CN115108967A - N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115108967A
CN115108967A CN202210729014.1A CN202210729014A CN115108967A CN 115108967 A CN115108967 A CN 115108967A CN 202210729014 A CN202210729014 A CN 202210729014A CN 115108967 A CN115108967 A CN 115108967A
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CN115108967B (en
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李超忠
胡清贤
朱林
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Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS
ShanghaiTech University
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    • C07D209/56Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/82Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
    • C07D209/86Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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    • C07C45/27Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/32Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
    • C07C45/33Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
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Abstract

The invention discloses N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide has a chemical structure shown in a formula 1:

Description

N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of organic synthesis.
Background
The organic compound N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), an inexpensive, non-toxic catalyst prepared from phthalic anhydride and hydroxylamine (Karakurt, a.; Dalkara, s.; Ozalp, m.; Ozbey, s.; Kendi, e.; Stables, j.p. eur.j.med.chem.2001,36,421). NHPI can generate phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) under the action of radical initiators or under oxidative conditions, which can grab hydrogen atoms in organic molecules to regenerate NHPI. Thus, through the NHPI/PINO cycle, inert carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic molecules can be efficiently activated to achieve a series of chemical transformations (Ishii, Y.; Sakaguchi, S.; Iwahama, T.Adv.Synth.Catal.2001,343,393 and Sheldon, R.A.; Arends, I.W.C.E.Adv.Synth.Catal.2004,346, 1051).
Figure BDA0003712108280000011
The group of Grochowski topics discovered and reported for the first time in 1977 that NHPI participates in free radical reactions. They found that ether compounds and diethyl azodicarboxylate can undergo addition reaction under the action of NHPI; 2-propanol was successfully oxidized to acetone by m-CPBA under the catalysis of NHPI (Grochowski, E.; Boleslawska, T.; Jurczak, J. Synthesis1977, 718). Since then, the Ishii topic group reported that alkanes and alcohols could be efficiently oxidized by oxygen to the corresponding ketones or carboxylic acids under catalysis of NHPI (Ishii, Y.; Nakayama, K.; Takeno, M.; Sakaguchi, S.; Iwahama, T.; Nishiyama, Y.J.org.Chem.1995,60,3934). By utilizing the strategy, Daicela et al successfully develops a new process for synthesizing terephthalic acid from p-xylene, and the new process does not generate nitrogen oxides, is environment-friendly and has no corrosion to equipment (John, D.Focus on Catalysts,2004, Issue 1, January 2004, p 7). NHPI is also effective in catalyzing the electrochemical oxidation of silanes to produce the corresponding silanol (Liang, h.; Wang, l.j.; Ji, y.x.; Wang, h.; Zhang, b.angelw.chem.int.ed.2020, 59, 2.).
NHPI can also co-catalyze important organic reactions with transition metals. For example, the Ishii topic group in 2003 reported that the reaction of silane and electron deficient olefin with oxygen as oxidant under the concerted catalysis of NHPI and cobalt acetate can introduce silicon and hydroxyl groups into the olefin molecule simultaneously, thereby successfully achieving silicon hydroxylation of olefins (Tayama, O.; Iwahama, T.; Sakaguchi, S.; Ishii, Y.Eur.J.Org.Chem.2003, 2286); under similar conditions, arylmethanes can be efficiently oxidized into aromatic aldehydes under mild conditions, and further oxidation of aldehydes into acids can be avoided (Gaster, E.; Kozuch, S.; Pappo, D.Angew.chem.int.Ed.2017,56,5912). In addition, NHPI may also be used in combination with palladium catalysts to catalyze the conversion of arylmethanes to arylnitriles (Shu, Z.B.; Ye, Y.X.; Deng, Y.F.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.B.Angew.chem.int.Ed.2013,52,10573).
