CN115112279B - Device and method for measuring axial force of casing and aeroengine - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring axial force of casing and aeroengine Download PDFInfo
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- CN115112279B CN115112279B CN202110308181.4A CN202110308181A CN115112279B CN 115112279 B CN115112279 B CN 115112279B CN 202110308181 A CN202110308181 A CN 202110308181A CN 115112279 B CN115112279 B CN 115112279B
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The disclosure relates to a casing axial force measuring device and measuring method, aeroengine, wherein, the casing includes first casing and second casing, and first casing has first mounting flange, and the second casing has second mounting flange, and first casing and second casing pass through first mounting flange and second mounting flange axial butt joint, and casing axial force measuring device includes: the two force transfer pieces are arranged in a crossing mode and hinged through a pin shaft, the first ends of the two force transfer pieces are respectively located at the outer sides of the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange and are connected with the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange through fasteners, and the two force transfer pieces are configured to amplify the elongation of the fasteners according to a preset amplification ratio; the extending direction of the measuring rod is consistent with the axial direction of the casing, and two ends of the measuring rod are respectively connected between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces; and a strain detecting member provided on the measuring rod and configured to detect an axial strain of the measuring rod to obtain a case axial force.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of aeroengine measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring axial force of a casing and an aeroengine.
Background
In order to ensure the test run safety of the aero-engine, the axial force born by the mounting edge of the casing is required to be measured, and the failure of bolts on the mounting edge is avoided. The method for measuring the axial force of the aero-engine bearing generally comprises the steps of adding a force measuring ring at a measuring position, and indirectly obtaining the axial force by measuring the strain of a specific position on the force measuring ring through a strain gauge. The force measuring ring cannot be installed on the case of the aeroengine, and in order to obtain the axial force of the installation edge of the case, the simplest method is to attach a strain gauge on the case to obtain the axial force, and the method has the following problems:
1. the positions which can be used for the strain gauge sticking measurement are limited, and the measurable positions are mainly a casing mounting edge and a casing outer surface;
2. the working temperature of the casing is high (taking the combustion chamber casing as an example, the temperature of the area of the installation side connected with the high-pressure turbine is at most 600 ℃), and the temperature-induced strain is large (taking the combustion chamber casing as an example, the temperature strain is about 10000 micro-strain at 600 ℃);
3. the axial rigidity of the casing is high, and the strain of the outer surface of the casing caused by the axial force is small (taking the combustion chamber casing as an example, the axial strain of the casing caused by the axial force is only 3% -10% of the strain caused by the temperature);
4. the axial rigidity of the casing is uneven, if the axial rigidity is measured by attaching a strain gauge to the outer surface of the casing, the axial force can only be applied to the casing for calibration, and the calibration difficulty is high;
5. the bolts on the mounting sides of the casings have larger axial rigidity, and the strain caused by the axial force is small (taking the mounting side connecting bolts of the combustor casing and the high-pressure turbine casing as an example, the axial strain of the connecting bolts caused by the axial force is only 4% of the strain caused by temperature).
6. The high temperature strain gauge has a thermal output error of about 100 microstrain (if the strain is measured on the outer surface of the combustion chamber casing, the thermal output error accounts for 10% -33% of the strain of the casing, and if the strain is measured on the connecting bolt of the mounting edge of the combustion chamber and the high pressure turbine casing, the thermal output error accounts for 25% of the strain of the bolt).
When the actual axial force measurement is considered, temperature sensor errors, measurement system errors and the like exist, and after the factors are overlapped with the heat output errors, if the strain is directly measured on the outer surface of the casing or the connecting bolt of the mounting edge of the casing, the measurement errors are very large, and meanwhile, the calibration difficulty is also very large.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a device and a method for measuring axial force of a casing and an aeroengine, and can accurately and conveniently measure the axial force received by the casing in the aeroengine.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a casing axial force measurement device, the casing including a first casing and a second casing, the first casing having a first mounting flange, the second casing having a second mounting flange, the first casing being axially butted with the second casing by the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange, the casing axial force measurement device comprising:
The two force transfer pieces are arranged in a crossing mode and hinged through a pin shaft, the first ends of the two force transfer pieces are respectively located at the outer sides of the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange and are connected with the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange through fasteners, and the two force transfer pieces are configured to amplify the elongation of the fasteners according to a preset amplification ratio;
The extending direction of the measuring rod is consistent with the axial direction of the casing, and two ends of the measuring rod are respectively connected between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces; and
The strain detection piece is arranged on the measuring rod and is configured to detect the axial strain of the measuring rod so as to obtain the axial force of the casing.
