CN115109298A - Flame-retardant polystyrene composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flame-retardant polystyrene composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material has good flame retardance and excellent mechanical strength, and can be used for preparing building heat-insulating materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of polystyrene composite materials, and particularly relates to a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to realize energy conservation and heat preservation, the building outer wall is usually made of benzene boards and other materials which have good heat preservation performance, but are easy to age and have short service life under the combined action of cold and hot alternation, water, air and the like. The heat insulation material is manufactured into the wall body, so that a good solution is provided. The polystyrene foam material is an excellent substitute, has high strength, light weight and excellent heat preservation and insulation performance, and is a very popular building heat preservation material at present.
Polystyrene is a polymer synthesized by styrene monomer through free radical addition polymerization, is usually an amorphous random polymer, is nontoxic, odorless, colorless and transparent, has a glass transition temperature higher than 100 ℃, has excellent heat insulation, insulation and transparency, and has good processability and chemical corrosion resistance, but is brittle and easy to crack at low temperature. The polystyrene comprises common polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, high impact polystyrene and syndiotactic polystyrene, wherein the expanded polystyrene has low density, strong oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, has wide application in the aspects of heat resistance, cold resistance, moisture resistance, shock resistance, oxidation resistance, noise resistance and the like, and can be used for preparing building heat-insulating materials.
The polystyrene foam material is used for preparing a building heat-insulating material, the most important performance indexes are low thermal conductivity and good mechanical property, an inorganic filler is introduced into the traditional polystyrene foam material for improving the mechanical property, however, the compatibility of the inorganic filler and a polymer matrix is poor, the stability of a finished product is easily reduced, and the performance of the product is reduced.
In addition, the polystyrene is easy to burn, and generates a large amount of molten drops during burning, and a large amount of black smoke is accompanied, so that the life and property safety of people are greatly threatened, and the fire-fighting risk is high when the existing polystyrene foam material is directly used for preparing the building heat-insulating material. Therefore, the polystyrene foam material must be subjected to flame retardant treatment to be used for preparing the building thermal insulation material.
The flame retardant commonly used for polystyrene mainly comprises red phosphorus, ATH, MH, APP, aluminum hypophosphite, EG and the like, and the flame-retardant polystyrene can be prepared by a melting processing method. However, flame-retardant polystyrene prepared by melt processing still has some disadvantages, such as secondary processing of the material, and the polystyrene is synthesized by polymerization of monomers and then processed. In the processing process, the flame retardant is difficult to achieve a good dispersion effect, and the flame retardant effect and the mechanical strength are influenced.
Patent application CN102503519A discloses a composite building insulation material. The building heat-insulating material is a wall filling material, and the composite building heat-insulating material filling material is prepared by fully stirring, pouring and maintaining polystyrene powder particles and foam concrete or polyurethane powder particles and foam concrete, wherein the polystyrene powder particles can be crushed waste polystyrene products, and the polyurethane powder particles can be crushed waste polyurethane products. The building thermal insulation material obtained by the patent technology has no flame retardance, great fire risk and common mechanical strength.
Patent application CN112497588A discloses a method for preparing crosslinked polystyrene building thermal insulation material, which comprises the steps of crushing polystyrene raw materials, granulating, screening particle sizes and filtering impurities, thus obtaining polystyrene particles, heating and melting the polystyrene particles, adding a corresponding amount of cross-linking agent to obtain polystyrene molten mass, cooling, molding, cutting and packaging the polystyrene melt to obtain the polystyrene building heat-insulating board, which controls the crosslinking crystallization degree in the polystyrene by controlling the addition amount of a crosslinking agent and improves the heat retaining property of the polystyrene by forming fine bubbles in the polystyrene, therefore, the polystyrene building heat-insulating plate which can be assembled and spliced in any form, is simple to manufacture and has low manufacturing cost is obtained. The patent technology does not carry out flame retardant treatment, and the flame retardant effect of the product is common.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material has good flame retardance and excellent mechanical strength, and can be used for preparing building heat-insulating materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) carrying out esterification reaction on 2-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 5-6 parts of phytic acid to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol, and then uniformly mixing the grafted polyvinyl alcohol and 1.5-2.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix;
(2) coating the premix by using polystyrene to obtain a coated premix;
(3) and (3) uniformly stirring 8-10 parts of the coating premix and 350-400 parts of polystyrene, adding 2.5-3.5 parts of a foaming agent and 2-3 parts of perfluorohexanone, uniformly stirring, placing in a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for swelling, releasing pressure and foaming to obtain the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material.