NHPI may also catalyze some photochemical reactions. For example, NHPI catalyzes the reaction of benzaldehyde with β -nitrostyrene under white light irradiation to synthesize chalcones (Tripathhi, S.; Kapor, R.; Yadav, L.D. S.Adv. Synth. Catal.2018,360, 1407). Under light induction and co-catalysis of alpha-Fe 2O3 and NHPI, ethylbenzene can be oxidized by oxygen, the main product is acetophenone, and the method has low cost and great industrial application potential (Zhang, C.F.; Huang, Z.P.; Lu, J.M.; Luo, N.C.; Wang, F.J.Am.chem.Soc.2018,140, 2032).
However, the generation of reactive PINO radicals from NHPI often requires relatively severe conditions, such as in the case of oxygen as an oxidant, often requiring UV irradiation to produce PINO. And due to the strong electron deficiency property, NHPI is easy to open ring and decompose in the reaction, so that better reaction effect can be realized by adding more NHPI frequently, side reactions are increased due to decomposition of NHPI, and the treatment after the reaction is complicated. These disadvantages limit the industrial application of NHPI.
With the increasing energy cost and the concern of human beings on the environment, the trend of the chemical industry towards green chemistry cannot be reversed. Compared with ultraviolet light, the chemical conversion conditions induced by visible light are milder and greener, and the method becomes one of important development directions for energy conservation and emission reduction. However, NHPI has no absorption in the visible light band and is difficult to be excited to produce active PINO.
In view of this, it is necessary to structurally modify and modify NHPI so that it can be directly excited to generate PINO-type radicals under the induction of visible light, thereby catalyzing the chemical conversion under milder conditions and promoting the catalytic properties of NHPI/PINO to have higher application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is to provide an N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide, a preparation method and applications thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide (abbreviated as 4CzNHPI) with a chemical structure shown as a formula 1:
Figure BDA0003712108280000031
a preparation method of N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide comprises the following steps e or d to e or c to d to e or b to c to d to e or a step a to b to c to d to e in a synthetic route:
Figure BDA0003712108280000032
wherein the structural formula of Cz-H is as follows:
Figure BDA0003712108280000033
in one embodiment, step a is carried out by nucleophilic substitution of a compound of formula 2 (i.e., 3,4,5, 6-tetrafluorophthalonitrile) with carbazole to obtain a compound of formula 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the operation of step a is as follows: the compound of formula 2 is subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction with carbazole in an organic solvent (preferably tetrahydrofuran) under the promotion of NaH at room temperature to obtain the compound of formula 3.
In a preferred embodiment, step a, the compound of formula 2: the molar ratio of carbazole is 1: (4-5), a compound of formula 2: the molar ratio of NaH is 1: (5-8).
In one embodiment, the step b is to perform hydrolysis and ring closure reaction on the compound of formula 3 under the alkaline (preferably KOH) condition to obtain the compound of formula 4.
In a preferred embodiment, step b is performed as follows: the compound of formula 3 is hydrolyzed and subjected to ring closure reaction in an alcohol solvent (preferably ethanol) under the action of KOH under the condition of heating reflux to obtain the compound of formula 4.
In a preferred embodiment, step b, the compound of formula 3: the molar ratio of KOH is 1: (50-100).
In one embodiment, said step c is a step of obtaining the compound of formula 5 from the compound of formula 4 under catalysis of an acid (preferably p-toluenesulfonic acid).
In a preferred embodiment, step c is performed as follows: the compound of formula 4 is reacted in an alcohol solvent (preferably ethanol) at room temperature under the action of p-toluenesulfonic acid to obtain the compound of formula 5.
In a preferred embodiment, in step c, the molar ratio of the compound of formula 4 to p-toluenesulfonic acid is 1: (3-5).
In one embodiment, step d is performed by reacting a compound of formula 5 with Boc 2 O (i.e., di-tert-butyl dicarbonate) to obtain the compound of formula 6 (i.e., N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide).
In a preferred embodiment, step d is performed as follows: the compound of formula 5 is reacted with Boc in an organic solvent, preferably acetonitrile, catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (i.e., DMAP) 2 And O is reacted to obtain the compound of formula 6.
