CN115126469A - Method and computer equipment for optimizing deployment of coal bed gas well pattern - Google Patents
Method and computer equipment for optimizing deployment of coal bed gas well pattern Download PDFInfo
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- CN115126469A CN115126469A CN202210711830.XA CN202210711830A CN115126469A CN 115126469 A CN115126469 A CN 115126469A CN 202210711830 A CN202210711830 A CN 202210711830A CN 115126469 A CN115126469 A CN 115126469A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention provides a method and computer equipment for optimizing the deployment of a coal bed gas well pattern, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the development characteristics of natural fractures of the coal reservoir; determining a preliminary well pattern deployment combination by combining different well types and fracturing modification modes according to the development characteristics of the fractures; setting a fracturing transformation mode of each well, performing fracturing transformation according to a certain sequence, monitoring the dynamic change of the production of the adjacent wells, and optimally adjusting the well spacing and the direction; and (4) performing chemical characteristic analysis on produced water of the coal-bed gas well, evaluating the communication performance and the interference effect among wells, and further optimizing well pattern deployment. The well pattern is optimized in real time by means of monitoring the dynamic influence of the fracturing modification effect on the production of the adjacent wells, analyzing the chemical characteristics of produced water and the like by considering the combination of different well types and fracturing modification modes, so that effective inter-well interference can be formed in the well pattern and among the well patterns by taking the well pattern as a deployment mode for developing the well pattern, intelligent and intensive management is facilitated, and the large-scale efficient development of the coal bed methane is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal bed methane development, and particularly relates to a method and computer equipment for optimizing deployment of a coal bed methane well pattern.
Background
The coal bed gas exploitation is to carry out regional drainage and depressurization through a well pattern, reduce the pressure of a reservoir, promote the desorption, diffusion, seepage and output of the coal bed gas by utilizing the interference effect between wells, and achieve the purposes of increasing the yield and stabilizing the yield. The optimization of the coal bed gas well network deployment is an important component of the formulation of a coal bed gas development scheme, and whether the coal bed gas well network deployment is reasonable or not directly influences the gas production rate of a single well, the stable production period, the recovery ratio and the economic benefit of development. Current well pattern deployment optimization is primarily designed from well pattern patterns, well spacing, and orientations.
The coal bed gas well screen arrangement pattern mainly comprises an irregular well pattern, a rectangular well pattern, a diamond well pattern and the like, wherein the irregular well pattern is a well arrangement mode adopted under the condition of terrain limitation or severe change of geological conditions; the rectangular well pattern is required to be distributed along the main penetration direction and the direction vertical to the main penetration direction, the regularity of the rectangular well pattern is good, the arrangement is convenient, and the defects are that the pressure drop rate of the central positions of four adjacent wells is low, and the drainage and gas recovery efficiency is low; the diamond well pattern requires that the well spacing along the main permeation direction is larger, the well spacing perpendicular to the main permeation direction is smaller, and 4 adjacent wells are in a diamond shape, which is a complementary and perfect form of the rectangular well pattern. The well pattern direction is mainly based on the direction of the dominant natural fracture and the direction of the fracturing fracture obtained by fracture monitoring, and the long edge direction of the well pattern is parallel to the direction of the natural fracture or the direction of the fracturing fracture. The well spacing of the coal-bed gas well is an important index for development benefit and economic evaluation, the well spacing depends on the influence of the properties of a coal reservoir and production scale on economy and the requirement on resource recovery ratio, and the well pattern spacing is determined by mainly adopting a single-well reasonable control storage method, an economic limit well spacing method, a specified single-well productivity method, an economic limit-reasonable well pattern density method and the like in the design of the coal-bed gas well pattern.
Geological factors, economic factors and the like are generally considered in the optimization of a coal bed gas well pattern at present and are realized by a numerical simulation method. However, the numerical simulation method generally simulates the interference effect between wells under the condition of meeting certain assumed parameters, calculates the relationship between the exploitation time and the gas production amount, and evaluates the economic benefit. Besides the accuracy and adaptability of parameter acquisition, the coal reservoir is a typical fracture type reservoir, the heterogeneity is strong, the practical application and the effect of the numerical simulation method are limited, and the well pattern and the stratum heterogeneity are difficult to be well matched. In actual coal bed gas development, well pattern deployment does not consider combination of well types and transformation modes, optimization is carried out only by means of numerical simulation, a large number of coal bed gas low-yield wells appear, yield is low, and the main performance is that well interference is poor, and synergetic pressure reduction efficiency is low. Therefore, a new optimization method for the deployment of the coal bed gas well network is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method and computer equipment for optimizing the deployment of a coal bed methane well pattern, which are characterized in that the combination of different well types and fracturing modification modes is considered, the combination of coupled depressurization and high-efficiency interwell interference is taken as a starting point, the economic benefit and the heterogeneity analysis of a coal reservoir are combined, the well pattern is optimized in real time by means of monitoring the dynamic influence of the fracturing modification effect on the production of an adjacent well, analyzing the chemical characteristics of produced water and the like, and the large-scale high-efficiency development is realized by taking a well group as a deployment mode for developing the well pattern. Specifically, the technical scheme comprises the following two aspects:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for optimizing the deployment of a coal bed methane well pattern, comprising the following steps:
step S1: acquiring development characteristics of natural fractures of a coal reservoir;
step S2: determining a preliminary well pattern deployment combination by combining different well types and fracturing modification modes according to the development characteristics of fractures; the preliminary well pattern deployment combination is a well group consisting of two well sites a and b, wherein the well site a comprises a straight well and a plurality of inclined wells, and the well site b comprises a straight well and two single-branch horizontal wells;
step S3: setting a fracturing transformation mode of each well in the well group, performing fracturing transformation according to a certain sequence, monitoring the dynamic change of the production of the adjacent wells, and optimally adjusting the well spacing and the direction;
step S4: performing water chemistry characteristic analysis on each well in the well group, evaluating the communication and interference among wells, and further optimizing well pattern deployment;
step S5: and after optimization and adjustment of the step S3 and the step S4, determining an optimized well pattern deployment combination.
