CN115119542A - Assembly glazing with electric heating field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a glazing (1) with an electric heating field (H1, H2), comprising: - at least one pane (2, 3), - a first collecting conductor (5) provided for connection to a voltage source and Second gathering conductors (6), which are connected to each other by heating wires (7), so that an electric heating field (H1, H2) is formed between the two gathering conductors (5, 6), ‑ in the heating field (H1, H2) Outer at least one wire-free area (8), wherein the first collecting conductor section (5.1) of the first collecting conductor (5) is guided around the heating wire-free area (8) in such a way that the first collecting conductor section ( 5.1) The shortest distance between the second gathering conductor (6) and the second gathering conductor (6) is smaller than the shortest distance between at least one second gathering conductor segment (5.2) of the first gathering conductor (5) and the second gathering conductor (6), the first The heating wire (7.1) extends from the first collecting conductor segment (5.1) to the second collecting conductor (6) in the first heating field area (H1), and the second heating wire (7.2) is in the second heating field area (H2). ) extending from at least one second collecting conductor segment (5.2) to the second collecting conductor (6), wherein the heating wires (7.1, 7.2) have the following characteristics i), ii) and/or iii): i) the first The resistance of the heating wire (7.1) is greater than the resistance of the second heating wire (7.2), ii) the distance between the directly adjacent first heating wires (7.1) is greater than the distance between the directly adjacent second heating wires (7.2) distance, iii) the waviness of the first heating wire (7.1) is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire (7.2), wherein features i), ii) and/or ii) are configured such that the first heating field area (H1 The heating power per unit area in ) corresponds to the heating power per unit area in the at least one second heating field region (H2).

Description

Assembly glazing with electric heating field

technical field

The present invention belongs to the technical field of glazing manufacture, and relates to glazing with electric heating fields, methods of manufacture and uses thereof.

Background technique

The view from the windows (especially the windshield) must be kept free of ice and fog. For example, in a motor vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine, the air flow heated by the heat of the engine can be directed to the windows.

Furthermore, the pane may have an electrical heating function, whereby a heating field is formed by the electrically heatable structure. For example, composite glazings are known which have a transparent conductive coating on the inner surface of one of the individual glazings. An external voltage source can be used to conduct current through the conductive coating, heating the coating, and thus the glazing. WO 2012/052315 A1 discloses for example such a heatable metal-based coating. It is also known to use electrically heatable wires, usually embedded in thermoplastic interlayers in composite glazings.

The electrical contacting of the electrically heatable structures is generally carried out by collecting conductors (bus bars), eg known from US 2007/0020465 A1. For example, the aggregated conductors consist of printed and baked silver paste. Collective conductors typically extend along the top and bottom edges of the window pane. The gathering conductor gathers the current flowing through the electrically heatable structure and conducts it to an external lead connected to a voltage source.

The shielding effect of window panes with electrically heatable structures against electromagnetic radiation is relatively strong, so that radio data communication can be significantly impaired, especially in motor vehicles with electrically heatable windshields. Therefore, electrically heatable windshields are often provided with areas ("communication windows") in which electrically heatable structures are not formed. These communication windows penetrate well at least for certain ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum and thus enable smooth data traffic through the window panes. Communication windows in which electronic devices such as sensors, cameras, etc. can be placed are usually arranged near the upper edge of the window pane, where they can be well hidden by the upper masking strip.

However, due to the spatial extension of the communication window, the communication window affects the heating characteristics of the electrically heatable structure, which at least locally affects the heating power per unit area. In fact, the communication window results in a highly non-uniform heating power distribution, with the heating power below and near the communication window changing significantly. As a result, very different window glass temperatures can occur, causing great thermal stress to the window glass. In addition, the adhesive points of the additional parts can also come off as a result.

In general, it would be desirable to have a heatable glazing having an electrical heating field with at least approximately uniform heat output (heating power) per unit area throughout the heating field.

DE 11 2018 004604 T5 discloses a glazing according to the preamble of claim 1 . JPH08 72674 A discloses glazing with heating wires of variable diameter and/or spacing.

In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved glazing with an electric heating field, with which these disadvantages can be avoided. The glazing should be easy and inexpensive to manufacture in industrial series production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects are solved according to the proposal of the present invention by a glazing with an electric heating field according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims.

According to the present invention, there is shown an electrically heatable glazing with an electrically heated field, which is generally, but not necessarily, used to separate an interior environment from an exterior environment.

