CN115108966B - Benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115108966B
CN115108966B CN202210718684.3A CN202210718684A CN115108966B CN 115108966 B CN115108966 B CN 115108966B CN 202210718684 A CN202210718684 A CN 202210718684A CN 115108966 B CN115108966 B CN 115108966B
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CN115108966A (en
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杨琳
李蕙芳
卢戢
申坤容
张智杰
韦思平
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Southwest Medical University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe and a preparation method and application thereof, and the metal ion probe is a compound with a benzoindole squaraine structure, has the advantages of simple preparation method, easily obtained raw materials and excellent photo-thermal stability; for Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Has good colorimetric and fluorescent recognition capability, and can be used for Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ The identification process of the fluorescent dye has obvious color change, and the absorption spectrum and the fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent dye are also changed, so that the fluorescent dye has short response time and high sensitivity and is not interfered by other ions.

Description

Benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical analysis and test, and particularly relates to a benzindole squaraine metal ion probe, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Iron and copper are two microelements necessary for the human body and play an important role in many vital activities. Iron is involved in the processes of oxygen transport and proton transfer in blood, and is an important component of various enzymes and hemoglobin; once the iron element in the human body is deficient, the physiological function system is disturbed, thereby causing diseases; while excess iron is potentially harmful, it may promote oxidation of fats, proteins and other components of the cell to become toxic. Likewise, the lack or excess of copper ions in the body can also lead to disturbances in growth and metabolism, leading to serious disorders of copper metabolism. In addition, mercury is a heavy metal element with high toxicity to humans and the environment, and its accumulation in the body causes serious health problems. Therefore, the development can efficiently and selectively detect Fe in natural environment and organism 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Is of interest. Detection goldThe traditional methods of the genus ion are: atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, electrochemical analysis, and the like. The above methods often require the use of expensive instrumentation and specialized inspectors, which are not suitable for mass and real-time inspection. The fluorescent probe detection method has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, easiness in operation and the like. Currently used for detecting Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ The fluorescent probe molecules of (2) often have the defects of complex preparation, low selectivity, insufficient absorption and emission wavelength, and the like. Therefore, the probe molecule with high sensitivity, high selectivity and strong absorption and fluorescence emission in the near infrared region is developed to detect Fe in natural environment and organism 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ It is important.
Squaraine is a D-A-D conjugated organic molecule formed by condensing two identical or different electron-rich electron-donating units (donor, D or D') and a strong electron-withdrawing squaraine unit (A), and has a zwitterionic structure with stable resonance. Most squaraines absorb and emit strongly in the visible and near infrared regions with molar extinction coefficients (. Epsilon.) of up to 10 5 M -1 cm -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And squaraine has the advantages of easy aggregation, simple synthetic route, good photo/thermal stability, strong structural modification, and the like. Therefore, squaraine molecules have been widely used in many fields such as photoconductive data storage, organic light emitting diodes, organic field effect transistors, organic solar cells, two-photon absorption, nonlinear optics, near infrared fluorescent probes, biomarkers, photodynamic therapy, and the like. In fact, the quaternary ring in the center of squaraine has two oxygen atoms, which can be directly used as coordination points with metal ions; the combination of oxygen atoms and metal ions is one of the most effective methods of influencing electron distribution in the central four-membered ring, often resulting in significant changes in the photophysical properties of squaraine compounds, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the probe molecule. In addition, the oxygen atom can be further substituted and modified by sulfur atom, nitrogen atom and the like, so that the binding capacity with metal ions is changed, the photophysical properties of the oxygen atom are regulated, and probe molecules with different response phenomena are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described drawbacks of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a benzindole squaraine metal ion probe;
the second aim is to provide a preparation method of the benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe;