Preferably, step S1 specifically includes:
determining the distribution characteristics of the stress in a large range of a research area by using regional geological survey and a geophysical method, and judging a main stress azimuth;
and determining the development characteristics of the internal and external biogenesis joints, the gas expansion joints and the internal fissure of the coal reservoir by combining the fissure system observation and the coal body structural characteristics of the underground coal reservoir of the coal mine near the research area.
Preferably, the developmental characteristics of the cleft include: size, orientation and density of development of the fissures.
Preferably, in the preliminary well pattern deployment combination of step S2, wellsite a includes 8 cluster wells and 1 straight well, the cluster wells are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the straight well is numbered 9, the preliminary well pattern of wellsite a is rectangular, and the long side direction is the main crack development direction.
Well site b has 2 single branch horizontal wells and 1 straight well, single branch horizontal well serial numbers 10 and 11, straight well serial number 12, and 10 wells are perpendicular to main crack development direction, and 11 wells are parallel to main crack development direction, and 2 single branch horizontal wells are used for jointly stepping down with well site a.
Preferably, in step S3, the 8 deviated wells in the well site a are transformed by hydraulic sand fracturing, and the vertical well 9 is formed by hydraulic jet drilling and hydraulic sand fracturing; in the well site b, a straight well 12 adopts hydraulic jet hole making and hydraulic sand fracturing, and a 2-port single-branch horizontal well adopts a well cementation and completion mode in a horizontal section and a modification mode of hydraulic sand blasting staged fracturing.
Preferably, the hydraulic jet caving positions and thicknesses of the vertical wells 9 and 12 select a position where a minced-edge coal seam or crushed coal develops according to the development characteristics of the natural fracture of the coal reservoir in the step S1, and the hydraulic sand fracturing position selects a position close to the top plate of the coal seam; the number of the staged sand blasting fracturing sections of the single-branch horizontal wells 10 and 11 is determined according to the distance between the external joint development determined in the step S1, the single-branch horizontal well 10 is perpendicular to the main fracture development direction, and the length of the horizontal section and the number of the fracturing modification sections are less than 11.
Preferably, the step of performing fracture modification in a certain order in step S3 includes:
according to the well network deployment combination in the step S2, the sequence of fracturing modification of the coal bed gas well in the well site a is No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 wells in sequence; and C, performing fracturing reconstruction on a well site b after fracturing reconstruction of the coal-bed gas well in the well site a, wherein the fracturing reconstruction sequence is No. 10, No. 11 and No. 12 wells.
Preferably, the step of monitoring the dynamic changes of the production near the well and optimizing the adjustment of the well spacing and the orientation in step S3 includes:
monitoring the liquid amount in the adjacent well, the bottom flowing pressure, the casing pressure and the gas and water production condition in the fracturing modification process, and combining with the reference ground micro-seismic crack monitoring to judge the interference degree of the fracturing action on the adjacent well as to be used as the basis for optimizing and adjusting the well spacing and the direction.
Preferably, step S4 specifically includes:
the source of the water produced by the coal-bed gas well is judged by testing and analyzing the main quantity of the water produced by the coal-bed gas well, trace elements and isotopes, whether the water produced by the coal-bed gas well is the water coming from other aquifers or not is judged, and the reason is found by combining geological analysis; and analyzing the water communication and the inter-well interference between the wells in the well group and between the well groups by combining the water chemistry characteristics, and providing a basis for optimizing and adjusting the well arrangement position of the coal bed gas well, the horizontal section length of the single-branch horizontal well, the number of inclined wells, the well spacing in the group and the fracturing modification mode and degree.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a computer apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the method of coal bed methane well pattern deployment optimization.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the well pattern deployment optimization method provided by the invention takes the formation of coupling depressurization and high-efficiency inter-well interference as a starting point, and the pressure drop and inter-well interference effects in and among well groups are good, so that the method is more beneficial to high and stable yield of coal bed gas. Meanwhile, the well pattern can be optimized in real time according to actual geological characteristics through means of monitoring the dynamic influence of the fracturing modification effect on the production of the adjacent well, analyzing the chemical characteristics of produced water and the like, and differential well pattern deployment is realized. Well site land used is compared in the well group mode of two well site combination formula in the past vertical well pattern and has been practiced thrift to the cost, is convenient for intelligent intensive management.
