CN115106496A - Non-contact detection device and method for size of inner cavity of crystallizer and application - Google Patents
Non-contact detection device and method for size of inner cavity of crystallizer and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN115106496A CN115106496A CN202210665203.7A CN202210665203A CN115106496A CN 115106496 A CN115106496 A CN 115106496A CN 202210665203 A CN202210665203 A CN 202210665203A CN 115106496 A CN115106496 A CN 115106496A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 208000029154 Narrow face Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003079 width control Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/168—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for adjusting the mould size or mould taper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact detection device and a non-contact detection method for the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer and application thereof, which are used for realizing the rapid detection of the distance between upper openings of a left copper plate and a right copper plate of a slab continuous casting crystallizer, the side taper of the copper plate and the like, and comprise the following steps: the device comprises a mounting base, a distance detection device and a data calculation unit; the mounting base comprises a base head and a base frame; the base head is arranged above the upper opening of the copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and the base frame is arranged in the inner cavity of the crystallizer; a central marker is arranged on the side surface of the base end pedestal of the base head; a height marker is arranged at the upper part of the base frame; the distance detection device comprises an upper distance detection device and a lower distance detection device; the data calculation unit is respectively connected with the upper left distance detection piece, the upper right distance detection piece, the lower left distance detection piece and the lower right distance detection piece. The invention can solve the problems of labor waste, longer measuring time consumption, online shutdown and the like when the manual tape measure, the contact type taper gauge and the manual counting are adopted in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of continuous casting of molten steel in the ferrous metallurgy industry, in particular to a non-contact detection device and method for the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer and application of the non-contact detection device and method.
Background
Slab continuous casting crystallizers generally adopt a copper plate type combined structure, namely, the slab continuous casting crystallizer is formed by combining an inner arc copper plate, an outer arc copper plate (wide edge) and a left copper plate and a right copper plate (narrow edge), the thickness of the slab produced by a platen slab continuous casting machine is one or more fixed specifications, and the width of the slab needs to be continuously adjustable within a certain range. The slab with different thicknesses can be cast by replacing narrow-edge copper plates with different widths; the slab with different widths can be poured by adjusting the positions of the narrow-edge copper plates or the distance between the two narrow-edge copper plates. When a slab with a certain specification and size needs to be poured, a crystallizer with a fixed inner cavity thickness and width is assembled in advance in a maintenance area under a continuous casting production line in a conventional mode, the crystallizer is fastened and waits for line feeding, the sizes of an upper opening and a lower opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer are different, two sides of the inner cavity of the crystallizer are provided with certain inverted tapers, namely the width of the upper opening is larger than that of the lower opening, and wide edges need to be symmetrical left and right along the center line of the crystallizer.
In the continuous casting production process, slabs with different widths are cast without stopping, namely, the width of a crystallizer in steel casting is changed by adjusting the position of a narrow-side copper plate in the steel casting process to enable the narrow-side copper plate to reach the target width, so that the method becomes the urgent requirement of steel enterprises in the new high-quality development situation, the continuous casting production efficiency can be greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced. The technology of increasing or reducing the width of a casting blank without stopping the slab crystallizer, namely the online thermal-state width adjusting technology, is more and more valued by steel production enterprises. Before the width-adjusting crystallizer is assembled in a maintenance area and put on a production line of a continuous casting machine, or before the continuous casting machine is put into production and use again after steel casting on line standby is stopped, a width-adjusting system of the crystallizer needs to perform system testing, displacement sensor calibration, crystallizer inner cavity target size adjustment, crystallizer inner cavity target size confirmation and the like, each action of a width-adjusting control system needs to perform one-time measurement on the size of an inner cavity of the crystallizer (the distance between two narrow-side copper plates and a central line of the crystallizer and the taper of the two narrow-side copper plates), sometimes, due to the influence of various factors such as large mechanical clearance of a width-adjusting mechanism, the width-adjusting system needs to perform multiple calibration and multiple target value adjustment, and the maximum measurement frequency can reach more than 20 times. Up to now, the measurement of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer does not realize full-automatic rapid detection, and the width and symmetry of the upper opening are measured by a manual measuring tape and counted manually; the conicity of the two narrow-edge copper plates is measured and counted by a manual handheld conicity meter respectively. The measured data needs to be input into the width adjusting control system for operation and check in real time.