In some embodiments, the measuring device further comprises a temperature detection piece configured to detect the temperature of the measuring rod, so that the mapping relation between the elongation of the measuring rod and the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures is calibrated according to the temperature value and the axial strain before measurement, and the elongation of the measuring rod is obtained according to the mapping relation, the temperature value and the axial strain in the actual measurement process.
In some embodiments, the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange are connected by a plurality of fasteners disposed at circumferentially spaced intervals, and the first ends of each of the two force transfer members are connected to the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange by two circumferentially adjacent fasteners.
In some embodiments, the length of the fastener connecting the two force transfer members is greater than the length of the remaining fasteners connecting the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange.
In some embodiments, the middle section of the measuring stick is provided with two opposing grooves on the side wall.
In some embodiments, four strain detectors are provided, the four strain detectors comprising a full bridge;
Wherein two strain detection parts are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two grooves, and the other two strain detection parts are oppositely arranged on the outer side wall of the measuring rod, which is positioned on the same side of the groove along the axial direction.
In some embodiments, the measuring device further comprises two first nuts, the second ends of the two force transmission pieces are respectively provided with a through hole, the measuring rod penetrates through the two through holes, and the two first nuts are respectively screwed at two ends of the measuring rod from the outer sides of the two force transmission pieces.
In some embodiments, the force transfer member comprises:
A first plate provided with two first mounting holes along the circumferential direction of the casing, configured to be connected with the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange by fasteners;
The second plate extends in a radial plane perpendicular to the first plate, the first end of the second plate is connected to the outer end of the first plate along the radial direction of the casing, the second end of the second plate extends towards the direction of the first plate close to the other force transmission piece, and a hinge hole is formed in the second plate; and
And the third plate is connected to the second end of the second plate and extends outwards along the radial direction of the casing, the third plate is parallel to the first plate, and a second mounting hole is formed in the third plate.
In some embodiments, the force-transmitting member is provided with a first mounting hole for mounting the fastener, and the preset magnification ratio is a first distance H 1 between the center line of the measuring rod and the center line of the pin shaft divided by a second distance H 2 between the center line of the first mounting hole and the center line of the pin shaft.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an aeroengine comprising:
The machine case comprises a first machine case and a second machine case, wherein the first machine case is provided with a first mounting flange, the second machine case is provided with a second mounting flange, and the first machine case and the second machine case are axially butted through the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange; and
The casing axial force measuring device of the above embodiment.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a measurement method based on a casing axial force measurement device, including:
The two force transmission parts are hinged by a pin shaft;
The first ends of the two force transfer pieces are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange and are connected with the first mounting flange and the second mounting flange through fasteners;
Two ends of the measuring rod are respectively connected between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces;
and installing a strain detection piece on the measuring rod to detect the axial strain of the measuring rod and obtain the axial force of the casing.
In some embodiments, the step of deriving the casing axial force from the axial strain of the measuring rod comprises:
detecting the temperature of the measuring rod through a temperature detecting piece;
before the measuring rod is installed, mapping relations of the elongation of the measuring rod, the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures are marked according to the temperature value and the axial strain;
in the actual measurement process, the elongation of the measuring rod is obtained according to the mapping relation, the temperature value and the axial strain, so that the axial force of the casing is obtained according to the elongation of the measuring rod.
In some embodiments, the step of deriving the casing axial force from the measurement of the shaft elongation comprises:
Obtaining the elongation of the fastener according to the elongation of the measuring rod and a preset amplification ratio;
The casing axial force is derived from the axial stiffness of the individual fasteners, the stiffness of the first and second mounting flanges, the elongation of the fasteners, and the total number of fasteners.