Drawings
The specific effects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of well pattern deployment optimization in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preliminary well pattern deployment assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a preliminary well pattern deployment pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a well pattern fracture propagation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a well pattern well group optimized and adjusted according to actual conditions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fracture system profile of a 3# coal reservoir in a research area in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a well spacing and azimuth view of example a of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the water and gas production from the wells a1 and a5 in example a of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a comparison of the water and gas production from wells a3 and a5 in example a of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a comparison of the water and gas production for wells a2, a4 and a5 in example a of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a well spacing and azimuth pattern of example b of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a comparison of water and gas production from wells b1, b4 and b5 in example b of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a comparison of water and gas production from wells b2, b3 and b5 in example b of this invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of well sites in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a pipe three-line diagram in embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a line graph showing the trace element contents in inventive example 4;
FIG. 17 is a hierarchical clustering lineage diagram in inventive example 4.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for well pattern deployment optimization, including the following steps:
step S1: acquiring the development characteristics of natural fractures of the coal reservoir;
determining the distribution characteristics of the stress in a large range of a research area by using regional geological survey and a geophysical method, and judging a main stress azimuth;
and determining the development characteristics of the internal and external biogenesis joints, the gas expansion joints and the internal fissure of the coal reservoir by combining the fissure system observation and the coal body structural characteristics of the underground coal reservoir of the coal mine near the research area.
Step S2: determining a preliminary well pattern deployment combination by combining different well types and fracturing modification modes according to the development characteristics of fractures; the well pattern deployment combination is a well group consisting of two well sites a and b, wherein the well site a comprises a straight well and a plurality of inclined wells, and the well site b comprises a straight well and two single-branch horizontal wells;
on the basis of numerical simulation, 2+2+2+ N well pattern combinations are designed by combining geological features, different development well types and fracturing modification modes and taking the formation of coupling depressurization and high-efficiency inter-well interference as a starting point. Wherein the first 2 indicates that the pattern is assembled with 2 well sites, the second 2 indicates that there are 2 vertical wells, the third 2 indicates that there are 2 single-branch horizontal wells, N indicates that there are N deviated wells, and N may preferably be 8. The specific distribution is shown in fig. 2.
The well pattern is deployed and is combined with 2 well sites a and b, compares in a well site of every well of traditional vertical shaft, great reduction the well site number, practice thrift ground land used, reduced surface drainage, collection and transportation cost, the intelligent intensive management of being convenient for. As shown in fig. 3.
The well site a comprises 8 inclined wells and 1 straight well, wherein the inclined wells are numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, and the straight wells are numbered as 9; the inclined shaft is preferably 8 ports, so that the inclined shaft is reduced in well inclination, the drilling difficulty is reduced, and the later-stage drainage working condition is improved; meanwhile, the purpose is to promote the central vertical well 9 to better form interwell interference to the surrounding 8 cluster wells. The initial well arrangement mode of 9 wells in the well site a is rectangular, the long side direction is the main development direction of the fracture, and the step S1 shows that the main development direction of the natural fracture of the coal reservoir is an interval and is not only one direction. Therefore, during preliminary well arrangement, the long side direction of the rectangular well arrangement is only one dominant azimuth in the main fracture azimuth development interval.
Well site b has 2 single branch horizontal wells numbered 10 and 11 and 1 straight well numbered 12. The purpose of the 2 single-branch horizontal wells is to jointly reduce the pressure with a straight (inclined) well and an adjacent cluster well site in the cluster well site a, so that the purpose of coupling pressure reduction is achieved, integral inter-well interference is formed, and the effect of high and stable yield is achieved.
Step S3: setting a fracturing modification mode of each well in the well group, performing fracturing modification according to a certain sequence, monitoring the dynamic change of the production of the adjacent wells, and optimally adjusting the well spacing and the direction;
in the well site a, 8 inclined wells adopt a conventional hydraulic sand fracturing transformation mode, and a vertical well 9 adopts hydraulic jet hole making and hydraulic sand fracturing. In the well site b, a straight well 12 adopts hydraulic jet hole making and hydraulic sand fracturing, 2 single-branch horizontal wells adopt a well cementation and completion mode in a horizontal section, and hydraulic sand blasting staged fracturing is adopted for fracturing modification.
The hydraulic jet caving positions and thicknesses of the vertical wells 9 and 12 are used for selecting a position where a cross-cut coal bed or crushed coal develops according to the fracture development characteristics of the coal reservoir in the step S1, and the hydraulic sand adding fracturing position is selected to be close to the top plate of the (coal bed).
The number of the staged sand blasting fracturing sections of the single-branch horizontal well 10 and the single-branch horizontal well 11 is determined according to the external joint development interval distance determined in the step S1 as a reference basis, the single-branch horizontal well 10 is perpendicular to the main development direction of the fracture (also called the main fracture direction), and the length of the horizontal section and the number of the fracturing modification sections are less than 11 wells.
The vertical well 12 adopts hydraulic jet hole-making and hydraulic sand fracturing to increase the interference effect between the vertical well 12 and the surrounding wells and the next well group. The single-branch horizontal well is far away in window target point, long in horizontal projection distance and large in single-well control area of the vertical well 12 according to geological features, and particularly under the condition that the horizontal projection distances of the single-branch horizontal wells 10 and 11 are the same and the penetrating direction capacities are different, the transformation mode of hydraulic jet hole making and hydraulic sand fracturing is better than the conventional hydraulic sand fracturing effect.
