seismic isolation and reduction layer, the seismic isolation and reduction layer is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel model, the seismic isolation and reduction layer is arranged in a segmented mode, one section of the seismic isolation and reduction layer is arranged between the surrounding rock monomers and serves as a fracture zone seismic isolation and reduction structure 6, the seismic isolation and reduction layer is arranged between the surrounding rock monomers and serves as a surrounding rock seismic isolation and reduction structure 9, two ends of the fracture zone seismic isolation and reduction structure 6 extend into the surrounding rock monomers respectively, the two ends of the fracture zone seismic isolation and reduction structure abut against the surrounding rock seismic isolation and reduction structure 9 inside the surrounding rock monomers, the protection capability of the fracture zone seismic isolation and reduction structure to the tunnel model 5 at the position of the fracture zone is improved, meanwhile, the situation that the tunnel model 5 located between the surrounding rock monomers cannot be effectively protected due to the offset of the position of the fracture zone seismic isolation and reduction structure 6 can be avoided when a simulated moving state is simulated, and the simulation test result is influenced.

With reference to fig. 1 and 2, a surrounding rock seismic isolation structure 9 is arranged between the outer circumferential surface of the tunnel model 5 and the surrounding rock single body to fix the tunnel model 5 and the surrounding rock single body; simultaneously, be equipped with multiple country rock between tunnel model 5 and the country rock monomer and subtract isolation structures 9, multiple country rock subtracts isolation structures 9 and distributes along tunnel model 5 axial. The surrounding rock seismic isolation and reduction structure 9 simulates a seismic isolation and reduction structure between an actual tunnel and surrounding rocks.

Filling cement-based materials into the surrounding rock monomer to fix the tunnel model and the surrounding rock monomer; different sections subtract the isolation layer and adopt different to subtract the isolation material, through setting up polytype subtract the isolation layer, can simulate tunnel, country rock, subtract the stress state of isolation structure under different slip casting region and slip casting parameter, satisfy diversified simulation's demand to can form and carry out contrast test to the group.

As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the vibration unit 2 includes a vibration table 11, a vibration control system 12, and a cooling system 13. The vibration control system 12 inputs seismic waveforms to the vibration table 11, and the vibration table 11 is provided with a cooling system 13 for cooling the vibration table. The elastic pad 16 is arranged at the bottom of the vibration unit 2, so that the transmission of the vibration table 11 to the ground can be reduced, and the noise pollution to the surrounding environment can be effectively prevented.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the lifting mechanism 3 includes a reaction frame 19, a lifting driving member 14 and a connecting rod 18, the reaction frame 19 is fixed on the bearing plate 10, the lifting driving member 14 is connected with the surrounding rock model, meanwhile, the two sides of the surrounding rock model are connected with the sliding rail 17 on the reaction frame 19 in a matching manner, one end of the connecting rod 18 is connected with the sliding rail 17 through a pulley 20, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the surrounding rock model, so that the lifting driving frame drives the surrounding rock model to perform position adjustment under the constraint of the sliding rail 17 and the pulley 20, and the dislocation of the surrounding rocks on the two sides of the fracture zone in the actual scene is simulated.

It can be understood that the lifting driving member 14 can adopt an expansion link 21, such as an air cylinder, an oil cylinder, an electric cylinder and the like, the expansion link 21 is connected to the control system 12, the action speed of the lifting driving member 14 is adjusted through the control system 12, meanwhile, the stopping position can be controlled, and the requirements on speed, position and posture under different test conditions are met.

The measurement and collection system 4 comprises monitoring elements 7 and a collection unit 15, the monitoring elements 7 are connected with the collection unit 15, the collection unit 15 acquires data acquired by the monitoring elements 7 and records the data, a plurality of monitoring elements 7 are arranged at two axial ends of the tunnel model 5 respectively along the annular direction, a plurality of monitoring elements 7 are arranged at the part of the tunnel model 5 located in the surrounding rock single body along the annular direction, and the monitoring elements 7 are arranged between the seismic isolation layer and the surrounding rock single body along the annular direction.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the monitoring element 7 collects deformation data, which includes an accelerometer, a displacement meter and a strain sensor for measuring circumferential and axial strain, the monitoring element 7 may employ the strain sensor and an acceleration sensor, and similarly, the deformation data includes strain data and vibration data, the strain sensor measures strain data of the arrangement position, and the acceleration sensor is used for measuring vibration data of the arrangement position.