In the prior art, the total time of each measurement is about 2-3 minutes, the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and labor-consuming, and particularly, long downtime can be consumed during online shutdown adjustment, sometimes 60-120 minutes can be reached, the downtime is close to or even exceeds the pouring preparation time (about 60 minutes) of a continuous casting heavy upper dummy ingot, the available effective production operation time of a continuous casting machine is seriously delayed, and the application and popularization of the online thermal width modulation technology are directly restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact detection apparatus and method for the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer, and an application thereof, so as to solve the problems that the measurement of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer by using a manual tape measure and a manually operated conicity meter and manually counting is time-consuming, labor-consuming, long downtime is consumed, the available and effective production operation time of a continuous casting machine is delayed, and the like.
The invention provides a non-contact detection device for the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a mounting base, a non-contact distance detection device and a data calculation unit; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the mounting base comprises a base head and a base frame arranged at the bottom end of the base head; the base seat head is arranged above an upper opening of a copper plate in an inner cavity of the crystallizer, and the base seat frame is arranged in the inner cavity of the crystallizer; a central marker is arranged on the side surface of the base frame at the bottom end of the base head; a height marker is arranged at the upper part of the base frame; the height marker is horizontally aligned with the upper opening of the copper plate of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
the non-contact distance detection device comprises an upper distance detection device arranged at the upper part of the base frame and a lower distance detection device arranged at the lower part of the base frame; the upper distance detection device comprises an upper left distance detection piece and an upper right distance detection piece which respectively correspond to a left narrow-edge copper plate and a right narrow-edge copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer; the lower distance detection device comprises a left lower distance detection piece and a right lower distance detection piece which respectively correspond to a left narrow-edge copper plate and a right narrow-edge copper plate of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
the data calculation unit is respectively connected with the upper left distance detection piece, the upper right distance detection piece, the lower left distance detection piece and the lower right distance detection piece.
Further, it is preferable that the base frame is provided at an intermediate position of the base head bottom end.
In addition, it is preferable that the data calculation unit communicates with a width adjustment control system of the inner cavity of the mold.
In addition, preferably, height adjusting devices are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the base head, and the bottom ends of the height adjusting devices are arranged above the upper opening of the copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the base head is vertically fixed on a structural plate at the top of an upper opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through an electromagnet sucker.
Further, it is preferable that the center marker includes a first center scale and a second center scale which are respectively provided on both front and rear side walls of the base frame; and/or, the height marker comprises a height scale disposed around the base frame side wall; and/or the upper left distance detection piece, the upper right distance detection piece, the lower left distance detection piece and the lower right distance detection piece are distance sensors.
In addition, preferably, the data calculation unit comprises a left narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit, a right narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit, a left narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit and a right narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the calculation formula of the left narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit is as follows:
the calculation formula of the right narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit is as follows:
the calculation formula of the calculation unit for the distance between the centers of the upper openings of the left narrow-side copper plates is as follows:
the calculation formula of the right narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit is as follows:
wherein Zl is the taper of the narrow-side copper plate on the left side, L is the length of the narrow-side copper plate of the crystallizer, Slt is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the left upper side to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, Slb is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the left lower side to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and h1 is the center distance between the detection piece on the left upper side and the detection piece on the left lower side; zr is the taper of the narrow-side copper plate on the right side, and Srt is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the upper right to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; srb is the distance from the detecting point of the right lower distance detecting piece on the narrow-side copper plate to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and h2 is the center distance between the right upper distance detecting piece and the right lower distance detecting piece; wtl is the center distance of the upper opening of the left narrow copper plate; a1 is the distance from the center of the detecting piece to the upper opening of the crystallizer inner cavity; wtr is the distance from the center of the upper opening of the right narrow-side copper plate, and a2 is the distance from the center of the upper right distance detection piece to the upper opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; the values of a1, a2, h1 and h2 do not exceed the length L of the narrow copper plate of the crystallizer, and a1 and a2, and h1 and h2 are equal or unequal.
The invention provides a method for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer, which utilizes the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to automatically detect the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the mounting base on a crystallizer to be detected, mounting the base head above the upper opening of the copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, positioning the base frame in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, aligning the central marker with the central line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and completing the initial mounting of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
s2, after the crystallizer inner cavity size non-contact detection device is initially installed, adjusting the height of the installation base to enable the height mark piece to be horizontally aligned with the upper opening of the copper plate of the crystallizer inner cavity, and then firmly fixing the installation base on the crystallizer;
s3, after the mounting base is fixed on the crystallizer, enabling the distance detection device to start working to obtain detection data;
and S4, calculating the size data of the crystallizer cavity to be detected through the data calculation unit according to the detection data.