According to the device for measuring the axial force of the casing, the force transmission piece is arranged to transmit the axial force of the casing to the measuring rod, the elongation of the fastener is amplified through the lever structure, the difficulty of measuring the axial force of the casing can be reduced, the measuring error is reduced, the measuring accuracy is improved, and the calibration difficulty of the strain detection piece is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the present disclosure. In the drawings:
FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are front, cross-sectional A-A and top views, respectively, of a force-transmitting member in some embodiments of a receiver axial force measurement device of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a front view of some embodiments of a case axial force measurement device of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of critical dimensions of some embodiments of a receiver axial force measurement device of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of some embodiments of a receiver axial force measurement device of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are front and C-C cross-sectional views, respectively, of a measuring rod in a case axial force measuring device of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are front view and D-D sectional views, respectively, of a strain gauge attached to a measuring rod in a case axial force measuring device of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a flow diagram of some embodiments of a method of measuring a casing axial force of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is described in detail below. In the following paragraphs, the different aspects of the embodiments are defined in more detail. Aspects so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless explicitly stated to be non-combinable. In particular, any feature or features may be combined with one or more other features may be desired and advantageous.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in this disclosure are merely for convenience of description to distinguish between different constituent components having the same name, and do not denote a sequential or primary or secondary relationship.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "left" and "right", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present disclosure provides a device for measuring axial force of a casing, wherein the axial force of the casing refers to force applied by a gas load along the axial direction of the engine when the aeroengine works. The casing comprises a first casing 4 and a second casing 5, the first casing 4 is provided with a first mounting flange 41, the second casing 5 is provided with a second mounting flange 51, and the first casing 4 and the second casing 5 are axially butted through the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 and are connected through a plurality of fasteners 2 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction.
At present, the most direct method for measuring the axial force of the mounting flange of the casing is to attach a strain gauge to the casing. However, the method has the problems of high calibration difficulty and large measurement error due to the reasons of high axial rigidity of the casing, high working temperature and the like. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present disclosure provides a casing axial force measuring device, comprising: two force-transmitting members 1, a measuring rod 7 and a strain detecting member 10.
The two force transmission members 1 are arranged in a crossing mode and hinged through the pin shaft 3 in the crossing area, and the first ends of the two force transmission members 1 are respectively located on the outer sides of the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 and are connected with the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 through the fastener 2. For example, the two force-transmitting members 1 are connected to the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 by at least two fastening members 2, and each fastening member 2 is fixedly connected through one of the force-transmitting members 1, the first mounting flange 41, the second mounting flange 51, and the other force-transmitting member 1 in sequence. The two force transfer members 1 are configured to amplify the elongation of the fastener 2 according to a preset amplification ratio, the casing axial force is transmitted to the fastener 2, and the fastener 2 is elongated, and the force transfer members 1 act as lever parts to amplify the elongation of the fastener 2 on the basis of the transmission of the casing axial force.
The extension direction of the measuring rod 7 is consistent with the axial direction of the casing, and two ends are respectively connected between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces 1. For example, the measuring rod 7 is detachably connected with respect to the two force transfer members 1, such that after the two force transfer members 1 are mounted to the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51, respectively, the measuring rod 7 is connected between the respective second ends of the two force transfer members 1, whereby it is possible to prevent an additional stress from being generated between the measuring rod 7 and the force transfer members 1, so as to improve the accuracy of the case axial force detection.
The strain detector 10 is provided on the measuring rod 7 and configured to detect an axial strain of the measuring rod 7 to obtain a casing axial force from the axial strain. For example, the strain gage 10 may be used with a strain gage.
In this embodiment of the disclosure, because the axial rigidity of the casing is greater, the axial force causes the strain on the outer surface of the casing to be small, if the strain gauge is directly attached to the casing in order to measure the axial force of the casing, the calibration difficulty is great, the measurement error is great, and the method of the disclosure transmits the axial force of the casing to the measuring rod 7 by arranging the force transmission member and amplifies the elongation of the fastener 2 through the lever structure, so that the difficulty of measuring the axial force of the casing can be reduced, the measurement error is reduced, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the calibration difficulty of the strain detection member 10 is reduced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7A and 7B, the casing axial force measuring device further includes a temperature detecting member 8 configured to detect the temperature of the measuring rod 7, so as to scale the mapping relationship between the elongation of the measuring rod 7 and the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures according to the temperature value and the axial strain before measurement, and to obtain the elongation of the measuring rod 7 according to the mapping relationship, the temperature value and the axial strain during actual measurement. The calibration can be performed before the measuring rod 7 is mounted to the force-transmitting member 1.
Because the working temperature of the casing is high, the strain caused by temperature rise is large, the strain caused by temperature and the strain caused by axial force of the casing are superposed, the measurement error is very large, and the calibration difficulty is large. According to the embodiment, the force transmission piece is used as a lever part, the elongation of the fastener 2 generated by the axial force of the casing is amplified, the influence factors of temperature strain can be reduced, and the accuracy of measuring the axial force of the casing is improved. Moreover, before the measuring rod 7 is mounted on the force transmission piece 1, calibration is performed in advance, calibration on a casing is not needed, the calibration difficulty can be reduced, the mapping relation between the elongation of the measuring rod 7 and the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures is calibrated, and the influence of the working temperature is considered when the axial force of the casing is measured subsequently.
