CN115117484A - Formation method of lithium titanate battery - Google Patents

Formation method of lithium titanate battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115117484A
CN115117484A CN202210482481.9A CN202210482481A CN115117484A CN 115117484 A CN115117484 A CN 115117484A CN 202210482481 A CN202210482481 A CN 202210482481A CN 115117484 A CN115117484 A CN 115117484A
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lithium titanate
charging
titanate battery
preset
battery
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俞晓峰
杨鹏
宋帅
杨淑娟
刘慧洁
顾志华
王靖宇
孙勇
崔帅
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Fengfan Co Ltd
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Fengfan Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, which at least comprises the following steps: at a predetermined clamping pressure P 0 At a preset temperature T, applying a first preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 1 Charging to over 90% SOC by constant current; right the lithium titanate battery is subjected to constant voltage charging for 2-4 times by using a preset voltage, the preset voltage of each constant voltage charging is higher than the preset voltage of the previous time, and the clamping pressure rises to be more than P during each constant voltage charging 0 And falls to P after constant voltage charging 0 (ii) a After the last constant voltage charging is finished, the lithium titanate battery is charged with a second preset current I 2 Discharging at constant current to a first preset voltage U 1 (ii) a Applying a second preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 2 Charging to a second preset voltage U by constant current 2 Then, a second preset voltage U is applied 2 Charging at constant voltage until the current drops to 0.02C. The formation method provided by the invention can form a uniform, compact and stable SEI film in the formation of the lithium titanate battery, and solves the problem of reaction of a lithium titanate material and an electrolyteThe problem of flatulence.

Description

Formation method of lithium titanate battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a formation method of a lithium titanate battery.
Background
Compared with the traditional lead-acid battery, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of higher energy density, longer cycle life and the like, and is widely applied to the energy storage fields of new energy automobiles, wind power, photovoltaic power generation and the like. The negative electrode material of the current commercial lithium ion battery is mainly graphite material, and the following problems generally exist in the battery charging and discharging process: the low migration rate of lithium ions in the carbon material causes the large-rate charge-discharge capacity and the low-temperature charge-discharge capacity of the battery to be poor; lithium is easy to separate out in the charging process because the lithium intercalation potential of lithium ions in the carbon material is close to the lithium separation potential, and if the deposited lithium metal pierces the isolating membrane, the internal short circuit of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be caused, thereby causing the safety problem; in the process of charging and discharging, the lithium ions are inserted into and taken out of the carbon material, so that the volume change of the electrode is large, the electrode structure is damaged, the contact between the electrode structure and an electrolyte is poor, and the cycle performance of the battery is deteriorated.
The lithium titanate with the spinel structure is a novel cathode material with excellent electrochemical performance, and compared with a carbon material, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the lithium titanate is higher by one order of magnitude than that of the carbon material, so that the requirement of large-rate rapid charge and discharge can be met. The lithium intercalation potential of lithium ions in lithium titanate is far higher than the lithium precipitation potential, so that the potential safety hazard caused by lithium precipitation is avoided. In the charging and discharging process, the lithium ions are inserted into and removed from the lithium titanate almost without volume change, so that structural damage caused by volume expansion of an electrode material is avoided, and the cycle life of the battery is prolonged.
However, the lithium titanate battery is easy to swell in the charge-discharge cycle process, the swelling phenomenon can not only cause the swelling of the battery core, but also greatly reduce the cycle performance of the battery, and the lithium titanate battery is seriously restrictedThe popularization and application of the method. The cause of the flatulence of the lithium titanate battery mainly has two aspects: firstly, the lithium titanate material is easy to absorb water, and the water reacts with lithium titanate and electrolyte to generate gas; secondly, the SEI film has the function of ion conduction and non-electron conduction, can inhibit the electrolyte from generating continuous oxidative decomposition on the surface of the negative electrode, the lithium intercalation potential of the lithium titanate negative electrode material is higher than the reduction potential of most electrolyte film forming additives, and in the conventional battery formation process, the lithium titanate battery is difficult to form a compact, stable and uniform SEI film, so that the electrolyte and Ti with higher catalytic performance in lithium titanate are always the same 4+ Directly contacting and reacting to generate gas.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, which can form a uniform, dense and stable SEI film in the formation of a lithium titanate battery, solve the problem of gas expansion caused by the reaction of a lithium titanate material and an electrolyte, and overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, which at least comprises the following steps:
s1, at a preset clamping pressure P 0 At a preset temperature T, applying a first preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 1 Charging to over 90% SOC by constant current;
s2, carrying out constant voltage charging on the lithium titanate battery for 2-4 times at a preset voltage, wherein the preset voltage of each constant voltage charging is higher than the preset voltage of the previous time, and the clamping pressure rises to be higher than P during each constant voltage charging 0 And falls to P after constant voltage charging 0
S3, after the last constant voltage charging in S2 is finished, the lithium titanate battery is charged with a second preset current I 2 Discharging at constant current to a first preset voltage U 1
S4, applying a second preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 2 Charging to a second preset voltage U by constant current 2 Then, a third preset voltage U is applied 3 Charging at constant voltage until the current drops to 0.02C.
