CN115127020A - Large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for low-temperature composite material storage tank - Google Patents
Large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for low-temperature composite material storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN115127020A CN115127020A CN202210617853.4A CN202210617853A CN115127020A CN 115127020 A CN115127020 A CN 115127020A CN 202210617853 A CN202210617853 A CN 202210617853A CN 115127020 A CN115127020 A CN 115127020A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 252
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
- F16B43/001—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts for sealing or insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/061—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with positioning means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
- F16J15/0887—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing
- F16J15/0893—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing the packing having a hollow profile
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/102—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing characterised by material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/46—Sealings with packing ring expanded or pressed into place by fluid pressure, e.g. inflatable packings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
A large diameter open seal structure suitable for cryogenic composite storage tanks, comprising: composite material plates, metal flanges, fastening bolts and the like; a plurality of through holes are formed in the composite plate along the circumferential direction; a threaded blind hole is formed in the circumferential direction on the surface, in contact with the composite plate, of the metal flange plate, and sealing grooves are formed in the inner ring and the outer ring of a threaded blind hole ring formed by the threaded blind hole and used for placing a graphite sealing ring; the metal flange plate is positioned on one side of the composite material plate; the sealing cushion blocks are distributed on the other side of the composite material plate along the circumferential direction, and the mounting positions correspond to the through holes in the composite material plate; a metal rubber composite sealing ring and a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring are respectively arranged in the sealing grooves on the two sides of the sealing cushion block; and the fastening bolts are used for fixing the composite material plate, the metal flange plate and the sealing cushion block. The invention improves the safety and reliability of the composite material storage tank in the using process, and the sealing structure can realize repeated disassembly and assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large-diameter opening sealing structure.
Background
The composite material storage tank is a novel storage tank structure which takes carbon fibers as reinforcing materials and epoxy resin as base materials, the traditional composite material storage tanks all take metal layers (aluminum alloy or titanium alloy) as inner liners, composite material layers are wound or paved outside the traditional composite material storage tanks, the metal inner liners play a role in preventing leakage and winding the composite materials, and the outer composite materials play a role in bearing internal pressure load. The flange sealing structures at two ends of the flange sealing structure all adopt a metal and metal conventional sealing mode, and the sealing structures can meet the requirements by adopting a conventional scheme
With the progress of material technology and forming process, the linerless composite material storage tank becomes the development direction of the composite material storage tank, most main structures of the linerless composite material storage tank are made of composite materials, a metal lining or an inner anti-leakage layer is not needed, the composite materials are used as an anti-leakage structure and a stress structure at the same time, the large openings at two ends of the composite material storage tank cannot adopt a metal + metal sealing structure form at the moment, a novel composite material + metal sealing structure needs to be developed, but due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of the metal materials and the composite materials, the difference of material strength, the difference of processability, the difference of leakage mechanisms and the like, the design difficulty of the sealing structure is huge, the traditional metal + metal sealing structure does not have a scheme which can be used for reference, and the sealing structure needs to be developed again according to the characteristics of the composite materials.
The composite material is different from a metal material, the thermal expansion coefficient of the resin material is larger than that of the carbon fiber, the interface between the resin material and the carbon fiber generates larger temperature stress under the low-temperature condition due to the shrinkage of the resin, and the strain range which can be borne by the composite material under the action of external force is greatly reduced, namely, the brittleness of the composite material is increased under the low-temperature condition. Therefore, the pressure applied to the surface of the composite material should not be too high, and the excessive pressure may cause the resin on the surface layer of the composite material to be compressed and damaged, thereby causing loss of fastening torque, increasing the sealing gap between the metal and the composite material, and causing leakage of fuel. Meanwhile, the modulus and hardness of the material of the sealing ring need to be smaller than the hardness of the resin layer on the surface layer of the composite material, otherwise, in the compression process of the sealing ring, the resin on the surface layer of the composite material is damaged, and a gap is formed between the sealing ring and the composite material to cause leakage. The design of the sealing structure between the composite material and the metal flange needs to overcome a plurality of problems: (1) the modulus and hardness of the adopted sealing ring material are proper, and the surface layer of the composite material cannot be damaged in the compression process; (2) the composite material can not be subjected to machining treatment in damage forms such as groove type and step type, so that the composite material has a layering defect, and the structure is damaged. (3) The seal ring material needs to meet performance requirements under different conditions, for example, the seal ring needs to be compatible with a fuel medium in a tank, and the problems of embrittlement, dissolution and the like do not occur. (4) The sealing structure needs to meet the requirement of reliable sealing under the condition of repeated disassembly and assembly, and a non-detachable glue joint mode cannot be adopted between sealing surfaces. (5) The performance uniformity of the composite material is poor, and the multi-seal of the sealing structure needs to be considered, so that the reliability and the safety are ensured. (6) The large-opening sealing structure needs high bearing capacity, bears external pipeline connection, and has reliable sealing performance under the external bearing condition under the supporting effect of the bracket.
