CN115117526A - Outer packaging composite film for soft package battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Outer packaging composite film for soft package battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115117526A
CN115117526A CN202210767099.2A CN202210767099A CN115117526A CN 115117526 A CN115117526 A CN 115117526A CN 202210767099 A CN202210767099 A CN 202210767099A CN 115117526 A CN115117526 A CN 115117526A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
composite film
magnesium
alkali metal
lithium alloy
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CN202210767099.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
洪意闻
史永刚
李洋
朱冠楠
其他发明人请求不公开姓名
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Shanghai Guoxuan New Energy Co Ltd
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Shanghai Guoxuan New Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210767099.2A priority Critical patent/CN115117526A/en
Publication of CN115117526A publication Critical patent/CN115117526A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H01M50/128—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
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    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
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    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

The invention discloses an outer packaging composite film for a soft package battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the outer packaging composite film comprises a plastic film layer, a binder layer, a magnesium-lithium alloy layer, an alkali metal layer and a nano silicon layer which are sequentially connected from inside to outside; the alkali metal layer and the nano silicon layer on the outer side of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer play a role in protecting the magnesium-lithium alloy layer, wherein the alkali metal layer has heat shock resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the nano silicon layer formed by spraying the surface of the alkali metal layer can form a compact layer on the surface of the alkali metal layer, so that the stability of the composite film is further improved, and the composite film can be used in severe environments.

Description

Outer packaging composite film for soft package battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery outer packaging materials, and particularly relates to an outer packaging composite film for a soft package battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Laminate polymer battery as common battery kind, it has following advantage: (1) the plasticity is good, the safety performance is high, and explosion is not easy to occur; (2) the battery capacity is large, which is 10-15% higher than that of a steel shell battery and 5-10% higher than that of an aluminum shell battery; (3) the internal resistance is less than 35m omega, and the self-power consumption of the battery is reduced. These advantages make the pouch battery widely used in the field of 3C type batteries. However, to meet the production requirements of power batteries, the following improvements are still needed:
firstly, the rigidity is improved. The aluminum plastic film is used as a common soft packaging material intermediate layer, has insufficient rigidity strength, and is easy to generate risks such as electrolyte leakage and battery damage in a power battery.
And secondly, the heat conductivity coefficient is improved. When the charge-discharge multiplying power is increased, high heat is generated due to the fact that charging is fast, at the moment, the aluminum plastic film is used as a packaging material of the flexible package battery and needs to be cooled in a Pack air cooling mode, the internal temperature of the battery can be continuously increased, and battery aging is accelerated.
And thirdly, adding a surface compact layer protective layer. When the aluminum alloy contacts with water, hydrogen permeation can occur, and the original toughness can not be recovered, so that the soft package battery can not be used in a harsh environment for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an outer packaging composite film for a soft package battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite film has good rigidity, higher heat conductivity and excellent stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an outer packaging composite film for a soft package battery comprises a plastic film layer, a binder layer, a magnesium-lithium alloy layer, an alkali metal layer and a nano silicon layer which are sequentially connected from inside to outside; wherein:
the plastic film layer is made of at least one of CPP (polypropylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate);
the adhesive layer is made of at least one of polyurethane, polyolefin, epoxy acrylate and rubber adhesive;
the thickness of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is 5-180 μm, preferably 15-60 μm; the content of lithium in the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is 10% -20%;
the thickness of the alkali metal layer is 20-150 μm, preferably 35-80 μm; the composition material of the alkali metal layer comprises magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide;
the thickness of the nano silicon layer is 0.1-10 μm; preferably 0.2 to 3 μm; the diameter of the nano silicon particles in the nano silicon layer is 1-10 nm;
the invention also provides a preparation method of the outer package composite film for the soft package battery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing, cleaning and drying the magnesium-lithium alloy foil to form a magnesium-lithium alloy layer, and coating an adhesive on one surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer to form an adhesive layer;
(2) attaching a plastic film to the adhesive layer, and drying to form a plastic film layer;
(3) preparing an alkali metal layer on the other surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer by a chemical conversion method, a plasma oxidation method, an electroplating method or a vapor deposition method;
(4) and spraying silicon nano particles on the surface of the alkali metal layer to form a nano silicon layer, thus obtaining the target product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the outer packaging composite film for the soft package battery has good mechanical property, because the magnesium-lithium alloy is used for replacing the aluminum alloy, the shock absorption capacity of the composite film is improved, the safety performance of battery transportation is integrally improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. Meanwhile, the low density of the magnesium-lithium alloy can reduce the quality of the battery core and improve the energy density.