The scheme shown in the embodiment of the invention is that the pressure is preset at a pressure P 0 The lithium titanate battery is charged, so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be in good contact with the diaphragm, the movement of lithium ions is prevented from being influenced by the existence of bubbles, and the film forming is facilitated by charging at the preset temperature T; applying a first preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 1 The lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current to more than 90% of SOC (state of charge), so that the lithium intercalation state of the negative electrode is close to full charge, the potential of the negative electrode can be reduced to the potential reduction inflection point or lower of the lithium titanate material, then the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant voltage under the high SOC state of charge, the lithium intercalation potential of the lithium titanate negative electrode material can be lower than the reduction potential of the electrolyte film-forming additive, the film-forming additive can be reduced on the surface of the negative electrode, and an SEI (solid electrolyte interface) film is further formed; the lithium titanate battery negative electrode is charged by gradually increasing voltage in the constant-voltage charging process, so that the charging can be carried out by the minimum current, and the charging current can be increased from small to large in a stepped manner, so that a uniform, compact and stable SEI (solid electrolyte interface) film can be formed on the lithium titanate battery negative electrode, and the problem that the compact structure is not stable due to the fact that the current is changed from large to small in the conventional constant-current constant-voltage charging process is solved; the battery clamping pressure is gradually increased in the constant-voltage charging process, so that the formation film forming effect can be improved, and gas generated in the formation process can be forced to be discharged out of the battery main body; the SEI film can be more stable by performing one cycle of charge and discharge after formation and charge, and the defects of the prior art are overcome.
Preferably, a predetermined clamping pressure P 0 0.1MPa to 0.5MPa, and the preset temperature T is 25 to 90 ℃.
Because the crystal structure of the lithium titanate material is hardly changed in the charging and discharging processes, the thickness change of the electrode plate of the lithium titanate battery is generally smaller than that of the graphite system battery in the charging and discharging processes, and in order to ensure that the lithium titanate battery has sufficient pressure in the charging and discharging processes, the invention gradually increases the battery clamping pressure before charging and in the constant-voltage charging process, can simulate the situation that the actual pressure of the graphite system battery is increased due to the rebound of the electrode plate in the charging process to the maximum extent, and is favorable for improving the film forming effect.
Preferably, the first presetCurrent I 1 0.1 to 1.0C.
Preferably, the preset voltage of the last constant voltage charge in S2 is close to or equal to the cutoff voltage for normal charging of the battery.
Preferably, the number of times of the constant voltage charging is three times.
Preferably, the time duration of the first constant voltage charging is 10-60 min, the time duration of the second constant voltage charging is 10-60 min, and the time duration of the third constant voltage charging is 30-120 min.
Preferably, the second preset current I 2 0.2 to 1.0C.
Preferably, the first preset voltage U 1 Is the cut-off voltage for normal discharge of the battery.
Preferably, the second preset voltage U 2 A cutoff voltage for normal charging of the battery.