Alternatively, the measuring rod 7, the pin 3, the force-transmitting member 1 and the fastener 2 are made of the same material as the casing, and when the temperature of the casing changes, the whole device is uniformly expanded together with the casing so as to prevent the deformation of the fastener caused by the amplified temperature of the lever measuring device.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 are connected by a plurality of fasteners 2 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the first ends of the two force transfer members 1 are connected to the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 by means of two circumferentially adjacent fasteners 2. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the fastener 2 may include a bolt 21 and a second nut 22.
The embodiment can realize the installation of the measuring device by only using two adjacent fasteners 2, the installation is simple, and the structure of the casing is not affected.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, since two force transfer members 1 are required to be added on the basis of the original thickness of the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51, the length of the fastener 2 connecting the two force transfer members 1 is longer than the length of the remaining fasteners 2 connecting the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51. During installation, the original two fasteners 2 on the casing can be removed, and then the two lengthened fasteners 2 can be replaced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6A and 6B, the middle section of the measuring rod 7 is provided with two opposite grooves 71 on the side walls to weaken the axial rigidity of the middle region of the measuring rod 7.
According to the measuring device disclosed by the disclosure, the elongation deformation of the fastener 2 caused by the axial force of the casing is transmitted to the measuring rod 7 after being amplified by the force transmission piece 1, and because the axial rigidity (large cross section) of the two ends of the measuring rod 7 is far greater than the axial rigidity (small cross section) of the middle thin section, the axial elongation transmitted by the force transmission piece 1 is basically concentrated at the thin section of the measuring rod 7, and the elongation of the fastener 2 is amplified by the force transmission piece 1 under the axial force, and at the moment, the strain at the thin section of the measuring rod 7 is amplified relative to the strain of the fastener 2.
As shown in fig. 1A-1C and fig. 4, the force transmission member 1 is provided with a first mounting hole 111 for mounting the fastener 2, and the preset amplification ratio is that a first distance H 1 between the center line of the measuring rod 7 and the center line of the pin shaft 3 is divided by a second distance H2 between the center line of the first mounting hole 111 and the center line of the pin shaft 3, and the first distance H 1 is greater than the second distance H 2.
As shown in fig. 7A and 7B, the strain gage 10 is provided in four, and the four strain gage 10 constitute a full bridge. Wherein, the two strain detection pieces 10 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two grooves 71 and can be positioned at the same length position on the measuring rod 7; the other two strain detectors 10 are oppositely arranged on the outer side wall of the measuring rod 7, which is positioned on the same side of the groove 71 along the axial direction, and can be positioned at the same length position on the measuring rod 7. Further, the strain detecting member 10 in one of the grooves 71 is circumferentially aligned with the measuring rod 7 on the outer side wall of one of the measuring rods 7, and the strain detecting member 10 in the other groove 71 is circumferentially aligned with the measuring rod 7 on the outer side wall of the other measuring rod 7.
In this embodiment, by providing two strain detecting members 10 at the thin section and the thick section of the measuring rod 7, respectively, a full bridge can be formed, and the temperature automatic compensation function can be provided.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the device for measuring axial force of the casing further includes two first nuts 6, through holes 131 are formed at respective second ends of the two force transfer members 1, the measuring rod 7 passes through the two through holes 131, and the two first nuts 6 are screwed to both ends of the measuring rod 7 from outside the two force transfer members 1, respectively.
In this embodiment, the measuring rod 7 is detachably connected with respect to the two force-transmitting members 1, after the two force-transmitting members 1 are respectively mounted on the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51, the measuring rod 7 is connected between the respective second ends of the two force-transmitting members 1, and the first nut 6 is screwed by a smaller torque, so that on the basis of ensuring that the initial state of the measuring rod 7 is completely contacted with the force-transmitting members 1, the additional stress between the measuring rod 7 and the force-transmitting members 1 is prevented, thereby reducing the initial error of the measuring device and improving the accuracy of the axial force detection of the casing.
Moreover, before the measuring rod 7 is installed, the measuring rod 7 can be independently calibrated through test equipment, so that the calibration operation is easier to realize.
