CN115112471A - Test device and method for testing high-temperature creep property of material - Google Patents
Test device and method for testing high-temperature creep property of material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115112471A CN115112471A CN202210758321.2A CN202210758321A CN115112471A CN 115112471 A CN115112471 A CN 115112471A CN 202210758321 A CN202210758321 A CN 202210758321A CN 115112471 A CN115112471 A CN 115112471A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for testing the high-temperature creep property of a material, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a temperature box, a test device outer frame, a temperature control system, a loading device, a creep test piece, a test piece clamping system, a full-field strain measurement system and a three-axis moving platform; the temperature box is fixed on a base of the outer frame of the testing device; the temperature control device is arranged on the temperature box; the test piece clamping system is placed in the temperature box; the creep test piece is fixed on the test piece clamping system; the loading device is connected with the creep test piece; the three-axis mobile platform is fixed on the outer frame of the testing device; and the full-field strain measurement system is fixed on the three-axis mobile platform. The invention also discloses a non-contact full-field creep test method, which can be used for measuring the local strain of the material by using the full-field strain measurement system, automatically measuring the creep property of the material in a long-time creep test and improving the precision and the efficiency of the creep test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material mechanical property testing, in particular to a testing device and a testing method for testing and analyzing high-temperature creep property of a material.
Background
The creep test is a material mechanical property test for measuring the slow plastic deformation phenomenon of a metal or nonmetal material under the action of long-time temperature and load.
The conventional creep test system generally adopts a ruler to measure the change relation of the position in a gauge length range of a test piece along with test time so as to calculate the creep property of a material, the measurement result has errors, the calculated strain value can only reflect the average strain level in the gauge length section, the real strain of the material at different positions cannot be obtained, and the accuracy of the result is further limited; in addition, the creep test requires long-time and uninterrupted operation, so that in order to ensure the accuracy of test results, the measurement and record of displacement and time data in the whole test process have high requirements on testers, and the consistency of repeated test results cannot be guaranteed; moreover, the creep performance test has the characteristic that the time of a single test is longer, but due to the limitation of the traditional strain acquisition system, multiple strain test systems are needed for simultaneously testing multiple samples, the application of simultaneously testing multiple samples is limited, and the test efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device and a method for testing the high-temperature creep property of a material, which are used for overcoming the difficulties of requirements of strain measurement on testers in a creep test, the real change relation of the strain of any position of the material along with time, the consistency of measurement conditions under repeated tests, the accuracy of measurement data and the like and greatly improving the test efficiency.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a testing apparatus for testing high-temperature creep performance of a material, including: the device comprises a temperature box, a test device outer frame, a temperature control system, a loading device, a creep test piece, a test piece clamping system, a full-field strain measurement system and a three-axis moving platform;
the temperature box is fixed on a base of an outer frame of the testing device and used for keeping the temperature inside the temperature box constant;
the temperature control system is arranged on the temperature box and is used for controlling and adjusting the temperature in the temperature box;
the test piece clamping system is arranged in the temperature box and used for clamping and fixing the creep test piece;
the upper end bolt hole of the creep test piece is fixed with the test piece clamping system by using a bolt, and the lower end bolt hole is connected with the loading device and used for realizing the application of creep load;
the digital camera of the full-field strain measurement system is fixed on the three-axis moving platform and is used for accurately measuring the full-field strain of the creep test piece in a gauge length section and the change of the creep test piece along with time;
the three-axis moving platform is fixed on the outer frame of the testing device and used for realizing free movement of the full-field strain measuring system in three directions and accurate focusing of the full-field strain measuring system and the creep test piece;
furthermore, the test piece clamping system also comprises a bracket and a clamp system; the clamp system comprises two L-shaped clamps for clamping a test sample and a fastener for adjusting the clamping degree of the clamps to the creep test sample; the L-shaped clamping pieces are oppositely arranged, the creep test piece is placed in the middle of the L-shaped clamping pieces, a bolt of the fastening piece penetrates through the L-shaped clamping pieces, a bolt hole of the creep test piece and a nut of the fastening piece, and clamping of a sample is achieved by screwing the bolt and the nut.
Further, the temperature box also comprises a glass window for non-contact strain measurement;
further, the clamp system comprises six test piece loading positions, multiple repeated tests or multiple load tests are simultaneously realized according to test requirements, and test data acquisition and analysis are simultaneously carried out on all the test pieces under the same test conditions;
further, speckles are sprayed on the gauge length section during preparation of the creep test piece, and the speckles are required to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the creep test piece during spraying.