The glazing according to the invention can in principle adopt any design, in particular as insulating glazing in which at least two panes are separated by at least one spacer, as thermally strengthened single-pane safety glazing, or as laminated glazing . Preferably, the glazing according to the invention is designed as a laminated glazing and comprises a first glazing with an outer side and an inner side and a second glazing with an inner side and an outer side, which are provided by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (adhesive layer ) are firmly bonded to each other. The first glazing may also be referred to as an outer glazing, and the second glazing may be referred to as an inner glazing. The surfaces or sides of the two individual panes are generally referred to from outside to inside as side I, side II, side III and side IV.

The glazing according to the invention comprises at least one glazing and first and second collecting conductors provided for connection to a voltage source and through a plurality of heating wires for the first and second collecting conductors The conductors and the second collective conductor are interconnected in such a way that an electrical heating field is formed.

The heating wire is arranged on the at least one pane, in particular on the surface of the at least one pane. The heating wires each extend from the first collecting conductor to the second collecting conductor and are preferably connected directly to both collecting conductors so that a heating field is formed by the heating wires.

In the glazing according to the invention, at least one area free of heating wires is provided outside the heating field, which area can be used in particular as a communication window. Advantageously, the wire-free area is arranged at the upper edge of the glazing, in particular at least approximately in the center of the glazing. One or more sensors may be arranged at the heater-free area, for example in the interior of the vehicle. A wire-free area does not have any heating wires, as these would negatively affect the passage of electromagnetic radiation through the area, which would negatively affect the functionality of the sensor. The wire-free area may have any suitable geometric shape, preferably, the wire-free area is rectangular or trapezoidal in shape. Alternatively, oval, circular, polygonal, or any other suitable shape may be chosen for the wire-free area.

According to the invention, the first collecting conductor segment of the first collecting conductor is guided around the heating wire-free area in such a way that the shortest distance between the first collecting conductor segment and the second collecting conductor is smaller than at least one second collecting conductor of the first collecting conductor The shortest distance between the aggregated conductor segment and the second aggregated conductor. Typically, at least one second collective conductor segment is arranged adjacent to the first to first collective conductor segments, wherein the second collective conductor segment may be arranged adjacent to each side of the first collective conductor segment, in which case , the first aggregated conductor consists of a first aggregated conductor segment and two adjacent second aggregated conductor segments.

The first heating wire extends from the first collecting conductor segment to the second collecting conductor such that the first heating wire forms a first heating field area. The second heating wire extends from at least one second collecting conductor section, in particular from two second collecting conductor sections, to the second collecting conductor, so that the second heating wire forms at least one second heating field area, in particular two second heating field regions Heating field area. Therefore, the heating wire is divided into or composed of a first heating wire and a second heating wire. The first heating wire is spatially separated from the second heating wire. Accordingly, the heating field is divided into a first heating field area (defined by the first heating wire) and at least one second heating field area (defined by the second heating wire), in particular two second heating field areas, or by a second heating field area. A heating field area (defined by the first heating wire) and at least one second heating field area (defined by the second heating wire), in particular two second heating field areas. At least one second heating field region, in particular two second heating field regions, is spatially separated from the first heating field region.

According to the invention, the first heating wire in the first heating field region and the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field region are formed differently from each other. More specifically, the waviness of the first heating wire is different from that of the second heating wire, wherein the waviness of the first heating wire in the first heating field area is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field area Spend.

What is important here is that the waviness of the heating wire is designed such that the heating power per unit area (window glass area) in the first heating field area corresponds to the heating power per unit area (window glass area) in the at least one second heating field area .

The present invention is based on the insight that due to the shorter distance between the two gathering conductors in the segment of the first gathering conductor routed around the heating wire-free area, the heating power per unit area compared to the rest of the heating field The increase is due to a reduction in the length of an otherwise identically formed heating wire and thus a reduction in the length-dependent resistance (resistance per length, measured in ohms/meter) of the heating wire. This results in undesirably uneven heating power per unit area throughout the heating field. According to the invention, by changing the waviness of the heating wire, it is possible to achieve uniformity of the heating power per unit area in the entire heating field in an advantageous manner. In this way, the disadvantages mentioned at the outset can be avoided, in particular as a result of which no large thermal stress is caused on the window pane. Therefore, the heating wire-free area can be appropriately formed in size, shape and position according to its function, for example as a communication window, regardless of any thermal inhomogeneity. These are the main advantages of the present invention.

In the glazing according to the invention, the heating field is formed by a heating wire extending between a first collecting conductor and a second collecting conductor, the two collecting conductors being electrically connected by the heating wire. Thus, the heating field is divided into a first heating field region and at least one second heating field region, in particular two second heating field regions.

