CN115120670B - 一种含药饲两用中兽药的组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种含药饲两用中兽药的组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多功能型药饲两用中兽药及饲料原料组合物的制备方法和用途，包括首先利用二氧化碳超临界提取技术麦冬、山茱萸、地骨皮、伏龙肝混合粉末，使得中药中的有效成分更易于仔猪吸收，再添加取硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、维生素、泛酸钙、烟酰胺混合为多维粉打造成既可饲用也可药用的多功能型组合物。本发明通过中西药配比结合用于各阶段生猪，从而解决了养猪生产中的因烦躁、应激以及疾病等造成的消耗问题，提高猪的生长速度、提高养猪生产效益。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及饲料制备技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种含药饲两用中兽药的组合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
养猪生产中流行这么一句俗语：初生重一两，断奶重一斤，出栏重十斤。由此可以看出，仔猪断奶阶段的健康生长对养猪生产效益的重要性。然而，仔猪在断奶期不可避免地都会存在断奶使仔猪胃肠内微生物区系发生变化-有害细菌增加、消化道和消化腺发育不完善-消化酶分泌不足-出现消化不良、母源抗体降低/断供-免疫力空档问题，以及仔猪恋母和恋乳，加上对新环境不适应、等级次序重建引发打斗，导致体内应激反应的发生。因而，此阶段的仔猪往往都存在烦躁不安、相互拱肚子、奔跑与打斗、腹泻、虚弱导致生长缓慢或生长停滞甚至出现负增长。这些问题的存在，即不利于养猪生产，也不符合“动物福利”要求(动物福利是指动物如何适应其所处的环境，满足其基本的自然需求。科学证明，如果动物健康、感觉舒适、营养充足、安全、能够自由表达天性并且不受痛苦、恐惧和压力威胁，则满足动物福利的要求)。针对上述问题，现有技术或从饲养管理着手，或从抗感染、促生长着手，或从抗应激着手，虽然能解决部分问题，但往往是顾此失彼，解决的程度并不太理想，而且操作相对也比较难，也存在抗菌药的不合理应用问题。因此，目前的养猪生产亟需一种集清心安神、促生长、抗应激、增强免疫力于一体、无公害的多功能型技术或产品，以便更好地解决仔猪断奶阶段以及保育阶段、育肥阶段健康生长乃至更快生长问题，提高养猪效益。
为了克服这些缺点，开发出更加安全有效的药饲两用中兽药的组合物成为科学界研究的焦点。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种含药饲两用中兽药的组合物及其制备方法和用途。
本发明的技术方案是提供了一种多功能型药饲两用中兽药及饲料原料组合物。本发明的另一技术方案是提供了该中兽药及饲料原料组合物的制备方法和用途。本发明采用科学中药配比，通过二氧化碳超临界提取技术，使得中药中的有效成分更易于仔猪吸收，再通过中西配比结合，养防通用的策略，应用微量元素、维生素、中兽药，打造成既可饲用也可药用的多功能型组合物(根据所用主要成分，后文简称为“山地麦伏超临界提取组合物”)。用于各阶段生猪，很好地解决了养猪生产中的因烦躁、应激以及疾病等造成的消耗问题，提高猪的生长速度、提高养猪生产效益。其中各成份功能特点如下:
山茱萸：补益肝肾，涩精固脱。用于眩晕耳鸣，腰膝酸痛，阳痿遗精，遗尿尿频，崩漏带下，大汗虚脱。内热消渴。
地骨皮：凉血除蒸，清肺降火。用于阴虚潮热，骨蒸盗汗，肺热咳嗽，咯血，衄血，内热消渴。
麦冬：养阴生津，润肺清心。用于肺燥干咳。虚痨咳嗽，津伤口渴，心烦失眠，内热消渴，肠燥便秘；咽白喉。
伏龙肝：温中和胃，止吐，止血，止泻。用于妊娠恶阻，胃寒呕吐，腹泻，便血，吐血，血崩，赤白带下，尿血，鼻衄，胎盘滞留，直肠出血。
实施例1山地麦伏超临界提取组合物的配方筛选
中药不传之秘在于用量。药材的种类、用量及组合，均是方剂的重要因素，它们直接关系到该方药的疗效。同时通过二氧化碳超临界提取技术对本发明“山地麦伏超临界提取组合物”进行有效成分的高效提取，旨在克服养猪生产中猪群因烦躁、应激以及疾病等造成的消耗问题，提高动物福利，改善养猪生产性能，而又不会影响猪肉食品安全性；不仅仅在于“疾病防治”，因此，选材与用量与单纯用于疾病防治有诸多不同。本发明以猪的烦躁表现、发病率和增重为指标，考察山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对猪生长速度的影响，对配方进行筛选。
(一)不同配方产品的制备
取麦冬、山茱萸、地骨皮、伏龙肝粉碎为300目粉，分别为麦冬粉、山茱萸粉、地骨皮粉、伏龙肝粉；经过科学配比混合后利用二氧化碳超临界提取技术进行提取，具体提取参数如下：超临界提取釜1000升，二氧化碳由高压泵加压至30MPa，经过换热器加温到35度，使其成为超临界流体，该流体通过萃取釜进入分离柱，经减压至6MPa，升温至45度，有效成分被分离出来。取硫酸亚铁1～6份、硫酸锌1～6份、维生素C1～6份、泛酸钙1～6份、烟酰胺1～6份混合为多维粉；按表1规定比例分别提取麦冬粉、山茱萸粉、地骨皮粉、伏龙肝粉后与多维粉，混匀，制备1-11号混合物。
表1山地麦伏超临界提取组合物配方的优选方案
(二)不同配方产品的质量评价
评价方法：选母猪体重基本相当且生产日期相近的初生仔猪，在相同饲养条件下随机分成1～12组(12为对照组)；1～11组用1～11号混合物按0.4％浓度与教槽料混合均匀，投喂仔猪，从产后15天至断奶后3天；对照组按日常饲养方式饲养。分别于投药前和断奶后称仔猪体重，计算增重；期间同时记录仔猪打抖、狂奔、断奶期间相互拱肚子等烦躁表现与发生疾病的情况，并根据下表做相应的评价。