By combining the requirements of large-opening low-temperature sealing of the linerless composite material storage tank, the design of sealing structures and sealing ring forms faces huge challenges.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for a low-temperature composite material storage tank, which realizes reliable low-temperature sealing after the large-diameter opening of the composite material storage tank, improves the safety and reliability of the composite material storage tank in the using process, and can realize repeated disassembly and assembly.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a large diameter open seal structure suitable for use in a cryogenic composite storage tank, comprising: the sealing device comprises a composite plate, a metal flange plate, a fastening bolt, a sealing cushion block, a graphite sealing ring, a metal rubber composite sealing ring and a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring;
the composite material plate is a part of the composite material storage box, provides a mounting plane and a sealing surface of the metal flange plate, and is provided with a plurality of through holes along the circumferential direction for mounting fastening bolts;
the metal flange plate is provided with a threaded blind hole along the circumferential direction on the surface in contact with the composite material plate for mounting a fastening bolt, and the inner ring and the outer ring of a threaded blind hole ring formed by the threaded blind hole are respectively provided with a sealing groove for placing a graphite sealing ring;
the metal flange is positioned on one side of the composite material plate; the sealing cushion blocks are distributed on the other side of the composite material plate along the circumferential direction, and the mounting positions correspond to the through holes in the composite material plate; a metal rubber composite sealing ring is arranged in a sealing groove at one side of the sealing cushion block, which is in contact with the composite material plate, and a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in a sealing groove at one side of the sealing cushion block, which is in contact with the fastening bolt;
the fastening bolt penetrates through the center hole of the sealing cushion block and the through hole in the composite material plate, and the end part of the fastening bolt is installed in the threaded blind hole in the metal flange plate, so that the composite material plate, the metal flange plate and the sealing cushion block are fixed.
Furthermore, the basic laying layer structure of the composite material plate adopts a laying layer structure
Wherein, the plus or minus 75 degrees and 0 degree layer adopts an ultrathin layer with the thickness of 0.08mm, the plane roughness of the composite material plate 1 requires Ra0.8, and the planeness is less than 1 mm.
Furthermore, the metal flange plate is manufactured by a metal forging, the surface roughness of the flange plane on the side provided with the sealing groove is required to be Ra0.8, and the planeness is less than 1 mm; under the use condition that the temperature is more than or equal to-196 ℃, the metal flange plate is made of aluminum alloy or die steel; under the use condition that the temperature is more than or equal to 253 ℃ below zero and less than 196 ℃ below zero, the metal flange plate material is made of invar steel material; after the metal flange plate and the composite material plate are installed, the installation gap is required to be smaller than 0.06 mm.
Furthermore, the fastening bolt is made of stainless steel or high-temperature alloy materials, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the fastening bolt and the sealing cushion block is Ra0.8, and the flatness is less than 1 mm; the clearance between the fastening bolt and the sealing cushion block after the installation is less than 0.1 mm.
Furthermore, the sealing cushion block is made of stainless steel materials and comprises a hexagonal prism section and a cylindrical section; the cylindrical section is a large end, and parallel surfaces for clamping are symmetrically arranged on the side wall; the roughness of the surface of the sealing surface at the two ends of the sealing cushion block is required to be Ra0.8, the flatness is less than 1mm, and the clearance between the sealing cushion block and the composite plate after the sealing cushion block is installed is less than 0.1 mm.
Furthermore, the graphite sealing ring is made by adopting graphite mould pressing, the cross section is rectangular, and the specific section size is optimally designed according to different use pressures.
Furthermore, the metal rubber composite sealing ring comprises a C-shaped metal framework and a rubber layer coated on the outer surface of the metal framework, and a C-shaped opening of the metal framework faces to the direction of a gas leakage path in the storage tank.
