CN115121907B - Method for improving austenite content in duplex stainless steel welding line - Google Patents
Method for improving austenite content in duplex stainless steel welding line Download PDFInfo
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- CN115121907B CN115121907B CN202210883034.4A CN202210883034A CN115121907B CN 115121907 B CN115121907 B CN 115121907B CN 202210883034 A CN202210883034 A CN 202210883034A CN 115121907 B CN115121907 B CN 115121907B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTCFNJXQEFODHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Ti] Chemical compound [Ca].[Ti] JTCFNJXQEFODHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IADRPEYPEFONML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ce].[W] Chemical compound [Ce].[W] IADRPEYPEFONML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving austenite content in a duplex stainless steel welding line, which comprises the following steps: step one, determining a welding process; step two, respectively determining at least two welding-following heating sections on the front surface and the back surface of the welding seam through a test; step three, determining heating parameters for indirect arc welding heating in each heating zone through a test; and fourthly, welding, and simultaneously performing indirect arc welding heating on the plurality of heating sections. The invention utilizes the indirect arc heating technology to indirectly heat the duplex stainless steel welding seam, which not only has high heating speed, but also heats the welding seam in micro-contact or non-contact manner, thus avoiding arc remelting the surface layer of the welding seam; the welding seam specific section is heated along with welding, so that the residual heat after welding is fully utilized, the heating energy consumption is reduced, the welding seam can be in a high-temperature section for a long time, and the increase of the austenite content in the welding seam is promoted; the indirect arc heating power is small, and the weld metal is quickly heated while saving electricity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the austenite content in a welding line, in particular to a method for improving the austenite content in a welding line of duplex stainless steel.
Background
The microstructure of the duplex stainless steel at room temperature consists of an austenite phase and a ferrite phase, so that the advantages of the austenite stainless steel and the ferrite stainless steel are combined, the duplex stainless steel has good toughness and strength and excellent chloride stress corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the industries of offshore and land oil gas, chemical pressure vessels, pulp, papermaking and the like.
The welding of duplex stainless steel is greatly different from the welding of other stainless steel such as austenitic stainless steel, and one of the keys for determining the welding quality of the duplex stainless steel is how to keep a proper amount of ferrite structure and austenite structure in the weld metal structure of the duplex stainless steel. Almost all duplex stainless steels are completely ferrite structures after solidification from the liquid phase, and as the temperature decreases, transformation of ferrite phase to austenite phase starts to occur, but the cooling rate of the welded weld joint is high, the quantity of ferrite phase transformation to austenite phase is small, and the austenite phase in the welded joint is too small at room temperature, that is, the number of austenite phases in the welded joint and the parent metal of the same composition is much smaller than that in the welded joint. To solve this problem, the Ni content in the duplex stainless steel weld can be increased by using a high Ni-containing welding material, since Ni is a typical austenitizing element, and the increase in Ni content in the weld can significantly increase the austenite phase content in the weld. For example, a titanium-calcium slag system duplex stainless steel welding rod and a preparation method thereof (CN 201910883408.0) adopt a welding core with the Ni content of 9.0% -11%, a plasma welding process (CN201910535602. X) of duplex stainless steel 2507 with bypass wire feeding adopts a welding wire with the high Ni content of about 9.5%, and a flux-cored wire for gas shielded welding of the super duplex stainless steel of the Chinese invention and a preparation method thereof (CN 201910359667.3) adopt a flux-cored wire steel belt with the high Ni content of 11.0% -12.5%.
However, for high cooling rate welding methods such as laser welding, electron beam welding, it is difficult to increase the austenite content in duplex stainless steel welds even with high Ni content welding materials. The self-fluxing welding with high efficiency and low cost can not add austenitizing elements into the welding line because no welding material is used, and the austenite content of the welding line is far lower than that of the base material.