third object is to provide a method for detecting Fe by using the benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Is used in the field of applications.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a benzindole squaraine metal ion probe, which has the following structural formula (I):
Figure SMS_1
wherein R is 1 、R 2 Is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
Further, in the structural formula (I) of the metal ion probe:
when R is 1 、R 2 When the two are oxygen atoms, the two are compounds II, and the structural formula of the two is shown as (II);
when R is 1 、R 2 When the oxygen atom and the sulfur atom are respectively, the compound is a compound III, and the structural formula of the compound is shown as (III);
when R is 1 、R 2 When the two are sulfur atoms, the two are compounds IV, and the structural formula of the compounds is shown as (IV);
the structural formulas of the compound II, the compound III and the compound IV are respectively shown as follows:
Figure SMS_2
further, the preparation methods of the compound II, the compound III and the compound IV comprise the following specific steps:
1) Preparation of Compound II
1, 2-trimethyl-1H-benzo [ e ]]Indole addition CH 3 NO 2 Adding iodine after stirring and dissolvingReacting n-butane for 14-18h after heating to 100 ℃ to obtain a reaction solution I, concentrating the reaction solution I, slowly dripping the reaction solution I into ethyl acetate, precipitating, filtering, stirring and washing a filter cake with petroleum ether, and filtering to obtain a light grey green precipitate B-C4;
adding B-C4, squaric acid and quinoline into a mixed solvent with the volume ratio of toluene to n-butanol being 1:1, adding a water separator, refluxing for 9 hours to obtain a reaction liquid II, concentrating the reaction liquid II under reduced pressure, dripping the reaction liquid II into ethyl acetate, separating out solids, carrying out suction filtration, spinning the filtrate, adding petroleum ether, stirring and washing for two times, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a brown green solid which is a metal ion probe, namely a compound II;
2) Preparation of Compound III
Under the condition of room temperature, reacting a compound II with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine for 26 hours to obtain a reaction solution III, purifying by column chromatography to obtain a target product, and then washing with n-hexane to obtain a pure dark green solid which is a metal ion probe, namely the compound III;
3) Preparation of Compound IV
Under the anhydrous and anaerobic condition, adding the compound II, the Lawson reagent and hexamethylphosphoric triamide into degassed toluene, carrying out reflux reaction for 2.5 hours, stopping the reaction to obtain a reaction solution IV, dripping the reaction solution IV into anhydrous diethyl ether, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid, dissolving the solid with dichloromethane, purifying by column chromatography, and then recrystallizing to obtain a bright copper solid, wherein the bright copper solid is the metal ion probe, namely the compound IV.
Further, the benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe is used for detecting Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Is used in the field of applications.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the probe provided by the invention is blue or blue-green in acetonitrile solution, has strong absorption at 600-700nm and strong fluorescence emission at 650-850nm, and the absorption and emission are both in a near infrared region, so that the probe has the advantages of small photodamage, strong tissue penetrating capacity, low self fluorescence interference and the like. The solution of the probe in the invention is added with Fe respectively 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ The color change is obvious after the color change, naked eye detection can be carried out without other equipment, and the corresponding absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum are also changed, so that the color comparison and spectrum test can be carried out on Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ The double-channel detection is carried out, and the method is not interfered by other metal ions, so that the method has good application prospect.
2. The metal ion probe has the advantages of simple synthetic route, readily available raw materials and simple operation.
3. The metal ion probe adds Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Immediately after that, the response phenomenon appears, the response time is extremely short, the sensitivity is high, and the minimum detection limit is 1.14-6.28 mu M.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of compound IV tested for selectivity to different metal ions.
FIG. 2 is a scheme for the preparation of Compound II.
FIG. 3 is a scheme for the preparation of compound III.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of Compound IV.
FIG. 5 is an absorption spectrum of compound II tested for selectivity to different metal ions.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the recognition of Fe by other metal ions for Compound II 3+ And testing the interference.
FIG. 7 shows the addition of Fe in different equivalent ratios to Compound II 3+ Absorption spectrum after solution.
