CN115121989A - End socket welding quality evaluation method - Google Patents
End socket welding quality evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115121989A CN115121989A CN202211054347.5A CN202211054347A CN115121989A CN 115121989 A CN115121989 A CN 115121989A CN 202211054347 A CN202211054347 A CN 202211054347A CN 115121989 A CN115121989 A CN 115121989A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a method for evaluating the welding quality of an end socket. According to the method, welding effect evaluation values of the end sockets are obtained according to the thickness and the rigidity of the end sockets and the weld reinforcement after welding, then the similarity between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets in the end sockets is calculated, the distance between the welding effect evaluation values of the two end sockets is correspondingly obtained, and based on the obtained distance, the LOF algorithm, namely the local outlier factor algorithm, is used for determining the end sockets with the maximum preset number of outliers in the end sockets, namely the end sockets with abnormal welding quality. According to the invention, after the welding effect evaluation value of each end socket is obtained, the end socket with abnormal welding quality is determined by a method for judging the outlier sample by means of a local outlier factor algorithm, so that the accuracy of end socket welding quality judgment is improved, a welding quality abnormal evaluation threshold value is not required to be manually given, the evaluation efficiency is improved, and the problem that the end socket welding quality evaluation cannot be efficiently and accurately completed in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a method for evaluating welding quality of a seal head.
Background
The seal head is an indispensable important part in pressure vessel equipment used in various industries such as petrochemical industry, atomic energy, food pharmacy and the like, and the welding quality between the seal head and other parts of the pressure vessel directly influences the overall performance of the pressure vessel. At present along with the improvement of degree of automation and the reason of considering head weight crescent, welding requirement crescent, the head welding is generally accomplished with automatic welding mode on the lathe, and the welding lathe accomplishes the head welding according to specification information such as head thickness and welding requirement automation.
After a welding machine tool finishes welding a seal head to obtain a pressure container, the welding quality of the seal head part is inevitably detected before the pressure container leaves factory and is put into use.
However, in the detection method, quality control personnel are required to give corresponding threshold values for each seal head specification and welding requirement, and it is expected that the quality control threshold values given by the quality control personnel through experience will have certain unreasonable or error, and the operation of giving the corresponding threshold values for each welding condition also needs a lot of effort of the quality control personnel. That is, the existing end socket welding quality detection method has the problems of low efficiency and inaccurate detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seal head welding quality evaluation method, which is used for solving the problem that the seal head welding quality evaluation cannot be efficiently and accurately finished in the prior art, and adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a seal head welding quality evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
calculating a welding effect evaluation value of the end socket according to the thickness and the rigidity of the end socket and the weld reinforcement after welding;
calculating the similarity between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end enclosures in the set number of end enclosures, and correspondingly obtaining the distance between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end enclosures;
and determining the end sockets with abnormal welding quality in the set number of end sockets by using a local outlier algorithm based on the distance between the obtained welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, after the welding effect evaluation value of each end socket is obtained, the difference between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets is calculated, and based on the obtained difference, the end socket with abnormal welding quality is determined by means of a method for judging an outlier sample by means of a local outlier factor algorithm, so that the accuracy of end socket welding quality judgment is improved, a welding quality abnormal evaluation threshold value does not need to be manually given, the evaluation efficiency is improved, and the problem that the end socket welding quality evaluation cannot be efficiently and accurately finished in the prior art is solved.
Further, the specific process of determining the end sockets with abnormal welding quality in the set number of end sockets by using the local outlier algorithm is as follows:
and calculating the local reachable density of each end socket in the set number of end sockets, then calculating the outlier factor of the corresponding end socket according to the local reachable density, representing the outlier degree of the corresponding end socket according to the size of the outlier factor, and using the end sockets with the preset number and the largest outlier degree as the end sockets with abnormal welding quality.
Further, the evaluation value of the welding effect of the end socket is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the evaluation value of the welding effect of the ith end socket,
and
respectively the mean and the variance of the thickness value of the ith seal head,
and
respectively the extreme difference of the rigidity of the ith seal head and the average value of the rigidity,
and
the average value and the range of the weld reinforcement after the ith seal head is welded are respectively.
Further, the similarity between the evaluation values of the welding effect of any two end sockets is as follows:
the distance between the evaluation values of the welding effect of any two end sockets is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the distance between the evaluation values of the welding effect of any two seal heads A and B is shown.
