CN115124711B - Hypoxia-sensitive nano material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Hypoxia-sensitive nano material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115124711B
CN115124711B CN202210667143.2A CN202210667143A CN115124711B CN 115124711 B CN115124711 B CN 115124711B CN 202210667143 A CN202210667143 A CN 202210667143A CN 115124711 B CN115124711 B CN 115124711B
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nanomaterial
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nano material
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CN115124711A (en
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段晓品
蔡程远
肖计生
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Southern Medical University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C08G65/33396—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen having oxygen in addition to nitrogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/136—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline having the amino group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. benzeneamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/655—Azo (—N=N—), diazo (=N2), azoxy (>N—O—N< or N(=O)—N<), azido (—N3) or diazoamino (—N=N—N<) compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery

Abstract

The invention discloses a hypoxia-sensitive nano material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the nano material is prepared by reacting raw materials containing azo phenyl, a soluble skeleton polymer and polyphenol compounds in a solvent. The raw material containing the azo phenyl comprises any one of 4,4 '-dicarboxylic acid azobenzene, 4-carboxyl-4' -amino azobenzene and 3,3', 5' -tetracarboxylic acid azobenzene; the soluble skeleton polymer comprises mPEG-NH 2 Any one of mPEG-COOH; the polyphenol compound comprises any one of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine. The nitrogen-nitrogen double bond in azo group in the nano material can be broken under the condition of hypoxia, so that the nano material loaded with the medicine can be dissociated when reaching the tumor, thereby releasing the medicine, improving the concentration of the medicine in the deep part of the tumor, further effectively killing tumor cells and achieving the treatment effect.

Description

Hypoxia-sensitive nano material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high molecular medicine carriers, and particularly relates to a hypoxia-sensitive nano material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The tumor microenvironment has the characteristics of hypoxia, low pH, inflammatory reaction and immunosuppression. Wherein, the hypoxia is the commonality of all solid tumors, and the hypoxia degree gradually weakens outwards from the center of the tumor. Studies have shown that intratumoral hypoxia produces subsequent biological responses primarily through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1 a) signaling pathways. Hypoxia induces high HIF-1 alpha expression, and is combined with HRE of a programmed death ligand (PD-L1) promoter to up-regulate the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of bone marrow-derived immunosuppressive cells (MDSCs), thereby causing the abnormality of tumor microenvironment, affecting the anti-tumor immune response of an organism and finally being difficult to effectively kill tumor cells.
At present, a plurality of medicines can play a role in effectively killing tumor cells, but the existing medicines can damage normal cells at the same time, so serious side effects can be caused. The nano targeted drug carrying system has the characteristics of small size effect, surface effect and the like, and can carry the drug to the tumor part in a targeted way through the high permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) of the solid tumor, so that the concentration of the drug at the lesion part is further improved, the toxic and side effects of the drug on normal tissues are reduced, and the nano targeted drug carrying system has a larger application advantage than the free drug. The liposome material which is put into clinical use at present wraps the corresponding medicine in the liposome through the hydrophilic and hydrophobic principle, and aims to improve the stability and in vivo bioavailability of the medicine. However, the conventional liposome dosage forms still have the defects of low encapsulation efficiency, poor stability and low utilization rate, thereby limiting the drug effect. On the other hand, the high heterogeneity of tumor tissues and the complex physiological barrier severely limit the depth of the nano material entering the tumor, so that the deep tumor cannot be killed, and the treatment effect is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the problems with the prior art described above. The invention provides a hypoxia-sensitive nano material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein azo phenyl, mPEG and dopamine are connected through amide reaction to prepare the nano material, phenolic hydroxyl in the dopamine in the nano material can be connected with a medicament containing carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl through metal ions with coordination ability, and mPEG can increase the water solubility of the nano material and prolong the circulation time of the nano material in vivo; the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond in the azo group can be broken under the condition of hypoxia, so that the nano material loaded with the medicine is dissociated when reaching the deep part of the tumor, the medicine is released, the concentration of the medicine at the deep part of the tumor is improved, and the effect of effectively killing tumor cells and achieving the treatment is achieved.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a nanomaterial obtained by reacting an azo-phenyl group-containing raw material with a soluble skeleton polymer and a polyphenol compound in a solvent.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the azo-phenyl-containing feedstock comprises any of 4,4 '-dicarboxylic acid azobenzene, 4-carboxy-4' -aminoazobenzene, 3', 5' -tetracarboxylic acid azobenzene.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the soluble backbone polymer comprises mPEG-NH 2 Any one of mPEG-COOH.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the polyphenol compound includes any one of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solvent comprises any one of pyridine, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the azo-phenyl-containing feedstock is subjected to catalyst activation.
