CN115111589A - Production line and treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash - Google Patents

Production line and treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115111589A
CN115111589A CN202210822697.5A CN202210822697A CN115111589A CN 115111589 A CN115111589 A CN 115111589A CN 202210822697 A CN202210822697 A CN 202210822697A CN 115111589 A CN115111589 A CN 115111589A
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aluminum ash
secondary aluminum
combustion
cooling
conveying
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Chinese (zh)
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陈嘉澍
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Foshan Bangquan Technology Co ltd
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Foshan Bangquan Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/60—Separating
    • F23G2201/602—Separating different sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/60—Separating
    • F23G2201/603—Separating recyclable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/80—Shredding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash, which is characterized by comprising a conveying device; the grinding device is used for grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, and the conveying device is connected with the grinding device; the material storage device is connected with the grinding device through a conveying device; the combustion device is used for treating secondary aluminum ash, a feeding device is arranged between the combustion device and the storage device, and the combustion device is connected with the storage device through the feeding device; the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the combustion device and is used for collecting part of heat generated by the combustion device for circulation; a cooling device connected to the high temperature heat exchanger; the dust removal device is connected with the cooling device; the dust removal device is provided with an exhaust device, and the exhaust device is used for discharging the materials processed by the dust removal device; the finished product treated by the method can be reused, and the economic value of the finished product is high.

Description

Production line and treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a production line and a treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash.
Background
Aluminum ash: is divided into primary aluminum ash and secondary aluminum ash.
Wherein, the secondary aluminum ash is: the waste after the primary aluminum ash is used for extracting the metal aluminum mainly comprises 30-70% of aluminum oxide, 5-30% of aluminum nitride, 1-10% of metal aluminum, 5-25% of salts and other components. According to the research result of the dangerous characteristics, the aluminum ash has obvious dangerous characteristics, particularly secondary aluminum ash. The secondary aluminum ash reacts with water to release a large amount of ammonia gas. Ammonia is an irritant gas, and can cause damage to human bodies and even death when the concentration of ammonia in air is high; the release of ammonia is harmful to the ecological environment and the health of life.
The toxic substances contained in the secondary aluminum ash are mainly fluoride, chloride and the like. Toxicity leaching experiments prove that the secondary aluminum ash has higher fluoride and chloride toxicity leaching concentration, and has leaching toxicity when exceeding the standard limit value. And the secondary aluminum ash has obvious chemical reactivity, toxic and harmful substances leach out toxicity and other dangerous characteristics, so the aluminum ash is listed in national hazardous waste records.
In recent years, the development of the aluminum industry in China has made a great progress, and meanwhile, the yield of aluminum ash is increased year by year, and statistics is carried out on the amount of secondary aluminum ash generated in China every year, wherein the amount of the secondary aluminum ash is about 100 ten thousand tons. With the collection of environmental protection tax, enterprises urgently need new technologies for consuming secondary aluminum ash on a large scale.
The secondary aluminum ash is very complex in component, wherein metal aluminum (3-9 wt.%) is tiny aluminum particles mixed in ash slag after ash frying treatment, and further recycling is difficult to realize through a chemical method or a physical method on the premise of considering recycling cost.
Through determination: the industrial secondary aluminum ash contains 3-9 wt.% of metal aluminum particles, 40-70 wt.% of aluminum oxide, 10-20 wt.% of soluble salts such as NaCl and KCl, and 5-10 wt.% of SiO 2 MgO, 3-6 wt.% of Na 3 AlF 6 、NaF、CaF 2 Isofluoride, and certain amount of AlN and Al 4 C 3 Etc., and may contain a small amount of heavy metals, sulfides, etc. Wherein the metal aluminum particles, AlN and Al 4 C 3 The like has high activity, can generate flammable and toxic gas when meeting water or in humid air, and has high environmental hazard; fluorine-containing compounds and a small amount of heavy metals have leachable toxicity, and cause serious pollution to water and air; soluble salts can easily enter rivers to cause environmental pollution; therefore, the aluminum ash is difficult to treat by the conventional landfill method.
At present, the processes for recycling aluminum oxide by harmlessly treating aluminum ash are mainly divided into a wet method and a dry method/fire method, and the traditional method for purifying metal from waste aluminum ash is mainly the wet method.
The waste aluminum ash metal is purified by adopting a traditional wet method, the obtained product is mainly alumina, a large amount of wastewater and solid waste are generated in the generation process, and secondary pollution is generated in the utilization process.