The invention provides an application of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is applied to the on-line test of a width modulation control system of a slab crystallizer, and comprises the following steps:
a1, when the continuous casting machine is stopped to prepare for next steel casting production and the taper deviation of the inner cavity of the crystallizer exceeds the gauge, installing a non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer on the crystallizer, acquiring detection data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the distance detection device, and calculating the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the data calculation unit; the size of the inner cavity comprises the taper of the left narrow-edge copper plate, the taper of the right narrow-edge copper plate, the central distance of an upper opening of the left narrow-edge copper plate and the central distance of an upper opening of the right narrow-edge copper plate;
a2, transmitting the calculated size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width adjusting control system, wherein the width adjusting control system respectively calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder on a left narrow-side copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder on a right narrow-side copper plate;
a3, the width adjusting control system adjusts the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to the calibration, and performs inner cavity size detection on the inner cavity of the crystallizer after the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is adjusted again through the non-contact detection device of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, so as to obtain new inner cavity size detection data;
a4, comparing the new inner cavity size detection data with the target size, if the error of the comparison result is within a first preset error threshold range, completing the on-line test, otherwise, returning to the step A3;
a5, if the step A3 and the step A4 are repeated, the requirement of completing the on-line test can not be met after the first preset times, the step A2 is returned;
a6, if the steps A2 to A4 are repeated, the requirement of completing the on-line test still cannot be met after the second preset times, the test is stopped, and the slab crystallizer is off-line.
The invention provides an application of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is applied to the offline test of a width modulation control system of a slab crystallizer, and comprises the following steps:
b1, when the crystallizer is assembled, placing the crystallizer on an off-line test bench, and when the crystallizer is ready to be tested, enabling the width adjusting control system to work, and carrying out target size adjustment of the inner cavity of the simulated crystallizer according to the previous calibration data;
b2, after the target size is adjusted, mounting the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer on the crystallizer, acquiring detection data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the distance detection device, and calculating the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the data calculation unit; the size of the inner cavity comprises the taper of the left narrow-edge copper plate, the taper of the right narrow-edge copper plate, the central distance of an upper opening of the left narrow-edge copper plate and the central distance of an upper opening of the right narrow-edge copper plate;
b3, transmitting the calculated size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width adjusting control system, wherein the width adjusting control system respectively calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder on a left narrow-side copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder on a right narrow-side copper plate;
b4, the width adjusting control system adjusts the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to the calibration, and performs inner cavity size detection on the inner cavity of the crystallizer after the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is adjusted again through the non-contact detection device of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, so as to obtain new inner cavity size detection data;
b5, comparing the new inner cavity size detection data with the target size, if the error of the comparison result is within a second preset error threshold range, completing the on-line test, otherwise, returning to the step A4;
b6, if the step A4 and the step A5 are repeated, and the requirement of completing the off-line test cannot be met after the third preset number of times, returning to the step A3;
b7, if the steps A3 to A5 are repeated, the requirement of completing the off-line test still cannot be met after the fourth preset number of times, the test is stopped, and the slab crystallizer is off-line.
According to the technical scheme, the non-contact detection device and the non-contact detection method for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and the application of the non-contact detection device, the non-contact detection method for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, provided by the invention, can be conveniently fixed at the position of a central line of an upper opening of the crystallizer through the mounting base, can be used for rapidly determining the position of a neutralization height through the arrangement of the central marking piece and the height marking piece, can be used for rapidly measuring and obtaining the width and the symmetry of the upper opening of the crystallizer and the taper of the copper plates on two narrow sides through the distance detection device and the data calculation unit, can be used for directly feeding back the obtained size data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width adjusting control system of the inner cavity of the crystallizer for operation, check and the like, and greatly shortens the time for realizing a working target in a preparation stage of the width adjusting crystallizer. The invention can realize the rapid measurement of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer (the width of the upper opening and the lower opening, the taper of the narrow-face copper plate at the left side and the right side) and the automatic transmission of the measurement result, greatly reduce the preparation time for the on-line of the width-adjusting crystallizer and the preparation time for the commissioning, and improve the production efficiency; the non-contact distance detection device can simultaneously detect the taper of the copper plate on the left and right narrow sides and the width of the upper opening by combining the data calculation unit, reduce the labor intensity and labor intensity required by the size measurement of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer and save the production cost; the automatic transmission can be realized, the guarantee measure of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer is improved, and the popularization and the application of an on-line heat width-adjusting system of the crystallizer are facilitated.