In order to solve the problem of too low austenite content in the duplex stainless steel weld joint, solution treatment can be effectively carried out after welding, but the solution treatment is usually heated to about 1100 ℃ and then is carried out for heat preservation, so that energy is consumed very, and the solution treatment after welding cannot be realized for some larger welding structures. The cooling speed of weld metal can be reduced along with welding heating, and the transformation quantity from ferrite phase to austenite phase is increased, so that the content of austenite phase is effectively increased. However, to meet the requirement of heating the duplex stainless steel along with welding, firstly, the heating speed is high, the welding seam can be heated to a high temperature at the same time as the welding speed, secondly, the heating width of the direct welding seam is small, so that the base materials on two sides of the welding seam are not directly heated, as the base materials are easy to separate out harmful brittle phases at high temperature, thirdly, the heating process should strictly protect the heating surface of the welding seam to prevent the welding seam from oxidizing, and fourthly, the heating cannot cause remelting of the surface layer of the welding seam. The conventional heating methods such as flame heating, induction heating, laser heating and the like are difficult to meet the requirements at the same time, and are not suitable for being used as a welding-following heating method of a duplex stainless steel welding seam. The arc direct heating (namely, the heated workpiece is used as one electrode of the arc) can heat the welding seam to a very high temperature in a very short time, the heating surface is small, and the welding seam can be well protected by being matched with inert gas, but has a disadvantage that the arc direct heating can cause remelting of the surface layer of the welding seam when the welding seam is heated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a method for improving the austenite content in a welding line of duplex stainless steel, which can improve the austenite content in the welding line.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a welding process;
step two, respectively determining at least two welding-following heating sections on the front surface and the back surface of the welding seam through a test;
step three, determining heating parameters for indirect arc welding heating in each heating zone through a test;
and fourthly, welding, and simultaneously performing indirect arc welding heating on the plurality of heating sections.
The method for determining the welding heating interval in the second step specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: in the welding process, along with the movement of a welding heat source, a front area of a welding seam corresponding to the surface temperature of 450-550 ℃ is set as a first heating interval, and a back area of the welding seam corresponding to the surface temperature of 350-450 ℃ is set as a third heating interval;
step 2.2: in the welding process, a first indirect arc heating system and a third indirect arc heating system are utilized to respectively perform indirect arc heating on the first heating interval and the third heating interval, so that the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam after indirect arc heating is raised to 1100-1200 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam after indirect arc heating is raised to 1000-1100 ℃;
step 2.3: in the welding process, the first heating section and the third heating section are kept to be subjected to indirect arc heating, and a region which is subjected to indirect arc heating and is cooled to 400-500 ℃ again on the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam is set as a second heating section;
step 2.4: and (3) maintaining indirect arc heating of the first, second and third heating sections, and setting a section in which the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam is cooled to 400-500 ℃ again after the indirect arc heating as a fourth heating section.
The heating zone is heated by an indirect arc generated by an indirect arc heating system.
The temperature measuring position of the surface temperature of the front surface or the back surface of the welding seam is determined by the following method: and if the arc length of the indirect arc is L and the projection of the center of the indirect arc on the front surface or the back surface of the welding line is point O, the position, which is 2L away from the point O, on the front surface or the back surface of the welding line is the temperature measuring position.
In the third step, heating parameters of each heating interval are required to be respectively adjusted and determined, so that the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam after arc heating in the first heating interval is kept at 1100-1200 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam after arc heating in the second heating interval is kept at 1000-1100 ℃; the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam heated by the third heating interval is kept at 1000-1100 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam heated by the fourth heating interval is kept at 1000-1100 ℃.
And step four, protecting each heated area of the welding seam by adopting protective gas during heating.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention utilizes the indirect arc heating technology to indirectly heat the duplex stainless steel welding seam, which not only has high heating speed, but also heats the welding seam in micro-contact or non-contact manner, thus avoiding arc remelting the surface layer of the welding seam; the welding seam specific section is heated along with welding, so that the residual heat after welding is fully utilized, the heating energy consumption is reduced, the welding seam can be in a high-temperature section for a long time, and the increase of the austenite content in the welding seam is promoted; the indirect arc heating power is small, and the weld metal is quickly heated while saving electricity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the weld-following heating employed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph (500 times) of a weld obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph (500 times) of a weld obtained by a conventional method.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the welding gun 12 is adopted to weld the welding piece 1 to form a welding seam 14, the welding piece 1 is made of duplex stainless steel 2205, the plate thickness is 5mm, the welding method is plasma arc self-welding, and the welding mode is automatic welding and single-pass welding. The weld front face 2 and the weld back face 5 are each provided with at least two indirect arc heating systems, all of which move in synchronism with the welding gun 12. The present embodiment employs four indirect arc heating systems, including a first indirect arc heating system 8 and a second indirect arc heating system 9 disposed above the weld front face 2, and a third indirect arc heating system 10 and a fourth indirect arc heating system 11 disposed below the weld back face 5. The four indirect arc heating systems are all located behind the welding gun 12, wherein the first indirect arc heating system 8 is closer to the welding gun 12 than the second indirect arc heating system 9, and the third indirect arc heating system 10 is closer to the welding gun 12 than the fourth indirect arc heating system 11.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a welding process
Through experiments, welding process parameters of plasma arc self-fusion welding are determined, including welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, ion gas flow, shielding gas flow, tungsten electrode diameter, distance from a nozzle to a workpiece and the like. For this embodiment, the determined welding process parameters are: welding current 152A, voltage 26V, welding speed 22cm/min, ion gas flow rate 3.8L/min, protective gas flow rate 22L/min, tungsten electrode with 2.4mm diameter cerium tungsten electrode, and nozzle-workpiece distance 4mm.