In some more preferred embodiments of the invention, the method of activation is by mixing an azo-phenyl-containing feedstock and a catalyst in a solvent.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the catalyst comprises N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the azobenzene-containing raw material and the soluble skeleton polymer, and the polyphenol compound need to be purified after being reacted in a solvent.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the method of purification comprises dialysis purification.
In some more preferred embodiments of the invention, the dialysis purification uses a dialysis bag of 1500Da to 2500 Da.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the azo-phenyl group-containing feedstock and the soluble backbone polymer, and the polyphenol compound are further dried after being reacted in a solvent.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the method of drying comprises freeze drying.
In some more preferred embodiments of the invention, the freeze-drying temperature is from-40 ℃ to-70 ℃.
In some more preferred embodiments of the invention, the lyophilization time is from 20 to 30 hours.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a nanomaterial prepared by the preparation method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the nanomaterial has a particle size of 120-140 nm.
According to a second aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the nanomaterial has a potential of-14 to-16 mV.
The azobenzene in the nanomaterial has nitrogen-nitrogen double bond, and the azobenzene can be broken under the condition of hypoxia, so that the nanomaterial prepared by the invention is a hypoxia-sensitive nanomaterial. In addition, the nano material provided by the invention has mPEG, so that the water solubility of the nano material can be increased, and the circulation time of the nano material in vivo can be prolonged, so that the circulation time of the medicine in vivo can be prolonged, the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond in the azo group can be broken under the condition of hypoxia, and the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond can be broken when the nano material loaded with the medicine reaches a tumor, thereby releasing the medicine, improving the concentration of the medicine at the tumor, effectively killing tumor cells and achieving the treatment effect.
The nano material can realize coordination with metal ions through phenolic hydroxyl groups on dopamine, and the metal ions can simultaneously coordinate with carboxyl groups or phenolic hydroxyl groups on medicines, so that the medicines are loaded into the nano material, wherein the medicines are anticancer medicines with phenolic hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups, and the medicines comprise one or a combination of mitoxantrone, sulfasalazine, bucona, catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, pemetrexed, indomethacin, doxorubicin, taxol and docetaxel.
In a third aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a nanomaterial according to the second aspect of the invention in a drug delivery vehicle.
According to a third aspect of the invention, in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the drug is an anti-tumour drug.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the drug comprises one or a combination of mitoxantrone, sulfasalazine, buconazole, catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, pemetrexed, indomethacin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising the nanomaterial of the second aspect of the present invention, a drug containing a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and a metal ion having a complexing ability.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the drug is an anti-tumor drug.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the drug is preferably one of mitoxantrone, sulfasalazine, butquinate, catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, pemetrexed, indomethacin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, or a combination thereof.
In some more preferred embodiments of the invention, the drug is mitoxantrone, sulfasalazine.