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Further, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a non-contact detection device for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a non-contact crystallizer cavity size detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a non-contact detection device for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of an on-line test of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is applied to the width-adjusting control system of the slab crystallizer according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of an offline test of the crystallizer inner cavity size non-contact detection device applied to a width modulation control system of a slab crystallizer according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the drawing, 1-a mounting base, 11-a base head, 12-a base frame, 13-a center marker, 131-a first center scale, 132-a second center scale, 14-a height marker, 15-a height adjusting device, 21-an upper distance detecting device, 211-an upper left distance detecting device, 212-an upper right distance detecting device, 22-a lower distance detecting device, 221-a lower left distance detecting device, 222-a lower right distance detecting device, 3-an inner cavity, 31-an upper copper plate opening, 32-a left narrow copper plate, 321-an upper width adjusting cylinder on a left narrow copper plate, 322-a lower width adjusting cylinder on a left narrow copper plate, 33-a right narrow copper plate, 331-an upper width adjusting cylinder on a right narrow copper plate, 332-a lower width adjusting cylinder on a right narrow copper plate, 34-center line, 35-outer arc side wide copper plate and 36-inner arc side wide copper plate.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
The non-contact detection device and method for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer and the application thereof are provided aiming at the problems that the existing measurement for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer adopts a manual tape measure, a handheld contact type taper gauge for measurement and manual counting, which wastes time, labor and labor, consumes longer downtime, seriously delays the available effective production operation time of a continuous casting machine and the like.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the non-contact detection device, the method and the application of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer provided by the invention, fig. 1 shows a front view structure of the non-contact detection device of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a top view of a non-contact detection device for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 shows a side view of a non-contact detection device for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a crystallizer inner cavity size detection method according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 5 shows a flow of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to the embodiment of the invention applied to the on-line test of the width-adjusting control system of the slab crystallizer; fig. 6 shows a flow of the off-line test of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is applied to the width-adjusting control system of the slab crystallizer, according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a non-contact detection device for the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer, which includes: the device comprises an installation base 1, a non-contact distance detection device and a data calculation unit; the mounting base 1 comprises a base head 11 and a base frame 12 arranged at the bottom end of the base head 11; the base head 11 is arranged above the upper opening of the copper plate of the crystallizer inner cavity 3, and the base frame 12 is arranged in the crystallizer inner cavity 3; the front and rear sides of the base frame 12 at the bottom end of the base head 11 are provided with center markers 13; a height marker 14 is arranged on the upper part of the base frame 12; the height marker 14 is horizontally aligned with the upper opening 31 of the copper plate of the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer;
the non-contact distance detection device comprises an upper distance detection device 21 arranged at the upper part of the base frame 12 and a lower distance detection device 22 arranged at the lower part of the base frame; the upper distance detection device comprises an upper left distance detection piece 211 and an upper right distance detection piece 212 which respectively correspond to the left narrow-side copper plate 32 and the right narrow-side copper plate 33 in the crystallizer inner cavity 3; the lower distance detection device 22 comprises a left lower distance detection piece 221 and a right lower distance detection piece 222 which respectively correspond to the left narrow-side copper plate 32 and the right narrow-side copper plate 33 of the crystallizer inner cavity 3;
the data calculation unit is connected to the upper left distance detection piece 211, the upper right distance detection piece 212, the lower left distance detection piece 221, and the lower right distance detection piece 222, respectively.
The installation base 1 can be conveniently fixed at the central line position of the upper opening of the crystallizer, the centering and height position can be rapidly determined by the arrangement of the central mark piece 13 and the height mark piece 14, the width and the symmetry of the upper opening of the crystallizer and the taper of the copper plates on two narrow sides are rapidly measured and obtained by the non-contact distance detection device and the data calculation unit, the obtained size data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is directly fed back to the width adjustment control system of the crystallizer for operation, checking and the like, and the time for realizing a working target in the preparation stage of the width adjustment crystallizer is greatly shortened. The invention can realize the rapid measurement of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer (the width of the upper opening and the lower opening, the taper of the narrow-face copper plate at the left side and the right side) and the automatic transmission of the measurement result, greatly reduce the preparation time for the on-line of the width-adjusting crystallizer and the preparation time for the commissioning, and improve the production efficiency; the non-contact distance detection device can simultaneously detect the taper of the copper plate on the left and right narrow sides and the width of the upper opening by combining the data calculation unit, reduce the labor intensity and labor intensity required by the size measurement of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer and save the production cost; the automatic transmission can be realized, the guarantee measure of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer is improved, and the popularization and the application of an on-line heat width-adjusting system of the crystallizer are facilitated.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base frame 12 is provided at an intermediate position of the bottom end of the base head 11. The structure of the mounting base 1 can be symmetrical, so that the central marker 13 can be conveniently and subsequently aligned with the central line of the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer, and a quick centering effect can be achieved.