CN115109024A - Ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production and electrolyte production process - Google Patents

Ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production and electrolyte production process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115109024A
CN115109024A CN202110287408.1A CN202110287408A CN115109024A CN 115109024 A CN115109024 A CN 115109024A CN 202110287408 A CN202110287408 A CN 202110287408A CN 115109024 A CN115109024 A CN 115109024A
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ethylene carbonate
electrolyte
solid
production process
electrolyte production
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CN202110287408.1A
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Inventor
丁祥欢
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Zhejiang Zhonglan New Energy Materials Co ltd
Sinochem Lantian Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Zhonglan New Energy Materials Co ltd
Sinochem Lantian Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110287408.1A priority Critical patent/CN115109024A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/10Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
    • C07D317/32Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D317/34Oxygen atoms
    • C07D317/40Vinylene carbonate; Substituted vinylene carbonates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production and an electrolyte production process, wherein in the electrolyte production process, the ethylene carbonate is fed as a massive, granular or powdery solid in at least one of a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a cylindrical shape, a prismatic shape, a rectangular shape or a cubic shape, and is prepared from an ethylene carbonate product by adopting a spray granulator, a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator. The invention has the advantages of energy consumption saving, convenient transportation, electrolyte production efficiency improvement and the like.

Description

Ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production and electrolyte production process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of production of lithium ion battery electrolyte, in particular to granular or powdery ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production and an electrolyte production process.
Background
In recent years, the production of lithium ion batteries has been rapidly developed, and the amount of electrolyte used has been increasing. The solvent is the most used raw material in the electrolyte, and ethylene carbonate (abbreviated as "EC") is the most typical and commonly used solvent. The solvent is used for dissolving lithium salt and additives in the electrolyte, and liquid charging is adopted in the industry. The melting point of the ethylene carbonate is 37-38 ℃, the feeding temperature needs to be maintained above 45 ℃ in order to keep liquid feeding, and the typical feeding temperature is 60-70 ℃.
At present, the transportation of ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production adopts two modes:
firstly, barreled transportation, that is to say, ethylene carbonate producer pours ethylene carbonate product into the iron bucket and transports to electrolyte producer. However, the temperature (except for few high-temperature days) in most of our country is lower than the melting point of the ethylene carbonate, so that the electrolyte manufacturer is already solid when arriving at the goods, and in order to be used for electrolyte production, the ethylene carbonate solid needs to be melted (namely, melting). Generally, the material melting process of ethylene carbonate needs to consume a large amount of heat energy and a long material melting time, and for a barreled EC packaged by 250kg, if a steam oven or an electric heating oven is used for melting materials, the material in the barrel needs to be completely melted for about 30 hours, the material melting speed by using water bath is much faster, but the material can be melted only within about 4 hours, and water vapor is easily brought in during the material melting process, so that the quality of an electrolyte is affected.
And the EC is transported by the insulation tank truck, an electrolyte manufacturer does not need to melt materials before use in the transportation mode, and the EC is liquid and can be directly transported into an EC storage tank for later use by a pipeline. However, when EC is transported in this way, heat preservation at 60-70 ℃ is generally adopted. The inventor researches and discovers that when EC is kept at high temperature for a long time, although the EC has good fluidity and is convenient for pipeline transportation and metering, the problems of yellowing and purity reduction can occur after the EC is kept at high temperature for a long time, and the influence is more obvious when the EC is kept at high temperature for a long time.
In the production process of the electrolyte, after EC is mixed with other solvents, the mixed solvent needs to be greatly cooled (to about minus 5-5 ℃) to prevent lithium salt (lithium hexafluorophosphate) from generating harmful hydrofluoric acid by thermal decomposition, so that heat brought by molten ethylene carbonate needs to be removed through a freezing jacket to maintain the temperature of the electrolyte at 5 ℃ or lower, and once the temperature is not timely reduced, lithium salt feeding needs to be stopped to wait for the temperature to be reduced to a reasonable temperature and then continue to be fed.