Based on the above, the invention provides a production line and a treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash, which aim to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a production line and a treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash comprises
A conveying device;
the grinding device is used for grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, and the conveying device is connected with the grinding device;
the material storage device is connected with the grinding device through a conveying device;
the combustion device is used for treating secondary aluminum ash, a feeding device is arranged between the combustion device and the storage device, and the combustion device is connected with the storage device through the feeding device;
the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the combustion device and is used for collecting part of heat generated by the combustion device for circulation;
the cooling device is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger and is used for cooling the material treated by the combustion device;
the dust removal device is connected with the cooling device; the dust removal device is provided with an exhaust device, and the exhaust device is used for discharging the materials processed by the dust removal device.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the storage device comprises a bin, and the bin is connected with the grinding device through a conveying device; the grinding device is used for grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, and the secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the storage bin through the conveying device to be stored.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the storage device further comprises a feeder, the feeder is connected with the bin through a conveying device, and the secondary aluminum ash in the bin is conveyed into the feeder; the feeding machine is connected with the combustion device through a feeding device; and the feeding device is used for conveying the secondary aluminum ash in the feeding machine into the combustion device for combustion.
The invention also comprises an oxygen production system, a first circulation cooling system and an air compression system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel of the combustion device is natural gas and oxygen; the oxygen generation system is connected with the combustion device through a pipeline; the oxygen generation system provides oxygen for the combustion device to carry out combustion reaction.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the combustion device is provided with a discharging device, and the discharging device is used for collecting secondary aluminum ash settled in the combustion device; the first circulating cooling system is connected with the discharging device and used for cooling secondary aluminum ash settled in the combustion device.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the combustion device is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger through a conveying device; the high-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a cooling fan, and the cooling fan is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger through an air pipe; the high-temperature heat exchanger is used for cooling the secondary aluminum ash and collecting part of heat generated by the combustion device for circulation.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the cooling device through a conveying device; and the cooling device is provided with a second circulating cooling system, and the secondary aluminum ash is cooled by the second circulating cooling system.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the cooling device is connected with the dust removal device through a conveying device; the dust removal device is connected with the exhaust device through the conveying device.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air compression system is connected to the feeding device and the dust removing device through pipes.
A secondary aluminum ash harmless treatment method comprises the following steps:
step 1, grinding and screening secondary aluminum ash: grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, screening out fine-particle secondary aluminum ash, and grinding the coarse-particle secondary aluminum ash again to form a cycle;
step 2, storing secondary aluminum ash: conveying the screened secondary aluminum ash to a storage bin through a conveying device for storage, and conveying the secondary aluminum ash in the storage bin to a feeder through the conveying device;
step 3, heating the combustion device: heating a combustion device by using natural gas and oxygen as fuels through a combustor to enable the temperature in the combustion device to reach 1300-1500 ℃, and keeping the temperature;
and 4, conveying secondary aluminum ash: the feeding machine continuously conveys the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device through the feeding device; when the feeding machine conveys the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device, the storage bin in the step 2 simultaneously supplements the secondary aluminum ash to the feeding machine to achieve conveying balance;
and 5, adding fuel to perform combustion reaction with the secondary aluminum ash: continuously adding natural gas, oxygen and secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device for combustion reaction to generate high-aluminum materials and salt substances;
step 6, waste heat recycling: conveying the high-alumina materials and salt substances generated after the reaction in the combustion device into a high-temperature heat exchanger for cooling, and collecting the generated waste heat for the step 3 to utilize, thereby reducing the combustion energy consumption;
and 7, cooling and settling: conveying the high-aluminum materials and salt substances in the high-temperature heat exchanger into a cooling device for cooling, cooling and separating out the salt substances in a high-temperature state to form salt particles or salt cakes;
step 8, dust removal and discharge: conveying the high-aluminum materials, salt particles or salt cakes in the cooling device into a dust removal device for dust removal and collection, removing dust from the flue gas generated during combustion to enable the flue gas to reach the emission standard, and finally discharging.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the storage bin in the step 2 is provided with a plurality of storage bins, wherein one storage bin stores calcium carbonate powder; when the secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the feeding machine from the storage bin, the calcium carbonate powder is also conveyed to the feeding machine simultaneously to be mixed with the secondary aluminum ash.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the step 5 comprises the following specific steps:
step 5.1, adding natural gas, oxygen with the oxygen content of less than 50% and secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device for combustion reaction, generating high-aluminum materials and salt substances after the combustion reaction, and conveying to step 6; wherein, part of the high-alumina materials can settle at the bottom of the combustion device;
step 5.2, collecting the high-aluminum material substances settled at the bottom of the combustion device, and conveying the high-aluminum material substances to a rolling type cooling collection box through a discharge device;
step 5.3, circularly cooling the rolling type cooling collecting box through heat conducting oil, and cooling the heat conducting oil and cooling water through non-contact heat exchange by a heat exchanger;
and 5.4, conveying the cooled high-aluminum material into a finished product bin for collection, checking whether the high-aluminum material is qualified or not, returning the unqualified high-aluminum material to the step 2, and forming a cycle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a production line and a treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash, and the production line and the treatment method have the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional wet method, the method has the advantages of no hydrogen discharge, and small occupied area under the condition of the same treatment amount.