The sulfasalazine can reduce the expression of cystine/glutamate inverse transport protein (SLC 7A 11) on the surface of a cell membrane and reduce glutathione in cells, so that cell iron death is caused, and metal ions (ferrous ions, ferric ions and cupric ions) with coordination capability can also cause cell iron death through Fenton reaction. Mitoxantrone can hinder DNA replication and induce cells to undergo immunogenic death, cells undergoing immunogenic death can induce dendritic cells (DC cells) to mature, thereby promoting T lymphocyte (T cells) activation and secretion of INF-gamma, and INF-gamma can further induce reduction of SCL7A11 expression on the surface of tumor cells, thereby inducing pig death of tumor cells and further killing tumor cells.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the metal ion having coordination ability comprises ferric ion, ferrous ion, cupric ion, zinc ion, chromium ion, and the drug is linked to the nanomaterial according to the second aspect of the present invention through coordination bond formed by metal ion and dopamine.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass percentage of the substance providing the metal ion with coordination ability is 10 to 15%.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the nanomaterial of the second aspect of the present invention has a drug loading of 0.1 to 0.3mg/mg, i.e. 0.1 to 0.3mg of drug can be loaded per mg of nanomaterial.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the drug comprises one drug, two drugs, or more than one drug.
In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing the composition of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of: the nanomaterial, the drug containing phenolic hydroxyl or carboxyl and the metal ion with coordination capability are mixed and coordinated.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the nanomaterial, the drug containing a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and the metal ion having coordination ability are purified after being mixed and coordinated.
In some more preferred embodiments of the invention, the method of purification comprises dialysis purification.
In some further embodiments of the invention, the dialysis purification uses a dialysis bag of 400-6000 kDa.
In some further embodiments of the invention, the dialysis purification time is 2 to 5 hours.
In a sixth aspect, the invention provides the use of a composition according to the fourth aspect of the invention for the manufacture of an anti-tumour agent.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in some embodiments of the invention, the tumor comprises a mouse colon cancer tumor, a mouse liver cancer tumor, a breast cancer tumor, a melanoma.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, azo groups, mPEG and dopamine are connected through amide reaction to prepare a nano material, phenolic hydroxyl groups in the dopamine in the nano material can be coordinated with metal ions with coordination ability, and simultaneously the metal ions with coordination ability can be coordinated with drugs with phenolic hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups, so that the nano material and the drugs are connected; the mPEG in the invention can increase the water solubility of the nano material and the effective drug concentration of the nano material connected with the drug in vivo, and can kill tumors more effectively; in addition, the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond in azo groups in the nano material can be broken under the condition of hypoxia, so that the nano material loaded with the medicine can be dissociated when reaching the tumor, thereby releasing the medicine, improving the concentration of the medicine in the deep part of the tumor, further effectively killing tumor cells and achieving the treatment effect.
(2) The nano material loading medicine can improve the uptake capacity of tumor cells on the medicine, prolong the effective uptake time of the tumor cells on the medicine, effectively enrich the medicine to tumor parts and improve the residence time of the medicine at the tumor parts.
(3) The nano material loading medicine can effectively reduce the survival rate of tumor cells, reduce the toxicity of the medicine and has better biological safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of nanomaterial-loaded drugs in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of particle size of a drug loaded hypoxia sensitive nanomaterial PAD@MS in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a potential diagram of a drug loaded hypoxia sensitive nanomaterial PAD@MS in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the dispersion of drug-loaded hypoxia-sensitive nanomaterial PAD@MS in water under normoxic conditions;
FIG. 5 shows the dispersion of drug-loaded hypoxia-sensitive nanomaterial PAD@MS in water under hypoxia conditions;
FIG. 6 shows drug uptake by different groups of mouse colon carcinoma MC38 cells after incubation for 4h and 8h under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively;