(2) The outer packaging composite film for the soft package battery has high heat conductivity coefficient, because the composite film contains the alkali metal layer, and the alkali metal layer has the advantages of heat shock resistance, corrosion resistance, high heat conductivity coefficient, oxidation resistance and the like. When the charge-discharge multiplying power increases, improved the holistic heat conductivility of battery package, prevent the continuous rising of the inside temperature of battery, avoid the battery to age fast.
(3) The surface of the composite membrane disclosed by the invention has good compactness, and the alkali metal layer and the nano silicon layer on the outer side of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer play a role in protecting the magnesium-lithium alloy layer, and the action mechanism is as follows: when the silicon nano particles are sprayed on the surface of the alkali metal layer, the silicon nano particles can react with hydroxyl and oxygen radicals on the surface of the alkali metal layer to form compact silicate, so that the stability of the composite film is further improved, the magnesium-lithium alloy layer inside the composite film is further protected, the hydrogen permeation phenomenon can be prevented, and the problem that the soft package battery cannot be used in a harsh environment for a long time is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an outer packaging composite film for a pouch battery provided by the invention;
reference numerals: 1-plastic film layer, 2-adhesive layer, 3-magnesium-lithium alloy layer, 4-alkali metal layer and 5-nano silicon layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can carry out the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an outer package composite film for a pouch battery, the outer package composite film comprising a plastic film layer 1, a binder layer 2, a magnesium-lithium alloy layer 3, an alkali metal layer 4 and a nano silicon layer 5, which are sequentially connected from inside to outside, wherein: the thickness of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is 5-90 μm, and the lithium content in the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is 10% -20%; the thickness of the alkali metal layer is 20-150 μm, and the alkali metal layer comprises magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide; the thickness of the nano silicon layer is 0.1-10 μm, and the diameter of nano silicon particles in the nano silicon layer is 1-10 nm.
Examples
The preparation method of the outer packaging composite film for the soft package battery comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing, cleaning and drying the magnesium-lithium alloy foil to form a magnesium-lithium alloy layer, and coating a binder on one surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer to form a binder layer; the adhesive is made of at least one of polyurethane, polyolefin, epoxy acrylate and rubber adhesive;
(2) attaching a plastic film to the adhesive layer, and drying to form a stable plastic film layer; the plastic film layer is made of at least one of CPP, LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, PET and PVG;
(3) preparing an alkali metal layer on the other surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer by a metal replacement method, an electrolytic melting method, a vacuum coating method, magnetron sputtering and other methods, wherein the alkali metal layer comprises magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide;
(4) and spraying silicon nano-particles with the particle size of 2nm on the surface of the alkali metal layer to form a nano-silicon layer, thus obtaining the target product.
The plastic film layer, the adhesive layer, the magnesium-lithium alloy layer and the alkali metal layer are designed into different thicknesses, and the constituent materials of the layers are selected differently to prepare the outer packaging composite films with different performances, wherein the thicknesses and related information of the layers in the outer packaging composite films are shown in the following example groups and corresponding tables.
It should be noted that the plastic film layer in the following embodiments is CPP; the material of the adhesive layer is polyurethane; the preparation method of the alkali metal layer is a magnetron sputtering method, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the reaction mixture of 1: and evaporating or sputtering the magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles with the molar ratio of 1 to solidify and deposit the magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on the surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer, so as to form an alkali metal layer.
Example set 1
Table 1 details of the thickness of each layer in example set 1
Figure BDA0003726059990000031
Figure BDA0003726059990000041
Example group 2
Table 2 details of the thickness of each layer in example set 2
Figure BDA0003726059990000042
EXAMPLE group 3
Table 3 table of thickness details of each layer in example set 3
Figure BDA0003726059990000043
EXAMPLE group 4
Table 4 details of the thickness of each layer in example set 4
Figure BDA0003726059990000051
Comparative example 1
In comparison with examples 1 to 4 of example group 1, comparative example 1 did not perform step (4), and the other processes were the same as in example, and the obtained product was a composite film having no nano-silicon layer on the surface.