表2养猪生产中猪烦躁表现评估标准
| 发生频率(次) | ＞30 | 30～21 | 20～11 | 10～5 | 4～1 | 0 |
| 综合评价 | +++++ | ++++ | +++ | ++ | + | - |
表3本发明山地麦伏超临界提取组合物质量评价结果
对表2所列4项指标进行综合分析可得：配方1～6的质量都很好，其中又以配方2、3、5为最优。
以下通过试验例具体说明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对断奶仔猪增重的影响
材料：杆菌肽锌预混剂(10％，市售)；山地麦伏超临界提取组合物(实施例1制备)。
试验动物：成都市双流区某猪场生产日期相近的初生仔猪100头。
方法：在相同饲养条件下随机分成1～3组(3组为对照组)；1组、2组分别用3号混合物和杆菌肽锌预混剂按0.4％浓度与教槽料混合均匀，投喂仔猪，从产后15天至断奶后7天；对照组按日常饲养方式饲养。分别于投药前和断奶后称仔猪体重，计算增重；期间同时记录仔猪打斗、狂奔、断奶期间相互拱肚子等烦躁表现与发生疾病的情况，评价方法与实施例1相同。
实验结果：见表4。
表4山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对仔猪断奶增重的影响
从以上试验结果可以看出，本发明山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对仔猪断奶增重的影响优于杆菌肽锌预混剂。
试验例2山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对架子猪增重的影响
材料：杆菌肽锌预混剂(10％，市售)；山地麦伏超临界提取组合物(实施例1制备)。
试验动物：成都市双流区某猪场生产日期相近的架子猪100头(日龄50天，平均体重15.2kg)。
方法：在相同饲养条件下随机分成1～3组(3组为对照组)；1组、2组分别用3号混合物和杆菌肽锌预混剂按0.2％浓度拌料，投喂仔猪，从50日龄至65日龄；对照组按日常饲养方式饲养。分别于投药前和停药后称重，计算增重；期间同时记录猪群打斗、狂奔等烦躁表现与发生疾病的情况，评价方法与实施例1相同。
实验结果：见表5。
表5山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对架子猪增重的影响
从以上试验结果可以看出，本发明山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对架子猪增重的影响优于杆菌肽锌预混剂。
试验例3山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对育肥猪增重的影响
材料：杆菌肽锌预混剂(10％，市售)；山地麦伏超临界提取组合物(实施例1制备)。
试验动物：成都市双流区某猪场生产日期相近的育肥猪100头(日龄150天，平均体重75.2kg)。
方法：在相同饲养条件下随机分成1～3组(3组为对照组)；1组、2组分别用3号混合物和杆菌肽锌预混剂按0.1％浓度拌料，投喂。从150日龄至180日龄；对照组按日常饲养方式饲养。分别于投药前和停药后称重，计算增重；期间同时记录猪群打斗、狂奔等烦躁表现与发生疾病的情况，评价方法与实施例1相同。
实验结果：见表6。
表6山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对育肥猪增重的影响
从以上试验结果可以看出，本发明山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对育肥猪增重的影响优于杆菌肽锌预混剂。
试验例4
按照3号配比方案对山地麦伏超临界提取组合物以及不经过超临界提取单纯山地麦伏共混组合物进行对育肥猪增重的影响
材料：杆菌肽锌预混剂(10％，市售)；山地麦伏超临界提取组合物(实施例1制备)。
试验动物：成都市双流区某猪场生产日期相近的育肥猪100头(日龄150天，平均体重75.2kg)。
方法：在相同饲养条件下随机分成3组(3组为对照组)；1组用3号超临界提取组合物，2组用3号单纯共混组合物拌料，投喂。从150日龄至180日龄；对照组按日常饲养方式饲养。分别于投药前和停药后称重，计算增重；期间同时记录猪群打斗、狂奔等烦躁表现与发生疾病的情况，评价方法与实施例1相同。
实验结果：见表7。
表7山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对育肥猪增重的影响
以上试验结果可以看出，本发明山地麦伏超临界提取组合物对育肥猪增重的影响优于山地麦伏单纯共混组合物。
Claims (1)
1.一种多功能型药饲两用中兽药或饲料原料组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，分别取麦冬粉 21 份、山茱萸粉 21 份、地骨皮粉 21 份、伏龙肝粉 19 份，按配比混合后利用二氧化碳超临界提取技术进行提取后，再与多维粉 18 份进行混合制得；所述二氧化碳超临界提取是超临界提取釜 1000 升，二氧化碳由高压泵加压至 30MPa，经过换热器加温到 35度，使其成为超临界流体，该流体通过萃取釜进入分离柱，经减压至 6MPa，升温至 45 度，有效成分被分离出来；所述多维粉是分别取硫酸亚铁 1～6 份、硫酸锌 1～6份、维生素 C1～6 份、泛酸钙 1～6 份、烟酰胺 1～6 份混合制备而成。
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