FIG. 7 shows drug uptake by cells in different groups imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy after 4h incubation of mouse colon cancer MC38 cells;
FIG. 8 shows drug uptake by cells in different groups imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy after 8h incubation of mouse colon carcinoma MC38 cells;
FIG. 9 shows the biodistribution of MTX in mice at various times following MTX+SAS administration;
FIG. 10 shows the biodistribution of MTX in mice at various times after administration of drug-loaded hypoxia-sensitive nanomaterial PAD@MS;
FIG. 11 shows the body weight change of C57BL/6 mice in MTX+SAS-administered group and PAD@MS-administered group as well as PBS group;
FIG. 12 shows changes in body weight of BALB/c mice in MTX+SAS-administered group and PAD@MS-administered group as well as PBS group;
FIG. 13 shows the change in body weight of C57BL/6 mice after increasing the dose of PAD@MS;
FIG. 14 shows the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase in mouse serum in MTX+SAS, PAD@MS, and PBS groups;
FIG. 15 shows the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels in mouse serum in MTX+SAS, PAD@MS, and PBS groups;
FIG. 16 shows alkaline phosphatase levels in mouse serum in MTX+SAS, PAD@MS, and PBS groups;
FIG. 17 is H & E slice results of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney of C57BL/6 mice in MTX+SAS dosing group, PAD@MS dosing group and PBS group;
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the change over time of MTX concentration in plasma in rats in MTX+SAS-administered group, PAD@MS-administered group and PD@MS-administered group;
FIG. 19 is a graph showing changes over time in the concentration of SAS in rat plasma in MTX+SAS-administered group, PAD@MS-administered group and PD@MS-administered group;
FIG. 20 is a statistical result of the survival rate of the MC38 cells of the colon cancer of the mice in the PAD@MS administration group and the PD@MS administration group according to the MTX concentration under the normoxic condition;
FIG. 21 is a statistical plot of the survival rate of mouse colon cancer MC38 cells under hypoxic conditions as a function of MTX concentration in the PAD@MS and PD@MS dosing groups.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the description. These examples are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of details and forms of the technical solution of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these changes and substitutions fall within the scope of the present invention.
The test materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation process of the hypoxia-sensitive nanomaterial in example 1 is as follows:
(1) 24mg of 4,4' -dicarboxylic acid Azobenzene (AZO), 26mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 36mg of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride are weighed and dissolved in 12mL of pyridine, and the mixture is stirred for 1h at 30 ℃ to activate carboxyl groups;
(2) Adding 20mg of dopamine into the step (1), and stirring for 24 hours at 30 ℃;
(3) 84mg of aminopolyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG-NH) was added to step (2) 2 ) Stirring at 30deg.C for 16 hr, dialyzing with 2000Da dialysis bag for 2 days, freeze drying to obtain sample, namely mPEG-AZO-Dopamine (PAD), freezing at-60deg.C for 24 hr; sample PAD was stored at-20 ℃.
Example 2
The drug delivery method of the hypoxia-sensitive nanomaterial in embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
5mg of PAD prepared in example 1, 0.32mg of Mitoxantrone (MTX) were dissolved in 1mL of ddH 2 In O, 1.92mg of sulfasalazine (SAS) was dissolved in 20. Mu.L of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, inMixing the above solutions at 25deg.C, adding 1.2mg FeCl 3 Continuously stirring for 40min at 25 ℃, and dialyzing for 3h by using a dialysis bag of 500kDa to obtain the nano material loaded with the medicine, wherein the nano material is denoted as PAD@MS.
In the embodiment of the invention, the antitumor drug with carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl is coordinated and combined with the hypoxia-sensitive nano material through a metal ion coordination bond, the combination principle is shown as shown in figure 1, the drugs Mitoxantrone (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SAS) are directly mixed and stirred with the hypoxia-sensitive nano material PAD in the embodiment 1, and then Fe is added into the mixed solution 3+ Stirring after that, fe 3+ Can coordinate with phenolic hydroxyl in dopamine and can also coordinate with carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl in medicines, so that the medicines are connected with the nano material in the embodiment of the invention.
Comparative example 1
The nanomaterial in comparative example 1 was prepared as follows:
in contrast to example 1, no 4,4' -dicarboxylic acid azobenzene was added in comparative example 1, mPEG-COOH reacted directly with azobenzene in comparative example 1, i.e., the nanomaterial in comparative example 1 did not have hypoxia sensitivity.