In some embodiments, as in fig. 1A-1C, the force-transmitting member 1 comprises: a first plate 11, a second plate 12 and a third plate 13.
Wherein two first mounting holes 111 are provided on the first plate 11 along the circumferential direction of the casing, configured to be connected with the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 by means of the fasteners 2.
The second plate 12 extends in a radial plane perpendicular to the first plate 11, the first end of the second plate 12 being connected to the outer end of the first plate 11 in the radial direction of the casing, the second end of the second plate 12 extending in a direction towards the first plate 11 close to the other force-transmitting member 1, the second plate 12 being provided with a hinge hole 121.
The third plate 13 is connected to the second end of the second plate 12 and extends outwards along the radial direction of the casing, the third plate 13 is parallel to the first plate 11, and the third plate 13 is provided with a second mounting hole 131 for mounting the measuring rod 7.
The force transmission member 1 of this embodiment is simple in structure, not only can achieve fixation with the casing, but also can amplify and apply the elongation of the fastener 2 to the measuring rod 7 through the two hinged force transmission members 1.
The device for measuring the axial force of the casing has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation, small calibration difficulty and high precision. Moreover, the measuring device can be applied to the case with high working temperature, and the problem that high Wen Jixia axial force is difficult to measure is solved. Meanwhile, the measuring device does not need to modify the structure of the casing, the connection between the casings is slightly modified, and only two fasteners 2 near the installation position are required to be lengthened.
Next, the present disclosure provides an aeroengine including a case and the case axial force measurement device of the above embodiment. The casing comprises a first casing 4 and a second casing 5, the first casing 4 is provided with a first mounting flange 41, the second casing 5 is provided with a second mounting flange 51, and the first casing 4 and the second casing 5 are axially butted through the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51. The first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 are connected by a plurality of fasteners 2 disposed at circumferentially spaced intervals.
Finally, the present disclosure provides a measuring method based on the above-described case axial force measuring device, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, including:
step 110, hinging the two force transmission pieces 1 by adopting a pin shaft 3;
step 120, placing the first ends of the two force transmission pieces 1 on the outer sides of the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 respectively, and connecting the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 through the fasteners 2;
130, respectively connecting two ends of the measuring rod 7 between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces 1;
And 140, installing a strain detection piece 10 on the measuring rod 7 to detect the axial strain of the measuring rod 7, so as to obtain the axial force of the casing.
Wherein steps 110-140 are performed sequentially. Before step 120 is performed, the fasteners 2 of the cartridge receiver at the locations where the measuring devices are to be mounted may be removed, for example, two adjacent fasteners 2 may be removed, and the elongated two fasteners 2 may be replaced to secure the force-transmitting member 1.
According to the embodiment, the force transmission piece 1 is arranged to transmit the axial force of the casing to the measuring rod 7, the elongation of the fastener 2 is amplified through the lever structure, the difficulty of measuring the axial force of the casing can be reduced, the measuring error is reduced, the measuring accuracy is improved, and the calibration difficulty of the strain detection piece 10 is reduced.
In some embodiments, the step of deriving the casing axial force in step 140 from the axial strain of the measuring rod 7 comprises:
Step 210, detecting the temperature of the measuring rod 7 through the temperature detecting piece 8;
Step 220, before the measuring rod 7 is installed, mapping relations of the elongation of the measuring rod 7, the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures are marked according to the temperature value and the axial strain;
and 230, in the actual measurement process, the elongation of the measuring rod 7 is obtained according to the mapping relation, the temperature value and the axial strain, so as to obtain the axial force of the casing according to the elongation of the measuring rod 7.
Wherein step 220 is performed prior to step 130. The embodiment is suitable for the case with high working temperature, and can solve the problem of difficult measurement of high Wen Jixia axial force. The force transmission piece 1 is used as a lever part, so that the elongation of the fastener 2 generated by the axial force of the casing is amplified, the influence factors of temperature strain can be reduced, and the accuracy of measuring the axial force of the casing is improved. Moreover, before the measuring rod 7 is mounted on the force transmission piece 1, calibration is performed in advance, calibration on a casing is not needed, the calibration difficulty can be reduced, the mapping relation between the elongation of the measuring rod 7 and the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures is calibrated, and the influence of the working temperature is considered when the axial force of the casing is measured subsequently.