Preferably, in step (1), the preparation method of the grafted polyvinyl alcohol is as follows: firstly, heating and dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, then adding phytic acid and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and mixing uniformly, keeping the temperature and stirring for 3-4 hours at the temperature of 65-75 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain the grafted polyvinyl alcohol.
More preferably, the dosage of the deionized water, the 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the absolute ethyl alcohol is respectively 25-30 times, 0.8-1.2 times and 35-40 times of the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, in the step (1), the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1800-2000.
Preferably, in the step (1), the preparation method of the carboxymethyl cellulose cerium is as follows: dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to prepare a sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%, dissolving cerium nitrate in water to prepare a cerium nitrate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%, dropwise adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution while stirring, continuously stirring for 10-15 minutes after dropwise adding is finished, filtering to obtain a solid, drying, and crushing to obtain the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the cerium nitrate is 1: 1.5 to 2.
Preferably, the specific method of the step (2) comprises the following steps in parts by weight: firstly, dissolving 9-12 parts of polystyrene by using 200-250 parts of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, then adding 7.5-11.5 parts of premix into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 220-260 parts of n-hexane, separating out the polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the premix to form a coating layer, centrifuging to take out a precipitate, and drying to obtain the coated premix.
Preferably, in the step (3), the foaming agent is a mixture of n-pentane and isopentane according to a mass ratio of 3-4: 6-7, and mixing.
Preferably, in the step (3), the swelling process conditions are as follows: swelling for 2-3 hours at 40-50 ℃ and under the condition of 25-35 MPa of carbon dioxide.
Preferably, in the step (3), the pressure is released to atmospheric pressure at 8-10 MPa/s.
Preferably, in the step (3), the foaming conditions are as follows: the temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the pressure is 0.02-0.03 MPa.
The flame-retardant polystyrene composite material is prepared by the preparation method.
The application of the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material in the preparation of building heat-insulating materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out esterification reaction on polyvinyl alcohol and phytic acid to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol, then uniformly mixing the polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix, then coating the premix by using polystyrene to obtain a coated premix, then mixing the coated premix with polystyrene, a foaming agent and perfluorohexanone, swelling by supercritical carbon dioxide, releasing pressure and foaming to obtain the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material. The composite material has good flame retardance and excellent mechanical strength, and can be used for preparing building heat-insulating materials.
1. The polyvinyl alcohol forms a covering layer in the combustion process, and combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition of the high polymer material is difficult to escape, so that the combustion process is stopped due to oxygen-free supplement, the air isolation effect is realized, the material cracking is inhibited, and the flame retardant effect is realized. The phytic acid consists of 6 phosphate groups, has high phosphorus content, can generate acid substances such as metaphosphoric acid and the like by thermal decomposition, promotes the formation of a carbon layer, reduces the heat transfer efficiency, effectively inhibits the generation of volatile substances in a gas phase, and has good flame retardant property. According to the invention, the grafted polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by esterification of polyvinyl alcohol and phytic acid, and the flame retardant effect is better under the synergistic effect.
2. The carboxymethyl cellulose cerium is prepared by taking sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and cerium nitrate as raw materials, contains a large amount of hydroxyl, has a synergistic flame retardant effect on grafted polyvinyl alcohol, and further improves the flame retardant effect of the product. Meanwhile, the carboxymethyl cellulose cerium also has a certain reinforcing effect, which is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical property of the product.