Further, after the end socket with abnormal welding quality is determined, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining the welding seam surplus height of the end socket with abnormal welding quality, and finally considering that the welding quality of the end socket is abnormal if the welding seam surplus height is smaller than the lower limit value of the normal range of the welding seam surplus height of the end socket; and if the welding seam residual height is larger than the upper limit value of the normal range of the welding seam residual height of the end socket, detecting the yield strength of the welding seam of the end socket, and finally considering that the welding quality of the end socket is normal when the yield strength is qualified, or else, finally considering that the welding quality of the end socket is abnormal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the method for evaluating the welding quality of the end socket.
Detailed Description
The method for evaluating the welding quality of the end socket according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The method comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the method for evaluating the welding quality of the end socket is shown in figure 1, and the specific process is as follows:
1. and determining the evaluation value of the welding effect of the seal head according to the thickness and the rigidity of the seal head and the weld reinforcement after welding.
The welding effect of the end socket is directly related to the specification parameters of the end socket and the welding seam parameters after welding, the thickness and the rigidity of the end socket and the surplus height of the welding seam after welding the end socket are used as parameters for evaluating the welding effect of the end socket in the embodiment, and in other embodiments, the calculation of the evaluation value of the welding effect can be completed by adopting other related parameters of the end socket.
Because the same end socket may cause the condition of uneven thickness in the processing process, the thickness gauge is adopted in the embodiment, the thickness information of one end socket is measured on the circumference of the same end socket at set intervals, and the thickness information of the ith end socket in a plurality of end sockets is obtained
={
And obtaining the thickness information of all the end sockets by the method.
The end sockets have different rigidity, the deformation of the end sockets after welding is influenced differently, the end sockets with smaller rigidity generally have larger deformation after welding, and the end sockets with larger rigidity generally have smaller deformation after welding.
Similarly, since the thickness and material of the same end socket at different circumferential positions have slight differences in the production process, the embodiment uses a pressing method to measure the rigidity information of one end socket at intervals of a set interval on the circumference of the same end socket to obtain the rigidity information of the ith end socket of a plurality of end socketsRigidity information
={
And obtaining rigidity information of all the seal heads by the method.
The plumpness of the welding seam of the welded end socket is mainly represented by the surplus height of the welding seam, when the plumpness of the welding seam is too thin, the strength of the welding seam cannot meet the requirement, and the problem of welding seam cracking is easy to occur during use; when the weld plumpness is too thick, the brittleness of the weld is too strong, and the problem of welding fracture is caused when the using strength is too large.
On the welding line of the same seal head, the welding line residual height of one seal head is obtained by measuring every set interval, and the welding line residual height of the ith seal head in a plurality of seal heads is obtained
={
And obtaining the weld reinforcement information of all welded end sockets by the method.
Based on the thickness and the rigidity of the end socket and the surplus height of a welded seam, the welding effect evaluation value of the ith end socket can be determined:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the evaluation value of the welding effect of the ith end socket,
and
respectively mean value and variance of thickness value of ith end socket，
And
respectively the extreme difference of the rigidity of the ith seal head and the average value of the rigidity,
and
the average value and the range of the weld reinforcement after the ith seal head is welded are respectively.
Mean value of head thickness
The integral thickness of the reaction end socket is increased, the welding current required by the welding machine tool during welding the end socket is increased when the thickness of the reaction end socket is increased, and the variance of the thickness of the end socket is increased at the moment
The larger the difference of all parts of the welded end socket is, the lower the overall welding quality of the end socket is.
Mean value of head rigidity
The integral rigidity of the reaction end socket can be evaluated, the deformation difficulty of the end socket after welding can be evaluated, the smaller the rigidity of the end socket is, the higher the possibility of deformation of the end socket after welding is, and the lower the welding quality is; extreme difference of seal head rigidity
The method is used for reflecting the difference situation of rigidity of each part of the same end socket, and the larger the difference is, the larger the difference is in the deformation degree of each part after the end socket is welded, and the lower the welding quality is.