(1) 84mg of mPEG-COOH, 26mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 36mg of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were weighed out and dissolved in 12mL of pyridine and stirred for 1h at 30 ℃;
(2) Adding 20mg of dopamine into the step (1), stirring for 24 hours at 30 ℃, then dialyzing and purifying by using a 2000Da dialysis bag, wherein the dialysis time is 2 days, the sample obtained after freeze drying is named PD, the freezing temperature is minus 60 ℃, and the freezing time is 24 hours.
Comparative example 2
5mg of PD in comparative example 1, 0.32mg of Mitoxantrone (MTX) were dissolved in 1mL of ddH 2 In O, 1.92mg of sulfasalazine (SAS) is dissolved in 20 mu L of DMF solvent, and after the above solution is mixed uniformly at 25 ℃, 1.2mg of FeCl is added 3 And (3) continuously stirring for 40min at 25 ℃, and dialyzing for 3h by using a 500kDa dialysis bag to obtain the drug-loaded nano material in comparative example 2, which is denoted as PD@MS.
Characterization and performance testing of PAD@MS
1. The particle size, dispersion index and Zeta potential of the pad@ms in example 2 were tested using a nanoparticle size and Zeta potential analyzer, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a graph of particle size measured by the pad@ms using DLS in the example of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a graph of potential of the pad@ms in the example of the present invention, wherein the left bar graph represents the test result of particle size, and the right bar graph represents the test result of potential.
2. Hypoxia sensitivity test: 10mM Na was added to the nanomaterial PAD@MS 2 S 2 O 4 Solution using Na 2 S 2 O 4 The reducing nature of (2) breaks down the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond in the azobenzene, resulting in dissociation of pad@ms. Since the PAD@MS also dissociates under hypoxic conditions, na is used 2 S 2 O 4 The hypoxia condition of the nano material PAD@MS is simulated. The dispersion situation of PAD@MS under normoxic and hypoxic conditions is observed under a transmission electron microscope, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein fig. 4 is the dispersion situation of PAD@MS in water under normoxic conditions, and fig. 5 is the dispersion situation of PAD@MS in water under hypoxic conditions, and as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, under hypoxic conditions, the originally complete nano structure of PAD@MS in the embodiment of the invention is dispersed due to the breakage of nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds in azobenzene under hypoxic conditions.
3. Test of drug loading effect of PAD@MS
(1) The uptake capacity of the cells for the drug at different time points was examined by flow cytometry and confocal scanning microscopy. Inoculation of the mouse colon cancer cells MC38 cells in 6 well plates at a density of 5X 10 4 The experiments were divided into 4 groups, namely MTX group (adding 2mL of DMEM medium containing MTX to the MC38 cell of the colon cancer cell of the mouse), MTX+SAS group (adding 2mL of DMEM medium containing MTX+SAS to the MC38 cell of the colon cancer cell of the mouse), PD@MS group (adding 2mL of DMEM medium containing PD@MS to the MC38 cell of the colon cancer cell of the mouse), PAD@MS group (adding 2mL of DMEM medium containing PAD@MS to the MC38 cell of the colon cancer cell of the mouse); MTX and MTX+SAS are respectively dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare high-concentration mother materialsThe solution is then added into a DMEM culture medium, PAD@MS and PAD@MS are respectively dissolved in deionized water to prepare solutions, and then the solutions are added into the DMEM culture medium, wherein the adding concentration of MTX is 1 mug/mL, and the adding amount of SAS is 6 mug/mL. The cells in the different groups were each exposed to normoxic (5% CO 2 And 95% air) and hypoxia (1%O) 2 ，5％CO 2 And balance N 2 ) Incubation was performed under the conditions. After incubation for 4h and 8h, respectively, the cells were washed three times with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and the uptake of drug by the mouse colon cancer MC38 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and since MTX was self-fluorescent, the uptake of drug by the mouse colon cancer MC38 cells was analyzed by detecting the fluorescence of MTX, hoechst fluorescent dye was used to stain the nuclei. The test results of the flow cytometry are shown in fig. 6, and fig. 6 shows the drug uptake of the colon cancer MC38 cells of the mice in different groups (NC is a blank control group) after incubation for 4h and 8h under normoxic condition and hypoxia condition respectively, and as the incubation time of the cells increases under normoxic condition, the uptake capacity of the cells of the pad@ms group and the pd@ms group for the drug is relatively close, and the difference is not great, and as the incubation time increases under hypoxia condition, the uptake capacity of the cells of the pad@ms group for the drug is significantly higher than that of the pd@ms group, because the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond in the azobenzene in the pad@ms is broken under hypoxia condition, thereby causing the dropping of the mPEG, and being beneficial to the cell uptake of the drug.