The formation method of the lithium titanate battery provided by the invention comprises the step of applying a first preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 1 Charging the lithium titanate battery to be more than 90% of SOC at a constant current, and carrying out constant voltage charging on the lithium titanate battery for many times under a high SOC charge state, so that the lithium intercalation potential of the lithium titanate negative electrode material is lower than the reduction potential of the electrolyte film forming additive, and the film forming additive can be reduced on the surface of a negative electrode to further form an SEI film; in the constant-voltage charging process, the lithium titanate battery is charged by gradually increasing voltage, so that the charging can be carried out by the minimum current, and the charging current can be increased in a stepped manner from small to large, so that a uniform, compact and stable SEI (solid electrolyte interface) film can be formed on the lithium titanate battery cathode; the method has the advantages that the mode of gradually increasing the tightening pressure of the battery in the constant-voltage charging process can improve the film forming effect, and can force the gas generated in the forming process to be discharged out of the battery main body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery takes a lithium manganate material as an anode, a lithium titanate material as a cathode, a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, the lithium titanate battery is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and the formula of an electrolyte is as follows: LiPF6:1.0M, EC/EMC/DEC 2/4/4, 1.0% VC, 0.5% PS, 0.5% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃, and the clamping pressure to be 0.2 MPa;
(2) charging to a state of charge of 94% SOC at a constant current of 0.2C;
(3) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.6V constant voltage charging mode for 20min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(4) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.7V constant voltage charging mode for 30min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(5) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.8V constant voltage charging mode for 60min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(6) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(7) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.8V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.8V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery takes a ternary material as an anode, a lithium titanate material as a cathode, a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, the lithium titanate battery is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and the electrolyte formula is as follows: LiPF6:1.1M, EC/EMC/PC/DEC 30/55/5/10, 0.5% VC, 0.5% PS, 1.0% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃, and clamping the pressure to be 0.2 Mpa;
(2) charge to a state of charge of 94% SOC at 0.2C constant current.
(3) Charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.5V constant voltage charging mode for 30min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to be 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(4) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.6V constant voltage charging mode for 30min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(5) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.7V constant-voltage charging mode for 90min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(6) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(7) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.7V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.7V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery takes a ternary material as an anode, a lithium titanate material as a cathode, a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, the lithium titanate battery is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and the electrolyte formula is as follows: LiPF6:1.1M, EC/EMC/PC/DEC 30/55/5/10, 0.5% VC, 0.5% PS, 1.0% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃, and clamping the pressure to be 0.2 Mpa;
(2) charge to a state of charge of 97% SOC at 0.2C constant current.
(3) Charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.6V constant voltage charging mode for 60min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(4) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.7V constant voltage charging mode for 90min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(5) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(6) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.7V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.7V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery takes a lithium manganate material as an anode, a lithium titanate material as a cathode, a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, the lithium titanate battery is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and the formula of an electrolyte is as follows: LiPF6:1.0M, EC/EMC/DEC 2/4/4, 1.0% VC, 0.5% PS, 0.5% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 90 ℃, and clamping the pressure to be 0.1 MPa;
(2) charging to a state of charge of 94% SOC at a constant current of 0.9C;
(3) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.5V constant voltage charging mode for 10min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.1MPa to 0.2MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.1MPa after the charging is finished;
(4) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.6V constant voltage charging mode for 30min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.1MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.1MPa after the charging is finished;
(5) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.7V constant voltage charging mode for 90min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.1MPa to 0.4MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.1MPa after the charging is finished;
(6) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.8V constant voltage charging mode for 110min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.1MPa to 0.4MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.1MPa after the charging is finished;
(7) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(8) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.8V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.8V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery, the lithium titanate battery takes a ternary material as an anode, takes a lithium titanate material as a cathode, adopts a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and has an electrolyte formula as follows: LiPF6:1.1M, EC/EMC/PC/DEC 30/55/5/10, 0.5% VC, 0.5% PS, 1.0% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃, and clamping the pressure to be 0.2 Mpa;
(2) charge to a state of charge of 97% SOC at 0.2C constant current.