Mean value of weld reinforcement after head welding
The overall situation of the welding seam surplus height of the end socket is reflected, the value of the overall situation is closer to the upper limit value of the interval within the specified interval of the welding seam surplus height, and the overall welding seam strength after welding is higher, the welding effect is better, and the welding quality is higher; the extreme difference reflects the difference of the weld residual heights of all parts after the end socket is welded, and the smaller the value is, the smaller the difference of the weld residual heights of all parts after the end socket is welded is, and the higher the welding quality is.
On the whole, the larger the J value, the better the overall welding effect will be. And normalizing the J value to enable the value range to be between [0 and 1], wherein the closer the J value is to 1, the better the welding effect is.
2. And calculating the similarity of the welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets, and correspondingly obtaining the distance between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets.
Calculating the similarity of the welding effect of any two seal heads:
Based on the obtained similarity, a distance function is constructed, and the distance between the two end socket welding effect evaluation values is determined:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
namely the distance between the evaluation values of the welding effect of any two seal heads A and B.
3. And determining the end sockets with abnormal welding quality by using an LOF algorithm based on the distance between the obtained welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets.
Based on the obtained distance between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets A and B, the invention provides a local outlier factor algorithm (LOF), which has the basic idea that: firstly, calculating a local reachable density of each end socket, and then calculating to obtain an outlier factor of each end socket through the local reachable density, wherein the outlier factor identifies the outlier degree of one end socket, the larger the factor value is, the higher the outlier degree is, and the smaller the factor value is, the lower the outlier degree is. And finally, outputting top (n) end sockets with the maximum degree of outlier. The specific process is as follows:
and taking a sufficient number of welded seal heads as samples, and determining the seal heads with abnormal welding quality by using an LOF algorithm. The input layer of the LOF algorithm enters a set of all samples and the output layer produces a set of outlier samples. And calculating the local reachable density of each sample, further calculating to obtain a local outlier factor of each sample, and selecting n samples with the highest output outliers.
Calculating the kth reachable distance of each sample in the kth distance neighborhood of each sample:
in this embodiment, any two samples m and n in the sample set are selected as an example to define
Is the kth distance of sample m, if
Then the following condition is satisfied:
there are at least k samples in the set excluding m
So that
；
There are at most k samples in the set that do not include m
So that
。
In short, sample n is the kth sample closest to sample m.
Definition of
A kth distance field for a sample m, where the field can be viewed as a set, including all samples having a distance to the sample m that is less than the kth distance of the sample m, it can be seen that
k。
Taking the sample m as the center, the sample m is,
the k-th reachable distance from any sample Q to sample m is defined as:
the kth reachable distance of sample Q to sample m is defined as the greater of the kth distance of sample Q and the distance of sample Q to sample m.
Calculate the kth local reachable density for each sample:
the kth local reachable density of a sample m is the inverse of the average kth reachable distance of all samples in the kth distance neighborhood of sample m to sample m. It characterizes the density of the sample m, when the higher the density of the sample m with the surrounding samples, the more likely the reachable distance of each sample is a smaller respective kth distance, at which point the lrd value is larger; the closer the sample m is to the surrounding samples, the more likely the reachable distance of each sample is to be the larger actual distance between the two samples, at which point the smaller the lrd value.
Calculating the kth local outlier factor of each sample to obtain the confidence of the abnormal sample
：
The kth local outlier factor for sample m is the neighborhood of sample m
The average of the ratio of the local achievable density of the other samples within the sample to the local achievable density of the sample m.
If the outlier factor is closer to 1, the density of the sample m is almost the same as that of the neighborhood sample, and m may belong to the same cluster as the neighborhood; if the outlier factor is less than 1, meaning that the density of sample m is higher than its neighborhood sample density, then sample m is normal; if the outlier factor is greater than 1, meaning that the density of sample m is lower than its neighborhood sample density, then sample m may be an outlier sample.
Based on the local outlier factor, outlier samples can be determined using one of two criteria:
1) the n samples with the highest outlier factors are outlier samples, and the value of n can be set and adjusted based on the total number of samples and the actual feedback effect, or set by quality testing personnel according to experience by combining with the strictness of quality testing;
2) given a threshold, when the local outlier factor is greater than the threshold, it is determined to be an abnormal sample.