2. Compared with the traditional dry method/fire method, the method has the advantages of low risk of furnace formation, good production continuity and high aluminum nitride conversion rate.
3. The finished product treated by the method can be reused, and the economic value of the finished product is high; the discharged flue gas reaches the standard, no waste water and waste residue are generated, and the method is environment-friendly.
4. Compared with the traditional wet method, the finished product is a dry powder high-aluminum material, is convenient to store and transport, and has high economic value in later-stage utilization.
5. Compared with the traditional wet method, the method has the advantages that no waste water is generated, and a very small amount of waste residue can be roasted again after being crushed again.
6. The reaction temperature in the roasting process is higher than 950 ℃, and the risk of excessive dioxin emission is low.
7. The invention is provided with the high-temperature waste heat recycling device, thereby improving the temperature of air entering the furnace and reducing the emission of waste heat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic overall flow chart of the present invention;
wherein: 1. the device comprises an air blower, 2, a conveying pipeline, 3, a grinding device, 4, a storage bin, 5, a feeder, 6, a combustion device, 7, a feeding device, 8, a high-temperature heat exchanger, 9, a cooling device, 10, a dust removal device, 11, an induced draft fan, 12, an exhaust funnel, 13, an oxygen generation system, 14, a first circulating cooling system, 15, an air compression system, 16, a second circulating cooling system, 17, a collection device, 18, a cooling fan, 19 and a discharge device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to FIG. 1, the invention provides a production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash, comprising
A conveying device; the conveying device comprises a blower 1 and a conveying pipeline 2; the blower 1 is used as a power source, and secondary aluminum ash is conveyed through the blower 1 and the conveying pipeline 2.
The grinding device 3 is used for grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, and the conveying device is connected with the high-aluminum material grinding device 3;
in particular, the grinding device 3 is connected to the conveying pipe 2.
The material storage device is connected with the grinding device 3 through a conveying device; the storage device comprises a bin 4 and a feeder 5;
specifically, the grinding device 3 is connected with a bin 4 through a conveying pipeline 2; the grinding device 3 conveys the ground secondary aluminum ash to a storage bin 4 through an air blower 1 and a conveying pipeline 2 for storage;
the storage bin 4 is connected with the feeding machine 5 through the conveying pipeline 2, and secondary aluminum ash in the storage bin 4 is conveyed to the feeding machine 5 through the air blower 1 to be stored, so that continuous feeding is facilitated.
The combustion device 6 is used for treating secondary aluminum ash, a feeding device 7 is arranged between the combustion device 6 and the storage device, and the combustion device 6 is connected with the storage device through the feeding device 7;
specifically, the feeding machine 5 is connected with the combustion device 6 through a feeding device 7; the feeding device 7 conveys the secondary aluminum ash in the feeding machine 5 into the combustion device 6 for combustion reaction in a blowing mode.
A high temperature heat exchanger 8 connected with the combustion device 6, wherein the high temperature heat exchanger 8 is used for collecting and circulating part of heat generated by the combustion device 6;
specifically, the combustion device 6 is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 through a conveying pipeline 2; conveying high-alumina materials and salt substances generated after combustion reaction in the combustion device 6 into a high-temperature heat exchanger 8 through a blower 1 for cooling and collecting part of heat generated by the combustion device 6 for circulation;
the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 is provided with a cooling fan 18, the cooling fan 18 is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 through an air pipe, and the cooling fan 18 assists the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 to cool high-aluminum materials and salt substances which are generated after a combustion reaction and have high aluminum content. The cooling device 9 is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger 8, and the cooling device 9 is used for cooling the material treated by the combustion device 6;
specifically, the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 is connected with the cooling device 9 through the conveying pipeline 2; the high-aluminum material and the salt substance cooled in the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 are conveyed into a cooling device 9 by an air blower 1 for cooling, and the salt substance in a high-temperature state is cooled and separated out to become salt particles or salt cakes.