FIG. 8 shows the addition of Fe to compound III 3+ The absorption wavelength then varies with time at 663 nm.
FIG. 9 is a colorimetric development of compound III on different metal ions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and unless specifically indicated otherwise, the reagents, methods and apparatus to which the invention relates are those conventional in the art.
Example 1: preparation of benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe
1. Experimental method
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) The preparation of the compound II is shown in the figure 2;
1, 2-trimethyl-1H-benzo [ e ]]Indole (10.00 g,47.50 mmol) was added to 80mL CH 3 NO 2 Adding n-butyl iodide (21.50 g,95.50 mmol) after stirring and dissolving, heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 14h, monitoring by TLC to find that partial raw materials still remain unreacted in the system, adding 1.8mL of n-butyl iodide, continuing to react for 4h at 100 ℃, stopping the reaction to obtain reaction liquid I, concentrating the reaction liquid I to 50mL, slowly dropwise adding the reaction liquid I into 350mL of ethyl acetate, precipitating and separating out, filtering, stirring and washing a filter cake with petroleum ether, and filtering again to obtain pale green precipitate B-C4, wherein the B-C4 is 16g, and the yield is 86%;
B-C4 (10.00 g,25.4 mmol), squaric acid (1.45 g,12.7 mmol) and quinoline (3.30 g,25.4 mmol) are added into 150mL of a mixed solvent with the volume ratio of toluene to n-butanol being 1:1, reflux is carried out for 9h in boiling water to obtain a reaction liquid II, the reaction liquid II is concentrated to 20mL under reduced pressure and then is dripped into 300mL of ethyl acetate, solid is separated out, the filtrate is dried by spin, 200mL of petroleum ether is added for stirring and washing twice after suction filtration, brown green solid is obtained after suction filtration, and is a metal ion probe, namely a compound II, the compound II is 4.16g, and the yield is 54%;
2) The preparation of the compound III is shown in the figure 3;
reacting compound II (0.54 g,0.89 mmol) with phosphorus pentasulfide (0.79 g,1.80 mmol) in pyridine (6 mL) at room temperature for 26h to obtain a reaction solution III, purifying by column chromatography (200-300 silica gel, eluting with dichloromethane) to obtain a target product, and washing with n-hexane to obtain a pure dark green solid which is a metal ion probe, namely compound III, wherein the compound III is 0.39g, and the yield is 69%;
3) The preparation of the compound IV is shown in the figure 4;
under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions, adding a compound II (0.20 g,0.33 mmol), a Lawson reagent (0.27 g,0.66 mmol) and hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA, 0.13 mL) into 15mL of degassed toluene, carrying out reflux reaction for 2.5h, stopping the reaction to obtain a reaction solution IV, dripping the reaction solution IV into 100mL of anhydrous diethyl ether, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid, dissolving the solid with dichloromethane, purifying by column chromatography (100-200 meshes of silica gel, eluent is dichloromethane: petroleum ether=1:1), and then recrystallizing (dichloromethane: ethanol=1:3) to obtain a bright copper solid which is a metal ion probe, wherein the compound IV is 0.07g, and the yield is 33%;
and carrying out structural identification on the obtained compound II, compound III and compound IV through nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum respectively.
2. Experimental results
Compound II: 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d,ppm)δ8.20(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,ArH),7.90(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,ArH),7.87(d,J=8.4Hz,2H,ArH)7.58(t,J=7.7Hz,2H,ArH),7.42(t,J=7.6Hz,2H,ArH),7.29(d,J=8.7Hz,2H,ArH),6.03(s,2H,=CH),4.12(s,4H,CH 2 ),2.09(s,12H,CH 3 ),1.90-1.83(m,4H,CH 2 ),1.54-1.46(m,4H,CH 2 ),1.01(t,J=7.4Hz,6H,CH 3 ). 13 CNMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d,ppm)δ178,171.4,139.7,134.4,131.2,129.7,129.6 128.7,127.3,124.3,122.6,110.2,86.3,51.2,43.7,29.4,26.8,20.4,13.9.