The results of confocal test are shown in fig. 7-8, fig. 7 shows the uptake of the drug by the cells in different groups imaged by the laser confocal scanning microscope after 4h incubation of the mouse colon cancer MC38 cells, fig. 8 shows the uptake of the drug by the cells in different groups imaged by the laser confocal scanning microscope after 8h incubation of the mouse colon cancer MC38 cells, and it can be seen from fig. 7 and fig. 8 that when 4h incubation is performed under normoxic conditions and hypoxia conditions, fluorescence of MTX is detected in the cells in the MTX group, the mtx+sas group, the pd@ms group and the pad@ms group, indicating that the drug is introduced into the cells in the MTX group, the mtx+sas group, the pd@ms group and the pad@ms group. And the amount of the drug entering the cells under the condition of hypoxia is more, and when the incubation time reaches 8 hours, the drug distribution in the PAD@MS group cells is more dense, which indicates that a large amount of the drug enters the cell nucleus.
(2) Enrichment of PAD@MS at tumor sites in mice was examined by in vivo imaging, the mice were purchased from the university of medical science animal center, BALB/c mice (5-6 weeks, about 20 g) were experimentally selected, and the right side of the BALB/c mice was subcutaneously injected with 1X 10 drugs 6 In PBS of individual mouse colon cancer cells CT 26. When the tumor reaches about 100mm 3 When the mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely MTX+SAS group and PAD@MS group, each group of 3 mice, MTX+SAS group received 100. Mu.L of MTX+SAS (MTX+SAS was dissolved in PBS), the dose of administration was 5mg/kg MTX,30mg/kg SAS, PAD@MS group received 100. Mu.L of PAD@MS (PAD@MS was dissolved in PBS), the dose of administration was 5mg/kg MTX,30mg/kg SAS, and the changes in near infrared fluorescence intensity at tumor sites of mice were photographed by in vivo imaging of the mice at 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 8 th, 12 th, 24 th and 48h after administration, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the biological distribution of MTX in the body of mice at different times after administration of MTX+SAS was shown in FIG. 9, the biological distribution of MTX in the body of mice at different times after administration of PAD MS was shown in FIG. 10, the biological distribution of MTX in the body of mice at different times was found from FIG. 9 and the biological distribution of MTX in the body at 10, and the tumor sites of the tumor sites were found to be more abundant by the free tumor sites than the MTX in the mice after administration of the SAD.