A dust removing device 10 connected with the cooling device 9; the dust removal device 10 is provided with an exhaust device, and the exhaust device is used for discharging the materials processed by the dust removal device 10;
specifically, the cooling device 9 is connected with the dust removing device 10 through the conveying pipeline 2; conveying the high-aluminum materials, salt particles or salt cakes cooled in the cooling device 9 into a dust removal device 10 through an air blower 1 for dust removal, then settling at the bottom, and collecting through a collection device 17; and removing dust from the flue gas generated by combustion to make the flue gas reach the emission standard;
the exhaust device comprises an induced draft fan 11 and an exhaust funnel 12, and the induced draft fan 11 is connected with the dust removal device 10 through the conveying pipeline 2; the exhaust funnel 12 is connected with an induced draft fan 11; after the flue gas generated by combustion is treated by the dust removal device 10 and reaches the emission standard, the draught fan 11 is used for air draft and the exhaust funnel 12 is used for emission.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, an oxygen generation system 13 is provided, and the fuel of the combustion device 6 is natural gas and oxygen; oxygen system 13 and burner 6 pipe connection, oxygen system 13 provides oxygen for burner 6 and carries out combustion reaction.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a first circulating cooling system 14, a discharging device 19; the first circulating cooling system 14 comprises a roll-over cooling collection tank; when the combustion device 6 combusts secondary aluminum ash, partial substances are precipitated to the bottom, the precipitated substances are conveyed to the rolling type cooling collection box through the discharging device 19 to be cooled and collected, and the cooled substances are conveyed to the finished product bin 4 through the feeding machine 5 and the air blower 1 to be collected and stored.
The rolling type cooling collection box is cooled in a non-contact manner; specifically, the heat conduction oil is cooled by circulation of the heat conduction oil, and the heat conduction oil is subjected to non-contact heat exchange with cooling water through a heat exchanger.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, an air compression system 15 is provided, and the air compression system 15 is respectively connected with the feeding device 7 and the dust removal device 10 through pipelines;
when the feeding device 7 injects the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device 6, compressed air is provided by the air compression system 15 to provide power;
when the dust removing device 10 removes dust from the secondary aluminum ash and the high-aluminum material, the dust removing device 10 is shaken and beaten by compressed air.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a second circulating cooling system 16 is provided, and the second circulating cooling system 16 is connected with the cooling device 9 through a pipeline;
the second circulating cooling system 16 cools and reduces the temperature of the cooling device 9 through cooling water circulation.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a collecting device 17 is provided, and the high-temperature heat exchanger 8, the cooling device 9 and the dust removing device 10 are all provided with the collecting device 17;
when the high-temperature heat exchanger 8, the cooling device 9 and the dust removal device 10 are processed, part of substances can be precipitated at the bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger, and the substances precipitated at the bottom are collected by the collection device 17;
the material collected by the collecting device 17 installed in each device is checked to be qualified; the qualified finished product is conveyed to a finished product bin 4 for storage; and returning the unqualified products to the re-combustion reaction to achieve a cycle.
Example two:
referring to fig. 2, the harmless treatment method of the secondary aluminum ash comprises the following steps:
step 1, grinding and screening secondary aluminum ash: grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, screening out fine-particle secondary aluminum ash, and grinding the coarse-particle secondary aluminum ash again to form a cycle;
specifically, the primary aluminum ash is ground by a grinding device 3 to obtain secondary aluminum ash, and the secondary aluminum ash with the particle size smaller than 50 microns is screened out by adopting a winnowing method; and the secondary aluminum ash with the particle size larger than 50 mu m is ground and screened again to form a cycle.
Step 2, storing secondary aluminum ash: conveying the screened secondary aluminum ash to a storage bin 4 through a conveying device for storage, and conveying the secondary aluminum ash in the storage bin 4 to a feeding machine 5 through the conveying device;
specifically, the screened secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the storage bin 4 through the air blower 1 for storage, and the secondary aluminum ash in the storage bin 4 is conveyed to the feeding machine 5 through the air blower 1 for storage, so that continuous feeding is facilitated.
The plurality of the storage bins 4 are provided, calcium carbonate powder is stored in one of the storage bins 4, and when the secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the feeding machine 5 from the storage bins 4, the calcium carbonate powder is also conveyed to the feeding machine 5 at the same time and is mixed with the secondary aluminum ash. Step 3, heating the combustion device 6: heating the combustion device 6 by a combustion engine to make the temperature in the combustion device 6 reach 1300-1500 ℃, and keeping the temperature at the temperature;
specifically, the combustion device 6 is heated by a burner using natural gas and oxygen having an oxygen content of 50% or less as fuel, and the temperature in the combustion device 6 is maintained within a range of 1400 ± 10 ℃.
And 4, conveying secondary aluminum ash: the feeder 5 continuously conveys the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device 6 through the feeding device 7; when the feeder 5 conveys the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device 6, the bin 4 in the step 2 simultaneously supplements the secondary aluminum ash to the feeder 5, so that the conveying balance is achieved;
specifically, in feed arrangement 7 carried the secondary aluminium ash in feeder 5 into combustion apparatus 6 through the mode of jetting, when feeder 5 carried the secondary aluminium ash, feed bin 4 can supply the secondary aluminium ash to feeder 5 simultaneously, reached transport balance, made feeder 5 sustainable for combustion apparatus 6 feed, improved production efficiency.