In a preferred embodiment, step d, the compound of formula 5: boc 2 The molar ratio of O is 1: (1-2).
In one embodiment, step e is carried out by reacting the compound of formula 6 with an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine to provide the compound of formula 1.
In a preferred embodiment, step e, the compound of formula 6: the molar ratio of the hydroxylamine aqueous solution is 1: (10-20).
An application of N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide as photocatalyst in the oxidation reaction of olefin.
A preferred embodiment, which is used as a photocatalyst for the oxidation of an olefin (preferably an aryl olefin) to a ketone, specifically:
Figure BDA0003712108280000041
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
the N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide (abbreviated as 4CzNHPI) is based on a skeleton of a polycarbazole aromatic ring, has four carbazoles, a large aromatic conjugated system and obvious absorption in a visible light region of 400-500 nm, easily loses one electron under the excitation of visible light, forms a free radical similar to PINO, and can be used as a photocatalyst for the oxidation reaction of olefin; in addition, the method takes 3,4,5, 6-tetrafluorophthalic nitrile (a compound shown in a formula 2) as an initial raw material, and prepares the N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide through five-step reaction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows UV-visible absorption spectra of N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide in various solvents (dichloromethane, 1, 4-dioxane, acetonitrile) according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further detailed and completely explained by combining the specific embodiment.
In this example, the solvents and reagents used were, unless otherwise specified, purified by the methods described in Armarego, W.L.F.; perrin, d.d. purification of Laboratory Chemicals,4th ed.; butterworth Heinemann: Oxford,1997. melting point uncorrected; 1 H NMR, 13 c NMR measurements on NMR instruments Agilent 400M and Bruker-500M; HR-MS (EI) on Waters GCT CA 176, HR-MS (ESI) on BRUKER DALTONICS APEX III; IR spectra were measured on the instrument Bio-Rad FTS-185; melting point was measured on a micro melting point apparatus SWG X-4; tobacco chemical plant for rapid column chromatographyThe produced silica gel (200-300 meshes); the color development modes are ultraviolet color development, potassium permanganate solution color development and iodine cylinder color development.
Example 1: preparation of compound of formula 3 (3,4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) -1, 2-benzenedinitrile)
Figure BDA0003712108280000051
Weighing NaH (1.8g,75mmol) into a reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, adding 10mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran under argon protection using schlenk technique, adding a solution of carbazole (7.0g,45mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50mL) after stirring for 5 minutes, stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, then adding a solution of 3,4,5, 6-tetrafluoro-1, 2-benzenedinitrile (2.0g,10mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10mL), stirring at room temperature for 24 hours (monitoring the reaction by TLC during the reaction), terminating the reaction, quenching excess NaH with water, followed by extraction with dichloromethane (3X 100mL), saturated NH 4 Washing with an aqueous solution of Cl, combining the organic phases, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, collecting the dried organic phase, removing the organic solvent under reduced pressure, and separating by column chromatography to obtain 7.6g of the compound of formula 3 (yield: 96%). The spectral data of the obtained compounds are consistent with the literature reports (UOyama, H.; Goushi, K.; Shizu, K.; Nomura, H.; Adachi, C.Nature 2012,492,234).
Example 2: preparation of compound of formula 4 (4,5,6, 7-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) -3-amino-1H-isoindol-1-one)
Figure BDA0003712108280000061
The compound of formula 3 (2.4g,3mmol) and potassium hydroxide (11.8g,210mmol) were weighed, and ethanol was used as a solvent (120mL), refluxed for 2 hours, then cooled to room temperature, ethanol was removed under reduced pressure, dichloromethane (3X 60mL) was used for extraction, the organic phases were washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the dried organic phase was collected, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and separation was performed by column chromatography to obtain 2.3g of the compound of formula 4 (yellow solid, yield: 95%).