Step two, determining two welding-following heating sections on the front surface 2 of the welding seam through a test, wherein the two welding-following heating sections comprise a first heating section 3 and a second heating section 4, and determining two welding-following heating sections on the back surface 5 of the welding seam, wherein the two welding-following heating sections comprise a third heating section 6 and a fourth heating section 7.
When the welding is performed on the weldment 1, with the relative movement between the welding heat source 13 (plasma welding arc generated by the welding gun 12) and the weldment 1, a welding seam 14 which is gradually lengthened is formed behind the welding heat source 13, the distances from the welding heat source 13 are different, the temperatures of the surfaces of the welding seam 14 are different, the welding seam 14 closest to the welding gun 12 is the welding seam 14 which is just solidified, the surface temperature is the solidus temperature (about 1410 ℃) of the duplex stainless steel 2205, the farther from the welding heat source 13, the lower the surface temperature of the welding seam 14 is, the position of the welding seam 14 which is at a certain distance from the welding heat source 13 is, and the surface temperature of the welding seam 14 is basically stable.
The method for determining the heating area specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: in the welding process, along with the movement of the welding heat source 13, a region of the front surface 2 of the welding seam corresponding to the welding heat source 13 with the relative distance of 5.8-6.5cm and the surface temperature of 450-550 ℃ is set as a first heating region 3, and a region of the back surface 5 of the welding seam corresponding to the welding heat source 13 with the relative distance of 3.2-4.0cm and the surface temperature of 350-450 ℃ is set as a third heating region 6;
step 2.2: in the welding process, a first indirect arc heating system 8 and a third indirect arc heating system 10 are utilized to respectively perform indirect arc heating on a first heating interval 3 and a third heating interval 6, and proper heating parameters are determined, so that the surface temperature of the front surface 2 of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating is raised to 1100-1200 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface 5 of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating is raised to 1000-1100 ℃;
step 2.3: in the welding process, the first heating section 3 and the third heating section 6 are kept to be subjected to indirect arc heating, the relative distance between the welding heat source 13 and the welding heat source is 13.5-14.6cm, and the area, cooled to 400-500 ℃ again, of the surface temperature of the front surface 2 of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating is set as a second heating section 4;
step 2.4: the first, second and third heating sections are kept to be indirectly arc-heated, the distance between the welding heat source 13 and the welding heat source is 9.2-10.5cm, and the section which is cooled to 400-500 ℃ again after the indirect arc heating is set as a fourth heating section 7.
For the above heating, the indirect arc 15 generated by the first indirect arc heating system 8 realizes the indirect arc heating to the first heating section 3, the indirect arc 15 generated by the second indirect arc heating system 9 realizes the indirect arc heating to the second heating section 4, the indirect arc 15 generated by the third indirect arc heating system 10 realizes the indirect arc heating to the third heating section 6, and the indirect arc 15 generated by the fourth indirect arc heating system 11 realizes the indirect arc heating to the fourth heating section 7, and the same applies.
The temperature measuring position of the surface temperature of the front surface 2 or the back surface 5 of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating is determined by the following method, the arc length of the indirect arc 15 is set to be L, the projection of the center of the indirect arc 15 on the front surface 2 or the back surface 5 of the welding seam is set to be a point O, and the position, which is 2L away from the point O, on the front surface 2 or the back surface 5 of the welding seam is set as the temperature measuring position. In this embodiment, the arc length of the indirect arc 15 is 5mm, and the temperature measurement position is a position 10mm away from the O-point on the weld front surface 2 or the weld back surface 5.
Step three, determining heating parameters for indirect arc welding heating in each heating zone through experiments
In the formal welding process, indirect arc heating needs to be performed on the first heating section 3, the second heating section 4, the third heating section 6 and the fourth heating section 7 at the same time, and as the temperature change of the welding seam 14 when heating is different from the condition when heating is performed on only one part of the four heating sections at the same time, the heating parameters of each heating section need to be respectively adjusted and determined in the step, so that the surface temperature of the front surface 2 of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating of the first heating section 3 is kept between 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface 5 of the welding seam after the arc heating of the second heating section 4 is kept between 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃; the surface temperature of the front surface 2 of the welding seam heated by the third heating zone 6 is kept at 1000-1100 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface 5 of the welding seam heated by the fourth heating zone 7 is kept at 1000-1100 ℃.