compound iii: 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d,ppm)δ8.22(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,ArH),7.90(t,J=7.1Hz,4H,ArH),7.57(t,J=7.8Hz,2H,ArH),7.42(t,J=7.6Hz,2H,ArH),7.34(d,J=8.9Hz,2H,ArH),6.50(s,2H,=CH),4.22(t,J=7.5Hz,4H,CH 2 ),2.11(s,12H,CH 3 ),1.90(q,J=7.8Hz,4H,CH 2 ),1.54-1.47(m,4H,CH 2 ),1.01(t,J=7.5Hz,6H,CH 3 ). 13 C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d,ppm)δ205.7,182.8,177.9,173.2,139.6,134.7,131.4,129.8,129.7,128.6,127.4,124.5,122.5,110.4,88.9,51.3,43.8,29.5,26.7,20.4,14.0.
compound IV: 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d,ppm)δ8.21(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,ArH),7.91(t,J=8.0Hz,4H,ArH),7.59(t,J=7.7Hz,2H,ArH),7.45(t,J=7.6Hz,2H,ArH),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,2H,ArH),6.63(s,2H,=CH),4.36(t,J=7.6Hz,4H,CH 2 ),2.14(s,12H,CH 3 ),1.93-1.86(m,4H,CH 2 ),1.56-1.46(m,4H,CH 2 ),1.02(t,J=6Hz,6H,CH 3 ). 13 C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d,ppm)δ204.5,185.1,174.9,139.4,135.0,131.4,129.7,129.6,128.6,127.3,124.6,122.7,110.7,87.5,51.6,45.2,29.4,27.6,20.3,13.9.
example 2: selective testing of metal ion probes for different metal ions
1. Experimental materials
The metal ion probe Compound II, compound III and Compound IV prepared in example 1
2. Experimental method
10mL of CH of metal ion probe compound II or compound III or compound IV was added to 21 test tubes numbered 1-21, respectively 3 CN solution (1.0X10) -5 mol/L), and 50 mu L of aqueous solutions (Fe) of different metal ions are respectively added into test tubes No. 2-21 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Hg 2+ 、Na + 、K + 、Li + 、Ca 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Al 3+ 、Pb 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Ag + 、Zn 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Ni 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、Cr 2+ C=0.04 mol/L), and after shaking, standing for 30min, and performing absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum tests.
3. Experimental results
As shown in FIGS. 1, 5 and 9, fe is added 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ After that, the color of the solution of the metal ion probe compound II or the compound III or the compound IV is obviously changed, the intensity of the absorption spectrum and the emission spectrum is obviously reduced, and the color and the spectrum of the solution are not obviously changed after other metal ions are added, which indicates that the metal ion probe is specific to Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Has good effectIs a function of the identification ability of the device.
Example 3: other metal ion to metal ion probe recognition of Fe 3+ Interference testing at the time
1. Experimental materials
Metal ion Probe Compound II prepared in example 1
2. Experimental method
10mL of the metal ion probe compound II (1.0X10) was added to 21 test tubes numbered 1-21 -5 mol/L) CH 3 CN solutions, 50. Mu.L of Fe was added to test tubes No. 2-21, respectively 3+ The aqueous solution (0.04 mol/L) was then added to test tubes No. 3-21 with 50. Mu.L of different metal ions (Fe) 2+ 、Hg 2+ 、Na + 、K + 、Li + 、Ca 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Al 3+ 、Pb 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Ag + 、Zn 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Ni 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、Cr 2+ C=0.04 mol/L) of the aqueous solution, and standing for 30min after shaking, and performing absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum tests.
3. Experimental results
As shown in FIG. 6, the results indicate that the probe molecule is specific to Fe 3+ The recognition is not interfered by other metal ions.