In the whole production process, because the melting point of EC is high and is not beneficial to charging and metering, the traditional mode adopts the operation of firstly heating and melting materials and then cooling to prevent lithium salt from decomposing, thereby not only causing a large amount of energy waste in the production process, but also causing a large amount of time waste; the pipeline or metering component used for delivering the ethylene carbonate in a molten state also needs to be subjected to strict heat insulation treatment, and once the heat insulation is poor, particularly in winter, the pipeline is easy to block and a metering device is easy to fail, so that the maintenance cost and the time cost are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the ethylene carbonate which can save the energy consumption and the time consumption of electrolyte production, improve the electrolyte production efficiency and is convenient to transport.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ethylene carbonate for use in electrolyte production, the ethylene carbonate being prepared for feeding in a solid form for easy transportation during the electrolyte production, the ethylene carbonate solid being a massive, granular or powdery solid in the form of at least one of a sphere, an ellipsoid, a cylinder, a prism, a cuboid or a cube.
In the production process of the electrolyte, a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and other organic solvents (such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), etc.) is generally used, and such other organic solvents are mostly liquid at room temperature and can be well dissolved with ethylene carbonate. Based on the method, the ethylene carbonate solvent is fed in solid, and at least one of organic solvents except the ethylene carbonate is fed in liquid.
The ethylene carbonate solid can be in block, granular or powder shape, and the shape can be various shapes such as spherical, ellipsoid, cylinder, prism, cuboid, cube, and the like, and can also be in various irregular shapes, as long as the ethylene carbonate solid has certain fluidity and can be fed into a feeding port of an electrolyte production device.
In order to facilitate the processing, transportation and storage of the ethylene carbonate, the ethylene carbonate solid is preferably spherical or ellipsoidal, the particle size or long axis length is less than or equal to 40mm, more preferably, the particle size or long axis length of the ethylene carbonate solid is 0.5-5 mm, and particularly preferably, the particle size or long axis length is 1-3 mm. From a production practice, solid EC, if too small a particle size (or dimension, e.g., less than 0.5mm) is used, the viscosity of the organic grains is large, adversely affecting the flowability of the EC material transport; however, the excessively large particle size (or dimension) of the EC solid particles increases the time required for dissolution, which is not favorable for fine control of the feeding precision, and also causes mechanical impact or damage to the stirring blades and the like, resulting in problems such as noise of collision and the like, so that the EC solid particles are not suitable for being excessively large.
The ethylene carbonate solid can be obtained by processing ethylene carbonate products by adopting a spray granulator, a disc granulator, an extrusion granulator, a slitter and other granulation machines, or by mould casting, pressing and other forming machines. The ethylene carbonate product can be prepared by the existing preparation process, and the purity of the product is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, and the moisture content is less than or equal to 10ppm, so that the quality of the electrolyte product is ensured. Preferably, the purity of the ethylene carbonate product is more than or equal to 99.98 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 6 ppm.
The prepared ethylene carbonate solid can be directly stored in a dry and vacuum-packaged container or a packaging bag for transportation, or stored in a container or a packaging bag protected by inert (such as nitrogen, argon and the like) gas atmosphere.
The invention also provides a production process of the electrolyte, which comprises the following steps: in the electrolyte production process, ethylene carbonate as a solvent is charged as a solid, and at least one of organic solvents other than ethylene carbonate is charged as a liquid.
The feeding sequence of the ethylene carbonate solid and other organic solvents is not limited, and the ethylene carbonate solid can be fed first and then the other organic solvents can be fed, or the other organic solvents can be fed first and then the ethylene carbonate solid can be fed.
Preferably, the organic solvent other than ethylene carbonate is charged into the electrolyte production apparatus, and then the block-shaped, granular-shaped or powdery ethylene carbonate solid is charged, stirred and dissolved, and then the lithium salt and/or the additive is charged.
Furthermore, the feeding of the ethylene carbonate solid can adopt the modes of gas blowing, gravity feeding, mechanical pushing, screw feeding and the like, and can also adopt a feeding device and a metering device which are similar to or the same as the feeding of the lithium hexafluorophosphate solid.
The block-shaped, granular or powdery ethylene carbonate solid adopts any one of the ethylene carbonate solids, preferably spherical or ellipsoidal ethylene carbonate particles, the particle size or long axis length of which is less than or equal to 40mm, more preferably the particle size or long axis length of which is 0.5-5 mm, and most preferably the particle size or long axis length of which is 1-3 mm.