The well group fracturing transformation sequence is sequentially carried out according to the design, the changes of the liquid amount in the adjacent well, the bottom flowing pressure, the casing pressure, the gas and water production conditions and the like in the fracturing transformation process are monitored, and the interference degree of the fracturing action on the adjacent well is judged by combining with the reference ground micro-seismic crack monitoring, so that the interference degree is used as the basis for optimizing and adjusting the well spacing and the direction of later-stage well pattern rolling development.
Ideally after fracture reformation, a schematic view of the fracture propagation is shown in fig. 4. In the actual transformation process, due to the heterogeneity of the coal reservoir caused by the coal body structure, the fracture system, the ground stress distribution, the small microstructure and the like and the influence of the transformation effect of the fractured well on the reservoir, the fracture expansion after the transformation cannot be ideally and uniformly distributed. Therefore, the well pattern well spacing and the direction can be optimally adjusted by designing the fracturing modification sequence and monitoring the dynamic change of the well facing.
According to the preliminary well pattern deployment combination in the step S2, the sequence of coal-bed gas well fracture reformation in the well site a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 wells in sequence. And C, performing fracturing reconstruction on a well site b after fracturing reconstruction of the coal-bed gas well in the well site a, wherein the fracturing reconstruction sequence is No. 10, No. 11 and No. 12 wells.
Well site a, well number 1, may be fractured first. And the No. 2 well is fractured and is used for observing the influence of the No. 2 well on the No. 1 well in the direction vertical to the main fracture. And fracturing the No. 3 well, and observing the influence of the No. 3 well on the No. 2 well in the direction vertical to the main crack. And 4, fracturing the well, wherein the fracturing is mainly used for observing the influence of the well 4 on the well 3 along the main fracture direction. And fracturing the No. 5 well, and observing the influence of the No. 5 well on the No. 4 well along the main fracture direction. Fracturing the No. 6 well, wherein the method is used for observing the influence of the No. 6 well on the No. 5 well under the condition of twice well spacing in the main fracture direction; and the method is used for observing the influence of the No. 6 well on the No. 1 well under the condition of double well spacing in the direction vertical to the main fracture. And the fracturing of the No. 7 well is mainly used for observing the influence of the No. 7 well on the No. 5 well and the No. 6 well in the direction vertical to the main fracture. And 8, fracturing the well, and mainly observing the influence of the 8 th well on the 1 st well and the 6 th well along the main fracture direction. And the No. 9 well in the well site a is finally fractured and reformed and is used for observing the influence condition on the surrounding inclined well.
In well site b, a No. 10 single-branch horizontal well is firstly fractured and transformed and is mainly used for observing the influence on No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7 wells. The No. 11 single-branch horizontal well is used for fracturing reconstruction and is mainly used for observing the influence on No. 1, No. 6 and No. 8 wells. And the final hydraulic jet hole making and hydraulic sand fracturing of the No. 12 well are mainly used for observing the influence on the No. 6, 10 and 11 wells.
Step S4: performing water chemistry characteristic analysis on each well in the well group, evaluating the communication and interference among wells, and further optimizing well pattern deployment;
the main amount of the produced water of the coal bed gas well, trace elements and isotopes are tested and analyzed, the source of the produced water of the coal bed gas well can be judged, whether the produced water of the coal bed gas well is the outside water of other aquifers or not can be judged, and the reason can be found out by combining geological analysis; and the communication and interference effects in and among the well groups are analyzed by combining with the water chemistry characteristics, so that a judgment basis can be provided for judging whether effective inter-well interference is formed among the well groups. Through water chemical analysis, a basis can be provided for optimizing and adjusting the well arrangement position of the coal-bed gas well, the horizontal section length of the single-branch horizontal well, the number of the inclined wells, the well spacing in the group and the fracturing modification mode and degree.
Step S5: after optimization and adjustment in the steps S3 and S4, determining an optimized well pattern deployment combination;
and (4) determining a final well pattern combination mode after optimizing and adjusting the well patterns in the steps S3 and S4, performing rolling deployment on the basis of the well pattern combination mode in the deployment of adjacent well patterns, and timely adjusting and differentially deploying according to the characteristics of actual geological conditions. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pattern well group adjusted according to actual conditions.
The feasibility of the process according to the invention is demonstrated below with reference to specific examples:
example 1: acquiring the development characteristics of a coal reservoir fracture system of a certain mining area in the south of the Qinhui basin;
the south of the Qin basin is a typical area for successful commercial development of high-coal-rank coal bed gas in China and is also a main production area of Shanxi anthracite. A3 # coal reservoir fracture system distribution diagram is drawn through observation of a coal mine underground fracture system near a research area and is shown in FIG. 6:
crack development in a 3# coal reservoir has obvious directionality and is generally represented by two dominant directions, namely NEE-SWW and NW-SE directions, and the north-east 70 degrees in the graph are more in measurement cracks, so that the north-east 70 degrees is selected in the long edge direction of rectangular well distribution in a primary well pattern deployment a well site.