And 5, adding fuel to perform combustion reaction with the secondary aluminum ash: adding natural gas, oxygen and secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device 6 to perform combustion reaction to generate high-aluminum materials and salt substances;
specifically, the secondary aluminum ash comprises the following main components: 30% -70%, aluminum nitride: 5% -30%, metal aluminum: 1% -10%, salts: 5-25% and other ingredients; the secondary aluminum ash also contains harmful substances such as fluorine, nitrogen and the like;
the following is the part of chemical reaction involved in the high temperature combustion of the secondary aluminum ash at 1400 ℃ in the combustion device 6:
Figure BDA0003742735090000101
2Al+N 2 →2AlN
2AlN+2O 2 →Al 2 O 3 +N 2 O
2AlN+5/2O 2 →Al 2 O 3 +2N 2
2AlN+7/2O 2 →Al 2 O 3 +2NO 2
2AlN+4O 2 →Al 2 O 3 +N 2 O 5
Al 4 C 3 +6O 2 →2Al 2 O 3 +3CO 2
Al 4 C 3 +9/2O 2 →2Al 2 O 3 +3CO 2
Al 4 C 3 +7/2N 2 →4AlN+3CN
Al 4 C 3 +7/2N 2 →4AlN+3/2C 2 N 2
Al 4 C 3 +12H 2 O→4Al(OH) 3 +3CH 4
NH 3 +NO→N 2 +H 2 O
2AlN+3O 2 ＝Al 2 O 3 +N 2 (1370 ℃ C. or higher and 1650 ℃ C. or lower)
4Al+6CO 2 →Al 4 C 3 +3CO
Mg+Al+O 2 →MgAlO 2 (spinel phase)
γ-Al 2 O 3 →α-Al 2 O 3 (corundum phase)
Dechlorination: during the combustion reaction, the added calcium carbonate powder reacts with chlorine and salts in the secondary aluminum ash to remove chlorine. The salt substance will be melted into gas under high temperature, such as: NaCl, KCl, Na 2 SO 4 、MgCl。
Fluorine fixation: the calcium carbonate powder can also decompose CaO and F after being heated - The reaction proceeds to fix fluorine.
The following are some of the chemical reactions involved:
CaCO 3 →CaO+CO 2
2CaO+4F - →CaF 2 +O 2 (fluorine fixation)
2H - +Cl - +ClO - →Cl 2 +H 2 O
Cl 2 +H 2 O→HCl+HClO
CaCO 3 +2HCl→CaCl 2 +CO 2 +H 2 O
And (3) pin removal: AlN contained in the secondary aluminum ash is itself a reducing substance, and NH is generated by reaction in the combustion apparatus 6 3 The nitrogen oxides are decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen. Al contained in secondary aluminum ash 4 C 3 ，Al 4 C 3 The reaction in the furnace produces methane, which is also a strong oxygen scavenger, which hinders the incorporation of nitrogen oxides; the secondary aluminum ash contains metallic aluminum, which is also an oxygen-capturing reducing agent, and which inhibits the bonding of nitrogen oxides.
Step 6, waste heat recycling: conveying the high-alumina materials and salt substances generated after the reaction in the combustion device 6 into the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 for cooling, and collecting the generated waste heat for the step 3 to utilize, thereby reducing the combustion energy consumption;
specifically, the high-aluminum materials, salt substances and gas generated after the reaction in the combustion device 6 are cooled in the high-temperature heat exchanger 8, and part of the high-aluminum materials are settled at the bottom and collected by the collecting device 17; and the generated waste heat is conveyed back to the step 3 through the conveying pipeline 2, so that the combustion energy consumption is reduced.
And 7, cooling and settling: the high-aluminum material, the salt substances and the gas in the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 are conveyed into a cooling device 9 for cooling, and the salt substances in a high-temperature state are cooled and separated out to become salt particles or salt cakes.
Step 8, dust removal and discharge: conveying the high-aluminum materials, salt particles or salt cakes in the cooling device 9 into a dust removal device 10 for dust removal and collection, removing dust from the flue gas generated during combustion to enable the flue gas to reach the emission standard, and finally discharging;
specifically, during cooling and sedimentation, most of the high-aluminum materials and salt substances can be settled at the bottom of the cooling device 9 and collected by the collecting device 17; a small part of the dust is conveyed into a dust removal device 10 through a blower 1 for dust removal; meanwhile, the flue gas generated during the front combustion is also conveyed into the dust removal device 10 for dust removal after heat exchange and cooling, so that the flue gas reaches the emission standard.