Furthermore, the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring comprises a hollow metal ring and gas pressurized in the hollow metal ring, the gas pressure is 0.6MPa, the metal ring is made of stainless steel or alloy steel, and the structure of the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring is adjusted according to the size of the fastening bolt.
A method of installing a large diameter open seal structure suitable for a cryogenic composite storage tank, comprising:
installing a graphite sealing ring into a sealing groove of a metal flange plate, placing the metal flange plate in a composite material storage box, moving the metal flange plate along the central axis of the storage box in the direction outside the box and gradually approaching a composite material plate, so that the plane of one side of the metal flange plate with the sealing groove is butted with the composite material plate, and a threaded blind hole on the metal flange plate is aligned with a through hole on the composite material plate;
placing the metal rubber composite sealing ring into a sealing groove at the side of the sealing cushion block, which is in contact with the composite material plate, and aligning the sealing cushion block with the through hole of the composite material plate;
placing a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring into a sealing groove at one side of a sealing cushion block, which is in contact with a fastening bolt, placing the fastening bolt and pre-tightening the fastening bolt with a threaded blind hole of a metal flange plate, wherein a hexagonal hole tool is required to fix and press the sealing cushion block before pre-tightening the bolt, so that the sealing cushion block is ensured not to rotate in the pre-tightening process, and the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring is in a preliminary compression state;
after all fastening bolts and sealing cushion blocks are pre-tightened to the proper positions, gradually applying torque to a set final torque value according to a set torque amplitude of a N m at each stage by circles, measuring a gap between the metal flange plate and the composite material plate after the torque is applied, and ensuring that the gap value is not more than 0.06mm at the middle part of the adjacent fastening bolts; measuring the installation gap between the sealing cushion block and the composite material plate, and ensuring that the gap value is not more than 0.1 mm; measuring the mounting gap of the sealing surface between the fastening bolt and the sealing cushion block, and ensuring that the gap value is not more than 0.1mm to finish the mounting of the sealing structure; a is a set value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a plane sealing structure with a composite material directly contacted with a metal flange, which adopts simple part combination to form a high-reliability sealing structure capable of being repeatedly disassembled and assembled, and a special sealing cushion block effectively ensures the surface quality of the composite material in the disassembling and assembling process and improves the sealing effect between the composite material and the metal flange in the repeated disassembling and assembling process.
(2) The structure of the invention adopts the principle of double-channel sealing and internal pressure self-tightening sealing, compensates the problems of sealing surface clearance increase and bolt pretightening force reduction caused by metal flange shrinkage under the condition of low temperature and internal pressure of the composite material storage tank, and has higher sealing safety and reliability.
(3) The sealing structure reasonably utilizes the sealing characteristics of the sealing rings made of different materials, adopts a form of matching of various sealing rings, solves the problems of medium compatibility, low-temperature shrinkage, surface friction, pressure damage and the like of different sealing parts, and ensures the function coordination of the sealing parts.
(4) The special sealing cushion block is adopted, the effects of relieving the pressure of the composite plate and ensuring the sealing are achieved, the amplitude of the torque which can be applied by the fastening bolt is enhanced, the reliability of the sealing structure is enhanced, and the problem of local stress concentration of the composite plane is avoided.
(5) The integral sealing form of the large-diameter opening can ensure that the metal flange plate still ensures high-reliability sealing when bearing larger bending moment and stress, and various pipeline interfaces and bracket structures can be welded on the metal flange plate to form a bearable sealing structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a composite panel construction according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the metal flange configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fastening bolt structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sealing gasket block structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graphite seal ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metal rubber composite ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a hollow metal seal ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a view of the composite plate and metal flange assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a combination view of the composite plate, the metal flange and the seal pad of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a partial view of a large opening diameter flange seal configuration according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is an overall view of the large opening diameter flange seal structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 to 11, a large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for a low-temperature composite material storage tank includes: the composite material sealing device comprises a composite material plate 1, a metal flange plate 2, a fastening bolt 3, a sealing cushion block 4, a graphite sealing ring 5, a metal rubber composite sealing ring 6 and a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7.