And fourthly, welding, namely performing indirect arc welding heating on the four heating sections, namely the first heating section 3, the second heating section 4, the third heating section 6, the fourth heating section 7 and the like, and protecting each heated area of the welding seam 14 by adopting inert gas as protective gas during heating. And (3) adopting the welding technological parameters determined in the step one to start formal welding, and adopting the heating parameters of the four heating sections determined in the step two and the heating sections determined in the step three to perform indirect arc welding-following heating.
The indirect arc 15 is different from the direct arc heating in that the object to be heated is the cathode or anode of the arc, and the metal to be heated can be instantaneously melted, whereas the object to be heated is not the cathode or anode of the arc in the indirect arc heating, regardless of the arc. The indirect arc heating retains the advantages of high speed and low energy consumption of the arc heating, and avoids the defect that the arc heating easily causes the melting of a heated object, so that the method is very suitable for the welding-following heating of the duplex stainless steel welding seam 14.
The metallographic photograph of the weld 14 obtained by the method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, the structure shown by the arrow in FIG. 2 is austenite, and the austenite content in the weld 14 is about 45%. The metallographic photograph of the weld 14 obtained without the method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3, the structure shown by the arrow in FIG. 3 being austenite, the austenite content in the weld 14 being about 25%. After the method is adopted, the austenite content in the duplex stainless steel welding seam is greatly improved, which benefits from the rapid electric arc indirect heating of the welding seam 14 along with the welding multiple points, increases the time of the welding seam metal in a high-temperature section, and ensures that the ferrite phase in the welding seam 14 has sufficient time to be converted into the austenite phase.
Claims (2)
1. A method for increasing the austenite content of a duplex stainless steel weld, comprising the steps of:
step one, determining a welding process, wherein the welding process parameters of plasma arc self-fusion welding are determined through a test, wherein the welding process parameters comprise welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, ion gas flow, shielding gas flow, tungsten electrode diameter and distance from a nozzle to a workpiece;
step two, respectively determining two welding-following heating intervals on the front surface of the welding seam and the back surface of the welding seam through a test, wherein the temperature measuring position of the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam or the back surface of the welding seam is determined by the following method: setting the arc length of the indirect arc as L, and setting the projection of the center of the indirect arc on the front surface or the back surface of the welding seam as a point O, wherein the position, which is 2L away from the point O, on the front surface or the back surface of the welding seam is a temperature measurement position; the method for determining the welding-following heating area comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: in the welding process, along with the movement of a welding heat source, a front area of a welding seam corresponding to the surface temperature of 450-550 ℃ is set as a first heating interval, and a back area of the welding seam corresponding to the surface temperature of 350-450 ℃ is set as a third heating interval;
step 2.2: in the welding process, the first heating interval and the third heating interval are subjected to indirect arc heating, so that the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating is raised to 1100-1200 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam after the indirect arc heating is raised to 1000-1100 ℃;
step 2.3: in the welding process, the first heating section and the third heating section are kept to be subjected to indirect arc heating, and a region which is subjected to indirect arc heating and is cooled to 400-500 ℃ again on the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam is set as a second heating section;
step 2.4: the first, second and third heating sections are kept to be subjected to indirect arc heating, and a section in which the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam is cooled to 400-500 ℃ again after the indirect arc heating is set as a fourth heating section;
determining heating parameters of indirect electric arc along with welding heating in each heating interval through a test, wherein the heating intervals are heated by indirect electric arcs generated by an indirect electric arc heating system, and the heating parameters of each heating interval are respectively adjusted and determined, so that the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam after the indirect electric arc heating in the first heating interval is kept between 1100 and 1200 ℃, and the surface temperature of the front surface of the welding seam after the indirect electric arc heating in the second heating interval is kept between 1000 and 1100 ℃; the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam after indirect arc heating in the third heating interval is kept at 1000-1100 ℃, and the surface temperature of the back surface of the welding seam after indirect arc heating in the fourth heating interval is kept at 1000-1100 ℃;
and fourthly, welding, and simultaneously performing indirect arc welding heating on the plurality of heating sections.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth step is to protect each heated zone of the weld with a shielding gas during heating.
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