During the production of the electrolyte, the heat of dissolution of the lithium salt needs to be removed quickly to control the temperature to prevent the lithium salt from being deteriorated by heat. In order to improve the temperature control effect, when the ethylene carbonate solid is fed, the temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 ℃, preferably to be-20-25 ℃, more preferably to be-20-10 ℃, and the low-temperature ethylene carbonate solid can be obtained by freezing the ethylene carbonate solid at low temperature. The temperature and the feeding speed of the low-temperature ethylene carbonate solid are adjusted, so that the control of the temperature of the electrolyte is facilitated.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, a mode of feeding solid ethylene carbonate is adopted in the production process of the electrolyte, so that the energy consumption required in the processes of melting ethylene carbonate and preserving heat and the energy consumption of cooling the electrolyte in the process of blending the electrolyte are greatly reduced, and the time waste in the melting process and the cooling process is also reduced.
2. The ethylene carbonate solid is stored and transported at normal temperature or low temperature, so that the problem of decomposition and deterioration caused by long-time high-temperature storage is avoided, and the quality of the electrolyte is improved.
3. The transportation of the ethylene carbonate solid does not need a heat-insulating pipeline, and the overhaul and maintenance caused by easy blockage of the heat-insulating pipeline in low-temperature weather are avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention encompasses all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the scope of the claims.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an electrolyte production process, wherein the electrolyte comprises the following formula (by mass percent):
LiPF 6 :12.5%,EC:25.8%,EMC:60.2%,VC:1.5%。
the electrolyte production process comprises the following steps:
s1, 516kg of spherical ethylene carbonate particles with the particle size of 3mm are weighed in a metering bin for later use, and the temperature of the metering bin is not more than 30 ℃ so as to prevent EC from melting and caking;
s2, conveying 1204kg of Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) liquid into a 3000L electrolyte preparation kettle (provided with a freezing jacket and filled with a-10 ℃ ethylene glycol aqueous solution which circulates at a fixed flow rate in the jacket) through a pipeline, then feeding quantitative ethylene carbonate particles into the preparation kettle from a metering bin through the pipeline in a gravity feeding mode, stirring to dissolve EC, and waiting for the temperature to be reduced to below 5 ℃;
s3, gradually adding 250kg of lithium hexafluorophosphate into a blending kettle from a lithium salt feeding port, and controlling the lithium salt feeding speed to be 1-5 kg/min so that the temperature of electrolyte in the blending kettle is 0-5 ℃;
and S4, after the lithium salt feeding is finished, adding 30kg of VC through a pipeline, stirring for 30min, finishing the electrolyte blending, detecting the quality and preparing for filling.
From the whole blending process, the steps S2 and S3 take relatively long time, and the step S2 takes about 45min to reduce the temperature below 5 ℃; step S3, since the lithium salt dissolution process releases heat, the lithium salt feeding rate is controlled by the refrigeration rate of the blending kettle, which takes about 3 hours, during which the electrolyte temperature is controlled at about 4 ℃.
Example 2
The electrolyte production process of this example differs from example 1 only in that: the spherical ethylene carbonate particles used in step S1 are frozen in advance to-15 ℃, and the method used is: the frozen product was charged into a (200L) stainless steel sealed tank and stored in a freezer for 24 hours (parallel operation, not affecting the actual production time) to conduct freezing. The frozen low-temperature spherical ethylene carbonate particles are put into a blending kettle again, so that the temperature of the step S2 is reduced to below 5 ℃, and the time is only 10 min.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides an electrolyte production process, the formula of the electrolyte is the same as that of example 1, and the electrolyte production process is different from that of example 1 only in that:
the raw material of the ethylene carbonate is a galvanized iron bucket packaging material, the material is melted by water bath (about 4 hours), and then the material is refined by a molecular sieve to remove water, and then the water is poured into an EC heat-preservation storage tank for later use, wherein the temperature of the storage tank is 70 ℃, and EC in the heat-preservation storage tank is directly transported to a blending kettle through a heat-preservation pipeline.
In step S2, the liquid thermal EC is metered into the blending kettle through a mass flow meter via a thermal insulation pipeline, stirred, and the temperature is lowered to below 5 ℃ for about 90 min.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The quality of the electrolyte prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 was tested, and the results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 electrolyte quality test results
Figure BDA0002981063040000071
Therefore, by using the solid EC particles, not only can the heat energy and melting time consumed by unnecessary EC melting be reduced, but also the time consumed by cooling and the freezing energy consumption consumed by cooling are reduced at the later stage, so that the production time can be obviously shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.
At the same time, the quality of the product is not affected, and the trend is clear and definite that the use of solid EC particles can significantly reduce heat consumption and production time, although the specific data may vary on different production plants. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention has practical significance in the actual production process of the electrolyte and plays a certain role in improving the electrolyte capacity.