3. The invention coats the premix with polystyrene, so that the surface of the premix is coated with a layer of polystyrene, the dispersity of the premix in the polystyrene is improved, and the mechanical strength and the flame retardance of the product are ensured.
4. The invention adds foaming agent and perfluorohexanone into the mixture of polystyrene and coating premix, swells in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, and foams after pressure relief. The perfluorohexanone has low boiling point, can promote foaming by cooperating with a foaming agent, and optimizes the bubble structure of the obtained product. The perfluorohexanone can also quickly reduce the temperature of a fire scene and inhibit combustion, and a small amount of residual perfluorohexanone in formed bubbles can synergistically play a role in flame retardance. After the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid swells, the pressure is relieved and the foaming is carried out, so that the full mixing of the materials is promoted, the mechanical strength of the product is ensured, and the flame retardant effect of the product is further improved.
5. Because the premix is coated by the polystyrene, the coating premix is uniformly dispersed in a system in the foaming process of the polystyrene, so that the flame retardance can be better exerted, the flame retardant effect is improved, and the mechanical strength of a product is not influenced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
All commodities are purchased through market channels unless specially stated.
Example 1
A preparation method of a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to prepare a sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2%, dissolving cerium nitrate in water to prepare a cerium nitrate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2%, dropwise adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution while stirring, continuously stirring for 10 minutes after dropwise adding is finished, filtering to obtain a solid, drying and crushing to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose cerium; the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the cerium nitrate is 1: 1.5;
heating and dissolving 2g of polyvinyl alcohol (with the polymerization degree of 1800) in 50g of deionized water, then adding 5g of phytic acid and 1.6g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature and stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 70g of anhydrous ethanol, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol; uniformly mixing the obtained grafted polyvinyl alcohol with 1.5g of carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix;
(2) dissolving 9g of polystyrene by using 200g of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, adding 7.5g of premix into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 220g of n-hexane, separating out the polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the premix to form a coating layer, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain a coated premix;
(3) and then 8g of the coating premix and 350g of polystyrene are uniformly stirred, 2.5g of a foaming agent (obtained by mixing n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 3: 6) and 2g of perfluorohexanone are added, uniformly stirred, placed in a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for swelling, and subjected to pressure relief to atmospheric pressure at 8MPa/s, and foamed to obtain the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material.
Wherein, in the step (3), the swelling process conditions are as follows: swelling for 2 hours at 40 ℃ and 25MPa in carbon dioxide; the foaming conditions were: the temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 0.02 MPa.
Example 2
A preparation method of a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to prepare sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.3%, dissolving cerium nitrate in water to prepare cerium nitrate aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.3%, dropwise adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution while stirring, continuously stirring for 15 minutes after dropwise adding is finished, filtering to obtain solid, drying, and crushing to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose cerium; the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the cerium nitrate is 1: 2;
heating and dissolving 3g of polyvinyl alcohol (with the polymerization degree of 2000) in 90g of deionized water, then adding 6g of phytic acid and 3.6g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature and stirring for 4 hours at 75 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 120g of anhydrous ethanol, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol; uniformly mixing the obtained grafted polyvinyl alcohol with 2.5g of carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix;
(2) dissolving 12g of polystyrene by using 250g of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, adding 11.5g of premix into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 260g of n-hexane, separating out the polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the premix to form a coating layer, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain a coated premix;
(3) and then, uniformly stirring 10g of the coating premix and 400g of polystyrene, adding 3.5g of a foaming agent (obtained by mixing n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4: 7) and 3g of perfluorohexanone, uniformly stirring, placing in a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for swelling, releasing the pressure to atmospheric pressure at 10MPa/s, and foaming to obtain the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material.