(3) Toxicity test: the PAD@MS in the embodiment of the invention can also reduce the toxic effect of MTX and SAS on organisms, a C57BL/6 mouse and a BALB/C mouse are selected in experiments, the MTX+SAS and the PAD@MS are selected as medicines, and the injection containing 1X 10 is subcutaneously injected on the right side of the C57BL/6 mouse 6 PBS containing MC38 of colon cancer cells of mice was inoculated with subcutaneous tumor, and BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected on the right side with 1X 10 cells 6 PBS of colon cancer cell CT26 of each mouse is planted with subcutaneous tumor, and the tumor volume reaches 50mm 3 When the drug treatment is carried out, the experiment is divided into two groups, namely an MTX+SAS group and a PAD@MS group, wherein 100 mu L of PBS containing MTX+SAS is injected into the mice in the MTX+SAS group in an intraperitoneal mode, 100 mu L of PBS containing PAD@MS is injected into the PAD@MS group in an equal volume, the intraperitoneal injection is carried out at the dosage of 5mg/kg MTX and 30mg/kg SAS every 2 days, a blank control group is arranged, and the PBS with equal volume and C57BL/6 hours are injected in the same modeMice were co-injected 5 times and BALB/c mice were co-injected 10 times. FIG. 11 shows the weight change of the C57BL/6 mice in the MTX+SAS-administered group and the PAD@MS-administered group and the PBS group, and FIG. 12 shows the weight change of the BALB/C mice in the MTX+SAS-administered group and the PAD@MS-administered group and the PBS group, and as can be seen from FIGS. 11 to 12, the weight of the C57BL/6 mice and the BALB/C mice in the MTX+SAS-administered group were significantly reduced, while the weight of the C57BL/6 mice and the BALB/C mice in the PAD@MS-administered group were not significantly changed. Further increasing the dose of PAD@MS, the doses of 50mg/kg MTX and 300mg/kg SAS, the same administration method was used to administer C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneous tumors, and the body weight of the C57BL/6 mice after 5 administrations was tested, and the results are shown in FIG. 13, wherein the change of body weight of the C57BL/6 mice after increasing the dose of PAD@MS is shown in FIG. 13, and the change of body weight of three C57BL/6 mice is recorded. As can be seen from fig. 13, even with an increase in the dose of pad@ms, no significant decrease in body weight occurred in the mice.
Further comparing the content of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum of C57BL/6 mice after administration, the content of ALT, AST and AKP can reflect liver function condition of the mice and can reflect damage condition of drug toxicity to liver, and the content of ALT, AST and AKP is measured according to the description in the corresponding kit, wherein the kit is purchased from Nanjing build reagent company. The results are shown in fig. 14-16, and it can be seen from the figures that the content of ALT, AST and AKP in serum of mice in the mtx+sas administration group is obviously higher than that of mice in the pad@ms administration group and PBS group, which indicates that liver functions of mice in the mtx+sas administration group are obviously damaged, and the content of ALT, AST and AKP in the pad@ms administration group is lower than that of the mice in the PBS administration group, further indicating that the pad@ms in the implementation of the invention has lower toxicity.
Further, the H & E slicing results of C57BL/6 mice after administration of MTX+SAS group and PAD@MS group were studied, and also the C57BL/6 mice planted with subcutaneous tumor were subjected to slicing analysis on the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney by the same time, and as shown in FIG. 17, 100. Mu.L of PBS containing MTX+SAS was intraperitoneally injected into the mice of MTX+SAS group, 100. Mu.L of PBS containing PAD@MS was injected into the PAD@MS group with equal volume, and the PBS was injected into the blank control group with equal volume, and was administered by intraperitoneal injection once at a dose of 5mg/kg MTX and 30mg/kg every 2 days, and the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of the C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the slicing analysis on the next day after the end of administration, and as shown in FIG. 17, the presence of obvious cavitation-like necrosis in the liver of mice in the MTX+SAS administration group was observed, and the liver of mice in the PAD@MS administration group was not significantly changed compared with the PBS of the invention, which had higher toxicity of free biological and was compared with that of the SAS in the invention.