Further, the full field strain measurement system comprises a digital camera, a data collection processor and a data display; the digital camera and the data display are respectively connected with the data collection processor; the digital camera is used for collecting test data, and the data collection processor and the data display are used for calculating and analyzing the collected data and outputting a test result.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing and analyzing high-temperature creep performance of a material, comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing a creep test piece and spraying speckles on the surface of the creep test piece; fixing a creep test piece with a clamp system of the test piece clamping system; placing the test piece clamping system in a temperature box;
s2: heating the temperature inside the temperature box to a preset temperature through a temperature control system, and keeping enough time to ensure that the temperature inside the temperature box is consistent with the temperature of a creep test piece;
s3: fixing a digital camera of the full-field strain measurement system on a three-axis mobile platform, adjusting the position and the focal length of the digital camera, and shooting a picture to record the original size of a creep test piece;
s4: opening a box door of the temperature box, applying different loads through a loading device, setting a digital camera to delay automatic shooting and importing the result into a data collection processor;
s5: calculating the instantaneous local strain of a creep test piece by using a digital speckle full-field strain measurement method built in a data collection processor; and calculating the change rule of the strain along with the time by using the shooting time recorded by the digital camera to obtain the creep curve of the material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a method for testing and analyzing the creep property of a material under the action of a high-temperature environment, which is mainly suitable for researching the deformation of the material under the action of a tensile force under high temperature and constant load, and particularly can accurately reveal the local high-temperature creep behavior of the material under different temperatures and load conditions. Specifically, the creep test device and the test method can automatically and simultaneously acquire data of all samples under the same test condition and data acquisition condition by simultaneously performing creep tests on a plurality of samples, and simultaneously process and analyze the acquired data by using a digital speckle analysis means, so that test and analysis errors caused by testers can be effectively avoided in repeated tests, the local creep performance of the material can be accurately analyzed, the test efficiency is greatly improved, and the creep test device and the test method have important significance for solving the problem of material creep failure in engineering.
Drawings
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a high temperature creep test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the temperature box of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a specimen clamping system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fixture system of the test piece clamping system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a full-field strain measurement system and its connection with a three-axis mobile platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of creep specimen size according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the speckle effect of the creep test sample spray coating of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic of the initial speckle position recording method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic of creep test loading conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the results of a local strain analysis of a material at a time obtained by the testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of strain versus time plotted against parameters obtained by the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method of testing and analyzing the high temperature creep performance of a material according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-temperature box; 11-temperature box glass window; 2-outer frame of the test device; 3-a temperature control system; 4-a loading device; 5-creep test piece; 6-a specimen clamping system; 7-full field strain measurement system; 8-a three-axis mobile platform; 21-a base foundation; 61-a scaffold; 62-a clamp system; 621- "L" shaped clamp; 622-fasteners; 71-a digital camera; 72-a data collection processor; 73-data display.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a testing device for testing the high-temperature creep performance of a material under the action of a high-temperature environment, as shown in fig. 1, and the testing device comprises: the device comprises a temperature box 1, a testing device outer frame 2, a temperature control system 3, a loading device 4, a creep test piece 5, a test piece clamping system 6, a full-field strain measurement system 7 and a three-axis moving platform 8.
The outer frame 2 of the test device is a cubic frame and comprises 4 upright columns and 8 cross beams.
The temperature box 1 is fixed on a base 21 of the outer frame 2 of the testing device and used for keeping the temperature inside the temperature box constant.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature control system 3 is disposed in the temperature box 1 for controlling and adjusting the internal temperature of the temperature box 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the specimen clamping system 6 is disposed inside the temperature box 1 for clamping and fixing the creep specimen 5. The specimen clamping system 6 comprises a bracket 61 and a clamp system 62; the clamp system 62 comprises two oppositely arranged L-shaped clamping pieces 621 for clamping the creep test piece 5 and a fastener 622 for adjusting the clamping degree of the clamping pieces on the creep test piece 5; a plurality of fixing holes (bolt holes) are correspondingly formed in the two L-shaped clamping pieces 621, and a fixing hole (bolt hole) is formed in the upper end of the creep test piece 5; a plurality of creep test pieces 5 are correspondingly placed between the two L-shaped clamping pieces 621, and are fixed by penetrating the L-shaped clamping pieces 621 and threaded holes of the creep test pieces 5 through fasteners 622. The bottom portions of the two "L" shaped clamp members 621 are secured to the bracket 61.