No matter which one of the two criteria is adopted, after the distance between any seal head and all other seal heads is obtained, the seal head with the overlarge distance can be determined to be an abnormal seal head, and all abnormal seal heads are found out by using the method and listed as welding qualityVolume abnormal end socket sequence
。
Additionally, in this embodiment, after the abnormal end sockets are found, the abnormal end sockets are not directly regarded as abnormal, but the weld seam remaining height of each end socket in the sequence P is determined again, and if the weld seam remaining height of a certain end socket in the sequence P is in the normal range of [, ] ] [, ] ] is set as the normal range of the weld seam remaining height of the certain end socket
]The weld joint height of the seal head is lower than the lower limit value of the normal range
Finally, the end socket is considered to be abnormal; if the weld seam allowance of the seal head is higher than the upper limit value of the normal range
The brittleness of the seal head welding line is increased, the seal head welding line can be broken when in use, the condition that the welding line performance meets the requirement still exists, the yield strength of the seal head welding line is detected, when the yield strength is qualified, the seal head is not abnormal, otherwise, the seal head is finally considered to be abnormal.
In the local outlier factor calculation method, the outlier degree of one sample is related to samples around the sample, so that the concept of local is embodied, the outlier factor calculation method is different from other outlier definitions and is also advantageous in that the local outlier factor algorithm can find outliers which are likely to be omitted by other algorithms, and the original outlier samples are misjudged as normal samples, so that the outlier samples are calculated by adopting the local outlier factors, the end sockets with abnormal welding quality can be more accurately found, and the accuracy of end socket welding quality judgment is improved.
In addition, the average value of the local outlier factors is used for judging the outlier, so that the detection result is more stable and does not change greatly along with the change of the k value of the parameter, and more importantly, after a certain number of samples, namely the seal heads, are subjected to overall analysis by using a local outlier factor algorithm, the overall average state of the samples can reflect the normal level of the welding quality of the seal heads corresponding to the samples, and the average state serves as a threshold value for judging whether the welding quality of the seal heads is qualified or not. Therefore, when the end sockets to be detected with different specifications and different welding requirements are faced, the welding quality of the end sockets is judged through the local outlier factors, quality inspection personnel do not need to give a quality judgment threshold value for the end sockets to be detected with different specifications and different welding requirements every time, the judgment output of the quality inspection personnel is saved, and the judgment efficiency is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application, and they should be construed as being included in the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A seal head welding quality evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating a welding effect evaluation value of the end socket according to the thickness and the rigidity of the end socket and the weld reinforcement after welding;
calculating the similarity between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end enclosures in the set number of end enclosures, and correspondingly obtaining the distance between the welding effect evaluation values of any two end enclosures;
determining the end sockets with abnormal welding quality in the set number of end sockets by using a local outlier algorithm based on the distance between the obtained welding effect evaluation values of any two end sockets;
the specific process of determining the end sockets with abnormal welding quality in the set number of end sockets by using the local outlier factor algorithm comprises the following steps:
calculating the local reachable density of each seal head in the set number of seal heads, then calculating the outlier factor of the corresponding seal head according to the local reachable density, representing the outlier degree of the corresponding seal head according to the size of the outlier factor, and taking the seal heads with the preset number and the largest outlier degree as the seal heads with abnormal welding quality;
the evaluation value of the welding effect of the end socket is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the evaluation value of the welding effect of the ith end socket,
and with
Respectively the mean and the variance of the thickness values of the ith head,
and
respectively the extreme difference of the rigidity of the ith seal head and the average value of the rigidity,
and with
The average value and the range of the weld reinforcement after the ith seal head is welded are respectively.
2. A head welding quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the similarity between the welding effect evaluation values of any two heads is as follows:
the distance between the evaluation values of the welding effect of any two seal heads is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the distance between the evaluation values of the welding effect of any two seal heads A and B is shown.
3. A head welding quality evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps after determining a head with abnormal welding quality:
determining the welding seam surplus height of the end socket with abnormal welding quality, and finally considering that the welding quality of the end socket is abnormal if the welding seam surplus height is smaller than the lower limit value of the normal range of the welding seam surplus height of the end socket; and if the welding seam residual height is larger than the upper limit value of the normal range of the welding seam residual height of the end socket, detecting the yield strength of the welding seam of the end socket, and finally considering that the welding quality of the end socket is normal when the yield strength is qualified, or else, finally considering that the welding quality of the end socket is abnormal.
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