The design concept of the large-diameter opening sealing structure of the low-temperature composite material storage tank is as follows:
the sealing principle is as follows: the basic sealing principle utilizes the structural form of a sealing groove and a sealing ring, simultaneously adopts the form of installation in the metal flange 2, and utilizes the self-pressing effect of the internal pressure of the box body on a sealing surface to counteract the problem of loose sealing surface pressing force generated by the shrinkage of the metal flange 2 at low temperature. The sealing ring adopts the graphite sealing ring 5 with extremely low thermal expansion coefficient and good elasticity at low temperature, thereby avoiding the problems of low-temperature shrinkage and embrittlement of the conventional rubber sealing ring. A specially-made sealing cushion block 4 is adopted between the fastening bolt 3 and the composite material, the stress concentration effect of the pretightening force of the bolt on the surface of the composite material is dispersed, and the sealing groove structure of the fastening bolt can realize the second sealing outside the sealing between the metal flange plate 2 and the composite material plate 1. The whole sealing structure realizes double-channel high-reliability sealing.
As shown in fig. 1, the composite panel 1: the composite plates 1 serving as composite storage tanksOne part, providing the installation plane and the sealing surface of the metal flange plate 2, and adopting a specific optimized laying structure as a basic laying structure
The total thickness of the composite material is about 10mm, the single layer thickness of a conventional layer is about 0.12mm, wherein an ultrathin layer with the thickness of about 0.08mm is adopted for +/-75 DEG and 0 DEG layers so as to meet the stress condition and the anti-leakage performance requirement under the internal pressure condition of a composite material storage box, the plane thermal expansion coefficient of the layer structure at low temperature is uniform, the stress distribution under the internal pressure condition is uniform, the phenomenon of opening local stress concentration cannot occur, the interlayer bonding strength of the composite material plate is enhanced by adding the ultrathin layer structure, the interlayer delamination resistance of the composite material plate under the low temperature condition is enhanced, and the interlayer defect of the composite material plate under the bolt compression stress is ensured not to occur. The total thickness of the composite material plate is about 10mm, the plane roughness of the composite material plate is required to be Ra0.8, the flatness of the composite material plate is less than 1mm, the opening diameter of the composite material plate is more than 400mm, and the composite material plate is provided with 48 phi 11mm through holes for connecting the fastening bolts 3 with the metal flange plate 2 through the composite material plate 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the metal flange 2: the metal flange 2 is made of a metal forging, and a threaded blind hole is formed in the surface, in contact with the composite material plate 1, of the metal flange for connecting the fastening bolt 3. The inner ring and the outer ring of the thread blind hole ring formed by butting the thread blind holes are provided with 2 sealing grooves for placing sealing rings, the surface roughness of the plane on one side of the metal flange plate 2 provided with the sealing grooves is required to be Ra0.8, the planeness is less than 1mm, and the thickness of the flange is 22 mm. Under the use condition that the temperature is more than or equal to-196 ℃, the metal flange plate 2 can be made of conventional materials such as aluminum alloy, die steel and the like; under the use condition that the temperature is between 253 ℃ below zero and 196 ℃ below zero, the metal flange plate 2 is made of invar steel materials. The metal flange 2 is installed from the inside of the composite material storage box to the outside of the box, and after the metal flange 2 and the composite material plate 1 are installed, the installation gap is required to be smaller than 0.06 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the fastening bolt 3: the fastening bolt 3 is made of stainless steel or high-temperature alloy materials, and is different from a common standard bolt in that the contact surface of the fastening bolt and the sealing cushion block 4 needs to be processed to ensure that the surface roughness Ra0.8 is ensured, the flatness is less than 1mm, a small-diameter sealing ring is adopted between the fastening bolt 3 and the sealing cushion block 4 for sealing, and the sealing ring adopts a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7 for resisting the friction generated in the rotary fastening process of the bolt and ensuring the reliable sealing after the bolt is screwed. The moment applied by the bolt is required to be 30 +/-3 N.m, and the gap between the fastening bolt 3 and the sealing cushion block 4 after installation is less than 0.1 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the seal pad 4: the sealing cushion block 4 is made of stainless steel materials and comprises a hexagonal prism section and a cylindrical section; the cylindrical section is a large end, parallel surfaces for clamping are symmetrically arranged on the side walls, the diameter of a central through hole of the sealing cushion block 4 is consistent with that of a through hole of the composite material plate 1, one surface of the sealing cushion block is in plane contact with the composite material plate 1, the other surface of the sealing cushion block is in contact with the fastening bolt 3, sealing grooves are formed in the two contact surfaces of the sealing cushion block and the composite material plate 1 for installing sealing rings, and the sealing ring on the surface in contact with the composite material plate 1 is a metal-rubber composite sealing ring 6 formed by a metal framework and a rubber skin; the sealing ring on the surface contacting with the fastening bolt 3 is a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7, the surface roughness of two sealing surfaces of the sealing cushion block 4 requires Ra0.8, the planeness is less than 1mm, and the clearance between the sealing cushion block 4 and the composite plate 1 after the installation is less than 0.1 mm. The contact surface of the composite plate 1 is large, so that the pressure of the moment applied by the fastening bolt 3 on the composite plate 1 can be relieved, and the resin layer of the composite plate 1 is prevented from being compressed and damaged by local concentrated force. The hexagonal shape of seal cushion 4 adopts the frock fixed when the fastener installation, when guaranteeing that fastening bolt 3 screws up, can not produce the mutual slip between seal cushion 4 and the combined material plate 1, and this kind of relative slip can produce the fish tail to the resin layer on combined material plate 1 surface, is unfavorable for seal structure's repeated dismouting.