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the data calculation unit communicates with a width control system of the mold cavity 3. The width adjusting control system can calibrate a position sensor of the width adjusting actuating mechanism according to the size data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is calculated by the data calculating unit, then adjust the target value of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer (left-right width and left-right taper), and after the target adjustment is finished, the detection device verifies the adjustment precision until the deviation requirement is met.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, height adjusting devices 15 are disposed at four corners of the bottom of the susceptor head 11, and the bottom ends of the height adjusting devices 15 are disposed above the upper opening 31 of the copper plate of the mold cavity 3. The height of the base frame 12 is conveniently adjusted by means of the height adjusting means 15, so that the position of the distance detecting means is determined. The height adjusting device 15 may include bolts disposed at four corners of the bottom of the base head 11, corresponding fixing connection holes are disposed at positions corresponding to the bolts on the upper opening 31 of the copper plate, and the height marker 14 is horizontally aligned with the upper opening 31 of the copper plate of the inner cavity 3 of the mold by adjusting the fixing height of the bolts, so that the distance detecting device is located at a preset position.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base head 11 is vertically fixed on the structural plate at the top of the upper mouth of the crystallizer cavity 3 by an electromagnet chuck. The fixing of the mounting base is faster and firmer.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the center marker 13 includes a first center scale 131 and a second center scale 132 provided on both front and rear side walls of the base frame 12, respectively. The upper opening of the wide-side copper plate in the crystallizer inner cavity 3 is provided with a center mark, so that the first center scale 131 and the second center scale 132 can respectively correspond to the center marks on the two wide-side copper plates, and the two wide-side copper plates are respectively an outer arc side wide-side copper plate 35 and an inner arc side wide-side copper plate 36, so that the centering state of the detection device after installation is ensured, and subsequent measurement data are accurate. And/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the height marker 14 comprises a height scale disposed around the side wall of the base frame 12; and/or, the upper left distance detector 211, the upper right distance detector 212, the lower left distance detector 221, and the lower right distance detector 222 are all non-contact distance sensors. Such as laser, ultrasound, infrared, etc.
The distances (Slt, Slb, Srt and Srb) from upper and lower points with certain distances from the inner surfaces of the two narrow-side copper plates to the center line of the crystallizer can be respectively detected through distance sensors, and the left and right side widths (Wtl and Wtr) of the upper opening of the crystallizer and the tapers (Zl and Zr) of the left and right narrow-side copper plates can be calculated through processing and operation of detection data through a data calculation unit.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data calculation unit includes a left narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit, a right narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit, a left narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit, and a right narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the calculation formula of the left narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit is as follows:
the calculation formula of the right narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit is as follows:
the calculation formula of the calculation unit for the distance between the centers of the upper openings of the left narrow-side copper plates is as follows:
the calculation formula of the right narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit is as follows:
wherein Zl is the taper of the narrow-side copper plate on the left side, L is the length of the narrow-side copper plate of the crystallizer, Slt is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the left upper side to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, Slb is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the left lower side to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and h1 is the center distance between the detection piece on the left upper side and the detection piece on the left lower side; zr is the taper of the narrow-side copper plate on the right side, and Srt is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the upper right to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; srb is the distance from the detecting point of the right lower distance detecting piece on the narrow-side copper plate to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and h2 is the center distance between the right upper distance detecting piece and the right lower distance detecting piece; wtl is the center distance of the upper opening of the left narrow copper plate; a1 represents the distance from the center of the detecting piece to the upper opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; wtr is the distance from the center of the upper opening of the narrow-side copper plate on the right side, and a2 is the distance from the center of the detecting piece on the upper right side to the upper opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; the values of a1, a2, h1 and h2 do not exceed the length L of the narrow copper plate of the crystallizer, and a1 and a2, and h1 and h2 are equal or unequal.
The size detection data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer can be directly and quickly transmitted to the width adjustment control system of the crystallizer, and the data transmission mode can be wireless transmission or wired transmission.
The mounting base 1 has a function of adjusting the centering height of the center line pair, and is provided with a centering mark piece in the center line pair and a centering mark piece in the height pair, a center line scale of the detection device is aligned with the center line of an inner cavity of the crystallizer by adjusting the left and right positions of the base and the height of the base, the height mark piece is flush with the upper opening surface of the copper plate of the crystallizer, the distance detection device is ensured to be positioned at a fixed height a below the upper opening of the copper plate, and the connecting line of the distance detection device on the same side is ensured to be parallel to the center line of the crystallizer.
The value ranges of the a values (a1 and a2) and the h values (h1 and h2) in the detection method do not exceed the total length L of the crystallizer copper plate, and the a1, the a2, the h1 and the h2 can be equal in value or unequal in value.