According to the invention, the heating wires in the heating field are formed such that the waviness of the first heating wire in the first heating field region is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field region.

In the sense of the present invention, a heating wire may be regarded as "corrugated", ie having corrugations, if it has a wavy, in particular meandering (eg sinusoidal) course along which it extends Waviness. Basically, the corrugated heating wire extends in a (eg, straight) extension direction, and exhibits corrugated meanders perpendicular to the extension direction. The length of the corrugated heating wire measured along its extending direction (without considering the corrugated meandering) is inevitably shorter than the actual length of the heating wire when considering the meandering.

The waviness of the heating wire can be determined in a simple manner by stretching the corrugated heating wire into a straight shape, whereby the waviness can be described by a relative value which is determined by the stretched (previously corrugated) The length of the heating wire and the length of the (undrawn) corrugated heating wire in the direction of its extension without taking into account the corrugated meandering are given. It can be understood that in order to determine the waviness of the heating wire, the same heating wire needs to be considered. For example, if the length of a corrugated heating wire is increased by 10% by stretching it into a straight shape, the resulting relative value is 1.1 (length of the straight wire after stretching / length of the corrugated heating wire before stretching length in the stretch direction).

The heating wires used in the glazing according to the invention are provided with corrugations, ie they have a corrugated path that differs from a straight path. The waviness of the heating wire changes its length, which in turn changes the length-dependent resistance (measured in ohms/meter) of the heating wire.

In principle, changing the length of the heating wire changes the length-dependent resistance, which increases with the length. Due to the greater waviness of the first heating wire, the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area can be advantageously reduced compared to the heating power per unit area in the at least one second heating field area.

According to one embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention, the first heating wires are provided with such a waviness that the length of each first heating wire increases by a factor of 1.1 to 1.4 due to stretching. This measure makes it possible to achieve a good homogenization of the heating power per unit area, especially in the case of conventional vehicle glazing, such as windshields in which the upper edge of the glazing is arranged with a wire-free area.

According to other embodiments of the invention, at least one of the following features i) and ii) is achieved:

Feature i):

The resistance of the first heating wire in the first heating field region is greater than the resistance of the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field region.

Feature ii):

The distance between directly adjacent first heating wires in the first heating field area is greater than the distance between directly adjacent second heating wires in the at least one second heating field area.

It is important here that features i) and/or ii) are designed such that the heating power per unit area (glazing area) in the first heating field area corresponds to the unit area (glazing area) in the at least one second heating field area )heating power.

According to feature i), the heating wires in the heating field are designed such that the resistance of the first heating wire in the first heating field region is greater than the resistance of the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field region. Due to the higher resistance of the first heating wire, the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area can be reduced in an advantageous manner compared to the heating power per unit area in the at least one second heating field area.

In principle, the increase in electrical resistance can be achieved in any way, for example by choosing a different material for the first heating wire than the second heating wire with higher resistance. According to an advantageous embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the heating wires are of the same material and the diameter of the first heating wire in the first heating field area is smaller than the diameter of the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field area. By this measure, the resistance of the heating wire can be selectively adjusted in a simple manner by sizing the diameter of the heating wire so that its resistance increases, the heating power per unit area decreases with the diameter of the heating wire, and vice versa.

Preferably, the diameter of the first heating wire in the first heating field area is 20% to 30% smaller, in particular 25% smaller than the diameter of the second heating wire in the at least one second heating field area, with the result that a unit of Good homogenization of the area heating power, especially in the case of conventional vehicle glazing, such as windshields with wire-free areas arranged on the upper edge of the glazing.

Advantageously, the diameter of the heating wire is 10 μm to 200 μm, especially 15 μm to 35 μm, especially 18 μm to 29 μm.

According to feature ii), the heating wires in the heating field are formed such that the distance between immediately adjacent first heating wires in the first heating field area is greater than the immediately adjacent second heating wires in the at least one second heating field area distance between heating wires. Due to the larger distance between the first heating wires, the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area can be advantageously reduced compared to the heating power per unit area in the at least one second heating field area.

According to an embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the distance between directly adjacent first heating wires in the first heating field area is greater than the distance between directly adjacent second heating wires in the second heating field area 20% to 30% bigger, especially 25%. This measure makes it possible to achieve a good homogenization of the heating power per unit area, especially in the case of conventional vehicle glazing, such as windshields in which a heating wire-free area is arranged on the upper edge of the glazing.