In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the casing axial force according to the elongation of the measuring rod 7 in step 230 comprises:
step 231, obtaining the elongation of the fastener 2 according to the elongation of the measuring rod 7 and a preset amplification ratio;
Step 232, deriving the receiver axial force F from the axial stiffness K B of the single fastener 2, the stiffness K F of the first and second mounting flanges 41, 51, the elongation Δl 2 of the fastener 2, and the total number N B of fasteners 2.
In step 231, the preset magnification ratio is a first distance H 1 between the center line of the measuring rod 7 and the center line of the pin shaft 3 divided by a second distance H2 between the center line of the first mounting hole 111 and the center line of the pin shaft 3, where the first distance H 1 is greater than the second distance H 2.
In step 232, the axial rigidity K B of the single fastener 2 is calculated according to the bolting standard and the structural parameters of the bolts, the rigidity K F of the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 is calculated according to the bolting standard and the structural parameters of the mounting flange, and according to the bolting stress analysis, it is known that the axial force f=Δl 2*(KB+KF)*NB applied to the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 of the casing.
The case axial force measurement method of the present disclosure is described below by way of a specific embodiment with reference to fig. 1A to 7.
1. As shown in fig. 7A and 7B, 4 strain detecting members 10 are stuck at the marking position of the measuring rod 7 to form a full bridge, so as to achieve the effect of temperature self-compensation. And then calibrating the measuring rod 7 by using test equipment to obtain the mapping relation between the elongation of the measuring rod 7 and the axial strain at different temperatures.
2. The first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 are screwed together by a plurality of circumferential fasteners 2 according to a design torque.
3. Selecting two adjacent mounting positions of the fasteners 2 on a mounting flange of the casing as mounting positions of an axial force measuring device of the casing, and detaching the fasteners 2 at the positions;
4. As shown in fig. 2, the pin shaft 3 is inserted into the hinge holes of the two force transmission members 1, the first plates 11 of the two force transmission members 1 are respectively attached to the outer side surfaces of the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51, the lengthened bolts 21 are screwed according to the design moment, the calibrated measuring rod 7 is finally inserted into the second mounting hole 131, the second nuts 6 are screwed according to the smaller moment when the measuring rod 7 is mounted, the initial state of the measuring rod 7 is ensured to be completely contacted with the outer side surfaces of the third plates 13 of the force transmission members 1, and the initial error of the measuring device is reduced. The dimensions of the force transmission piece 1 and the measuring rod 7 are determined according to the thickness of the mounting flange of the casing, the preset amplification factor, the dimensions of the strain detection piece 10 and the temperature detection piece 8.
5. When the casing mounting flange bears axial force, the bolt 21 at the measuring position is elongated, the elongation of the bolt 21 is amplified through the force transmission piece 1, the axial strain and the temperature of the measuring rod 7 at the moment are obtained through the strain detection piece 10 and the temperature detection piece 8 attached to the measuring rod 7, the elongation of the measuring rod 7 is obtained through the calibration result obtained in the step 1, the elongation of the bolt 21 at the measuring position is deduced according to the elongation of the measuring rod 7 and a preset amplification ratio, and then the axial force F (according to the analysis of the bolt connection stress, the axial force F=ΔL 2*(KB+KF)*NB) born by the casing mounting flange can be deduced according to the axial rigidity K B (according to the standard of the bolt connection and the structural parameter of the bolt), the flange rigidity K F of the bolt connection (according to the standard of the bolt connection and the structural parameter of the mounting flange), the elongation ΔL 2 of the bolt 21 and the total number N B of the bolt 21.
The strain of the bolt 21 is amplified by the force-transmitting member 1 to a thin section of the measuring rod 7, and the specific amplification can be calculated as follows.
The elongation of the bolt 21 is equal to the bolt strain times the bolt clamping length, i.e. Δl 2＝ε2*L2.
The elongation of the measuring rod 7 is equal to the preset magnification ratio multiplied by the elongation of the bolt 21, i.e. Δl 1＝(H1/H2)*ΔL2＝(H1/H2)*ε2*L2.
Since the axial stiffness (large cross-sectional area) of the ends of the measuring rod 7 is much greater than the axial stiffness (small cross-sectional area) at the middle thin section, the axial elongation transmitted through the force-transmitting member 1 is substantially entirely concentrated at the thin section of the measuring rod 7. The strain at the middle thin section of the measuring rod 7 is then equal to the elongation of the measuring rod 7 divided by the length of the thin section, i.e. epsilon 3＝ΔL1/L3＝((H1/H2)*ε2*L2)/L3.