(3) Charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.6V constant voltage charging mode for 60min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(4) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.7V constant voltage charging mode for 90min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(5) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.8V constant voltage charging mode for 110min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to be 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(6) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(7) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.7V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.7V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a formation method of a lithium titanate battery tested in the research process, the lithium titanate battery takes a lithium manganate material as a positive electrode, a lithium titanate material as a negative electrode, a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, the lithium titanate battery is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and the formula of an electrolyte is as follows: LiPF6:1.0M, EC/EMC/DEC 2/4/4, 1.0% VC, 0.5% PS, 0.5% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃, and the clamping pressure to be 0.2 MPa;
(2) charging to a state of charge of 94% SOC at a constant current of 0.2C;
(3) carrying out constant current charging on the lithium titanate battery at the current of 0.03 ℃ for 20min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to be 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(4) carrying out constant current charging on the lithium titanate battery at the current of 0.03 ℃ for 30min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to be 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(5) carrying out constant current charging on the lithium titanate battery at the current of 0.03 ℃ for 60min, linearly increasing the clamping pressure from 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, and recovering the clamping pressure to be 0.2MPa after the charging is finished;
(6) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(7) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.8V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.8V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides that the lithium titanate battery tested in the research process takes a ternary material as a positive electrode, takes a lithium titanate material as a negative electrode, adopts a PE (polyethylene) base film with the thickness of 12 microns as an isolating film, is baked at 85 ℃ after being placed into a shell and assembled, and has an electrolyte formula as follows: LiPF6:1.1M, EC/EMC/PC/DEC 30/55/5/10, 0.5% VC, 0.5% PS, 1.0% LiBOB;
(1) placing the lithium titanate battery after liquid injection and pre-sealing into a pressure formation cabinet, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃, and clamping the pressure to be 0.2 Mpa;
(2) charge to a state of charge of 94% SOC at 0.2C constant current.
(3) Charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.5V constant voltage charging mode for 30 min;
(4) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.6V constant voltage charging mode for 30 min;
(5) charging the lithium titanate battery in a 2.7V constant voltage charging mode for 90 min;
(6) carrying out 1.0C constant current discharge on the lithium titanate battery to 1.5V;
(7) the lithium titanate battery is charged at a constant current of 1.0C to 2.7V and then charged at a constant voltage of 2.7V until the current drops to 0.02C.
Examples of effects
After calculating the secondary exhaust seal and the capacity grading of the cells formed in the embodiments 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 2, the high-temperature storage test at 55 ℃ is carried out, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003628124180000091
Figure BDA0003628124180000101
The data in table 1 show that the formation method provided by the invention can form a uniform, compact and stable SEI film in the formation of the lithium titanate battery, and effectively solves the problem of flatulence caused by the reaction of the lithium titanate material and the electrolyte.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A formation method of a lithium titanate battery is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
s1, at the preset clamping pressure P 0 At a preset temperature T, applying a first preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 1 Charging to over 90% SOC by constant current;
s2, carrying out constant voltage charging on the lithium titanate battery for 2-4 times at a preset voltage, wherein the preset voltage of each constant voltage charging is higher than the preset voltage of the previous time, and the clamping pressure rises to be higher than P during each constant voltage charging 0 And falls to P after constant voltage charging 0
S3, after the last constant voltage charging in S2 is finished, the lithium titanate battery is charged with a second preset current I 2 Discharging at constant current to a first preset voltage U 1
S4, applying a second preset current I to the lithium titanate battery 2 Charging to a second preset voltage U by constant current 2 Then, a second preset voltage U is applied 2 Charging at constant voltage until the current drops to 0.02C.
2. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the preset clamping pressure P 0 The temperature is 0.1MPa to 0.5MPa, and the preset temperature T is 25 ℃ to 90 ℃.
3. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the first preset current I 1 0.1 to 1.0C.
4. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the preset voltage of the last constant voltage charge in S2 is close to or equal to the cutoff voltage for normal charging of the battery.
5. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the number of times of the constant voltage charging is three.
6. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery as defined in claim 5, wherein: the time duration of the first constant voltage charging is 10-60 min, the time duration of the second constant voltage charging is 10-60 min, and the time duration of the third constant voltage charging is 30-120 min.
7. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the second preset current I 2 0.2 to 1.0C.
8. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the first preset voltage U 1 Is the cut-off voltage for normal discharge of the battery.
9. The method of forming a lithium titanate battery of claim 1, wherein: the second preset voltage U 2 A cutoff voltage for normal charging of the battery.
CN202210482481.9A 2022-05-05 2022-05-05 Formation method of lithium titanate battery Pending CN115117484A (en)

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