Wherein, in the step (3), the swelling process conditions are as follows: swelling for 3 hours at 50 ℃ and 35MPa in carbon dioxide; the foaming conditions were: the temperature is 120 ℃, and the pressure is 0.03 MPa.
Example 3
A preparation method of a flame-retardant polystyrene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to prepare sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.25%, dissolving cerium nitrate in water to prepare cerium nitrate aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.25%, dropwise adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution while stirring, continuously stirring for 12 minutes after dropwise adding is finished, filtering to obtain solid, drying, and crushing to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose cerium; the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the cerium nitrate is 1: 1.8;
heating and dissolving 2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol (with the polymerization degree of 1900) in 70g of deionized water, then adding 5.5g of phytic acid and 2.8g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature and stirring for 3.5 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol; uniformly mixing the obtained grafted polyvinyl alcohol with 2g of carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix;
(2) dissolving 10g of polystyrene by using 220g of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, then adding 10g of premix into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 240g of n-hexane, separating out the polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the premix to form a coating layer, centrifuging, taking the precipitate, and drying to obtain a coated premix;
(3) and then, uniformly stirring 9g of the coating premix and 380g of polystyrene, adding 3g of a foaming agent (obtained by mixing n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 3.5: 6.5) and 2.5g of perfluorohexanone, uniformly stirring, placing in a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for swelling, releasing the pressure to atmospheric pressure at 9MPa/s, and foaming to obtain the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material.
Wherein, in the step (3), the swelling process conditions are as follows: swelling for 2.5 hours at 45 ℃ and 30MPa in carbon dioxide; the foaming conditions were: the temperature is 110 ℃, and the pressure is 0.03 MPa.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a polystyrene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) heating and dissolving 2g of polyvinyl alcohol (with the polymerization degree of 1800) in 50g of deionized water, then adding 5g of phytic acid and 1.6g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature and stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 70g of anhydrous ethanol, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol;
(2) dissolving 9g of polystyrene by using 200g of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, adding 7.5g of grafted polyvinyl alcohol into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 220g of n-hexane, separating out polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the grafted polyvinyl alcohol to form a coating layer, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain a coating premix;
(3) and then 8g of the coating premix and 350g of polystyrene are taken and uniformly stirred, then 2.5g of foaming agent (obtained by mixing n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 3: 6) and 2g of perfluorohexanone are added, uniformly stirred, placed in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for swelling, and released to atmospheric pressure at the pressure of 8MPa/s, and foamed, thus obtaining the polystyrene composite material.
Wherein, in the step (3), the swelling process conditions are as follows: swelling for 2 hours at 40 ℃ and 25MPa in carbon dioxide; the foaming conditions were: the temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 0.02 MPa.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a polystyrene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to prepare a sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2%, dissolving cerium nitrate in water to prepare a cerium nitrate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2%, dropwise adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution while stirring, continuously stirring for 10 minutes after dropwise adding is finished, filtering to obtain a solid, drying and crushing to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose cerium; the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the cerium nitrate is 1: 1.5;
heating and dissolving 2g of polyvinyl alcohol (with the polymerization degree of 1800) in 50g of deionized water, then adding 5g of phytic acid and 1.6g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature and stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 70g of anhydrous ethanol, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol; uniformly mixing the obtained grafted polyvinyl alcohol with 1.5g of carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix;
(2) dissolving 9g of polystyrene by using 200g of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, adding 7.5g of premix into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 220g of n-hexane, separating out the polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the premix to form a coating layer, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain a coated premix;
(3) then 8g of the coating premix and 350g of polystyrene are taken and uniformly stirred, then 2.5g of foaming agent (obtained by mixing n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 3: 6) and 2g of perfluorohexanone are added, uniformly stirred and foamed, and the polystyrene composite material is obtained.
Wherein, in the step (3), the foaming conditions are as follows: the temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 0.02 MPa.