The upper end of the creep test piece 5 is fixed with the test piece clamping system 6 through a bolt, and the lower end of the creep test piece is connected with the loading device 4 through a bolt.
The full-field strain measurement system 7 comprises a digital camera 71, a data collection processor 72 and a data display 73 which are coupled in sequence, wherein the digital camera 71 is fixed on the three-axis mobile platform 8. The full-field strain measurement system 7 is used for accurately measuring the full-field strain of the creep test piece 5 in a gauge length section and the change of the creep test piece 5 along with time.
As shown in fig. 4, the three-axis moving platform 8 is fixed on the outer frame 2 of the testing apparatus, and is configured to realize free movement of the full-field strain measurement system 7 in three directions and accurate focusing of the full-field strain measurement system 7 and the creep test piece 5.
Specifically, the creep test apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following working process: firstly, preparing a standard sample for creep test, wherein the size of the sample can refer to ISO527 and other relevant standards, as shown in FIG. 5; then, spraying speckles on a scale distance section of the creep sample, wherein the speckles consist of white primer and black spots, as shown in figure 6; installing 1-6 creep samples (6 in the embodiment) in a test piece clamping system, and placing the creep samples in a temperature box; adjusting the temperature inside the temperature control system temperature box to reach a preset temperature (100 ℃ in the embodiment), adjusting the position and the focal length of the digital camera after the temperature is stable, and taking a picture to be used as an initial displacement field during creep calculation, as shown in fig. 7; a loading device is used for applying loads to a creep test piece (the same loads can be applied for repeated tests, and different loads can be applied to simultaneously test creep performance under different stress levels, wherein the loads in the embodiment are respectively 9.5N, 14.2N, 21.8N, 23.0N, 26.0N and 28.4N), as shown in FIG. 8; the method comprises the steps that a digital camera is used for collecting photos, the digital camera is set to automatically delay shooting, the photos are automatically shot once every 2 minutes in the first 30 minutes, and the photos are automatically shot once every half an hour; terminating the test when the test is carried out for 150 hours, collecting test pictures by using a data collection processor, carrying out full-field strain analysis, and calculating the instantaneous strain at each test moment through the relative change of the instantaneous position and the initial position of the speckle, as shown in figure 9; the corresponding relation between the instantaneous strain and the test time is determined through the picture number or the time delay shooting time, and finally the strain time-dependent change result of the creep test piece is obtained, as shown in fig. 10.
In this embodiment, a method for testing and analyzing creep performance of a material under the action of a high-temperature environment includes the following steps, as shown in fig. 11:
s1: preparing a creep test piece and spraying speckles on the surface of a gauge length section of the creep test piece; fixing a plurality of creep test pieces with a fixture system of a test piece clamping system; placing the test piece clamping system in a temperature box;
s2: heating the internal temperature of the temperature box to a preset temperature through a temperature control system, and keeping for enough time to ensure that the internal temperature of the temperature box is consistent with the temperature of the creep test piece;
s3: fixing a digital camera of the full-field strain measurement system on a three-axis mobile platform, adjusting the position and the focal length of the digital camera, and shooting a picture to record the original size of each creep test piece;
s4: opening a box door of the temperature box, applying different loads to each creep test piece through a loading device, setting a digital camera to carry out time-delay automatic shooting and importing the result into a data collection processor;
s5: calculating the instantaneous local strain of the creep test piece by using a data collection processor; and calculating the change rule of the strain along with the time by using the shooting time recorded by the digital camera to obtain the creep curve of the material.