And (3) the exogenesis joint of the # 3 coal reservoir develops, and the exogenesis joint is divided into an exogenesis joint which cuts through the coal seam to enter the top and the bottom, and an exogenesis joint which cuts through the coal seam and develops in the coal seam partially, and the majority of the exogenesis joint is the latter. The exogenesis joint development has the characteristic of nearly equidistant development, a group of exogenesis joints can be developed at intervals of about 30 meters, dense exogenesis joint zones can be usually formed, coal body structures in the exogenesis joint zones are broken, and secondary exogenesis cracks are developed. The main trends of the joints of the two groups of joints are northeast east and northwest, the inclination angle of the joints of the northeast east and the northwest is larger than that of the northwest, and the coal seam at the junction of the two groups of joints is seriously crushed. The gas expansion joint in the No. 3 coal develops, the gas expansion joint surface is smooth and has the characteristic of pure tensile joint, the gas expansion joint surface is mainly distributed in bright coal in a coal bed, and semi-dark coal and dark coal are rarely layered. The endogenetic fracture is restricted by coal rock components, develops in the vitrinite and the bright coal, develops under vitrinite conditions in a research area, and develops the endogenetic fracture. Therefore, the hydraulic fracturing modification should consider communicating natural fractures to the maximum extent; the staged fracturing interval of a single horizontal well at well site b is recommended to be greater than 30m, and may preferably be 50 m.
The coal body structure of the observation area is good as a whole, the coal with a cracked structure develops at the dense and intersection of cracks, the ground ridge coal develops on the bottom plate of the whole area, and the thickness is 0.6-1m on average. Therefore, the number 9 and number 12 vertical well hydraulic jet hole-making positions can be selected to be at the bottom plate minced edge coal development position, and the hole-making thickness is equal to the minced edge coal development thickness.
Through underground fine fracture system observation, the fracture system in a research area has obvious spatial and directional non-uniformity, so that permeability spatial anisotropy of a coal reservoir can be caused, the development characteristics of coal bed methane can be influenced, and therefore the characteristics of the fracture system need to be fully considered and utilized in well network deployment.
Example 2: determining a preliminary well pattern deployment combination according to the development characteristics of the fractures and different well types; the well pattern deployment combination is a well group consisting of two well sites a and b;
well site a has 8 inclined wells and 1 straight well, the number of the inclined wells is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, and the number of the straight well is 9; the inclined shaft preferably has 8 ports, so that the inclined shaft is inclined, the drilling difficulty is reduced, and the later-stage drainage working condition is improved; meanwhile, the purpose is to promote the central vertical well 9 to better form interwell interference to the surrounding 8 cluster wells. The initial well arrangement mode of 9 wells in the well site a is rectangular, the long side direction is the main development direction of the fracture, and the step S1 shows that the main development direction of the natural fracture of the coal reservoir is an interval and is not only one direction. Therefore, during preliminary well arrangement, the long side direction of the rectangular well arrangement is only one dominant azimuth in the main fracture azimuth development interval.
Well site b has 2 single horizontal branches numbered 10 and 11 and 1 vertical well numbered 12. The purpose of the 2 single-branch horizontal wells is to jointly reduce the pressure with a straight (inclined) well in a well site a and an adjacent straight (inclined) well site, so that the purpose of coupling pressure reduction is achieved, integral inter-well interference is formed, and the effect of high and stable yield is achieved.
Example 3: performing fracturing modification according to a design sequence, monitoring the dynamic change of the production of an adjacent well, and optimally adjusting the well pattern and the well spacing and the direction;
the following examples a and b illustrate the feasibility of monitoring a dynamically changing scenario by a near-wellbore fracture;
example a:
in the old area, the influence of fracturing and drainage monitoring on the old wells around is carried out by encrypting the straight well pattern of the old wells. Old wells a1, a2, a3 and a4 are arranged in the north of a research area, the wells are distributed in a roughly rhombic shape, the well spacing and the orientation are shown as follows in fig. 7, the natural fracture direction of the coal seam in the north of the research area is the east-north direction, the a5 well is a later-implemented encrypted straight well, and the fracture orientation of the a5 well is 79.4 degrees in the east-north direction and is basically consistent with the dominant orientation of the natural fracture.
Monitoring the production dynamic change of the a1 well, when the a1 well is suddenly not producing gas after the a5 well is fractured, the bottom hole flow pressure is increased, the water yield is suddenly increased, the gas production is slowly recovered after the drainage and production are carried out for about 1 month, but the gas yield is still not large before the a5 well is fractured. The fracture generated by the fracturing of the a5 well is directly communicated with the original fracture of the a1 well, and the normal drainage operation of the a1 well is directly disturbed, which is consistent with the fracture monitoring result, as shown in fig. 8.
The production dynamic change of the a3 well is monitored to find that the gas production rate of the a3 well is reduced, the water yield change is not large, the coal powder in produced water is increased, the water is changed from clear to light grey, and the gas production rate is gradually recovered along with the extension of the drainage time. The results show that the fractured fractures of the a5 well are not directly communicated with the original fractures of the a3 well, the fluctuation effect of pressure conduction caused by fracturing generates indirect interference on the a3 well, so that the stress near the a3 well is increased, the fractures are closed, the permeability is reduced, and the gas production is reduced, but the advantage of the inter-well interference gradually appears along with the lapse of drainage and production time, the later-stage synergetic depressurization effect appears, and the later-stage gas production recovery and stable production can be seen, as shown in fig. 9.