The performance of the polystyrene composite materials obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 is respectively inspected, and the specific method is as follows:
1. mechanical strength:
the compression strength is tested by referring to GB/T8813-2020 determination of compression performance of rigid foam,
2. flame retardancy:
the flame retardant rating is tested with reference to the UL94 standard.
The limiting oxygen index was tested with reference to astm d 2863.
Total heat release analysis: the test was carried out using a cone calorimeter manufactured by FTT, UK. The irradiation power is 35kW/m 2 The test is carried out according to ISO5660-1: 2002.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
| Compressive Strength (MPa) | Flame retardant rating | Limiting oxygen index (%) | Total Heat Release (MJ/m) 2 ) | |
| Example 1 | 0.26 | V-0 | 38.7 | 57 |
| Example 2 | 0.26 | V-0 | 38.9 | 60 |
| Example 3 | 0.28 | V-0 | 38.3 | 55 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.15 | V-1 | 25.5 | 78 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.21 | V-0 | 28.6 | 73 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the styrene composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 have good flame retardant rating, high limiting oxygen index, high temperature at the maximum thermal weight loss rate, and small mass loss rate at the temperature, which indicates that the styrene composite materials have good flame retardancy; the high compression strength shows that the material has good mechanical properties and can be used for preparing building heat-insulating materials.
The carboxymethyl cellulose cerium is omitted in comparative example 1, the swelling treatment of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is omitted in comparative example 2, the mechanical strength and the flame retardance of the obtained product are obviously poor, the carboxymethyl cellulose cerium and other components synergistically improve the flame retardance and play a role in reinforcement, and the swelling treatment of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is beneficial to uniform dispersion of all components, so that the flame retardance and the mechanical strength are improved.
The technical idea of the present invention is illustrated by the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must depend on the above embodiments to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of individual materials for the product of the present invention and addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) carrying out esterification reaction on 2-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 5-6 parts of phytic acid to obtain grafted polyvinyl alcohol, and then uniformly mixing the grafted polyvinyl alcohol and 1.5-2.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose cerium to obtain a premix;
(2) coating the premix by using polystyrene to obtain a coated premix;
(3) and (2) uniformly stirring 8-10 parts of the coating premix and 350-400 parts of polystyrene, adding 2.5-3.5 parts of foaming agent and 2-3 parts of perfluorohexanone, uniformly stirring, placing in a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for swelling, releasing pressure and foaming to obtain the flame-retardant polystyrene composite material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grafted polyvinyl alcohol is prepared in step (1) as follows: heating and dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, adding phytic acid and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring and mixing uniformly, keeping the temperature and stirring for 3-4 hours at the temperature of 65-75 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, drying and crushing to obtain the grafted polyvinyl alcohol.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1800 to 2000.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carboxymethyl cellulose cerium is prepared as follows in the step (1): dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to prepare a sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%, dissolving cerium nitrate in water to prepare a cerium nitrate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%, dropwise adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution while stirring, continuously stirring for 10-15 minutes after dropwise adding is finished, filtering to obtain a solid, drying, and crushing to obtain the cerium nitrate aqueous solution.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the step (2) comprises the following steps in parts by weight: dissolving 9-12 parts of polystyrene by using 200-250 parts of ethyl acetate to prepare a polystyrene solution, adding 7.5-11.5 parts of premix into the polystyrene solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dropwise adding 220-260 parts of n-hexane, separating out the polystyrene from the mixed solution, coating the polystyrene on the surface of the premix to form a coating layer, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain the coated premix.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the foaming agent is n-pentane and isopentane in a mass ratio of 3-4: 6-7, and mixing.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the swelling process is performed under the following conditions: swelling for 2-3 hours at 40-50 ℃ and under the condition of 25-35 MPa of carbon dioxide.
8. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the foaming conditions are: the temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the pressure is 0.02-0.03 MPa.
9. The flame-retardant polystyrene composite material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The flame retardant polystyrene composite material according to claim 9, for use in the preparation of building insulation materials.
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