(4) Further comparing the in vivo circulation time of PAD@MS, PD@MS and free drugs MTX and SAS, the experiment adopts SD rats which are purchased from animal centers of southern medical university and are in SPF grade, the SD rats in the experiment are randomly divided into 3 groups which are respectively a PAD@MS group, a PD@MS group and an MTX+SAS group, 3 rats in each group are administrated by injecting 500 mu L of PBS containing PAD@MS into an abdominal cavity, 500 mu L of PBS containing PD@MS into an abdominal cavity and 500 mu L of PBS containing MTX+SAS into an abdominal cavity, and the doses of 5mg/kg MTX and 30mg/kg SAS are administrated into the rats in the PD@MS group. After administration, blood from SD rats was collected at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours, respectively, and immediately centrifuged at 2000rpm for 10min to harvest plasma, 150 μl of methanol was added to 50 μl of plasma to break the structures of PAD and PD and release the drug, precipitate proteins and extract the drug from the plasma. After centrifugation at 10000rpm for 10min, the levels of MTX and SAS in plasma were quantitatively determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The results are shown in fig. 18 and 19, wherein fig. 18 shows the change of the concentration of MTX in the plasma of rats in different administration groups over time, and fig. 19 shows the change of the concentration of SAS in the plasma of rats in different administration groups over time, and as can be seen from fig. 18 and 19, both pd@ms and pad@ms are effective in increasing the effective drug concentration in blood compared to the free drugs MTX and SAS, wherein the concentration of MTX and SAS in the plasma of rats in pd@ms and pad@ms groups are 4.54 and 6.42 times that of the free drug group, respectively; on the other hand, pd@ms and pad@ms can prolong the circulation time of the drug in the body, and can delay the process compared with the rapid clearance of free drug groups.
Further comparing the effect of PAD@MS and PD@MS on mouse colorectal cancer cells MC38 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the mouse colorectal cancer MC38 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 2X 10 3 Dividing the cells into experimental groups and blank groups, respectively adding 200 μl of culture medium containing different amounts of PD@MS and PAD@MS into corresponding wells in the experimental groups to treat MC38 cells, adding 200 μl of DMEM culture medium into the blank groups, and respectively subjecting the cells in the experimental groups and the blank groups to constant oxygen (5% CO) 2 And 95% air) and hypoxia (1%O) 2 ，5％CO 2 And balance N 2 ) Adhering for 24 hours under the condition. The cells in the experimental and control groups were then exposed to normoxic (5% CO 2 And 95% air) and hypoxia (1%O) 2 ，5％CO 2 And balance N 2 ) Incubate under conditions for 48h. The viability of the colorectal cancer MC38 cells of mice was examined according to the instructions of the cell count kit-8 (CCK-8), and the results are shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, and it can be seen from FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 that the difference in inhibition effect of PAD@MS and PD@MS on the colorectal cancer MC38 cells of mice was not obvious under normoxic conditions, but the survival rate of the colorectal cancer MC38 cells of mice treated with PAD@MS was significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions when the concentration of MTX was between 0 and 0.5 μg/mL (the concentration of SAS was between 0 and 3 μg/mL), indicating that the PAD@MS in the examples of the present invention had a relatively significant inhibition effect on the colorectal cancer MC38 cells of mice under hypoxic conditions.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the nano material is characterized in that the nano material is obtained by reacting raw materials containing azo phenyl, soluble skeleton polymers and polyphenol compounds in a solvent;
wherein the raw material containing the azo phenyl comprises any one of 4,4 '-dicarboxylic acid azobenzene, 4-carboxyl-4' -amino azobenzene and 3,3', 5' -tetracarboxylic acid azobenzene; the soluble skeleton polymer comprises mPEG-NH 2 Any one of mPEG-COOH; the polyphenol compound comprises any one of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine; the solvent comprises any one of pyridine, chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide.
2. The nanomaterial made by the method of claim 1, wherein the nanomaterial has a particle size of 120-140 nm.
3. The nanomaterial of claim 2, wherein the nanomaterial has a potential of-14 to-16 mV.
4. Use of a nanomaterial according to any of claims 2 to 3 in a drug delivery vehicle.
5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the nanomaterial of any one of claims 2 to 3, a drug containing a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and a metal ion having a coordination ability.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein the drug containing phenolic hydroxyl or carboxyl groups is an anti-tumor drug.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the anti-tumor drug comprises one or a combination of mitoxantrone, sulfasalazine, buconazole, catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, pemetrexed, indomethacin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein the drug is linked to the nanomaterial of any one of claims 2-3 by a coordination bond.
9. A method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: mixing the nanomaterial of any one of claims 2 to 3, a drug containing a phenolic hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and a metal ion having a coordination ability, wherein the drug is an antitumor drug.
10. Use of a pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8 for the preparation of an antitumor drug.
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