The production dynamics of the a2 well and the a4 well are found to be substantially unchanged before and after fracturing the a5 well by the production dynamics of the a2 and the a4 wells, and the direct interference of the a5 well on the a2 and a4 wells is very small, as shown in fig. 10. But not to say that the a5 well can not generate interwell interference in the later production process, the a5 well is used as a well-encrusted well, the drainage period is short, the high gas production is achieved quickly, but the steady production period is short at the same time, which is just to say that the a5 well has formed interwell interference with the surrounding well, and the surrounding reservoir pressure is reduced by the expansion of the adjacent well drainage pressure reduction.
Therefore, the fractures generated by the a5 well fracture mainly extend along the natural main fracture direction of the coal seam, because the azimuth angle of the connection direction of the a1a5 well is closer to the azimuth angle of the natural fracture of the coal reservoir, therefore, the a5 well fracture is easy to generate fractures close to the natural fracture direction and is easier to generate direct communication with the a1 well fracture. The disturbance effect generated by the fracturing fracture of the a5 well has little influence on the well when the fracture is vertical to the direction of the maximum main stress or has a large included angle with the direction of the maximum main stress, and has little relation with the well distance, and the disturbance effect of the fracturing is almost the same as the effect of the distance 138m between the a2 and the a5 well and the effect of the distance 138m between the a4 and the a5 well 189 m. Therefore, in order to improve the interference effect between the well and the wells perpendicular to the main fracture directions a2 and a4 when arranging the encrypted wells, the included angle between the connecting line direction of the wells a2a5 and a4a5 and the main fracture direction is reduced as much as possible.
Example b:
there were 4 cluster old well groups b1, b2, b3 and b4 in the middle of the study area, the dominant direction of the natural main fracture was 64 north east, and the well spacing and orientation were as shown in fig. 11 below. The micro seismic fracture monitoring of the encrypted well b5 shows that the trend of the fracture is 58.6 degrees in the north east, and the fracture grows relatively.
Monitoring the production dynamic changes of the b1 and b4 wells shows that the gas production of the b1 and b4 wells is reduced and the water production changes little before the drainage and production after the b5 fracturing; as drainage time increases and drainage from the b5 well begins, gas production from the b1 and b4 wells gradually recovers. The b5 well fracturing fracture is not directly communicated with the original fractures of the b1 and b4 wells, the pressure conduction fluctuation caused by fracturing generates indirect interference on the b1 and b4 wells at the same time, so that the stress near the b1 and b4 wells is increased, the fracture is closed, the permeability is reduced, and the gas generation rate is reduced, but as drainage and production are carried out, drainage and pressure reduction among well groups are realized, the advantage of inter-well interference is gradually embodied, the later-stage synergetic pressure reduction effect is shown, and the later-stage gas production rate recovery and stable production can be seen, and the later-stage indirect interference effect on the b1 well is better than the interference effect on the b4 well, as shown in fig. 12.
The production dynamics of the b2 well and the b3 well were found to have substantially no change before and after fracturing the b5 well by the production dynamics of the b2 and b3 wells, and the b5 well produced little direct interference with the b2 and b3 wells, as shown in fig. 13.
Through monitoring after fracturing the encrypted wells of the cluster b-well group, the b5 well generates indirect interwell interference effect on the b1 well and the b4 well, and the fracture generated by the b5 well mainly extends between the b1 well and the b4 well and is closer to the b1 well, so that the interference effect on the b1 well is stronger, and the synergistic pressure reduction effect with the b1 well is better. Meanwhile, the gas production effect of the encrypted well b5 is better, gas production is started after short-time water drainage, inter-well interference is formed between the gas production and surrounding wells, and the gas production is stably improved. It can be seen that the included angle between the connection orientation of the b5 well and b1, b2, b3 and b4 and the orientation of the main fracture is proper, so that an effective interwell interference effect is formed on surrounding wells after fracturing.
The control area of the conventional hydraulic sand fracturing coal bed gas single well is mainly in an ellipsoid shape with the main crack direction as a long axis and the direction perpendicular to the main crack direction as a short axis. When the well pattern is arranged, the direction of the connecting line of the three wells is consistent with the direction of the natural fracture as much as possible, and the intersection of the direction vertical to the maximum main fracture and the direction with the maximum main fracture at a high angle is avoided as much as possible. Therefore, when the combined well pattern is designed, the fracturing modification mode of the vertical well 9 is hydraulic sand blasting hole making and hydraulic fracturing of perforation near the top plate, so that a circular pressure relief space and a crack network can be formed, and the overall pressure drop and the inter-well interference effect are improved. This avoids the creation of fractures primarily in the main fracture direction and may communicate with 2 and 7 well fractures, with less communication of fractures perpendicular to the main fracture direction. And the two single-branch horizontal wells have combined drainage effect in the main crack direction and the vertical main crack direction, so that the coupling pressure reduction effect is more obvious, and the interference effect among the wells in the well group is better. Therefore, by observing the production dynamic change of the adjacent well through the fracturing well, a guidance suggestion which is closer to the actual development effect can be provided for the next step of optimizing and adjusting the well pattern. Sequential fracturing of a fractured well can not only increase the inter-well interference effect generated by fracturing, but also provide pertinence to a monitored object; meanwhile, when monitoring the adjacent well, one or two wells can be selected as the observation well without fracturing, so that the monitoring purpose is achieved.