Example 4: metal ion probe pair of different concentration Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Response to aqueous solutions
1. Experimental materials
Metal ion Probe Compound II prepared in example 1
2. Experimental method
To 31 test tubes numbered 1-31, 10mL of probe compound II (1.0X10) -5 mol/L) CH 3 CN solution, and then Fe (0.0-20.0 equivalent) with different equivalent ratios is added into each test tube 3+ Or Cu 2+ Or Hg 2+ (0.01 mol/L) aqueous solution, and standing for 30min after shaking, and performing absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum tests.
3. Experimental results
As shown in fig. 7, with Fe 3+ Or Cu 2+ Or Hg 2+ The equivalent weight is increased, the absorption spectrum and the emission spectrum of the probe molecules are sequentially reduced, and experimental data are processed and calculated to obtain the probe molecule pair Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ The minimum limit of detection of (2) is 1.14-6.28. Mu.M.
Example 5: metal ion probe pair Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Hg 2+ Response of aqueous solutions over time
1. Experimental materials
The metal ion Probe Compound III prepared in example 1
2. Experimental method
To a double-sided quartz cuvette was added 2mL of probe compound III (1.0X10) -5 mol/L) CH 3 CN solution, testing its absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum, adding Fe into cuvette after testing 3+ Or Cu 2+ Or Hg 2+ (0.01 mol/L) aqueous solution, absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum tests were performed immediately after shaking, followed by absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum tests every 2 minutes.
3. Experimental results
As shown in FIG. 8, when Fe is added 3+ Or Cu 2+ Or Hg 2+ After that, the intensities at the maximum absorption wavelength and the maximum emission wavelength of the probe molecule are immediately reduced, and then the probe molecule tends to be stable, which indicates that the probe molecule has a high response speed to metal ions.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. Benzoindole squaraine metal ion probe for detecting Hg 2+ The application of the metal ion probe is characterized in that the metal ion probe is a compound II, a compound III and a compound IV, and the structure is as follows:
Figure QLYQS_1
2. the benzindole squaraine metal ion probe according to claim 1 for detection of Hg 2+ The preparation method of the compound II, the compound III and the compound IV is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) Preparation of Compound II
1, 2-trimethyl-1H-benzo [ e ]]Indole addition CH 3 NO 2 Adding n-butyl iodide after stirring and dissolving, heating to 100 ℃ for reaction for 14-18 hours, stopping the reaction to obtain a reaction solution I, concentrating the reaction solution I, slowly dripping the reaction solution I into ethyl acetate, precipitating, filtering, stirring and washing a filter cake with petroleum ether, and filtering to obtain a light gray green precipitate B-C4;
adding B-C4, squaric acid and quinoline into a mixed solvent with the volume ratio of toluene to n-butanol being 1:1, adding a water separator, refluxing for 9 hours to obtain a reaction liquid II, concentrating the reaction liquid II under reduced pressure, dripping the reaction liquid II into ethyl acetate, separating out solids, carrying out suction filtration, spinning the filtrate, adding petroleum ether, stirring and washing for two times, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a brown green solid which is a metal ion probe, namely a compound II;
2) Preparation of Compound III
Under the condition of room temperature, reacting a compound II with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine for 26 hours to obtain a reaction solution III, purifying by column chromatography to obtain a target product, and then washing with n-hexane to obtain a pure dark green solid which is a metal ion probe, namely the compound III;
3) Preparation of Compound IV
Under the anhydrous and anaerobic condition, adding the compound II, the Lawson reagent and hexamethylphosphoric triamide into degassed toluene, carrying out reflux reaction for 2.5 hours, stopping the reaction to obtain a reaction solution IV, dripping the reaction solution IV into anhydrous diethyl ether, carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid, dissolving the solid with dichloromethane, purifying by column chromatography, and then recrystallizing to obtain a bright copper solid, wherein the bright copper solid is the metal ion probe, namely the compound IV.
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