After dedusting, the high-aluminum materials and the salt substances settle at the bottom of the dedusting device 10 and are collected by a collecting device 17; and after the flue gas generated during combustion is dedusted, the flue gas is discharged to the outside through the induced draft fan 11 and the exhaust funnel 12.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a plurality of bins 4 are arranged in the step 2, wherein one bin is used for storing calcium carbonate powder; when the secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the feeding machine 5 from the bin 4, the calcium carbonate powder is also conveyed to the feeding machine 5 to be mixed with the secondary aluminum ash.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the step 5 comprises the following specific steps:
step 5.1, adding natural gas, oxygen with the oxygen content of less than 50% and secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device 6 for combustion reaction, generating high-aluminum materials and salt substances after the combustion reaction, and conveying the high-aluminum materials and the salt substances to the step 6; wherein, part of the high-alumina materials can settle at the bottom of the combustion device 6;
step 5.2, collecting the high-aluminum material settled at the bottom of the combustion device 6, and conveying the high-aluminum material to a rolling type cooling collection box through a discharge device 19;
step 5.3, circularly cooling the rolling type cooling collecting box through heat conducting oil, and cooling the heat conducting oil and cooling water through non-contact heat exchange by a heat exchanger;
and 5.4, conveying the cooled high-aluminum material into a finished product bin 4 for collection, checking whether the high-aluminum material is qualified or not, returning the unqualified high-aluminum material to the step 2, and forming a cycle.
Example three:
take a single production line and annual treatment of 2.5 ten thousand tons of secondary aluminum ash as an example:
the blower 1 adopts a Roots blower; the grinding device 3 is a ball mill; the specification of the storage bin 4 is phi 3000 multiplied by 7000 and the capacity is 22m 3 (ii) a The storage capacity of a hopper of the feeder 5 is 800 kg; the combustion device 6 is a 4T combustion furnace and is provided with four combustion engines; the cooling device 9 is a cooling settling tower, and the dust removal device 10 is a bag type dust remover;
grinding the primary aluminum ash into secondary aluminum ash by a ball mill, screening the secondary aluminum ash with the particle size less than 50 microns by adopting a winnowing method, and grinding the secondary aluminum ash with the particle size greater than 50 microns again; pumping the screened secondary aluminum ash into a storage bin 4 through a conveying pipeline 2 by using a Roots blower, and storing the secondary aluminum ash, wherein the Roots blower is controlled by a frequency converter, and the variable frequency Hertz number is 0-50 Hz, so that the pumping speed can be controlled; the bin 4 is provided with a material level indicator, the secondary aluminum ash exceeds the material level indicator, the Roots blower stops working, the secondary aluminum ash is lower than the material level indicator, and the Roots blower works until the bin is full.
Pumping the secondary aluminum ash in the bin 4 into a hopper of a feeder 5 for later use through a Roots blower via a conveying pipeline 2, wherein the Roots blower is controlled by a frequency converter, the frequency conversion Hertz number is 0-50 Hz, and the hopper of the feeder 5 is also provided with a material level indicator;
the feeding machines 5 are provided with four feeding machines in total, wherein three feeding machines are used for storing secondary aluminum ash, and the other feeding machine is used for storing calcium carbonate powder.
Heating the combustion furnace by four burners, wherein the fuel is natural gas, the burners are adjusted to a big fire switch, and the gas consumption is about 70m at the moment 3 H, about 2h, in a combustion furnaceThe temperature reaches about 1400 +/-10 ℃; the combustion furnace is provided with a temperature probe for feeding back a temperature signal, the combustion machine is automatically adjusted to a small fire switch after the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, and the gas consumption is about 10m at the moment 3 H, preserving the heat in the combustion furnace; when the temperature is lower than 1400 ℃, the temperature probe feeds back a signal, the burner automatically converts into a big fire for heating, and the circulation is carried out so as to ensure that the temperature in the burner is kept at about 1400 +/-10 ℃.
Blowing and conveying the secondary aluminum ash and calcium carbonate powder in the feeder 5 into a combustion furnace through a feeding device 7; the four feeding machines 5 are controlled by frequency converters, the frequency conversion Hertz number is 30Hz, the conveying amount of the secondary aluminum ash is 60Kg/min, and the conveying amount of the calcium carbonate powder is 5Kg/min, so that the secondary aluminum ash and the calcium carbonate powder are mixed and react in a combustion furnace at about 1400 ℃; wherein the calcium carbonate powder is used for fluorine fixation in the combustion furnace.