The detection device is not only used for the width-adjusting crystallizer, but also suitable for other copper plate type combined crystallizers.
The invention provides a method for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer, which utilizes the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to automatically detect the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the mounting base 1 on a crystallizer to be detected, mounting the base head 11 above the upper opening 31 of the copper plate in the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer, positioning the base frame 12 in the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer, and aligning the central marker 13 with the central line 34 of the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer to finish the initial mounting of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
s2, after the crystallizer inner cavity size non-contact detection device is initially installed, adjusting the height of the installation base 1 to enable the height mark piece 14 to be horizontally aligned with the upper opening 31 of the copper plate of the crystallizer inner cavity 3, and then firmly fixing the installation base 1 on the crystallizer;
s3, after the mounting base 1 is fixed on the crystallizer, enabling the distance detection device to start working to obtain detection data;
and S4, calculating the size data of the crystallizer cavity to be detected through the data calculation unit according to the detection data.
The invention provides an application of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is applied to the on-line test of a slab crystallizer width modulation control system and comprises the following steps:
a1, when the continuous casting machine stops to prepare for the next steel casting production and the taper deviation of the inner cavity of the crystallizer exceeds the gauge, installing a non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer on the crystallizer, acquiring detection data of the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer through a distance detection device, and calculating the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through a data calculation unit; the size of the inner cavity comprises the taper of the left narrow-edge copper plate, the taper of the right narrow-edge copper plate, the central distance of an upper opening of the left narrow-edge copper plate and the central distance of an upper opening of the right narrow-edge copper plate;
a2, transmitting the calculated size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width adjusting control system, and calibrating a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder 321 and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder 322 on the left narrow-side copper plate 32, a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder 331 and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder 332 on the right narrow-side copper plate 33 in the inner cavity of the crystallizer respectively by the width adjusting control system;
a3, adjusting the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer by the width adjusting control system according to the calibration, and detecting the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer 3 with the adjusted size of the target again by the non-contact detection device of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to obtain new size detection data of the inner cavity;
a4, comparing the new inner cavity size detection data with the target size, if the error of the comparison result is within the first preset error threshold range, completing the on-line test, otherwise, returning to the step A3;
a5, if the step A3 and the step A4 are repeated and the requirement of completing the on-line test still can not be met after the first preset times, returning to the step A2;
and A6, if the steps A2 to A4 are repeated, the requirement of the on-line test cannot be met after the second preset number of times, the test is stopped, and the slab crystallizer is off-line.
The first preset error threshold range may be set according to an actual situation, and the first preset number and the second preset number may be set according to an actual requirement, for example, the first preset number is set to two times, and the second preset number is set to three times.
The invention provides an application of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which is applied to the offline test of a width modulation control system of a slab crystallizer and comprises the following steps:
b1, when the crystallizer is assembled, placing the crystallizer on an off-line test bench, and when the crystallizer is ready to be tested, enabling the width adjusting control system to work, and carrying out target size adjustment of the inner cavity of the simulated crystallizer according to the previous calibration data;
b2, after the target size is adjusted, installing a non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer on the crystallizer, acquiring detection data of the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer through a distance detection device, and calculating the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through a data calculation unit; the size of the inner cavity comprises the taper of the left narrow-edge copper plate, the taper of the right narrow-edge copper plate, the central distance of an upper opening of the left narrow-edge copper plate and the central distance of an upper opening of the right narrow-edge copper plate;
b3, transmitting the calculated size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width adjusting control system, and calibrating a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder 321 and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder 322 on the left narrow-side copper plate 32 in the inner cavity 3 of the crystallizer, and calibrating a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder 331 and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder 332 on the right narrow-side copper plate 33 by the width adjusting control system respectively;
b4, the width adjusting control system adjusts the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to the target size, and performs inner cavity size detection on the inner cavity of the crystallizer after the target size is adjusted again through a non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to obtain new inner cavity size detection data;
b5, comparing the new inner cavity size detection data with the target size, if the error of the comparison result is within a second preset error threshold range, completing the on-line test, otherwise, returning to the step A4;
b6, if the step A4 and the step A5 are repeated, and the requirement of completing the off-line test cannot be met after the third preset number of times, returning to the step A3;
b7, if the steps A3 to A5 are repeated, the requirement of completing the off-line test still cannot be met after the fourth preset number of times, the test is stopped, and the slab crystallizer is off-line.
The second preset error threshold range may be set according to an actual situation, and the third preset number and the fourth preset number may be set according to an actual requirement, for example, the third preset number is set to two times, and the fourth preset number is set to three times.