Example 4: and (3) analyzing the well pattern connectivity and the inter-well interference effect by using the chemical characteristics of the produced water of the coal-bed gas well, and providing a suggestion for optimizing and adjusting the well pattern.
And selecting the water produced by the 12 coalbed methane wells of the well group after the adjustment of the research area for water chemical characteristic analysis, wherein the well numbers are c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11 and c12, and are shown in FIG. 14.
Based on constant ion Na in coal bed water + 、K + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Cl - 、SO 4 2- 、CO 3 2- And HCO 3 - The results of the pipe three-line projection are shown in FIG. 15. TDS of all well water samples is 645ppm of 304- 3 The model water is 3# coal seam water-bearing layer water through preliminary judgment, and the water source is the same.
Regarding the research of the communication performance between wells and the interference effect between wells, the trace elements in the coal bed water are optimized, and 7 indication elements are selected according to the characteristics of coal reservoir stratum, geology and the like in the region, wherein the indication elements are as follows: as, Cu, Li, Mo, Rb, Sn and V, water-rock reactions related to the group of indicator elements relate to organic matters, clay minerals, sulfide and carbonate minerals in coal, and can indicate the difference of the water-rock reactions so As to judge the connectivity and the interference among coal-bed gas wells.
The test analysis shows that the content of 7 indicator elements in each sample is different, the content of the trace elements is shown in figure 16, the content of 6 indicator trace elements (As, Cu, Li, Mo, Rb and V) in the c10 and c11 wells is much higher than that in other wells, and the water produced by the coal-bed gas wells of the c10 and c11 wells is numerically roughly judged to be different from the water rock reaction experienced by the adjacent wells.
The communication among wells is identified by applying a Q-type cluster analysis method based on the optimal 7 indication trace elements of the coal bed water species, samples with strong communication among wells are preferentially gathered into clusters in the cluster analysis process, the samples with weak communication or no communication among wells enter the clusters one by one after multiple iterations, and the result is shown in fig. 17. c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10 and c12 have strong well-to-well connectivity and strong inter-well interference effect, and are all clustered before 5 iterations. The c11 well is clustered finally after multiple iterations, the communication between the c11 well and other wells is judged to be weak through cluster analysis, but by combining the trace element content difference of the c11 well, the coal bed section penetrated by the horizontal section of the c11 well is the most, the occurring water rock reaction is the most complex, and therefore the clustering difference of the trace elements caused by the reason is possible. Therefore, by combining the water yield, the water source and other characteristics, the c11 well can be judged to have good drainage effect on the whole, the reservoir pressure between well groups is reduced, the pressure drop is transmitted towards the inside of the well groups, and the interference effect between the whole wells is realized for a long time.
According to the drainage and production conditions of 12 wells, the drainage period of the adjusted well group is shorter, the gas-producing time is shortened, and the drainage period is shortened to about 80 days compared with the average 90 more days of the vertical wells in the adjacent old area; meanwhile, the gas production rate is stable, and compared with the previous old well, the gas production rate is stable for a longer time, and no fast attenuation well appears; meanwhile, the water and gas production laws of straight (inclined) wells in the well site a are the same, the drainage and production curves are similar, and wells with large water and gas production difference do not appear, so that the inter-well interference effect among well groups is also good from the side. The two single-branch horizontal wells c10 and c11 have stable water yield and good drainage effect, play the role of draining water and reducing pressure for well groups, simultaneously have no rapid reduction of gas amount after gas production, and can continuously produce high-gas. Therefore, the well pattern combination after adjustment and optimization has ideal gas production effect and achieves the expected gas production effect.
The chemical characteristic analysis of the water produced by the coal-bed gas well is combined, a basis can be provided for optimization adjustment of a well pattern, if wells with different water sources exist, whether natural faults and collapse columns communicate with other aquifers or fracturing fractures communicate with other aquifers or the like is analyzed, the wells are avoided during well arrangement optimization adjustment, and the well distance of a vertical well and the length and the direction of a horizontal well are also adjusted appropriately; even altering the manner and extent of fracture modification avoids or reduces communication with other aquifers. If the difference between trace elements of produced water of the coal-bed gas well and other wells is large, the reason is judged by combining geological conditions, the difficulty degree of interference among the wells is analyzed, and reference is provided for optimization and adjustment of a well pattern.