Claims (10)

1. The ethylene carbonate for producing the electrolyte is characterized in that: in the electrolyte production process, the ethylene carbonate is fed in a solid form, and the ethylene carbonate solid is a block-shaped, granular or powdery solid and is at least one of spherical, ellipsoidal, cylindrical, prismatic, rectangular or cubic.
2. The ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ethylene carbonate solid is spherical or ellipsoidal, the particle size or long axis length is less than or equal to 40mm, and the preferred particle size or long axis length is 0.5-5 mm.
3. The ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the ethylene carbonate solid is obtained by adopting a spray granulator, a disc granulator, an extrusion granulator, a slitter, mould casting or pressing processing.
4. The ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production according to claim 3, characterized in that: the purity of the ethylene carbonate product is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 10 ppm.
5. The production process of the electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the electrolyte production process, ethylene carbonate as a solvent is charged as a solid, and at least one of organic solvents other than ethylene carbonate is charged as a liquid.
6. The electrolyte production process of claim 5, wherein: after an organic solvent other than ethylene carbonate is added, a block-shaped, granular or powdery ethylene carbonate solid is added, wherein the ethylene carbonate solid is at least one of spherical, ellipsoidal, cylindrical, prismatic, rectangular or cubic.
7. The electrolyte production process of claim 6, wherein: the ethylene carbonate solid is spherical or ellipsoidal, and the particle size or long axis length is less than or equal to 40 mm.
8. The electrolyte production process according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: the temperature of the ethylene carbonate solid is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and the preferable temperature is-20 ℃ to 25 ℃.
9. The electrolyte production process of claim 8, wherein: the temperature of the ethylene carbonate solid is-20 ℃ to-10 ℃.
10. The electrolyte production process according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein: feeding the ethylene carbonate solid in a mode of gas blowing, mechanical pushing, gravity blanking or screw feeding.
CN202110287408.1A 2021-03-17 2021-03-17 Ethylene carbonate for electrolyte production and electrolyte production process Pending CN115109024A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024080994A1 (en) * 2022-10-14 2024-04-18 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Electrolyte composition comprising organosilicon compounds

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1700499A (en) * 2005-05-23 2005-11-23 华南师范大学 Li-ion battery cathode film forming function electrolyte and its preparing process
CN1845373A (en) * 2006-04-30 2006-10-11 北京中润恒动电池有限公司 Electrolyte of lithium ion battery containing propylene carbonate and its preparing method
CN102362386A (en) * 2009-03-27 2012-02-22 学校法人东京理科大学 Sodium ion secondary battery

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1700499A (en) * 2005-05-23 2005-11-23 华南师范大学 Li-ion battery cathode film forming function electrolyte and its preparing process
CN1845373A (en) * 2006-04-30 2006-10-11 北京中润恒动电池有限公司 Electrolyte of lithium ion battery containing propylene carbonate and its preparing method
CN102362386A (en) * 2009-03-27 2012-02-22 学校法人东京理科大学 Sodium ion secondary battery

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024080994A1 (en) * 2022-10-14 2024-04-18 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Electrolyte composition comprising organosilicon compounds

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