According to the non-contact detection device and the non-contact detection method for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, provided by the invention, the installation base can be conveniently fixed at the position of the central line of the upper opening of the crystallizer, the determination of the position of the middle and the height can be quickly realized through the arrangement of the central marking piece and the height marking piece, the width and the symmetry of the upper opening of the crystallizer and the taper of the two narrow-side copper plates can be quickly measured and obtained through the distance detection device and the data calculation unit, the obtained size data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer can be directly fed back to a width adjusting control system of the inner cavity of the crystallizer for operation, check and the like, and the time for realizing a working target in the preparation stage of the width adjusting crystallizer is greatly shortened. The invention can realize the rapid measurement of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer (the width of the upper opening and the lower opening, the taper of the narrow-face copper plate at the left side and the right side) and the automatic transmission of the measurement result, greatly reduce the preparation time for the on-line of the width-adjusting crystallizer and the preparation time for the commissioning, and improve the production efficiency; the non-contact distance detection device can simultaneously detect the taper of the copper plate on the left and right narrow sides and the width of the upper opening by combining the data calculation unit, reduce the labor intensity and labor intensity required by the size measurement of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer and save the production cost; the automatic transmission can be realized, the guarantee measure of the size of the inner cavity of the width-adjusting crystallizer is improved, and the popularization and the application of an on-line heat width-adjusting system of the crystallizer are facilitated.
The non-contact detection device and the method for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer and the application thereof are described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the non-contact detection device and method for the size of the mold cavity and the application thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A non-contact detection device for the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a mounting base, a non-contact distance detection device and a data calculation unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mounting base comprises a base head and a base frame arranged at the bottom end of the base head; the base seat head is arranged above an upper opening of a copper plate in an inner cavity of the crystallizer, and the base seat frame is arranged in the inner cavity of the crystallizer; a central marker is arranged on the side surface of the base frame at the bottom end of the base head; a height marker is arranged at the upper part of the base frame; the height marker is horizontally aligned with the upper opening of the copper plate of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
the non-contact distance detection device comprises an upper distance detection device arranged at the upper part of the base frame and a lower distance detection device arranged at the lower part of the base frame; the upper distance detection device comprises an upper left distance detection piece and an upper right distance detection piece which respectively correspond to a left narrow-edge copper plate and a right narrow-edge copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer; the lower distance detection device comprises a left lower distance detection piece and a right lower distance detection piece which respectively correspond to a left narrow-edge copper plate and a right narrow-edge copper plate of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
the data calculation unit is respectively connected with the upper left distance detection piece, the upper right distance detection piece, the lower left distance detection piece and the lower right distance detection piece.
2. The mold cavity dimension non-contact detection device of claim 1, wherein the pedestal frame is disposed at a middle position of a bottom end of the pedestal head.
3. The non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data calculation unit is in communication with a width adjustment control system of the inner cavity of the crystallizer.
4. The mold cavity dimension non-contact detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein height adjusting devices are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the base head, and the bottom ends of the height adjusting devices are arranged above the upper opening of the copper plate of the mold cavity.
5. The device for non-contact detection of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base head is vertically fixed on a structural plate at the top of the upper opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through an electromagnet chuck.
6. The crystallizer cavity dimension non-contact detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the center marker comprises a first center scale and a second center scale respectively disposed on the front and rear sidewalls of the base frame; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the height marker comprises a height scale disposed around the base frame side wall; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the upper left distance detection piece, the upper right distance detection piece, the lower left distance detection piece and the lower right distance detection piece are all non-contact distance sensors.
7. The crystallizer inner cavity size non-contact detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data calculation unit comprises a left narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit, a right narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit, a left narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit and a right narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the calculation formula of the left narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit is as follows:
the calculation formula of the right narrow-side copper plate taper calculation unit is as follows:
the calculation formula of the calculation unit for the distance between the centers of the upper openings of the left narrow-side copper plates is as follows:
the calculation formula of the right narrow-side copper plate upper opening center distance calculation unit is as follows:
wherein, Zl is the taper of the narrow-side copper plate on the left side, L is the length of the narrow-side copper plate of the crystallizer, Slt is the distance from the detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the upper left to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, Slb is the distance from the detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the lower left to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and h1 is the center distance between the detection piece on the upper left and the detection piece on the lower left; zr is the taper of the narrow-side copper plate on the right side, and Srt is the distance from a detection point of the detection piece on the narrow-side copper plate on the upper right to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; srb is the distance from the detecting point of the right lower distance detecting piece on the narrow-side copper plate to the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and h2 is the center distance between the right upper distance detecting piece and the right lower distance detecting piece; wtl is the center distance of the upper opening of the left narrow copper plate; a1 is the distance from the center of the detecting piece to the upper opening of the crystallizer inner cavity; wtr is the distance from the center of the upper opening of the right narrow-side copper plate, and a2 is the distance from the center of the upper right distance detection piece to the upper opening of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; the values of a1, a2, h1 and h2 do not exceed the length L of the narrow copper plate of the crystallizer, and a1 and a2, and h1 and h2 are equal or unequal.