Advantageously, the distance between directly adjacent heating wires in the heating field is in the range of 2 to 3 mm.

According to another embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the length-dependent resistance of the heating wire is in the range of 100 to 220 ohm/meter.

According to another embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the heating wires in the heating field have a length in the range 50 to 200 cm, depending on the height of the glazing.

The heating wire can be heated electrically, and for this purpose consists of an electrically conductive material which can be basically chosen as desired. Advantageously, the heating wire consists of a metallic material. Preferably, the heating wire comprises or consists of aluminium, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof, in particular copper and/or tungsten. The first heating wire may be composed of the same or a different material than that of the second heating wire.

The at least one glazing preferably comprises or consists of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, or a transparent plastic, preferably a rigid transparent plastic, in particular Polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof. Suitable glasses are known, for example, from EP 0 847 965 B1.

The thickness of the at least one glazing can vary widely and can be adapted to the requirements of different situations. Preferably, a standard thickness of 1.0mm to 25mm glazing is used, preferably 1.4mm to 2.1mm. The size of the window panes can vary widely depending on the application.

Particularly advantageously, the glazing according to the invention is in the form of a laminated glazing and comprises a first glazing and a second glazing which are firmly connected to each other by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. The heating wire is arranged between the two panes, preferably embedded in a thermoplastic intermediate layer. Advantageously, the heating wires are arranged adjacent to the inner surfaces (side III, side II) of the outer and inner panes, respectively.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer comprises or consists of at least one thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, thermoplastic interlayers may also include, for example, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetic acid Ester resins, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The thermoplastic interlayer may be formed by stacking one or more thermoplastic films on top of each other, and the thickness of the thermoplastic films is preferably 0.6 mm to 1.8 mm, typically 0.76 mm to 0.84 mm.

The glazing can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the at least one glazing is flat or slightly or strongly curved in one or more directions of space. The at least one window pane may be colorless or tinted.

The heating wire is electrically connected to two collecting conductors through which a (heating) current can be fed into the heating wire. The collecting conductors are preferably arranged in the edge region of the glazing along a side edge on the surface of the at least one pane. In a composite glazing, the two collecting conductors are preferably arranged on its inner surface (side II or side III).

The width of the individual collective conductors is preferably 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 20 mm. The collective conductors are typically each strip-shaped, the longer of which is called the length and the shorter of which is called the width.

The aggregated conductors are formed, for example, as printed and baked conductive structures. The printed aggregate conductor contains at least one metal, preferably silver. Electrical conductivity is preferably achieved by metal particles contained in the aggregate conductor, particularly preferably by silver particles. The metal particles can be in organic and/or inorganic matrices such as pastes or inks, preferably as fired screen printing pastes with glass frits. The layer thickness of the printed aggregate conductor is preferably 5 μm to 40 μm, more preferably 8 μm to 20 μm, most preferably 10 μm to 15 μm. Printed aggregate conductors with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have favorable current-carrying capabilities. Alternatively, the aggregated conductor may also be formed as a strip of conductive thin film. The aggregate conductor then comprises at least, for example, aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 μm to 500 μm, particularly preferably 30 μm to 300 μm. Aggregate conductors made of conductive films with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have favorable current-carrying capabilities. The gathering conductor can be conductively connected to the heating wire, for example, by a solder mix, by a conductive adhesive, or by direct coating.

The first collective conductor and/or the second collective conductor may each comprise a plurality of discontinuous portions. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "first collecting conductor" or "second collecting conductor" also includes a collecting conductor consisting of several discontinuous parts, wherein these discontinuous parts are used for connection to the same pole of a voltage source or the same potential.

Furthermore, the present invention extends to the manufacturing method of the glazing according to the present invention as described above. Features described in connection with glazing also apply to the claimed method. The method includes the following steps:

S1) provide at least one window pane,

S2) forming a first gathering conductor and a second gathering conductor, where the first gathering conductor includes a first gathering conductor segment and at least one second gathering conductor segment;

S3) forming a heating wire, the heating wire includes a first heating wire and a second heating wire, and the electric heating field includes a first heating field area and a second heating field area,

wherein the first concentrating conductor segment of the first concentrating conductor is guided around the heating wire-free region in such a way that the shortest distance between the first concentrating conductor segment and the second concentrating conductor is smaller than the at least one second concentrating conductor segment and the second concentrating conductor The shortest distance between conductors, the first heating wire extends from the first gathering conductor segment to the second gathering conductor in the first heating field region, and the second heating wire extends from at least one second gathering conductor in the second heating field region segment extends to the second aggregate conductor,

It is characterized in that the waviness of the first heating wire is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire, wherein the waviness is described by a relative value, the relative value is determined by the length of the previously corrugated heating wire after stretching and without considering The length of the unstretched corrugated heating wire in the direction of its extension in the case of corrugated meandering is given by,

Wherein, the waviness of the heating wire is configured such that the heating power per unit area in the first heating field region corresponds to the heating power per unit area in the second heating field region.