As an alternative implementation manner, this embodiment provides a computer device, where the computer device includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the computer program executes each process of the above method for optimizing the deployment of a coal bed methane well pattern, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not described here again.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system in which the element is included.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order, but rather the words first, second, etc. are to be interpreted as indicating.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for optimizing the deployment of a coal bed methane well pattern is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: acquiring development characteristics of natural fractures of a coal reservoir;
step S2: determining a preliminary well pattern deployment combination by combining different well types and fracturing modification modes according to the development characteristics of fractures; the preliminary well pattern deployment combination is a well group consisting of two well sites a and b, wherein the well site a comprises a straight well and a plurality of inclined wells, and the well site b comprises a straight well and two single-branch horizontal wells;
step S3: setting a fracturing transformation mode of each well in the well group, carrying out fracturing transformation according to a preset sequence, monitoring the dynamic change of the production of the adjacent wells, and optimally adjusting the well spacing and the direction;
step S4: performing water chemistry characteristic analysis on each well in the well group, evaluating the communication and interference among wells, and further optimizing well pattern deployment;
step S5: and after optimization and adjustment of the steps S3 and S4, determining an optimized well pattern deployment combination.
2. The method for optimizing deployment of a coalbed methane well pattern according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises:
determining the distribution characteristics of the stress in a large range of a research area by using a regional geological survey and geophysical method, and judging a main stress azimuth;
and determining the development characteristics of the internal and external biogenesis joints, the gas expansion joints and the internal fissure of the coal reservoir by combining the fissure system observation and the coal body structural characteristics of the underground coal reservoir of the coal mine near the research area.
3. The method of coal bed methane well pattern deployment optimization of claim 2, wherein the developmental characteristics of the fractures comprise: size, orientation and density of development of the fissures.
4. The method for optimizing the deployment of a coal bed methane well pattern according to claim 1, wherein in the preliminary well pattern deployment combination of step S2, well site a is a cluster well, which includes 8 inclined wells and 1 straight well, the inclined wells are numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the straight well is numbered as 9, the preliminary well pattern of the cluster well site a is a rectangle, and the long side direction is the main fracture development direction;
and the well site b comprises 2 single-branch horizontal wells and 1 straight well, the single-branch horizontal wells are numbered 10 and 11, the straight well is numbered 12, the well 10 is vertical to the main crack development direction, the well 11 is parallel to the main crack development direction, and the 2 single-branch horizontal wells are used for carrying out combined depressurization with the well site a.
5. The method for optimizing the deployment of the coal bed methane well pattern according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, 8 inclined wells in well site a are transformed by hydraulic sand fracturing, and the vertical well 9 is transformed by hydraulic jet caving and hydraulic sand fracturing; in the well site b, a straight well 12 adopts a hydraulic jet hole-making and hydraulic sand fracturing modification mode, and a 2-port single-branch horizontal well adopts a well cementation and completion mode in a horizontal section and a hydraulic sand blasting staged fracturing modification mode.
6. The method for optimizing the deployment of the coal bed methane well pattern according to claim 5, wherein the hydraulic jet caving horizons and the thicknesses of the vertical wells 9 and 12 select a position where a chyle coal bed or a crushed coal develops according to the development characteristics of the natural fracture of the coal reservoir obtained in the step S1, and the hydraulic sand fracturing horizon selects a position close to a coal bed top plate; the number of the staged sand blasting fracturing sections of the single-branch horizontal wells 10 and 11 is determined according to the extragenic joint development spacing distance obtained in the step S1, the single-branch horizontal well 10 is perpendicular to the main fracture development direction, and the length of the horizontal section and the number of the fracturing modification sections are less than that of the No. 11 well.
7. The method for optimizing deployment of a coalbed methane well pattern of claim 4, wherein the step of performing fracture reformation according to the preset sequence in step S3 comprises:
according to the preliminary well pattern deployment combination in the step S2, the sequence of fracturing modification of the coal bed gas well in the well site a is No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 wells in sequence; and (4) performing fracturing reconstruction on a well site b after fracturing reconstruction of the coal bed gas well in the well site a, wherein the fracturing reconstruction sequence is No. 10, No. 11 and No. 12 wells.
8. The method for optimizing the deployment of a coalbed methane well pattern as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of monitoring the dynamic changes of the production near the well and optimizing the adjustment of the well spacing and the orientation in step S3 comprises:
monitoring the changes of the liquid amount in the adjacent well, the flowing pressure at the bottom of the well, the casing pressure and the gas and water production conditions in the fracturing modification process, and combining with the reference of the ground micro-seismic crack monitoring, so as to judge the interference degree of the fracturing action on the adjacent well, and serve as the basis for optimizing and adjusting the well spacing and the direction.
9. The method for optimizing deployment of a coalbed methane well pattern as defined in claim 1, wherein step S4 comprises:
the source of the produced water of the coal-bed gas well is judged by testing and analyzing the main quantity of the produced water of the coal-bed gas well, trace elements and isotopes, namely whether the produced water of the coal-bed gas well is the outside water of other aquifers is judged, and the reason is found by combining geological analysis; analyzing the connectivity and the interference between wells in and among the well groups by combining the water chemistry characteristics; and a basis is provided for optimizing and adjusting the well arrangement position of the coal-bed gas well, the horizontal section length of the single-branch horizontal well, the number of the inclined wells, the well spacing in the group and the fracturing modification mode and degree.
10. A computer arrangement, characterized in that the computer arrangement comprises a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the method of coal bed methane well pattern deployment optimization as defined in any one of claims 1-9.
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