Obviously, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited to the specific embodiments; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified from the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutions may be made on some or all of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments, such as changing the number of holes of the "L" shaped clamp, the size of the temperature box body, etc.; and obvious changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A test device for testing the high temperature creep performance of a material, the test device comprising: the device comprises a temperature box (1), a test device outer frame (2), a temperature control system (3), a loading device (4), a creep test piece (5), a test piece clamping system (6), a full-field strain measurement system (7) and a three-axis moving platform (8);
the temperature box (1) is fixed on a base (21) of an outer frame (2) of the testing device and used for keeping the temperature inside the temperature box constant;
the temperature control system (3) is arranged in the temperature box (1) and is used for controlling and adjusting the internal temperature of the temperature box (1);
the test piece clamping system (6) is placed in the temperature box (1) and used for clamping and fixing the creep test piece (5);
the upper end of the creep test piece (5) is fixed with the test piece clamping system (6), and the lower end of the creep test piece is connected with the loading device (4);
the full-field strain measurement system (7) is used for accurately measuring the full-field strain of the creep test piece (5) in a gauge length section and the change of the creep test piece with time;
the three-axis moving platform (8) is fixed on the outer frame (2) of the testing device and used for achieving free movement of the full-field strain measurement system (7) in three directions and focusing of the full-field strain measurement system (7) and the creep test piece (5).
2. The device for testing the high-temperature creep property of a material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature box (1) is further provided with a glass window (11) for non-contact strain measurement, and the size and the position of the glass window (11) are such that all creep test pieces (5) in the creep test process are within the view field of the full-field strain measurement system (7).
3. The device for testing the high-temperature creep property of a material according to claim 1, wherein the specimen clamping system (6) further comprises a bracket (61) and a clamp system (62); the clamp system (62) comprises two L-shaped clamping pieces (621) which are oppositely arranged and used for clamping a creep test piece (5); a plurality of fixing holes are correspondingly formed in the two L-shaped clamping pieces (621), and a fixing hole is formed in the upper end of the creep test piece (5); correspondingly placing a plurality of creep test pieces (5) in the middle of the two L-shaped clamping pieces (621), and fixing the creep test pieces through the fixing holes by fasteners (622); the bottoms of the two L-shaped clamping pieces (621) are fixed on the bracket (61).
4. The test device for testing the high-temperature creep property of a material according to claim 1, characterized in that the creep test piece (5) is sprayed with speckles at a scale distance.
5. The testing apparatus for testing the high-temperature creep property of a material according to claim 1, wherein the full-field strain measuring system (7) comprises a digital camera (71), a data collecting processor (72) and a data display (73) which are coupled in sequence, and the digital camera (71) is fixed on the three-axis moving platform (8).
6. A method for testing and analyzing the high-temperature creep property of a material, which is applied to a test device for testing the high-temperature creep property of the material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a creep test piece (5) and spraying speckles on the surface of a gauge length section of the creep test piece; fixing a plurality of creep test pieces (5) with a clamp system (62) of a test piece clamping system (6); placing the test piece clamping system (6) in the temperature box (1);
s2, heating the internal temperature of the temperature box (1) to a preset temperature through the temperature control system (3), and keeping for enough time to ensure that the internal temperature of the temperature box (1) is consistent with the temperature of the creep test piece (5);
s3, fixing a digital camera (71) of the full-field strain measurement system (7) on a three-axis moving platform (8), adjusting the position and the focal length of the digital camera (71), and shooting a picture to record the original size of each creep test piece (5);
s4, opening a box door of the temperature box (1), applying different loads to each creep test piece (5) through the loading device (4), setting a digital camera (71) to automatically shoot in a delayed mode and importing results into a data collection processor (72);
s5, calculating the instantaneous local strain of the creep test piece (5) by using a data collection processor (72); and calculating the change rule of the strain along with the time by using the shooting time recorded by the digital camera (71) to obtain the creep curve of the material.
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| CN202210758321.2A CN115112471A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Test device and method for testing high-temperature creep property of material |
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| CN202210758321.2A CN115112471A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Test device and method for testing high-temperature creep property of material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117110046A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-24 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Method for testing creep property of viscoelastic material |
| CN117969301A (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-05-03 | 南通德衍设备科技有限公司 | Real-time acquisition image test system and method for high-temperature creep test sample of metal pipe |
-
2022
- 2022-06-29 CN CN202210758321.2A patent/CN115112471A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117110046A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-24 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Method for testing creep property of viscoelastic material |
| CN117110046B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-05-03 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Method for testing creep property of viscoelastic material |
| CN117969301A (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-05-03 | 南通德衍设备科技有限公司 | Real-time acquisition image test system and method for high-temperature creep test sample of metal pipe |
| CN117969301B (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-08-30 | 南通德衍设备科技有限公司 | Real-time acquisition image test system and method for high-temperature creep test sample of metal pipe |
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