The mixture of the secondary aluminum ash and the calcium carbonate powder is sprayed into the combustion furnace through compressed air, and the transmission path in the combustion furnace is about 3.8 m; the pressure for injecting the material is controlled by a precise pressure regulating valve, so that the injection speed of the material is controlled to be about 0.76m/s, the combustion reaction time is 5s, the reaction time is controllable, the pressure can be changed, the precise pressure regulating valve is regulated, and the material supply amount is controlled to ensure the complete combustion reaction of the aluminum ash.
The combustion furnace is used for continuous batch production, secondary aluminum ash in the same batch is firstly pumped into a storage bin from the storage bin 4 and then is pumped into a hopper of a feeder 5, the secondary aluminum ash is sprayed into the combustion furnace with the temperature up to the standard in a powder-like form in a spraying mode to be heated and combusted, and the shutdown combustion time of the secondary aluminum ash is 5 s; the combustion furnace bottom is equipped with discharge device 19, will deposit in the high-alumina material of combustion furnace bottom and collect, then cool off to carry to the finished product feed bin through the pipeline after the certain degree, inspect whether qualified, if unqualified then return to and burn again.
High-aluminum materials, salt substances and generated flue gas generated after high-temperature combustion in the combustion furnace enter the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 through the conveying pipeline 2 to be cooled and waste heat is recycled through heat exchange, so that the energy consumption is reduced when the combustion furnace is heated;
the bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 is provided with a settling chamber, part of the high-alumina material conveyed by the combustion furnace can settle in the settling chamber, and the high-alumina material is collected by a collecting device 17 arranged at the bottom; and conveying the rest materials into a cooling settling tower after heat exchange.
The melting point of the salt substance is about 802 ℃, and the boiling point is about 1465 ℃, so the salt substance can pass through the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 in the form of salt steam in the combustion furnace, enter the cooling settling tower, and rapidly cool in the cooling settling tower, and the salt steam is crystallized and separated at the temperature lower than 740 ℃ and becomes salt grains or salt cakes to be collected; most of high-aluminum materials and salt substances are treated by a cooling settling tower, settled in a settling chamber at the bottom and collected by a collecting device 17; a small part of the waste water enters a bag type dust collector.
The materials entering the bag type dust collector, except part of high-aluminum materials and salt materials, also include flue gas generated during combustion, and the flue gas also enters the bag type dust collector after passing through the high-temperature heat exchanger 8 and the cooling settling tower.
The maximum air volume of the bag type dust collector is 30000m 3 Per hour, the filter area is 750 square meters, the filter wind speed is less than or equal to 0.67m/min, the number of filter bags is 300, the specification of the filter bags is phi 160 multiplied by 5000mm, the material of the filter bags is FMS, the thickness of the filter bags is 2.0mm, the specification of pulse electromagnetic valves is DCF-Z-50S,24V50Hz, the number of the pulse electromagnetic valves is 30, the pressure of an ash removal medium air source is 0.35-0.6 MPa, and the energy consumption of the ash removal medium air source is 1.0m 3 Min, the dust collector gas distribution ratio is 0.7.
The cloth bag type dust collector removes dust from the cooled high-aluminum materials and salt substances, and then the high-aluminum materials and the salt substances are settled at the bottom and are collected by a collecting device 17; and dedusting the cooled flue gas to enable the cooled flue gas to reach the emission standard, and then discharging the flue gas to the outside through a draught fan 11 and an exhaust funnel 12.
The combustion furnace, the high-temperature heat exchanger 8, the cooling settling tower and the bag type dust collector, the ratio of the materials collected by each part is as follows:
Figure BDA0003742735090000151
all parts of the whole production line are connected through a conveying pipeline 2, and conveying power is derived from an air blower 1 and an induced draft fan 11; the high-aluminum materials collected by the settlement of each part are unqualified in detection and can be re-fired, and the whole production flow is a recyclable process.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash is characterized by comprising
A conveying device;
the grinding device is used for grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, and the conveying device is connected with the grinding device;
the material storage device is connected with the grinding device through a conveying device;
the combustion device is used for treating secondary aluminum ash, a feeding device is arranged between the combustion device and the storage device, and the combustion device is connected with the storage device through the feeding device;
the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the combustion device and is used for collecting part of heat generated by the combustion device for circulation;
the cooling device is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger and is used for cooling the material treated by the combustion device;
the dust removal device is connected with the cooling device; the dust removal device is provided with an exhaust device, and the exhaust device is used for discharging the materials processed by the dust removal device.
2. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises a bin, and the bin is connected with the grinding device through a conveying device; the grinding device is used for grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, and the secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the storage bin through the conveying device to be stored.
3. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 2, wherein the storage device further comprises a feeder, the feeder is connected with the bin through a conveying device, and the secondary aluminum ash in the bin is conveyed into the feeder; the feeding machine is connected with the combustion device through a feeding device; and the feeding device is used for conveying the secondary aluminum ash in the feeding machine into the combustion device for combustion.
4. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash according to claim 1, further comprising an oxygen production system, a first circulating cooling system and an air compression system.
5. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fuel of the combustion device is natural gas and oxygen; the oxygen generation system is connected with the combustion device through a pipeline; the oxygen generation system provides oxygen for the combustion device to carry out combustion reaction.
6. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 5, wherein the combustion device is provided with a discharging device for collecting secondary aluminum ash settled in the combustion device; the first circulating cooling system is connected with the discharging device and used for cooling secondary aluminum ash settled in the combustion device.
7. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 3 or 6, wherein the combustion device is connected with the high temperature heat exchanger through a conveying device; the high-temperature heat exchanger is provided with a cooling fan, and the cooling fan is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger through an air pipe; the high-temperature heat exchanger is used for cooling the secondary aluminum ash and collecting part of heat generated by the combustion device for circulation.
8. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 7, wherein the high temperature heat exchanger is connected with a cooling device through a conveying device; and the cooling device is provided with a second circulating cooling system, and the secondary aluminum ash is cooled by the second circulating cooling system.
9. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cooling device is connected with the dust removing device through a conveying device; the dust removal device is connected with the exhaust device through the conveying device.
10. The production line for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash as claimed in claim 4, wherein the air compression system is respectively connected with the feeding device and the dust removal device through pipelines.
11. A secondary aluminum ash harmless treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, grinding and screening secondary aluminum ash: grinding the primary aluminum ash to form secondary aluminum ash, screening out fine-particle secondary aluminum ash, and grinding the coarse-particle secondary aluminum ash again to form a cycle;
step 2, storing secondary aluminum ash: conveying the screened secondary aluminum ash into a storage bin through a conveying device for storage, and conveying the secondary aluminum ash in the storage bin into a feeder through the conveying device;
step 3, heating the combustion device: heating a combustion device by using natural gas and oxygen as fuels through a combustor to enable the temperature in the combustion device to reach 1300-1500 ℃, and keeping the temperature;
and 4, conveying secondary aluminum ash: the feeding machine continuously conveys the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device through the feeding device; when the feeding machine conveys the secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device, the storage bin in the step 2 simultaneously supplements the secondary aluminum ash to the feeding machine, so that the conveying balance is achieved;
and 5, adding fuel to perform combustion reaction with the secondary aluminum ash: continuously adding natural gas, oxygen and secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device for combustion reaction to generate high-aluminum materials and salt substances;
step 6, waste heat recycling: conveying the high-alumina materials and salt substances generated after the reaction in the combustion device into a high-temperature heat exchanger for cooling, and collecting the generated waste heat for the step 3 to utilize, thereby reducing the combustion energy consumption;
and 7, cooling and settling: conveying the high-aluminum materials and salt substances in the high-temperature heat exchanger into a cooling device for cooling, and cooling and separating out the salt substances in a high-temperature state to obtain salt particles or salt cakes;
step 8, dust removal and discharge: conveying the high-aluminum materials, salt particles or salt cakes in the cooling device into a dust removal device for dust removal and collection, removing dust from the flue gas generated during combustion to enable the flue gas to reach the emission standard, and finally discharging.
12. The harmless treatment method of secondary aluminum ash according to claim 11, wherein the storage bin of step 2 is provided with a plurality of storage bins, one of which stores calcium carbonate powder; when the secondary aluminum ash is conveyed to the feeding machine from the storage bin, the calcium carbonate powder is also conveyed to the feeding machine simultaneously to be mixed with the secondary aluminum ash.
13. The harmless treatment method of secondary aluminum ash according to claim 11, characterized in that the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, adding natural gas, oxygen with the oxygen content of less than 50% and secondary aluminum ash into the combustion device for combustion reaction, generating high-aluminum materials and salt substances after the combustion reaction, and conveying to step 6; wherein, part of the high-alumina materials can settle at the bottom of the combustion device;
step 5.2, collecting the high-aluminum material settled at the bottom of the combustion device, and conveying the high-aluminum material to a rolling type cooling collection box through a discharging device;
step 5.3, circularly cooling the rolling type cooling collecting box through heat conducting oil, and cooling the heat conducting oil and cooling water through non-contact heat exchange by a heat exchanger;
and 5.4, conveying the cooled high-aluminum material into a finished product bin for collection, checking whether the high-aluminum material is qualified or not, returning the unqualified high-aluminum material to the step 2, and forming a cycle.
CN202210822697.5A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Production line and treatment method for harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash Pending CN115111589A (en)

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