Comparative example 2
In comparison with examples 1 to 4 of example group 1, comparative example 2 did not perform step (3), the other processes were the same as in example, and the obtained product was a composite film without an alkali metal layer.
Comparative example 3
Compared with examples 1-4 in example group 1, the intermediate metal layer in comparative example 3 is an aluminum alloy layer, and other processes are the same as those in the examples, so that the product is a magnesium-lithium-free alloy metal layer.
Performance detection
The products obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to the performance test, and the test results are shown in the following table 5: the test standards or test methods according to which the test items are based are as follows:
the tensile strength is tested by using an intelligent electronic tensile testing machine according to the standard GB/T36363-2018 polyolefin diaphragm for the lithium ion battery;
the peeling degree is obtained by testing according to the test method of the peeling strength of the adhesive tape of GB/T2792-;
the anti-electrolyte is obtained by testing the peeling force of the packaging material soaked in the electrolyte for 24 hours according to the method specified in the GB/T8808-1988 soft composite plastic material peeling test method;
the thermal conductivity coefficient is obtained by testing according to the method specified in the standard 20211078-T-606 plastic thermal conductivity coefficient and thermal diffusivity determination part 1: general rules;
TABLE 5 product Performance testing of the products obtained in the examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003726059990000061
From the above table, after the alkali metal layer and the nano silicon layer are added on the surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy, the electrolyte resistance of the composite packaging material is improved. The silicon nano-particles can react with hydroxyl and oxygen radicals on the surface of the alkali metal layer to form compact silicate when being sprayed on the surface of the alkali metal layer, so that the corrosion of electrolyte can be prevented, and the stability of the packaging material is improved.
From the above table, the magnesium-lithium alloy layer can enhance the tensile strength of the composite packaging material, and has more beneficial mechanical properties. The magnesium-lithium alloy can enhance the safety performance of the soft package battery, and integrally improves the safety performance of battery transportation and the service life of the battery.
As can be seen from the above table, the use of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer can increase the thermal conductivity of the composite packaging material. Meanwhile, the addition of the alkali metal layer further enhances the heat conductivity and has better heat dissipation performance. The composite packaging material containing the alkali metal layer can prevent the internal temperature of the battery from continuously rising and avoid the rapid aging of the battery when the charge-discharge multiplying power is increased.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. The utility model provides a laminate film for laminate polymer battery's extranal packing which characterized in that: the outer packaging composite film comprises a plastic film layer, a binder layer, a magnesium-lithium alloy layer, an alkali metal layer and a nano silicon layer which are sequentially connected from inside to outside.
2. The exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plastic film layer is made of at least one of CPP, LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE and PET.
3. The exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adhesive layer is made of at least one of polyurethane, polyolefin, epoxy acrylate and rubber adhesive.
4. The exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is 5-180 mu m.
5. The exterior packaging composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mass content of lithium in the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is 10-20%.
6. The exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the alkali metal layer is 20-150 μm.
7. The outer packaging composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: the composition material of the alkali metal layer comprises magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide.
8. The exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the nano silicon layer is 0.1-10 μm.
9. The exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the nano silicon particles in the nano silicon layer is 1-10 nm.
10. The method for preparing the exterior composite film for the pouch battery according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing, cleaning and drying the magnesium-lithium alloy foil to form a magnesium-lithium alloy layer, and coating an adhesive on one surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer to form an adhesive layer;
(2) attaching a plastic film on the adhesive layer, and drying to form the plastic film layer
(3) Preparing an alkali metal layer on the other surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer;
(4) and spraying silicon nano particles on the surface of the alkali metal layer to form a nano silicon layer, thus obtaining the outer packaging composite film.
11. The preparation method of the outer packaging composite film for the laminate battery according to claim 10 is characterized in that: in the step (3), the method for preparing the alkali metal layer on the other surface of the magnesium-lithium alloy layer is a chemical conversion method, a plasma oxidation method, an electroplating method or a vapor deposition method.
CN202210767099.2A 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 Outer packaging composite film for soft package battery and preparation method thereof Pending CN115117526A (en)

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