Preferably, the glazing according to the invention is produced in the form of laminated glazing (composite glazing). In order to produce laminated glazings, at least two glazings are preferably bonded (laminated) to each other by means of at least one thermoplastic adhesive layer under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Laminated glazing can be produced using processes known per se. For example, the so-called autoclave process can be carried out at a high pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and a temperature of 130°C to 145°C for about 2 hours. The vacuum bag or vacuum ring process known per se operates at eg 90°C to 120°C and a vacuum level of 0.8 to 0.99 bar. The two glazings and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rolls to form a composite glazing. Such plants are known for the production of composite glazing and generally have at least one heating channel upstream of the pressing unit. The temperature during the pressing process ranges, for example, from 45°C to 100°C. In practice, the combination of calendering and autoclave processes has proven to be particularly effective. Alternatively, a vacuum laminator can be used. They consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, wherein the first pane and the second pane can be reduced in pressure from 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and at a temperature of 80°C to 170°C, for example, in about 60 minutes. Laminated underneath. The first glazing and the second glazing are then laminated in a vacuum laminator.

The heating wires are preferably embedded in the thermoplastic interlayer at side II and/or side III of the glazing. Heating wires are typically coated using a coating roller. During this process, the corresponding heating wire is moved together with the applicator head and unwound from the spool, which, in particular, can be given waviness. The heating wire is preferably heated during coating so that the thermoplastic interlayer melts and bonds with the heating wire. In particular, the heating wire should penetrate fully or partially into the surface of the thermoplastic interlayer so that it is embedded in the interlayer. In laminated composite glazings, the heating wire is arranged between two glazings, in particular, for example adjacent to the first glazing or adjacent to the second glazing. By using such a coating head, heating wires with different waviness in the first and second heating field regions can be produced easily, quickly and very economically. This is an important advantage of the present invention.

Furthermore, the invention extends to the use of the glazing according to the invention on buildings or in vehicles for land, air or water vehicles, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as windshields, rear, side and/or top windows. According to the invention, the glazing is preferably used in motor vehicles.

Various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and explained below can be used not only in the combination shown, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Description of drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below by means of examples with reference to the drawings. The drawings show in a simplified, not to scale representation:

Figure 1 is a top view of one embodiment of a glazing according to the present invention in the form of a laminated glazing,

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the composite glazing of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a top view of the embodiment of the composite glazing of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a top view of another embodiment of the composite glazing of Figure 1,

Figure 5 is a top view of another embodiment of the composite glazing of Figure 1,

6 is a flow chart illustrating a manufacturing process of glazing according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

Consider first Figures 1 and 2. FIG. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of a glazing 1 according to the invention in a simplified schematic representation. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the glazing 1 of FIG. 1 .

The glazing 1 is in the form of a laminated glazing and comprises a first glazing 2 (eg an outer glazing) and a second glazing 3 (eg an inner glazing), which are firmly connected to each other by a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 . The heating wire 7 is embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 , here for example adjacent to the inner surface (side III) of the second pane 3 (see FIG. 2 ). The glazing 1 can be installed in a building or a motor vehicle and separate the interior space from the exterior environment. For example, glazing is the windshield of a motor vehicle. Alternatively, the glazing has only a single pane, preferably in the form of a thermally strengthened single pane safety glass (not shown).

Both the first glazing 2 and the second glazing 3 are made of glass, preferably heat-strengthened soda lime glass, and are transparent to visible light. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

The outer surface I of the first glazing 2 faces the outside environment and is also the outer surface of the glazing 1 . Both the inner surface II of the first glazing 2 and the outer surface III of the second glazing 3 face the intermediate layer 4 . The inner surface IV of the second glazing 3 faces the interior of the building or vehicle and is also the inner surface of the glazing 1 . It will be appreciated that the glazing 1 may have any suitable geometry and/or curvature. As a windshield, the glazing 1 typically has a convex curvature.