When the lever measuring device is designed, the length L 3 of the groove 71 is equal to the thickness of the first mounting flange 41 and the second mounting flange 51 and L 2, namely L 3＝L2, and then the strain epsilon 3＝(H1/H2)*ε2 at the middle thin section of the measuring rod 7 is caused, and the strain epsilon 2 of the bolt 21 caused by the axial force of the casing causes the strain at the middle thin section of the measuring rod 7 to be H 1/H2)*ε2 (namely the preset amplification ratio is H 1/H2) after the lever is amplified.
The lever device does not amplify temperature induced strain, and is analyzed as follows. Since the whole measuring device is identical to the casing in material, when the casing mounting flange is identical to the lever measuring device in temperature T, the expansion amount Δs 1＝T*L1 at one end of the rod 7 is measured, and the expansion amount Δs 2＝T*L2 at one end of the casing mounting flange is measured. The expansion amount of one end of the mounting flange of the casing is amplified by the lever, and the elongation amount is delta L 1＝ΔS2*(H1/H2)＝T*L2*(H1/H2 at the measuring rod end. When the lever measuring device is designed, the ratio of the clamping length of the second end of the force transmission piece 1 to the clamping length of the first end is equal to the elongation amplification ratio of the lever device, namely H 1/H2＝L1/L2, and the elongation of the measuring rod end is ΔL1＝T*L2*(H1/H2)＝T*L2*(L1/L2)＝T*L1＝ΔS1,, so that it can be seen that the expansion of one end of the casing mounting flange causes the elongation delta L 1 of the measuring rod end to be equal to the expansion delta S 1 of one end of the measuring rod, namely that the expansion of the casing mounting flange does not cause the additional elongation of the measuring rod 7. From the above derivation, the lever measurement device does not amplify the temperature induced strain.
In the working state of the aeroengine, taking the combustion chamber casing and the high-pressure turbine casing as examples, the axial force borne by the casing mounting flange causes the axial strain of the bolt 21 to be about 300 microstrain, and the temperature strain caused by the temperature is about 10000 microstrain. When the lever measuring device is designed, the L 3＝L2,H1/H2 =10, and after the case axial force lever measuring device is used, the case mounting flange can cause 3000 micro-strain at the thin section of the measuring rod after bearing the axial force, and the heat output error is only 3%, so that the case axial force measuring precision is remarkably improved.
The device and the method for measuring the axial force of the casing and the aeroengine are provided by the disclosure in detail. Specific examples are set forth herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present disclosure, and the above examples are merely intended to aid in understanding the methods of the present disclosure and the core ideas thereof. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various improvements and modifications could be made to the present disclosure without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, and such improvements and modifications would be within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides a receiver axial force measuring device, its characterized in that, the receiver includes first receiver (4) and second receiver (5), first receiver (4) have first mounting flange (41), second receiver (5) have second mounting flange (51), first receiver (4) with second receiver (5) are through first mounting flange (41) and second mounting flange (51) axial butt joint, receiver axial force measuring device includes:
The two force transfer pieces (1) are arranged in a crossing mode and hinged through a pin shaft (3), the first ends of the two force transfer pieces (1) are respectively located at the outer sides of a first mounting flange (41) and a second mounting flange (51), and are connected with the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51) through fasteners (2), and the two force transfer pieces (1) are configured to amplify the elongation of the fasteners (2) according to a preset amplification ratio;
the extending direction of the measuring rod (7) is consistent with the axial direction of the casing, and two ends of the measuring rod are respectively connected between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces (1); and
And the strain detection piece (10) is arranged on the measuring rod (7) and is configured to detect the axial strain of the measuring rod (7) so as to obtain the axial force of the casing.
2. The casing axial force measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature detecting member (8) configured to detect the temperature of the measuring rod (7) so as to map the elongation of the measuring rod (7) with the temperature value and the axial strain at different temperatures according to the temperature value and the axial strain before measurement, and to derive the elongation of the measuring rod (7) according to the map, the temperature value and the axial strain during actual measurement.
3. The casing axial force measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51) are connected by a plurality of the fasteners (2) arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the respective first ends of the two force transmitting members (1) are connected to the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51) by means of two circumferentially adjacent fasteners (2).
4. The casing axial force measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the fastener (2) connecting the two force transfer members (1) is greater than the length of the remaining fasteners (2) connecting the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51).
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle section of the measuring rod (7) is provided with two opposite grooves (71) on the side wall.