As shown in fig. 5, the strain sensor is formed by welding a strain gauge 22 and a copper wire 24 by using soldering tin 23, the strain gauge 22 is adhered to a measuring point, the other side of the copper wire 24 is connected with a data recording device by a half-bridge method, and strain at each measuring point can be measured by resistance transformation during a test; the displacement sensor is connected to the acquisition unit 15 and is connected to the control system 12.

It will be appreciated that the control system 12 is capable of both storing and processing the acquired data and outputting control signals to control the operating conditions of the vibration table 11, the cooling system 13, the lifting mechanism 3 and the displacement mechanism.

The bearing plate 10 simultaneously applies vibration to the surrounding rock monomers, the vibration state of the fracture zone position in the actual earthquake is simulated, and the lifting mechanism 3 is combined to drive the surrounding rock monomers to simulate the diastrophism, so that the mechanical behavior of the tunnel passing through the fracture zone under the coupling action is simulated, and the required simulation test data is obtained.

Example 2

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for simulating seismic resistance of a tunnel traversing a fracture zone is provided, as shown in FIGS. 1-6.

The test device which can simultaneously simulate the earthquake and the diastrophism of the tunnel as in the embodiment 1 is utilized, and comprises the following steps:

the vibration unit 2 acquires a control signal to output vibration and acts on the surrounding rock model through the bearing plate 10;

the lifting mechanism 3 drives the surrounding rock single bodies to move relative to the adjacent surrounding rock single bodies so as to simulate the relative dislocation of the surrounding rocks on two sides of the fracture zone and obtain deformation data of the tunnel model 5, the surrounding rock single bodies and the seismic isolation and reduction layer;

the position of the surrounding rock single body is adjusted through the lifting mechanism 3, and deformation data of the tunnel model 5, the surrounding rock single body and the seismic isolation and reduction layer are measured for multiple times in the vibration applying process;

and simultaneously operating the lifting mechanism 3 and the vibration unit 2 and acquiring deformation data.

Specifically, the above test method is described in detail with reference to example 1 and fig. 1 to 6, and includes the following steps:

(1) the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a wood template of the surrounding rock model, placing an iron plate with an anchor in the length and width direction of the template, pouring a light material into the template to obtain the surrounding rock model with the bearing plate 10 at the bottom, wherein the bearing plate 10 can be connected with a vibrating table 11, and the vibrating table 11 is fixed on bedrock.

(2) And (4) putting the tunnel model 5 into the surrounding rock model, wherein the tunnel model 5 is fixed at two ends of the surrounding rock model.

(3) And fixing the outer side of the tunnel model 5 by using different materials as a surrounding rock seismic isolation structure 9.

(4) And installing seismic isolation and reduction materials outside the tunnel model 5 between the adjacent surrounding rock single bodies to form a fracture zone seismic isolation and reduction structure 6.

(5) One side of the vibration control system 12 is connected with the PC end, and the other side is connected with the vibration table 11; a cooling system 13 is connected to the vibration table 11 for cooling of the apparatus. During the experiment, the vibration table 11 is used for simulating the basement seismic action, wherein the seismic input wave is a response wave at the bottom of the surrounding rock model obtained through numerical analysis and inversion, and the vibration control system 12 is used for adjusting the amplitude to simulate the vibration characteristics of the middle stratum, so that the surrounding rock and the tunnel model 5 are subjected to real seismic response.

(6) And controlling the lifting mechanism 3 to enable the telescopic rod 21 to pull the second surrounding rock model to rise at a constant speed, and simulating relative dislocation at a tunnel fault when an earthquake occurs.