At the upper edge of the glazing 1 , here for example in the center, there is a wire-free area 8 , here for example in the shape of a rectangle. The glazing 1 has a first collecting conductor 5 at the upper edge and a second collecting conductor 6 at the lower edge. The relative designations "upper" and "lower" refer to the typical installed state of the glazing 1 , eg as a windshield. The two collecting conductors 5 , 6 are electrically conductively connected to each other by a heating wire 7 which extends from the first collecting conductor 5 to the second collecting conductor 6 . The heating wire 7 forms an electric heating field. The heating wires each extend at least approximately perpendicular to the collecting conductors 5 , 6 .

The first collecting conductor 5 is routed in the first collecting conductor section 5.1 around the wire-free area 8, which here serves, for example, as a communication window. Here, the first collective conductor section 5.1 is routed around the heating-free area 8 below the heating-free area 8 . Adjacent to the first collecting conductor section 5.1 are two second collecting conductor sections 5.2 which are not routed around the heating wire-free area 8. The first collective conductor 5 consists of a first collective conductor segment 5.1 and two second collective conductor segments 5.2. The shortest (here vertical) distance between the first collective conductor segment 5.1 and the second collective conductor 6 is smaller than the shortest (here vertical) distance between each second collective conductor segment 5.2 and the second collective conductor 6.

The first collecting conductor segment 5.1 and the second collecting conductor 6 are electrically connected to each other by a first heating wire 7.1, which extends from the first collecting conductor segment 5.1 to the second collecting conductor 6. The first heating wire 7.1 forms the first heating field area H1. The two second collecting conductor segments 5.2 and the second collecting conductor 6 are electrically connected to each other by a second heating wire 7.2 which extends from the two second collecting conductor segments 5.2 to the second collecting conductor 6. The second heating wire 7.2 forms two second heating field regions H2. The heating field consists of a first heating field area H1 and two second heating field areas H2.

The two collecting conductors 5 , 6 are used for connection to a voltage source in order to feed current to the heating wire 7 and to heat the glazing 1 electrically.

Although not shown in FIG. 1 , the first collective conductor 5 and the second collective conductor 6 may each be composed of two or more discontinuous parts, wherein two or more of the first collective conductor 5 are not A continuous part is used for connection to the first pole or first potential of the voltage source, and two or more discontinuous parts of the second collecting conductor 6 are used for connection to the second pole or second potential of the voltage source ( different from the first potential). For example, both the first collecting conductor 5 and the second collecting conductor 6 can both consist of two discontinuous parts, such that the heating field is divided into two separate parts, eg two at least approximately symmetrical parts, which are separated by a non-heating area , the non-heating area is, for example, in the middle of the glazing 1 . For example, the non-heated area (eg in the middle position) has a width (measured parallel to the collecting conductors 5, 6) of 5 to 7 mm.

If the heating wires 7 in the first heating field area H1 and the second heating field area H2 have the same design except for their length, since the first heating wire 7.1 is shorter in length compared to the second heating wire 7.2, the The heating power per unit area (window glass area) is greater in the first heating field area H1 than in the two second heating field areas H2. This situation is avoided according to the present invention, which will be explained below with reference to Figures 3 to 5 below.

FIG. 3 shows a detailed cross-section of the embodiment of the glazing 1 of FIG. 1 in the area of the heater-free area 8 , which is not claimed in the claims. Although only a part of the glazing 1 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 3 , it should be understood that the first heating wires 7.1 in the first heating field area H1 all have the same design, ie the same in relation to the features described way to form. Correspondingly, the second heating wires 7.2 in both second heating field regions H2 have the same design, ie are formed in the same way with regard to the features described.

The difference between the first heating wire 7.1 in the first heating field area H1 and the second heating wire 7.2 in the two second heating field areas H2 is that the diameter of the first heating wire 7.1 is smaller than the diameter of the second heating wire 7.2. By this measure, the resistance of the first heating wire 7.1 can be increased compared with the resistance of the second heating wire 7.2, so that the uniform heating power per unit area of the entire heating field can be achieved.

Similar to FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 shows a detailed section of the embodiment of the glazing 1 of FIG. 1 in the area of the unclaimed heating wire-free area 8 . In this embodiment, the difference between the first heating wire 7.1 in the first heating field area H1 and the second heating wire 7.2 in the two second heating field areas H2 lies in the distance between the first heating wires 7.1 Greater than the distance before the second heating wire 7.2. This measure allows the heating power in the first heating field region H1 to be reduced compared to the two second heating field regions H2, so that a uniform heating power per unit area of the entire heating field can be achieved.