6. The casing axial force measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that four strain detectors (10) are provided, four strain detectors (10) constituting a full bridge;
Wherein two strain detection pieces (10) are respectively arranged at the bottoms of two grooves (71), and the other two strain detection pieces (10) are oppositely arranged on the outer side wall of the measuring rod (7) which is positioned on the same side of the groove (71) along the axial direction.
7. The device for measuring the axial force of the casing according to claim 1, further comprising two first nuts (6), wherein through holes (131) are formed in the second ends of the two force transmitting members (1), the measuring rod (7) passes through the two through holes (131), and the two first nuts (6) are screwed to the two ends of the measuring rod (7) from the outer sides of the two force transmitting members (1).
8. The casing axial force measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the force transmitting member (1) comprises:
A first plate (11) provided with two first mounting holes (111) along the circumferential direction of the casing, configured to be connected with the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51) by fasteners (2);
a second plate (12), the second plate (12) extends in a radial plane perpendicular to the first plate (11), a first end of the second plate (12) is connected to an outer end of the first plate (11) along a casing radial direction, a second end of the second plate (12) extends towards a direction of the first plate (11) close to the other force transmission piece (1), and a hinge hole (121) is formed in the second plate (12); and
The third plate (13) is connected to the second end of the second plate (12) and extends outwards along the radial direction of the casing, the third plate (13) is parallel to the first plate (11), and a second mounting hole (131) for mounting the measuring rod (7) is formed in the third plate (13).
9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the force transmission member (1) is provided with a first mounting hole (111) for mounting a fastener (2), and the preset magnification ratio is a first distance H 1 between the center line of the measuring rod (7) and the center line of the pin shaft (3) divided by a second distance H 2 between the center line of the first mounting hole (111) and the center line of the pin shaft (3).
10. An aircraft engine, comprising:
-a casing comprising a first casing (4) and a second casing (5), the first casing (4) having a first mounting flange (41) and the second casing (5) having a second mounting flange (51), the first casing (4) being axially butted with the second casing (5) by means of the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51); and
The casing axial force measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A measuring method based on the casing axial force measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising:
The two force transmission pieces (1) are hinged by adopting a pin shaft (3);
The first ends of the two force transfer pieces (1) are respectively arranged outside the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51), and are connected with the first mounting flange (41) and the second mounting flange (51) through fasteners (2);
two ends of the measuring rod (7) are respectively connected between the second ends of the two force transmission pieces (1);
and installing the strain detection piece (10) on the measuring rod (7) so as to detect the axial strain of the measuring rod (7) and obtain the axial force of the casing.
12. The measuring method according to claim 11, characterized in that the step of deriving the casing axial force from the axial strain of the measuring rod (7) comprises:
Detecting the temperature of the measuring rod (7) through a temperature detecting piece (8);
Before the measuring rod (7) is installed, mapping relations between the elongation of the measuring rod (7) at different temperatures, the temperature value and the axial strain are marked according to the temperature value and the axial strain;
In the actual measurement process, the elongation of the measuring rod (7) is obtained according to the mapping relation, the temperature value and the axial strain, so that the axial force of the case is obtained according to the elongation of the measuring rod (7).
13. The measuring method according to claim 12, characterized in that the step of deriving the casing axial force from the measurement of the elongation of the rod (7) comprises:
Obtaining the elongation of the fastener (2) according to the elongation of the measuring rod (7) and the preset amplification ratio;
-deriving a casing axial force from the axial stiffness of the single fastener (2), the stiffness of the first (41) and second (51) mounting flanges, the elongation of the fastener (2) and the total number of fasteners (2).
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| CN202110308181.4A CN115112279B (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Device and method for measuring axial force of casing and aeroengine |
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| CN202110308181.4A CN115112279B (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Device and method for measuring axial force of casing and aeroengine |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101432609A (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2009-05-13 | 泰科思有限责任公司 | Axial force transducer |
| CN205898081U (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-01-18 | 武汉工程大学 | High temperature flange angle of deflection amplifies formula measuring device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5777240A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1998-07-07 | The Montalvo Corporation | Load cell and load cell beam assembly |
| JP5204796B2 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-06-05 | 淳 今井 | Bolt axial force measuring method and bolt axial force measuring device |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101432609A (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2009-05-13 | 泰科思有限责任公司 | Axial force transducer |
| CN205898081U (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-01-18 | 武汉工程大学 | High temperature flange angle of deflection amplifies formula measuring device |
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