As shown in fig. 5, the graphite seal ring 5: the graphite sealing ring 5 is made by adopting graphite mould pressing, the cross section is rectangular, the specific section size is optimally designed according to different use pressures, and the graphite sealing ring has the advantages of low expansion coefficient at low temperature, good elastic modulus retention, stable chemical property and the like, the problem of brittle rebound reduction of a rubber material can not occur under the low-temperature condition, the surface hardness of the graphite sealing ring is slightly lower than that of a carbon fiber composite material, and the surface state of the composite material can not be damaged in the compression deformation process.
As shown in fig. 6, the metal-rubber composite seal ring 6: the metal rubber composite ring 6 comprises a C-shaped metal framework and a rubber layer with a certain thickness coated on the outer surface of the C-shaped metal framework, the metal framework is made of low expansion coefficient alloy generally, a C-shaped opening faces to the direction of a gas leakage path in the box, and the self-sealing effect that the opening is opened to increase the contact area of the sealing ring and the sealing surface is achieved under the action of gas pressure in the box. The rubber layer can relieve the pressure concentration effect of the sealing ring on the surface of the composite material, the supporting effect of the metal framework can make up the defect of rubber modulus reduction at low temperature, the sealing ring is positioned between the composite material plate 1 and the sealing cushion block 4 and is not in direct contact with a medium in a box, the temperature condition is better, the requirement on medium compatibility is not high, and the production cost is reduced while the sealing effect can be well achieved by adopting the metal rubber composite sealing ring 6.
As shown in fig. 7, the hollow metal O-ring 7: the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7 is composed of a hollow metal ring with a certain thickness and gas pressurized in the hollow metal ring, the gas pressure is 0.6MPa, the metal ring is made of metal materials with higher hardness, such as stainless steel, alloy steel and the like, the surface rigidity is higher, the rebound modulus is high, the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring is wear-resistant, the sealing ring can also ensure a higher sealing effect in the process of applying torque by the fastening bolt 3, the surface layer of the sealing ring cannot be worn and damaged under the friction action to reduce the sealing effect, and the structure of the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7 can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the bolt.
The installation method of the large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing a graphite sealing ring 5 in a sealing groove of a metal flange 2, placing the metal flange 2 in a composite material storage tank, moving the metal flange 2 along the central axis of the storage tank towards the outside of the tank and gradually approaching the composite material plate 1, and aligning the plane of one side of the metal flange 2 with the sealing groove with a butt joint hole of the composite material plate 1 to form a combined structure of the metal flange and the composite material plate as shown in fig. 8.
And secondly, placing the composite sealing ring 6 of the metal framework and the rubber skin into a sealing groove at the contact side of the sealing cushion block 4 and the composite material plate 1, aligning the through holes of the sealing cushion block 4 and the composite material plate 1, and forming a combined structure of the metal flange plate 2, the composite material plate 1 and the sealing cushion block 4 as shown in fig. 9.