Similar to FIG. 3 , FIG. 5 shows a detailed cross-section of the embodiment of the glazing 1 of FIG. 1 according to the invention in the area of the heating wire-free area 8 . In this embodiment, the difference between the first heating wire 7.1 in the first heating field area H1 and the second heating wire 7.2 in the two second heating field areas H2 is that the first heating wire 7.1 has a larger size than the second heating wire 7.1. Heating wire 7.2 with greater waviness. As a result of this measure, since the length of the first heating wire 7.1 is longer than the length of the second heating wire 7.2, the heating power in the first heating field area H1 can be reduced compared to the two second heating field areas H2 , so that the uniformity of the heating power per unit area of the entire heating field can be achieved.

The embodiments of the glazing according to the invention shown by means of FIGS. 3 to 5 can be provided individually or in any combination.

Figure 6 shows a flow chart for the manufacture of glazing according to the present invention, which includes steps S1 to S3:

S1) Provide at least one window pane 2, 3,

S2) Formation of the first collecting conductor 5 and the second collecting conductor 6, wherein the first collecting conductor section 5.1 of the first collecting conductor 5 is guided around the heating wire-free area 8 in such a way that the first collecting conductor section 5.1 and the second collecting conductor are The shortest distance between the collecting conductors 6 is smaller than the shortest distance between the at least one second collecting conductor segment 5.2 of the first collecting conductor 5 and the second collecting conductor 6, the first heating wire 7.1 in the first heating field area H1 from the first heating field H1. A collecting conductor segment 5.1 extends to the second collecting conductor 6, and a second heating wire 7.2 extends from at least one second collecting conductor segment 5.2 to the second collecting conductor 6 in the second heating field region H2,

S3) forming a heating wire 7, wherein the waviness of the first heating wire 7.1 is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire 7.2. Optionally, the resistance of the first heating wire in the first heating field area is greater than the resistance of the second heating wire in at least one second heating field area, and/or the directly adjacent first heating field area in the first heating field area. The distance between the heating wires is greater than the distance between the directly adjacent second heating wires in the at least one second heating field area. All features of step S3) are configured such that the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area H1 corresponds to the heating power per unit area in the at least one second heating field area H2.

In the manufacture of composite glazings, the method comprises the step of laminating two glazings 2 , 3 by means of at least one thermoplastic layer 4 .

In conclusion, the present invention provides an improved glazing with a heating field, whereby a uniform heating power can be obtained in an advantageous manner throughout the heating field. The glazing according to the invention can be produced simply and cost-effectively using known manufacturing processes.

List of reference signs

1 Assembly glass

2 First window glass

3 Second window glass

4 Thermoplastic interlayer

5 The first gathering conductor

5.1 The first collective conductor segment

5.2 Second collective conductor segment

6 Second gathering conductor

7 Heating wire

7.1 The first heating wire in the first heating field area H1

7.2 The second heating wire in the second heating field area H2

8 Area without heating wire

H1 first heating field area

H2 second heating field area

Claims (15)