8. A method for detecting the size of an inner cavity of a crystallizer, which is characterized in that the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for automatically detecting the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the mounting base on a crystallizer to be detected, mounting the base head above an upper opening of a copper plate in an inner cavity of the crystallizer, positioning the base frame in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, aligning the center marker with the center line of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and completing the initial mounting of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer;
s2, after the crystallizer inner cavity size non-contact detection device is initially installed, adjusting the height of the installation base to enable the height mark piece to be horizontally aligned with the upper opening of the copper plate of the crystallizer inner cavity, and then firmly fixing the installation base on the crystallizer;
s3, after the mounting base is fixed on the crystallizer, enabling the distance detection device to start working to obtain detection data;
and S4, calculating the size data of the crystallizer cavity to be detected through the data calculation unit according to the detection data.
9. The application of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is applied to the on-line test of a width modulation control system of a slab crystallizer, and comprises the following steps:
a1, when the continuous casting machine is stopped to prepare for next steel casting production and the taper deviation of the inner cavity of the crystallizer exceeds the gauge, installing a non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer on the crystallizer, acquiring detection data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the distance detection device, and calculating the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the data calculation unit; the size of the inner cavity comprises the taper of the left narrow-edge copper plate, the taper of the right narrow-edge copper plate, the central distance of an upper opening of the left narrow-edge copper plate and the central distance of an upper opening of the right narrow-edge copper plate;
a2, transmitting the calculated size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width-adjusting control system, wherein the width-adjusting control system respectively calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width-adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width-adjusting oil cylinder on a left narrow-side copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width-adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width-adjusting oil cylinder on a right narrow-side copper plate;
a3, the width adjusting control system adjusts the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to the calibration, and performs inner cavity size detection on the inner cavity of the crystallizer after the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is adjusted again through the non-contact detection device of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, so as to obtain new inner cavity size detection data;
a4, comparing the new inner cavity size detection data with a target size, if the error of the comparison result is within a first preset error threshold range, completing the on-line test, otherwise, returning to the step A3;
a5, if the step A3 and the step A4 are repeated, the requirement of completing the on-line test can not be met after the first preset times, the step A2 is returned;
and A6, if the steps A2 to A4 are repeated, the requirement of the on-line test cannot be met after the second preset number of times, the test is stopped, and the slab crystallizer is off-line.
10. The application of the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is applied to the offline test of a width modulation control system of a slab crystallizer, comprises the following steps:
b1, when the crystallizer is assembled, placing the crystallizer on an off-line test bench, and when the crystallizer is ready to be tested, enabling the width adjusting control system to work, and carrying out target size adjustment of the inner cavity of the simulated crystallizer according to the previous calibration data;
b2, after the target size is adjusted, mounting the non-contact detection device for the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer on the crystallizer, acquiring detection data of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the distance detection device, and calculating the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the data calculation unit; the size of the inner cavity comprises the taper of the left narrow-edge copper plate, the taper of the right narrow-edge copper plate, the central distance of an upper opening of the left narrow-edge copper plate and the central distance of an upper opening of the right narrow-edge copper plate;
b3, transmitting the calculated size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer to a width adjusting control system, wherein the width adjusting control system respectively calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder on a left narrow-side copper plate in the inner cavity of the crystallizer, and calibrates a displacement sensor of an upper width adjusting oil cylinder and a displacement sensor of a lower width adjusting oil cylinder on a right narrow-side copper plate;
b4, the width adjusting control system adjusts the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer according to the calibration, and performs inner cavity size detection on the inner cavity of the crystallizer after the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is adjusted again through the non-contact detection device of the size of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, so as to obtain new inner cavity size detection data;
b5, comparing the new inner cavity size detection data with the target size, if the error of the comparison result is within a second preset error threshold range, completing the on-line test, otherwise, returning to the step A4;
b6, if the step A4 and the step A5 are repeated and the requirement of completing the off-line test still cannot be met after the third preset number of times, returning to the step A3;
b7, if the steps A3 to A5 are repeated, the requirement of completing the off-line test still cannot be met after the fourth preset number of times, the test is stopped, and the slab crystallizer is off-line.
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