Through the test: melting point: 300 ℃ is adopted;
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6 )δ7.73-7.93(m,4H),7.53-7.70(m,4H),7.40-7.53(m,4H),7.25-7.38(m,4H),6.90-7.20(m,10H),6.68(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.60(t,J=8.0Hz,4H);
ESI-MS:m/z 807.3(M + +H);
HRMS calcd for C 56 H 35 N 6 O[M+H]807.2867,found:807.2853;
IR(KBr):ν(cm -1 )3047,2922,1741,1659,1626,1598,1491,1479,1451,1335,1309,1224,1150,1045,741,723。
example 3: preparation of Compound of formula 5 (3,4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide)
Figure BDA0003712108280000062
The compound of formula 4 (1.6g,2mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (1.5g,8mmol) were weighed, refluxed with ethanol (60mL) as a solvent for 12 hours, then cooled to room temperature, ethanol was removed under reduced pressure, extracted with dichloromethane (3X 50mL), the organic phases were washed successively with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the dried organic phase was collected, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and separated by column chromatography to give 0.76g of the compound of formula 5 (yellow solid, yield: 48%).
After testing: melting point: 300 ℃ is adopted;
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6 )δ7.75-7.90(m,4H),7.50-7.65(m,4H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.34(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.95-7.10(m,8H),6.69(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.58(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),5.85(s,1H);
13 C NMR(101MHz,acetone-d 6 )δ165.4,142.7,140.9,139.1,134.9,132.6,125.6,124.8,124.4,124.2,120.9,120.8,120.4,119.8,112.1,111.8;
ESI-MS:m/z 808.3(M + +H);
HRMS calcd for C 56 H 34 N 5 O 2 [M+H]808.2707,found:808.2698;
IR(KBr):ν(cm -1 )3343,3047,2961,1770,1725,1625,1597,1491,1479,1458,1390,1334,1308,1260,1224,1091,1040,800,738,721。
example 4: preparation of the Compound of formula 6 (N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide)
Figure BDA0003712108280000071
The compound of formula 5 (808mg,1mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP,6mg,0.05mmol) were weighed, 40mL of acetonitrile was added as a solvent, and stirred for 10 minutes, followed by addition of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (327mg,1.5mmol) at 0 ℃ and stirring at room temperature for 10 hours (monitoring the reaction by TLC during the reaction), the reaction was terminated, acetonitrile was removed under reduced pressure, extraction was performed with dichloromethane (3X 50mL), the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the dried organic phase was collected, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and column chromatography was performed to obtain 835mg of the compound of formula 6 (yellow solid, yield: 92%).
Through the test: melting point: a temperature of >300 ℃;
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ7.73(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.28(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),6.88-7.10(m,16H),6.74(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),6.54(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),1.48(s,9H);
13 C NMR(126MHz,acetone-d 6 )δ161.0,146.7,143.7,140.8,139.2,135.9,131.2,126.3,125.0,124.6,124.4,121.2,121.1,120.6,120.0,112.1,111.9,85.9,27.8;
ESI-MS:m/z 930.3(M + +Na);
HRMS calcd for C 61 H 41 N 5 NaO 4 [M+Na]930.3051,found:930.3036;
IR(KBr):ν(cm -1 )2919,2849,1802,1774,1731,1626,1599,1491,1479,1446,1333,1309,1244,1224,1146,840,742,722。
example 5: preparation of the Compound of formula 1 (N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide)
Figure BDA0003712108280000081
The compound of formula 6 (908mg,1mmol) was weighed, acetonitrile was used as a solvent, then an aqueous hydroxylamine solution (50 wt% aqueous solution, 1.3g,20mmol) was added, stirred at room temperature for 12 hours (reaction was monitored by TLC during the reaction), the reaction was terminated, cooled to room temperature, acetonitrile was removed under reduced pressure, extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 50mL), washed successively with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the dried organic phase was collected, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and separated by column chromatography to obtain 733mg of the compound of formula 1 (yellow solid, yield: 89%).