1. Fitting glazing (1) with electric heating fields (H1, H2), including: - at least one window pane (2, 3), - a first collecting conductor (5) and a second collecting conductor (6) provided for connection to a voltage source, which are connected to each other by means of a heating wire (7) such that between the two collecting conductors (5, 6) a The electric heating field (H1, H2), the electric heating wire (7) includes the first electric heating wire (7.1) and the second electric heating wire (7.2), the electric heating field (H1, H2) includes the first heating field area (H1) and the second electric heating wire (7.2). two heating field areas (H2), and the first collecting conductor (5) comprises a first collecting conductor segment (5.1) and at least one second collecting conductor segment (5.2), - at least one area (8) without heating wires outside the heating field (H1, H2), Therein, the first collecting conductor segment (5.1) of the first collecting conductor (5) is guided around the heating wire-free region (8) in such a way that between the first collecting conductor segment (5.1) and the second collecting conductor (6) The shortest distance is less than the shortest distance between at least one second gathering conductor segment (5.2) of the first gathering conductor (5) and the second gathering conductor (6), the first heating wire (7.1) in the first heating field area ( Extending from the first collecting conductor segment (5.1) to the second collecting conductor (6) in H1), the second heating wire (7.2) extends from at least one second collecting conductor segment (5.2) in the second heating field region (H2) extends to the second gathering conductor (6), It is characterized in that the waviness of the first heating wire (7.1) is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire (7.2), wherein the waviness is described by a relative value which is determined by the previously corrugated heating wire after stretching and the length of the unstretched corrugated heating wire along its extension direction without considering the corrugated tortuousness is given by, Therein, the waviness of the heating wires (7.1, 7.2) is configured such that the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area (H1) corresponds to the heating power per unit area in the second heating field area (H2). 2. The glazing (1) according to claim 1, wherein the waviness of the first heating wire (7.1) is 20% to 30%, in particular 25% greater than the waviness of the second heating wire (7.2). 3. The glazing (1) according to claim 2, wherein the corrugation of the heating wire (7) is formed such that the length of the corrugated heating wire (7) increases by a factor of 1.1 to 1.4 due to stretching. 4. The glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, wherein the heating wires (7.1, 7.2) have at least one of the following features i) and ii): i) the resistance of the first heating wire (7.1) is greater than the resistance of the second heating wire (7.2), in particular, wherein the diameter of the first heating wire (7.1) is smaller than the diameter of the second heating wire (7.2), ii) the distance between directly adjacent first heating wires (7.1) is greater than the distance between directly adjacent second heating wires (7.2), Wherein features i) and/or ii) are configured such that the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area (H1) corresponds to the heating power per unit area in the at least one second heating field area (H2). 5. Glazing (1) according to claim 4, feature i), wherein the diameter of the first heating wire (7.1) is 20 to 30% smaller than the diameter of the second heating wire (7.2), in particular 25% %, wherein the diameter of the heating wire ( 7 ) is in particular from 10 μm to 200 μm, in particular from 15 μm to 35 μm, and in particular from 18 μm to 29 μm. 6. The glazing (1) according to claim 4, feature ii), claim 5, wherein the distance between directly adjacent first heating wires (7.1) is greater than that of directly adjacent second heating wires (7.2) 20% to 30%, in particular 25% greater, wherein the distance between directly adjacent heating wires ( 7 ) in the heating field ( H1 , H2 ) is in particular in the range of 2 to 3 mm. 7. The glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first collecting conductor (5) comprises a plurality of discontinuous parts which are to be connected to a voltage source the same pole or the same potential. 8. The glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second collecting conductor (6) comprises a plurality of discontinuous parts which are to be connected to a voltage source the same pole or the same potential. 9. The glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the linear resistance of the heating wire (7) is in the range of 100 to 220 Ohm/meter. 10. The glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the length of the heating wire (7) is in the range of 70 to 90 cm. 11. The glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the heating wire (7) comprises aluminium, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or Alloys thereof, in particular copper and/or tungsten, or consist of them. 12. The glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the at least one glazing (2, 3) comprises glass, in particular soda lime glass, or plastic, particularly preferably rigid plastic, In particular, polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate or consists of them. 13. The glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in the form of a laminated glazing, comprising a first glazing (2) and a second glazing connected to each other by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) Two panes ( 3 ), heating wires ( 7 ) are arranged between the two panes ( 1 , 2 ), in particular embedded in a thermoplastic intermediate layer ( 4 ). 14. The method for manufacturing a glazing (1), in particular a laminated glazing, with an electric heating field (1HH1, H2) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the following steps: S1) provide at least one window pane (2, 3), S2) forming a first aggregated conductor (5) and a second aggregated conductor (6), the first aggregated conductor comprising a first aggregated conductor segment (5.1) and at least one second aggregated conductor segment (5.2); S3) forming a heating wire (7), the heating wire (7) includes a first heating wire (7.1) and a second heating wire (7.2), and the electric heating field includes a first heating field area (H1) and a second heating field area ( H2), Therein, the first collecting conductor segment (5.1) of the first collecting conductor (5) is guided around the heating wire-free region (8) in such a way that between the first collecting conductor segment (5.1) and the second collecting conductor (6) The shortest distance between the at least one second gathering conductor segment (5.2) and the second gathering conductor (6) from which the first heating wire (7.1) is removed in the first heating field area (H1) The segment (5.1) extends to the second collecting conductor (6), and the second heating wire (7.2) extends from at least one second collecting conductor segment (5.2) to the second collecting conductor ( 6), It is characterized in that the waviness of the first heating wire (7.1) is greater than the waviness of the second heating wire (7.2), wherein the waviness is described by a relative value which is determined by the previously corrugated heating wire after stretching and the length of the unstretched corrugated heating wire along its extension direction without considering the corrugated meandering is given by, Wherein, the waviness of the heating wire (7) is configured such that the heating power per unit area in the first heating field area (H1) corresponds to the heating power per unit area in the second heating field area (H2). 15. Use of the glazing (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, on buildings, in vehicles for land, air or water, especially in aircraft In motor vehicles, for example as windshields, rear windows, side windows and/or roof windows.

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