And thirdly, placing the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7 into a sealing groove at the upper end of the sealing cushion block 4, placing the fastening bolt 3 and pre-tightening the fastening bolt with the threaded blind hole of the metal flange plate 2, wherein a hexagonal hole tool is required to fix and compress the sealing cushion block 4 before pre-tightening the bolt, so that the sealing cushion block 4 is ensured not to rotate in the pre-tightening process, the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring 7 is in a preliminary compression state, and a combined structure of the metal flange plate 2+ the composite material plate 1+ the sealing cushion block 4+ the fastening bolt 3 shown in figure 10 is formed.
And fourthly, after the fastening bolts 3 and the sealing cushion blocks 4 at the 48 positions are all pre-tightened in place, the moment amplitude of 5 N.m at each stage is gradually applied according to a circle, the moment amplitude is gradually applied to 30 N.m from 5 N.m, the gap between the metal flange plate 2 and the composite plate 1 is measured after the moment application is finished, the measuring position is the middle position adjacent to the fastening bolts 3, the 24 positions are uniformly measured, and the gap value is not more than 0.06 mm. And measuring the mounting gap between the sealing cushion block 4 and the composite material plate 1, wherein the fastening bolts 3 at the 48 positions are required to be measured, and ensuring that the gap value is not more than 0.1 mm. And measuring the mounting clearance of the sealing surface between the fastening bolt 3 and the sealing cushion block 4, and ensuring that the clearance value is not more than 0.1mm, thus finishing the mounting of the sealing structure shown in the figure 11.
When the metal flange plate needs to be disassembled, the sealing cushion block 4 is fixed by adopting a hexagonal hole tool, the fastening bolts 3 are unscrewed step by step according to a circle, before the fastening bolts 3 are completely screwed out of the metal flange plate 2, the metal flange plate 2 needs to be fixed by an external tool, the flange plate 2 is prevented from falling off and damaging the box body, the sealing cushion block 4 is disassembled after all the fastening bolts 3 are taken out, the plane state of the composite material plate 1 is checked, the sealing structure can be re-installed according to the installation flow after the plane state is good, and all the sealing elements need to be replaced.
Parts of the invention not described in detail are well known to the person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A large diameter open seal structure suitable for cryogenic composite storage tanks, comprising: the sealing structure comprises a composite material plate (1), a metal flange plate (2), a fastening bolt (3), a sealing cushion block (4), a graphite sealing ring (5), a metal rubber composite sealing ring (6) and a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring (7);
the composite material plate (1) is a part of the composite material storage box, provides a mounting plane and a sealing surface of the metal flange plate (2), and is provided with a plurality of through holes along the circumferential direction for mounting the fastening bolts (3);
a threaded blind hole is formed in the circumferential direction on the surface, in contact with the composite plate (1), of the metal flange plate (2) and used for mounting a fastening bolt (3), and sealing grooves are respectively formed in the inner ring and the outer ring of a threaded blind hole ring formed by the threaded blind hole and used for placing a graphite sealing ring (5);
the metal flange plate (2) is positioned on one side of the composite material plate (1); the sealing cushion blocks (4) are distributed on the other side of the composite material plate (1) along the circumferential direction, and the installation positions correspond to the through holes in the composite material plate (1); a metal rubber composite sealing ring (6) is arranged in a sealing groove at one side of the sealing cushion block (4) which is in contact with the composite material plate (1), and a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring (7) is arranged in a sealing groove at one side of the sealing cushion block which is in contact with the fastening bolt (3);
the fastening bolt (3) penetrates through a center hole of the sealing cushion block (4) and a through hole in the composite material plate (1), and the end part of the fastening bolt is installed in a threaded blind hole in the metal flange plate (2), so that the composite material plate (1), the metal flange plate (2) and the sealing cushion block (4) are fixed.
2. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the cryogenic composite material storage tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic laying structure of the composite material plate (1) adopts a laying structure
Wherein the +/-75-degree and 0-degree layers adopt ultrathin layers with the thickness of 0.08mm, the plane roughness of the composite material plate (1) is required to be Ra0.8, and the planeness is less than 1 mm.
3. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized in that the metal flange plate (2) is made of a metal forging, the surface roughness requirement of a flange plane on one side provided with the sealing groove is Ra0.8, and the planeness is smaller than 1 mm; under the use condition that the temperature is more than or equal to 196 ℃ below zero, the metal flange plate (2) is made of aluminum alloy or die steel; under the use condition that the temperature is more than or equal to 253 ℃ below zero and less than 196 ℃ below zero, the metal flange plate (2) is made of invar steel materials; after the metal flange plate (2) and the composite material plate (1) are installed, the installation gap is required to be smaller than 0.06 mm.
4. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized in that the fastening bolt (3) is made of stainless steel or high-temperature alloy materials, the surface roughness of a contact surface of the fastening bolt and the sealing cushion block (4) is Ra0.8, and the flatness is less than 1 mm; the gap between the fastening bolt (3) and the sealing cushion block (4) after installation is less than 0.1 mm.
5. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized in that the sealing cushion block (4) is made of stainless steel materials and comprises a hexagonal prism section and a cylindrical section; the cylindrical section is a large end, and parallel surfaces for clamping are symmetrically arranged on the side wall; the roughness of the sealing surface at the two ends of the sealing cushion block (4) requires Ra0.8, the flatness is less than 1mm, and the clearance between the sealing cushion block (4) and the composite material plate (1) after the installation is less than 0.1 mm.
6. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized in that the graphite sealing ring (5) is molded by graphite, the cross section of the sealing ring is rectangular, and the specific cross section size is optimally designed according to different use pressures.
7. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized in that the metal-rubber composite sealing ring (6) comprises a C-shaped metal framework and a rubber layer coated on the outer surface of the metal framework, and the C-shaped opening of the metal framework faces to the direction of a gas leakage path in the storage tank.
8. The large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for the low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized in that the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring (7) comprises a hollow metal ring and gas pressurized in the hollow metal ring, the gas pressure is 0.6MPa, the metal ring is made of stainless steel or alloy steel, and the structure of the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring (7) is adjusted according to the size of the fastening bolt (3).
9. A method for installing a large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for a low-temperature composite material storage tank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
installing a graphite sealing ring (5) into a sealing groove of a metal flange plate (2), placing the metal flange plate (2) inside a composite material storage box, moving the metal flange plate (2) along the central axis of the storage box to the outside of the box, and gradually approaching the composite material plate (1), so that the plane of one side of the metal flange plate (2) with the sealing groove is butted with the composite material plate (1), and a threaded blind hole on the metal flange plate (2) is aligned with a through hole on the composite material plate (1);
placing the metal rubber composite sealing ring (6) into a sealing groove at one side of the sealing cushion block (4) contacted with the composite material plate (1), and aligning the sealing cushion block (4) and the through hole of the composite material plate (1);
placing a hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring (7) into a sealing groove at one side of a sealing cushion block (4) contacted with a fastening bolt (3), placing the fastening bolt (3) and pre-tightening a threaded blind hole of a metal flange plate (2), fixing and pressing the sealing cushion block (4) by adopting a hexagonal hole tool before pre-tightening the bolt, ensuring that the sealing cushion block (4) does not rotate in the pre-tightening process, and enabling the hollow metal O-shaped sealing ring (7) to be in a preliminary compression state;
and after all the fastening bolts (3) and the sealing cushion blocks (4) are pre-tightened in place, gradually applying torque to a set final torque value according to a set torque amplitude of a N m per step and a set final torque value, and finishing the installation of the sealing structure.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of applying the torque to the set final torque value in a circle at the set torque amplitude of a N-m per step further comprises: after the moment is applied, measuring the gap between the metal flange plate (2) and the composite material plate (1), wherein the measuring position is the middle part of the adjacent fastening bolt (3), and the gap value is not more than 0.06 mm; measuring the installation gap between the sealing cushion block (4) and the composite material plate (1) and ensuring that the gap value is not more than 0.1 mm; and measuring the mounting clearance of the sealing surface between the fastening bolt (3) and the sealing cushion block (4), and ensuring that the clearance value is not more than 0.1 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210617853.4A CN115127020B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for low-temperature composite material storage tank |
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| CN202210617853.4A CN115127020B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Large-diameter opening sealing structure suitable for low-temperature composite material storage tank |
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| CN115127020B CN115127020B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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| US20200362966A1 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-11-19 | Mainspring Energy, Inc. | Reinforced sealing rings |
| CN114163970A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-11 | 山东北方现代化学工业有限公司 | High-strength anti-aging single-component modified sealant for bonding rubber and plastic composite materials and preparation method thereof |
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| US6361055B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2002-03-26 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Cryogenic composite tank seals |
| JP2005214369A (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-08-11 | Uchiyama Mfg Corp | Sealing structure of gasket |
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| CN115127020B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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