Through the test: melting point: 300 ℃ is adopted;
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.30(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),6.88-7.10(m,16H),6.75(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.56(t,J=8.0Hz,4H);
13 C NMR(101MHz,acetone-d 6 )δ161.2,142.8,141.0,139.3,134.9,129.4,125.7,124.9,124.5,124.3,121.0,120.9,120.5,119.9,112.1,111.8;
ESI-MS:m/z 824.3(M + +H);
HRMS calcd for C 56 H 34 N 5 O 3 [M+H]824.2656,found:824.2642;
IR(KBr):ν(cm -1 )3047,2923,1787,1731,1625,1599,1490,1479,1454,1334,1309,1224,1149,926,742,722。
application example: photocatalytic performance of compound (N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide, abbreviated as: 4CzNHPI) of formula 1 was examined by reaction for preparation of acetophenone by oxidation of 2-phenyl-1-propene
Figure BDA0003712108280000082
Firstly, ultraviolet visible absorption spectra of 4CzNHPI in different solvents (dichloromethane, 1, 4-dioxane, acetonitrile) are detected, and the detection result is shown in fig. 1, as can be seen from fig. 1, 4CzNHPI in the three solvents has significant absorption in a visible light region of 400-500 nm, which indicates that 4CzNHPI has photocatalytic performance and can be used for visible light-induced catalytic reaction.
Next, taking 2-phenyl-1-propene as an example, the catalytic properties of 4CzNHPI on oxidation reaction induced by visible light are examined, specifically:
add 4CzNHPI (0.004mmol) to a 10mL stopcock with internal stirrer, evacuate the system and replace oxygen three times, then add 2-phenyl-1-propene (0.2mmol) with CH 3 CN (1mL) as solvent, screwing a stopcock, placing the stopcock under 20W blue light irradiation at 80 deg.C, stirring for 16 hr to terminate the reaction, concentrating the reaction solution under reduced pressure, filtering, extracting with ethyl acetate (5 mL. times.3), combining the organic phases, and adding anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 Drying, concentrating under reduced pressure, adding CH into the reaction solution 2 Br 2 (0.1mmol) as an internal standard by 1 The nuclear magnetic yield of the oxidation product acetophenone was determined by H NMR to be 51%.
The reaction results show that: in the reaction process of preparing acetophenone by oxidizing 2-phenyl-1-propylene under the catalysis of 4CzNHPI, oxygen is used as an oxidant, the reaction can be carried out under normal pressure without any metal, and the conditions are mild, so that the 4CzNHPI has excellent photocatalytic performance and can be used as a photocatalyst for the oxidation reaction of olefin.
Finally, it should be pointed out here that: the above is only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above description are intended to be covered by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetrakis (carbazol-9-yl) phthalimide having the chemical structure shown in formula 1:
Figure FDA0003712108270000011
2. a method for preparing N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide is characterized by comprising the following steps e or d to e or c to d to e or b to c to d to e or a step a to b to c to d to e in a synthetic route:
Figure FDA0003712108270000012
wherein the structural formula of Cz-H is as follows:
Figure FDA0003712108270000013
3. the production method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the step a is to perform nucleophilic substitution reaction on the compound of the formula 2 and carbazole to obtain the compound of the formula 3.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step a, a compound of formula 2: the molar ratio of carbazole is 1: (4-5).
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: and the step b is to perform hydrolysis and ring closure reaction on the compound of the formula 3 under alkaline conditions to obtain the compound of the formula 4.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the step c is to obtain the compound of the formula 5 from the compound of the formula 4 under the catalysis of acid.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein: the step d is carried out by reacting the compound shown in the formula 5 with Boc 2 And O reaction to obtain the compound shown in the formula 6.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein: the step e is to react the compound shown in the formula 6 with an aqueous hydroxylamine solution to obtain the compound shown in the formula 1.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step e, a compound of formula 6: the molar ratio of the hydroxylamine aqueous solution is 1: (10-20).
10. The application of N-hydroxy-3, 4,5, 6-tetra (carbazole-9-yl) phthalimide is characterized in that: used as photocatalyst for the oxidation reaction of olefin.
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