(7) Selecting the two ends of a tunnel model 5, the centers of surrounding rocks on two sides of a fracture zone, two ends of the fracture zone and the middle position of the fracture zone, taking the fracture surfaces at seven positions as monitoring objects, pasting annular and longitudinal strain sensors on the inner side and the outer side of each fracture surface at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumference, respectively installing displacement sensors at the upper, lower, left and right positions on the inner side of the tunnel, recording the stress and deformation of the tunnel, finally acquiring data through an acquisition unit 15, and outputting the measured stress data and deformation data in an image form after processing.

And simulating the state of the tunnel of the fracture zone under the influence of the earthquake action, fault dislocation and creep action, acquiring simulation data, researching according to the data, and providing data support for the mechanical behavior, the damage mechanism and the shock absorption and isolation measures of the tunnel in the actual scene.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A test device capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and dislocation action is characterized by comprising a surrounding rock model, a bearing plate and a vibration unit which are sequentially arranged, wherein the surrounding rock model comprises at least two surrounding rock monomers, the adjacent surrounding rock monomers are arranged at intervals, and at least one surrounding rock monomer is connected with the bearing plate through a lifting mechanism; the tunnel model sequentially penetrates through and is connected with all the surrounding rock monomers, the outer circumferential surface of the tunnel model is coated with shock absorption and isolation layers, and the shock absorption and isolation layers are arranged in a segmented mode along the axial direction of the tunnel model; the vibration unit simultaneously applies vibration to all the surrounding rock single bodies through the bearing plate.

2. The apparatus for simultaneously simulating a tunnel earthquake and a relative dislocation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one single surrounding rock is connected to the bearing plate by a translation mechanism to adjust the distance between the single surrounding rock and its adjacent single surrounding rock.

3. The test device capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seismic isolation layers are arranged between the surrounding rock single bodies and used as fracture zone seismic isolation structures, the seismic isolation layers are arranged between the surrounding rock single bodies and the tunnel model and used as surrounding rock seismic isolation structures, and all the seismic isolation layers are abutted in sequence along the axial direction of the tunnel model.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the elevating mechanism is fixed to the bearing plate, and one elevating mechanism is correspondingly connected to at most one single surrounding rock body to drive the single surrounding rock body to move along the radial direction of the tunnel.

5. A test device for simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and diastrophism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel model, the surrounding rock model and the filling layer are all provided with monitoring elements for monitoring displacement and strain, and the monitoring elements are respectively connected to the acquisition modules.

6. A test device capable of simulating a tunnel earthquake and a diastrophism simultaneously as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tunnel model is provided with a plurality of monitoring sections along the length direction, monitoring elements are respectively arranged on the inner side of the tunnel model, the outer side of the tunnel model, the inner side of the surrounding rock model and the seismic isolation layer corresponding to each monitoring section, and each monitoring element comprises an accelerometer, a displacement meter and a strain sensor for measuring circumferential and axial strains.

7. A device for simultaneously simulating a tunnel seismic and yawing action according to claim 1, wherein the surrounding rock single bodies are filled with cement-based materials to fix the tunnel model and the surrounding rock single bodies.

8. The test device capable of simultaneously simulating the tunnel earthquake and the diastrophism as claimed in claim 1, wherein different seismic isolation layers adopt different seismic isolation materials, all the seismic isolation layers are distributed along the whole length of the tunnel model, and two ends of the tunnel model are fixed with the seismic isolation layers.

9. A test method capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and dislocation action, which utilizes the test device capable of simultaneously simulating tunnel earthquake and dislocation action according to any one of claims 1-8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: the vibration unit outputs a vibration waveform according to the input vibration control information and acts on the surrounding rock model through the bearing plate; the lifting mechanism drives the surrounding rock single bodies to move relative to the adjacent surrounding rock single bodies so as to simulate the relative dislocation of the surrounding rocks on two sides of the fracture zone and obtain strain and displacement data of the tunnel model, the surrounding rock single bodies and the seismic mitigation and isolation layer;

the position of the surrounding rock monomer is adjusted through the lifting mechanism, and in the vibration applying process, deformation data of the tunnel model, the surrounding rock monomer, the seismic isolation layer and the seismic isolation layer are measured for many times.

10. The method for simultaneously simulating a tunnel earthquake and a relative movement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elevating mechanism and the vibrating unit are operated simultaneously, and deformation data is obtained.

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